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Alharbi HY, Alnoman RB, Aljohani MS, Monier M, Tawfik EH. Design and synthesis of S-citalopram-imprinted polymeric sorbent: Characterization and application in enantioselective separation. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464925. [PMID: 38776603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The current work describes the efficient creation and employment of a new S-citalopram selective polymeric sorbent, made from poly(divinylbenzene-maleic anhydride-styrene). The process began by using suspension polymerization technique in the synthesis of poly(styrene-maleic anhydride-divinylbenzene) microparticles. These were then modified with ethylenediamine, developing an amido-succinic acid-based polymer derivative. The S-citalopram, a cationic molecule, was loaded onto these developed anionic polymer particles. Subsequently, the particles were post-crosslinked using glyoxal, which reacts with the amino group residues of ethylenediamine. S-citalopram was extracted from this matrix using an acidic solution, which also left behind stereo-selective cavities in the S-citalopram imprinted polymer, allowing for the selective re-adsorption of S-citalopram. The attributes of the polymer were examined through methods such as 13C NMR, FTIR, thermogravemetric and elemental analyses. SEM was used to observe the shapes and structures of the particles. The imprinted polymers demonstrated a significant ability to adsorb S-citalopram, achieving a capacity of 878 mmol/g at a preferred pH level of 8. It proved efficient in separating enantiomers of (±)-citalopram via column methods, achieving an enantiomeric purity of 97 % for R-citalopram upon introduction and 92 % for S-citalopram upon release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Y Alharbi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rua B Alnoman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Aljohani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Monier
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Eman H Tawfik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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2
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Bakke E, Nilsen Terland M, Strand DH, Øiestad EL, Høiseth G. Enantiomer-specific analysis of amphetamine in urine, oral fluid and blood. J Anal Toxicol 2024; 48:254-262. [PMID: 38706158 PMCID: PMC11165648 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Illegal amphetamine is usually composed of a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers (S)- and (R)-amphetamine. However, when amphetamine is used in medical treatment, the more potent (S)-amphetamine enantiomer is used. Enantiomer-specific analysis of (S)- and (R)-amphetamine is therefore used to separate legal medical use from illegal recreational use. The aim of the present study was to describe our experience with enantiomer-specific analysis of amphetamine in urine and oral fluid, as well as blood, and examine whether the distribution of the two enantiomers seems to be the same in different matrices. We investigated 1,722 urine samples and 1,977 oral fluid samples from prison inmates, and 652 blood samples from suspected drugged drivers, where prescription of amphetamine was reported. Analyses were performed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS-MS). The enantiomer separation was achieved by using a chiral column, and results from the method validation are reported. Samples containing <60% (S)-amphetamine were interpreted as representing illegal use of amphetamine. The distribution of the two enantiomers was compared between different matrices. In urine and oral fluid, the mean amount of (S)-amphetamine was 45.2 and 43.7%, respectively, while in blood, the mean amount of (S)-amphetamine was 45.8%. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of (S)-amphetamine between urine and oral fluid samples and between urine and blood samples, but the difference was significant in blood compared to oral fluid samples (P < 0.001). Comparison of urine and oral fluid between similar populations indicated that enantiomers of amphetamine can be interpreted in the same way, although marginally higher amounts of (R)-amphetamine may occur in oral fluid. Oral fluid, having several advantages, especially during collection, could be a preferred matrix in testing for illegal amphetamine intake in users of medical amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirin Bakke
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Mariann Nilsen Terland
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Dag Helge Strand
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Leere Øiestad
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Gudrun Høiseth
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
- Centre for psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Forskningsveien 13, Oslo 0373, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, Oslo 0318, Norway
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3
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Nielsen MKK, Andersen NZ, Rasmussen BS, Johansen SS. Driving under the Influence of Amphetamine: Analytical Evaluation of Illegal or Prescription Drug Intake Using Chiral UHPLC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:280-286. [PMID: 36525524 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation between consumption of illegal and prescription drugs remains an important aspect in forensic toxicology. While illicit amphetamine is most often racemic, the medicinal drugs marketed in Denmark for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder contain the pure (S)-enantiomer or a prodrug thereof. In this study, we present a simple and efficient analytical workflow to provide information about the origin of amphetamine consumed in forensic cases concerning driving under the influence of drugs (DUID). Following quantification of amphetamine and methamphetamine using our conventional multi-target ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, determination of (R)- and (S)-amphetamine was performed by reinjecting the sample extract on a Phenomenex LUX® AMP chiral column using the same analytical instrument and mobile phases. Chiral separation was performed isocratic within a run time of 6 min. The analytical workflow was applied to blood samples from 5,248 suspected DUID cases within a 2-year period. Amphetamine was detected in 18.7% of the samples, of which both enantiomers were detected in 89.5% of the cases, indicating the consumption of illegal racemic amphetamine. In 6.1% of the positive cases, both amphetamine and methamphetamine were detected, indicating either co-consumption of both amphetamines or consumption of methamphetamine. In the remaining 4.4%, only (S)-amphetamine was detected indicating the consumption of prescription drugs containing (S)-amphetamine or a prodrug thereof. Implementation of a simple and rapid chiral method in the conventional analytical workflow for routine forensic casework proved to be an efficient way to elucidate whether a positive amphetamine result originates from illegal or prescription drug consumption, without increasing turnaround time nor costs to any significant extent, as no additional sample preparation was required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Katrine Klose Nielsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Forensic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Nina Zacho Andersen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Forensic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Brian Schou Rasmussen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Forensic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Sys Stybe Johansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Forensic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's vej 11, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
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4
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Development and validation of a chiral LC-MS/MS method for the separation and quantification of four synthetic cathinones in human whole blood and its application in stability analysis. Talanta 2023; 253:123986. [PMID: 36228559 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cathinones, a subclass of new psychoactive substances, have gained high popularity on the recreational drugs market over the past years. These drugs typically have a chiral center, so they may exist as two stereoisomers. Therefore the pharmacological, pharmacokinetic or metabolic properties of their enantiomers are expected to differ. However, these drugs are often synthesized and sold as a racemic mixture, and as a consequence, differentiation of their (R)- and (S)- enantiomers is relevant in clinical and forensic toxicology. Information about single enantiomers of synthetic cathinones is relatively scarce due to challenges of their chiral analysis. Hence, a sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the chiral separation and quantification of four synthetic cathinones in human whole blood samples. The method was fully validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, bias, precision, carryover, interferences, matrix effects, recovery and processed sample stability and successfully applied to evaluate the stability as well as enantioselective degradation of synthetic cathinones enantiomers under various storage conditions. For most of the analytes, significant enantioselective degradation was observed when stored at room temperature or refrigerated, with the E2-enantiomers observed to more rapidly degrade under both conditions. This is the first report concerning the stability and enantioselective degradation of synthetic cathinone enantiomers in whole blood. Moreover, the inversion study demonstrated enantiomeric inversion of R-(-)- and S-(+)-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in human whole blood and methanolic solution.
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5
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Deng L, Wang S, Guo H, Liu X, Zou X, Zhang R, Lin Y, Tan W. (RS)-bambuterol and its enantiomers: Potential improvement of (R)-bambuterol in mice with colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 103:108501. [PMID: 34974400 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bambuterol (BMB) has been used clinically to treat asthma due to its bronchodilation activity. However, the effect of BMB on ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been examined. The present work focused on the effects of enantiomeric BMB on UC. Acute UC was induced in mice by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and (R)-, (S) and (RS)-BMB were orally administered. Body weight loss and the disease activity index (DAI) were measured once a day. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR. Histological evaluations of colon samples were performed. IL-6, STAT3, and RORγt pathway-related proteins were analyzed by western blotting. The results verified that colitis severity was dramatically ameliorated by (R)-BMB, which was significantlybetter than the effect of (RS)-BMB or (S)-BMB, as evidenced by body weight loss, DAI, colon length, spleen/body weight ratio and histopathological manifestations. Furthermore, (R)-BMB treatment significantly diminished the levels of inflammatory cytokines and macrophages infiltration in mice with colitis. Besides, treated with (R)-BMB obviously elevated the level of β2AR. In addition, (R)-BMB decreased the expression of IL-6, IL-17, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma t (RORt), and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) in a dose-dependent manner in the colon tissues. The efficacy of (R)-BMB was more notable than aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). (R)-BMB is either butyrilcholinesterase inhibitor or β2AR agonist which offers new treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Deng
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanping Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihua Guo
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xinfeng Zou
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Post-Doctoral Innovation Site, Jinan University Affiliation, Yuanzhi Health Technology Co, Ltd, Hengqin New District, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
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6
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Aboul-Enein HY, Kannappan V, Kanthiah S. Impact of cyclofructan derivatives as efficient chiral selector in chiral analysis: An overview. Chirality 2021; 34:364-373. [PMID: 34806232 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of chiral selectors for the separation and analysis of chiral molecules has been an evolving process happening over three decades, since the introduction of the first chiral stationary phase (CSP) in 1938. The main impetus for designing new chiral selectors is to get to most promising one which has a broad chiral recognition property, separation capability for a wide range of chiral analytes, and the cost-effective CSP, which is also a major concern. Today, we have more than 100 commercially available CSPs, and these are prepared by coating or immobilizing the classical chiral selectors on to the chromatographic support, normally, silica gel. The purpose of this review is to look at progress and the impact of cyclofructan derivatives, a novel chiral selector introduced recently, for performing chiral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Selvakumar Kanthiah
- Department of Quality Assurance, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, India
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7
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Pascual-Caro S, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M. Comparison of different chiral selectors for the enantiomeric determination of amphetamine-type substances in human urine by solid-phase extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:437-445. [PMID: 34652814 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study develops a method for the enantioseparation of a group of amphetamines and their metabolites in urine by CE coupled to MS/MS (CE-MS/MS). Amphetamines present a chiral center and thus two enantiomers, which is important from a toxicological point of view because they may have different pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties. It is therefore essential to find suitable methods to distinguish both enantiomers. Today the use of CE is becoming more important in this field since, with the simple addition of a chiral selector to the background electrolyte, the enantioseparation can easily be achieved. However, when CE is coupled to MS, the use of volatile chiral selectors and compatible background electrolytes or other strategies such as the countercurrent migration approach are required to avoid contamination of the ion source from nonvolatile species. In the present study, we use the latter strategy to evaluate six different chiral selectors using CE-MS/MS. As a sample pre-treatment, two cationic-exchange sorbents-Oasis WCX and Oasis MCX-are compared for the urine pre-treatment. Using this method, it was possible to achieve the complete chiral separation of the amphetamines under study with detection limits ranging between 0.8 and 1.5 ng/mL and method quantification limits between 2.0 and 8.0 ng/mL. Matrix-matched calibration curves up to 150 ng/mL were used to cover the usual concentration ranges at which amphetamines have generally been found in toxicological and forensic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Pascual-Caro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carme Aguilar
- Serra Hunter Professor, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel˙lí Domingo, 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Marta Calull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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8
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Mueller F, Losacco GL, Nicoli R, Guillarme D, Thomas A, Grata E. Enantiomeric methadone quantitation on real post-mortem dried matrix spots samples: Comparison of liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1177:122755. [PMID: 34107411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes two bioanalytical methods for the quantitation of the two methadone enantiomers in dried matrix spots using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and high performance supercritical chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPSFC-MS/MS). Dried matrix spots were obtained by spotting 10 µL of each sample fluid on a Whatman paper. Methadone and its main metabolite, EDDP, were extracted with 100 µL methanol and subsequently injected into the LC-MS/MS and SFC-MS/MS systems. Enantiomeric separation was achieved with AGP-column for the LC conditions and with Chiralpak IH-3 in SFC. The two methods were fully validated and 93 post-mortem samples were analysed with both analytical methods. Results from validation parameters and results obtained for all post-mortem samples were compared with a significant spearman correlation of rs = 0.9978 for R-methadone and rs = 0.9981 for S-methadone. The LC method provided better results in terms of uncertainty, retention factor and resolution, whereas SFC provides better sensitivity, with lower LOD. Median R-/S-methadone ratio in peripheral blood was found equal to 1.60 (N = 32), varying from 0.79 to 4.23. The reported values were in good agreement with previously published results. Based on the results obtained here, SFC-MS/MS can be considered a reliable alternative to the widely used LC-MS/MS for the quantitation of methadone enantiomers in bioanalysis and should be evaluated for other bioanalytical methods. Both methods can be easily and quickly used in toxicological routine analysis for the methadone quantitation in human fluids matrices, even if considering that the polysaccharide coated column IH-3 used in SFC does not allow the enantiomeric EDDP separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mueller
- Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences (FASV), 6718 Olivone, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - G L Losacco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - R Nicoli
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne & Gevena, Lausanne University Hospital & University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Thomas
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital-Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland; Faculty Unit of Toxicology, CURML, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Grata
- Alpine Foundation for Life Sciences (FASV), 6718 Olivone, Switzerland
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9
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Recent advances in chiral analysis for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:493-511. [PMID: 33719527 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article covers current methods and applications in chiral analysis from 2010 to 2020 for biosamples in clinical research and forensic toxicology. Sample preparation for aqueous and solid biological samples prior to instrumental analysis were discussed in the article. GC, HPLC, capillary electrophoresis and sub/supercritical fluid chromatography provide the efficient tools for chiral drug analysis coupled to fluorescence, UV and MS detectors. The application of chiral analysis is discussed in the article, which involves differentiation between clinical use and drug abuse, pharmacokinetic studies, pharmacology/toxicology evaluations and chiral inversion. Typical chiral analytes, including amphetamines and their analogs, anesthetics, psychotropic drugs, β-blockers and some other chiral compounds, are also reviewed.
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10
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Alhawiti AS, Monier M, Elsayed NH. Designing of amino functionalized imprinted polymeric resin for enantio-separation of (±)-mandelic acid racemate. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Shin I, Choi H, Kang S, Kim J, Park Y, Yang W. Detection of l-Methamphetamine and l-Amphetamine as Selegiline Metabolites. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 45:99-104. [PMID: 32476010 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selegiline (SE) is a selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, used for reducing symptoms in early-stage Parkinson's disease. The metabolites of SE include l-methamphetamine, l-amphetamine and desmethylselegiline (DSE). The stereoisomers of SE metabolites, d-methamphetamine and d-amphetamine are highly addictive psychostimulants and some of the most abused drugs in South Korea. In order to differentiate medical SE users form illicit methamphetamine abusers, it is important to distinguish between the l-isomers and d-isomers in urine samples. A 52-year-old male, seemingly under the influence of intoxication and demonstrating abnormal behavior, was reported to the police. The initial urine test using a methamphetamine detection kit demonstrated a positive result. Given the initial results, the police officer requested a further analysis of the urine sample. The urine sample was screened using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Both methamphetamine and amphetamine were detected, in addition to SE and DSE. To quantitate methamphetamine and amphetamine by HS-SPME-GC-MS, we performed a standard addition method due to the matrix effect of the case sample. Consistent with previous studies, our results indicated that the ratio of amphetamine to methamphetamine was 0.27, which was in the range of SE ingestion. Furthermore, we confirmed l-methamphetamine and l-amphetamine by chiral derivatization using (R)-(-)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl) phenylacetyl chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilchung Shin
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Choi
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Seojin Kang
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Yuran Park
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Wonkyung Yang
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
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12
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Loganathan D, Yi R, Patel B, Zhang J, Kong N. A sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method for the detection, resolution and quantitation of cathinone enantiomers in horse blood plasma and urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2147-2161. [PMID: 33517480 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Resolution of cathinone enantiomers in equine anti-doping analysis is becoming more important to distinguish the inadvertent ingestion of plant-based products from those of deliberate administration of designer synthetic analogs. With this in mind, a rapid and sensitive method was developed and validated for the detection, resolution and quantitative determination of cathinone enantiomers in horse blood plasma and urine. The analytes were recovered from the blood plasma and urine matrices by using a liquid-liquid extraction after adjusting the pH to 9. The recovered analytes were derivatized with Nα-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-L-valinamide, a chiral derivatizing agent analogous to Marfey's reagent. The resulting diastereoisomers were baseline resolved under a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic condition. Derivatization of the analytes not only allowed the separation of the enantiomers using cost-effective traditional liquid chromatography conditions and reversed-phase columns but also increased the sensitivity, at least to an order of magnitude, when tandem mass spectrometry is used for the detection. A limit of detection of 0.05 ng/mL was achieved for cathinone enantiomers for both matrices. Acceptable intraday and interday precision and accuracy along with satisfactory dilution accuracy and precision were observed during the method validation. The method suitability was tested using the post administration urine samples collected after single doses of cathinone and ephedrine as single-enantiomeric form and methcathinone as racemic form. Finally, a proof of concept of the isomeric ratio in urine samples to distinguish the presence of cathinone as a result of accidental ingestion of plant-based product from that of an illicit use of a designer product is demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such work where cathinone enantiomers were resolved and quantified in horse blood plasma and urine at sub nanogram levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Loganathan
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada.
| | - Rong Yi
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
| | - Bhavesh Patel
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
| | - Julia Zhang
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
| | - Noel Kong
- Forensic Equine Drug Testing, Bureau Veritas Laboratories, 8577 Commerce Court, Burnaby, BC, V5A 4N5, Canada
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13
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Wang L, Xie W, Jiao W, Zhang C, Li X, Xu Z, Huang XA, Lei H, Shen X. Conformational adaptability determining antibody recognition to distomer: structure analysis of enantioselective antibody against chiral drug gatifloxacin. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39534-39544. [PMID: 35492441 PMCID: PMC9044418 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07143b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantioselective antibodies have great potential to separate and detect chiral compounds. However, cross-reactivity of enantioselective antibodies to the distomer may limit the application. An in-depth understanding of interactions between antibodies and chiral drugs could be helpful to investigate antibody recognition to the distomer. In this study, a monoclonal antibody against chiral quinolone S-(−)-gatifloxacin (S-GAT) was produced and its Fab fragment was prepared by proteolysis. The S-GAT Fab exhibited 10% cross-reactivity against the R-enantiomer compared to that of the S-enantiomer in an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA). The crystal structures of the S-GAT Fab apo form and complex with S-GAT were analyzed, and molecular docking of the R-enantiomer was carried out. The ligand conformation was further studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that the distomer R-enantiomer could enter the chiral center recognition region of the antibody by adjusting the piperazine ring conformation. Meanwhile, the antibody binding cavity had obvious conformational adaptability during ligand binding. It demonstrated that conformational change of both ligand and antibody was the key reason why antibodies recognize the distomer. Restricting conformational adaptability could improve the enantioselective recognition ability of antibodies. This study provided a new explanation for the cross-reactivity of enantioselective antibodies to the distomer, and could help to modulate antibody enantioselectivity for immunoassay of chiral drugs. The conformational adaptability of both antibody and ligand could determine the antibody enantioselectivity in chiral drug immunoassay.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanteng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenyang Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chijian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin-an Huang
- Tropical Medicine Institute & South China Chinese Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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14
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Gradient supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a gradient flow of make-up solvent for enantioseparation of cathinones. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Ribeiro C, Gonçalves R, Tiritan M. Separation of Enantiomers Using Gas Chromatography: Application in Forensic Toxicology, Food and Environmental Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:787-811. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1777522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - M.E. Tiritan
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Maurer HH. Pitfalls in drug testing by hyphenated low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:172-179. [PMID: 31804756 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews various pitfalls observed during developing, validation, application, and interpretation of drug testing approaches using GC-MS and low- and high-resolution LC-MS. They include sampling and storage of body samples, sample adulteration and contamination, analyte stability, sample preparation without or with cleavage of conjugates, extraction, derivatization, internal standardization, false negative and positive results by GC-MS or LC-MS screening and/or confirmation procedures including artifact formation, ion suppression or enhancement by electrospray ionization, and finally pitfalls in data interpretation. Conclusions and prospects close the Tutorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
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17
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Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Characterization of Four Synthetic Cathinones: 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(Dimethylamino)Propan-1-One (N-Methyl-Clephedrone, 4-CDC), 1-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(Tert-Butylamino)Propan-1-One (tBuONE, Tertylone, MDPT), 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)Hexan-1-One (4F-PHP) and 2-(Ethylamino)-1-(3-Methylphenyl)Propan-1-One (3-Methyl-Ethylcathinone, 3-MEC). CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Every year new synthetic cathinones are flooding the European drug market. They gain more and more popularity in place of cathinones that became illegal. Compounds from both groups, “classic” and “new” cathinones, have a similar chemical structure and, as a consequence, their psychoactive properties are not much different. Cathinone analogs were secured by the police during the search of a suspect’s apartment. The aim of this paper was to present results of analyses and identification of these synthetic cathinones. The structure of new psychoactive substances (NPS) was identified by single-crystal X-ray analysis, solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS and GC-MS.
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18
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Meetani MA, Alremeithi RH, Mousa MK. Enantioseparation of Synthetic Cathinones Enantiomers with Tertiary Amine Structure in Urine and Plasma. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:361-368. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Meetani
- Chemistry Department, College of science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Rashed H Alremeithi
- Chemistry Department, College of science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Muath K Mousa
- Chemistry Department, College of science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
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19
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Monier M, Shafik AL, Abdel-Latif D. Surface molecularly imprinted amino-functionalized alginate microspheres for enantio-selective extraction of l-ascorbic acid. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:652-661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Hegstad S, Havnen H, Helland A, Spigset O, Frost J. Enantiomeric separation and quantification of R/S-amphetamine in urine by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1077-1078:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Spálovská D, Králík F, Kohout M, Jurásek B, Habartová L, Kuchař M, Setnička V. Structure determination of butylone as a new psychoactive substance using chiroptical and vibrational spectroscopies. Chirality 2018; 30:548-559. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dita Spálovská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - František Králík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Habartová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague 6 Czech Republic
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22
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Ribeiro C, Santos C, Gonçalves V, Ramos A, Afonso C, Tiritan ME. Chiral Drug Analysis in Forensic Chemistry: An Overview. Molecules 2018; 23:E262. [PMID: 29382109 PMCID: PMC6017579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many substances of forensic interest are chiral and available either as racemates or pure enantiomers. Application of chiral analysis in biological samples can be useful for the determination of legal or illicit drugs consumption or interpretation of unexpected toxicological effects. Chiral substances can also be found in environmental samples and revealed to be useful for determination of community drug usage (sewage epidemiology), identification of illicit drug manufacturing locations, illegal discharge of sewage and in environmental risk assessment. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the application of chiral analysis in biological and environmental samples and their relevance in the forensic field. Most frequently analytical methods used to quantify the enantiomers are liquid and gas chromatography using both indirect, with enantiomerically pure derivatizing reagents, and direct methods recurring to chiral stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies , Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Cristiana Santos
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies , Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.
| | - Valter Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Ramos
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies , Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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23
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Kočová Vlčková H, Pilařová V, Svobodová P, Plíšek J, Švec F, Nováková L. Current state of bioanalytical chromatography in clinical analysis. Analyst 2018; 143:1305-1325. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic methods have become popular in clinical analysis in both routine and research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kočová Vlčková
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - V. Pilařová
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - P. Svobodová
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - J. Plíšek
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - F. Švec
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - L. Nováková
- Deparment of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové
- Charles University
- Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
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24
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Silva B, Fernandes C, Guedes de Pinho P, Remião F. Chiral Resolution and Enantioselectivity of Synthetic Cathinones: A Brief Review. J Anal Toxicol 2017; 42:17-24. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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25
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Hegstad S, Havnen H, Helland A, Falch BMH, Spigset O. Enantiomeric separation and quantification of citalopram in serum by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Binz TM, Williner E, Strajhar P, Dolder PC, Liechti ME, Baumgartner MR, Kraemer T, Steuer AE. Chiral analysis of amphetamines in hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: compliance-monitoring of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients under Elvanse® therapy and identification after controlled low-dose application. Drug Test Anal 2017; 10:254-261. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina M. Binz
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics; University of Zurich, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Elena Williner
- Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Petra Strajhar
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Patrick C. Dolder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research; University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Matthias E. Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research; University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Markus R. Baumgartner
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics; University of Zurich, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andrea E. Steuer
- Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine; Zurich Switzerland
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27
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Zhou T, Zeng J, Zhao T, Zhong Q, Yang Y, Tan W. Enantioselective analysis of bambuterol in human plasma using microwave-assisted chiral derivatization coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2779-2790. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | | | - Yang Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Wen Tan
- Institute of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center; China
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28
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Weiß JA, Kadkhodaei K, Schmid MG. Indirect chiral separation of 8 novel amphetamine derivatives as potential new psychoactive compounds by GC–MS and HPLC. Sci Justice 2017; 57:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Hädener M, Bruni PS, Weinmann W, Frübis M, König S. Accelerated quantification of amphetamine enantiomers in human urine using chiral liquid chromatography and on-line column-switching coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:1291-1300. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Zhou T, Zeng D, Zhao T, Yang Y, Liu S, Wu J, Xu L, Tan W. In vivo metabolism study of (R)-bambuterol in humans using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2896-906. [PMID: 27273913 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
(R)-Bambuterol, a selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist, has been approved as a new drug for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by the China Food and Drug Administration and is currently under phase I clinical trials. In this study, a combined method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was employed for the identification of the major metabolites of (R)-bambuterol in human plasma and urine after an oral dose of 10 mg. The metabolites were separated by gradient elution program and different sample preparation methods were compared. Totally, 12 metabolites of (R)-bambuterol were identified, including four metabolites in plasma and all 12 metabolites in urine. Among these, four metabolites are reported for the first time. The possible metabolic pathways of (R)-bambuterol were subsequently proposed. The results indicated that (R)-bambuterol was metabolized via hydrolysis, demethylation, oxygenation, glucuronidation, and sulfation pathways in vivo. This study revealed that this combined method was accurate and sensitive to identify the possible metabolites and to better understand the metabolism of (R)-bambuterol in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Keyharma Biomedical Inc, Songshan Lake Science and Technology Industry Park, Dongguan, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Pre-incubator for Innovative Drugs and Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Gao B, Chen L, Li Y. Preparation of surface imprinted material of single enantiomer of mandelic acid with a new surface imprinting technique and study on its chiral recognition and resolution properties. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1443:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Wolrab D, Frühauf P, Moulisová A, Kuchař M, Gerner C, Lindner W, Kohout M. Chiral separation of new designer drugs (Cathinones) on chiral ion-exchange type stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:306-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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From analytical methods to large scale chiral supercritical fluid chromatography using chlorinated chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1432:122-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Alremeithi RH, Meetani MA, Khalil SA. A validated gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of cathinone related drug enantiomers in urine and plasma. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive and selective method for detection and quantitation of 31 synthetic cathinones using GC-MS has been developed and validated. They were separated into their optical enantiomers after derivatization with L-TPC and nikethamide was used as IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed H. Alremeithi
- Department of Chemistry
- United Arab Emirates University
- Al-Ain
- United Arab Emirates
- General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology
| | - Mohammed A. Meetani
- Department of Chemistry
- United Arab Emirates University
- Al-Ain
- United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif. A. Khalil
- General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology
- Dubai Police
- Dubai
- United Arab Emirates
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35
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Current status and recent advantages in derivatization procedures in human doping control. Bioanalysis 2015; 7:2537-56. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Derivatization is one of the most important steps during sample preparation in doping control analysis. Its main purpose is the enhancement of chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection of analytes in the full range of laboratory doping control activities. Its application is shown to broaden the detectable range of compounds, even in LC–MS analysis, where derivatization is not a prerequisite. The impact of derivatization initiates from the stage of the metabolic studies of doping agents up to the discovery of doping markers, by inclusion of the screening and confirmation procedures of prohibited substances in athlete's urine samples. Derivatization renders an unlimited number of opportunities to advanced analyte detection.
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36
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Gansbeke WV, Polet M, Hooghe F, Devos C, Eenoo PV. Improved sensitivity by use of gas chromatography—positive chemical ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for the analysis of drug related substances. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1001:221-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Chiral analysis of methorphan in opiate-overdose related deaths by using capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Zhou T, Liu S, Zhao T, Zeng J, He M, Xu B, Qu S, Xu L, Tan W. Chiral analysis of bambuterol, its intermediate and active drug in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 997:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Chiral separation of D/L-aldoses by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using a chiral derivatization reagent and a phenylboronic acid complex. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6201-6. [PMID: 26044740 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel method was developed for D/L-isomeric separation of aldopentoses and aldohexoses as their (S)-(+)-4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole derivatives using phenylboronate buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate as a background electrolyte. The combination of derivatization with a chiral labeling reagent and micellar electrokinetic chromatography with phenylboronate made possible the efficient separation of D/L isomers as well as epimeric isomers of aldopentoses and aldohexoses. Laser-induced fluorescence detection permitted the micromolar-level determination of monosaccharide derivatives. The limit of detection was 105 amol (300 nM), and the repeatabilities of the migration times and peak area responses were 0.8 % and 7.9 % (relative standard deviation; n = 6), respectively. The method was applied to the determination of D/L- galactose in red seaweed.
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40
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Wang CC, Hartmann-Fischbach P, Krueger TR, Lester A, Simonson A, Wells TL, Wolk MO, Hidlay NJ. Fast and Sensitive Chiral Analysis of Amphetamines and Cathinones in Equine Urine and Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2015.613094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Aturki Z, Rocco A, Rocchi S, Fanali S. Current applications of miniaturized chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques in drug analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:194-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Weiß JA, Mohr S, Schmid MG. Indirect Chiral Separation of New Recreational Drugs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Trifluoroacetyl-L-Prolyl Chloride as Chiral Derivatization Reagent. Chirality 2014; 27:211-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Weiß
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Karl-Franzens University Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Stefan Mohr
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering; Graz Austria
| | - Martin G. Schmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Karl-Franzens University Graz; Graz Austria
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43
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Geryk R, Kalíková K, Vozka J, Tesařová E. Immobilized Polysaccharide-Based Stationary Phases for Enantioseparation in Normal Versus Reversed Phase HPLC. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Steuer AE, Schmidhauser C, Liechti ME, Kraemer T. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method after chiral derivatization for the simultaneous stereoselective determination of methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) and its phase I and II metabolites in human blood plasma. Drug Test Anal 2014; 7:592-602. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Steuer
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Corina Schmidhauser
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Matthias E. Liechti
- Psychopharmacology Research, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine; University of Zurich; Switzerland
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45
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Geryk R, Kalíková K, Vozka J, Plecitá D, Schmid MG, Tesařová E. Enantioselective potential of chiral stationary phases based on immobilized polysaccharides in reversed phase mode. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:155-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Enantioseparation of chiral pharmaceuticals in biomedical and environmental analyses by liquid chromatography: An overview. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 968:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Newmeyer MN, Concheiro M, Huestis MA. Rapid quantitative chiral amphetamines liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: method in plasma and oral fluid with a cost-effective chiral derivatizing reagent. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1358:68-74. [PMID: 25065924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a widely abused psychostimulant containing a chiral center. Consumption of over-the-counter and prescription medications may yield positive amphetamines results, but chiral separation of l- and d-methamphetamine and its metabolite amphetamine can help determine whether the source was licit or illicit. We present the first LC-MS/MS method with precolumn derivatization for methamphetamine and amphetamine chiral resolution in plasma and oral fluid collected with the Oral-Eze(®) and Quantisal™ devices. To 0.5mL plasma, 0.75mL Oral-Eze, or 1mL Quantisal specimen racemic d11-methamphetamine and amphetamine internal standards were added, followed by protein precipitation. Samples were centrifuged and supernatants loaded onto pre-conditioned Phenomenex(®) Strata™-XC Polymeric Strong Cation solid phase extraction columns. After washing, analytes were eluted with 5% ammonium hydroxide in methanol. The eluate was evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in water. Derivatization was performed with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-l-alanineamide (Marfey's reagent) and heating at 45°C for 1h. Derivatized enantiomer separations were performed under isocratic conditions (methanol:water, 60:40) with a Phenomenex(®) Kinetex(®) 2.6μm C18 column. Analytes were identified and quantified by two MRM transitions and their ratio on a 3200 QTrap (AB Sciex) mass spectrometer in ESI negative mode. In all three matrices, the method was linear for all enantiomers from 1 to 500μg/L, with imprecision and accuracy of ≤11.3% and 85.3-108%, respectively. Extraction efficiencies ranged from 67.4 to 117% and matrix effects from -17.0 to 468%, with variation always ≤19.1%. Authentic plasma and OF specimens were collected from an IRB-approved study that included controlled Vicks(®) VapoInhaler™ administration. The present method is sensitive, selective, economic and rapid (separations accomplished in <10min), and improves methamphetamine result interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Newmeyer
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marta Concheiro
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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48
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Sieradzka E, Witt K, Milnerowicz H. The application of capillary electrophoresis techniques in toxicological analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1507-13. [PMID: 24828301 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) comprises a group of techniques used to separate chemical mixtures. Analytical separation is based on different electrophoretic mobilities, thereby allowing qualitative and quantitative evaluations to be made. The application of CE in medical science, especially in toxicological studies, is developing rapidly because of the short time required for analysis and its high sensitivity, selectivity and ability to determine substances of an acidic, alkaline and neutral character. This review focuses on the possibility of applying CE in toxicological analysis. Advances in different CE analyses and detection techniques connected with this method are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Sieradzka
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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49
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Yao X, Gong Y, Mamuti R, Xing W, Zheng H, Tang X, Wang Y. Chiral differentiation of novel isoxazoline derivatives on “clicked” thioether and triazole bridged cyclodextrin chiral stationary phases. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03476g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work first demonstrates the complete chiral resolution of novel isoxazoline derivatives on smartly designed triazole- and thioether-bridged native cyclodextrin (CD) chiral stationary phases (CSPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Yao
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rehangu Mamuti
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenwen Xing
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072, China
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50
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Sánchez-Hernández L, Guijarro-Diez M, Marina ML, Crego AL. New approaches in sensitive chiral CE. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:12-27. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Guijarro-Diez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio L. Crego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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