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Aihemaiti A, Liu Y, Zou P, Liu H, Zhu L, Tang Y. Simultaneous determination of canonical purine metabolism using a newly developed HILIC-MS/MS in cultured cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 252:116468. [PMID: 39278159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Purine metabolism acts as the core role in human metabolic network. It offers purine metabolites as raw material for building blocks in cell survival and proliferation. Purine metabolites are the most abundant metabolic substrates in organisms. There are few reports to simultaneously quantify canonical purine metabolism in cells. A novel hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously determine purines profile in biological samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a HILIC (Waters Xbridge™ Amide) column. Different optimizing chromatographic conditions and mass spectrometric parameters were tested in order to provide the best separation and the lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) values for targeted metabolites. The validation was evaluated according to the Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The limit of determination (LOD) and the LOQ values were in the range of 0.02-8.33 ng mL-1 and 0.1-24.5 ng mL-1, respectively. All calibration curves displayed good linear relationship of with excellent correlation coefficient (r) ranging from 0.9943 to 0.9999. Both intra-day and inter-day variability were below 15 %, respectively. Trueness, expressed as relative error, was always within ±15 %. In addition, no derivatization procedure and ion-pair reagents are in need. The innovated approach demonstrates high sensitivity, strong specificity, and good repeatability, making it suitable for absolute quantitative studies of canonical purine metabolism in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayinazhaer Aihemaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Peichen Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Yabin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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2
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Li X, Liu Z, Li Z, Xiong X, Zhang X, Yang C, Zhao L, Zhao R. A simple, rapid and sensitive HILIC LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 16 purine metabolites in plasma and urine. Talanta 2024; 267:125171. [PMID: 37696233 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Purine intermediates play important roles in physiological function and participate in the kidney disorders, while a targeted quantification of the metabolic alterations in the purine metabolism in acute kidney injury (AKI) individuals has not been conducted. In the study, a novel, rapid and sensitive LC-MS method for simultaneous quantification of 16 purine metabolites was developed using hydrophilic interaction separation mode in human plasma and urine. The developed method was validated by using charcoal-stripped plasma and urine as blank matrix. The results showed that the method was good linear (R2 > 0.99) and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) ranged from 0.833 ng/mL to 800 ng/mL. The recovery and matrix effect were repeatable and stable. The intraday precision ranged from 0.7% to 12.7%, while the inter-day precision ranged from 1.6% to 18.5%. Most analytes were stable in the autosampler and could subject three freeze-thaw cycles. The method provided a wider coverage of purine metabolites and completed good separation of interfering compounds of nucleosides, deoxynucleosides and their corresponding nucleobases without derivatization, which was time-saving and labor-saving for the large-scale analysis. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to plasma and urine samples of hospitalized patients without and with AKI. The results showed certain purine intermediates were up-regulated in plasma and down-regulated in urine of AKI inpatients, indicating that AKI stress may associate with inflammatory responses. The novel method can facilitate the quantitative analysis of purine metabolites in biological fluids, and exhibit great prospects in providing more information on the pathogenesis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhini Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; School of Basic Medical and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; School of Basic Medical and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- School of Basic Medical and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China.
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Rongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Sánchez-Hernández A, García-Gómez D, Pérez Pavón JL, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E. Simultaneous determination of favipiravir and surrogates of its metabolites by means of heart-cutting bidimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC). Anal Biochem 2024; 684:115375. [PMID: 37926184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic monitoring of drugs, particularly those with multiple metabolites, can be time-consuming and labor-intensive due to the need for different analytical methods depending on the specific metabolite or matrix of interest. In this study, we employed a heart-cutting 2D-LC separation method based on the coupling of reversed-phase and mixed-mode mechanisms to determine Favipiravir and surrogates of five main metabolites. This approach was applied to serum, plasma, urine, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The method underwent validation to ensure its reliability. The findings highlight the potential of 2D-LC as a practical and efficient approach for therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Lai L, Zhang M, Liu C, Qu J, Xu D, Jiang Z. A comprehensive evaluation of a polymeric zwitterionic hydrophilic monolith for nucleotide separation. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:85-91. [PMID: 37843729 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and effective separation of nucleotides (NTs) and their derivatives is crucial for studying their physiological functions. In this work, we comprehensively evaluated the separation ability of a zwitterionic hydrophilic monolith, i.e., poly(N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-methacrylamidopropyl)-N-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium betaine-co-N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) (poly(SPP-co-MBA)) for NTs analysis, including its selectivity, chemical stability under extremely basic condition and compatibility with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS). The poly(SPP-co-MBA) monolith exhibited excellent chemical stability, as evidenced by the low relative standard deviation of retention time (0.16-1.05%) after 4000 consecutive injections over one month under strong alkaline elution condition (pH 10). After optimizing the separation conditions, including buffer pH and concentration, organic solvent content and column temperature, four nucleoside triphosphates, five nucleoside diphosphates and five nucleoside monophosphates were baseline separated within 7 min. Additionally, the mixtures containing one nucleoside and its corresponding mono-, di-, and triphosphates were baseline separated within only 3 min, respectively. It is good HILIC-MS compatibility was also confirmed by the satisfactory peak shape and high response of nine NTs. Overall, the proposed poly(SPP-co-MBA) monolith exhibited good mechanical stability and compatibility of HILIC-MS, making it a promising technique for NTs analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mengyun Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chusheng Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Jiahuan Qu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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5
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Deng L, Kumar J, Rose R, McIntyre W, Fabris D. Analyzing RNA posttranscriptional modifications to decipher the epitranscriptomic code. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:5-38. [PMID: 36052666 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of RNA silencing has revealed that non-protein-coding sequences (ncRNAs) can cover essential roles in regulatory networks and their malfunction may result in severe consequences on human health. These findings have prompted a general reassessment of the significance of RNA as a key player in cellular processes. This reassessment, however, will not be complete without a greater understanding of the distribution and function of the over 170 variants of the canonical ribonucleotides, which contribute to the breathtaking structural diversity of natural RNA. This review surveys the analytical approaches employed for the identification, characterization, and detection of RNA posttranscriptional modifications (rPTMs). The merits of analyzing individual units after exhaustive hydrolysis of the initial biopolymer are outlined together with those of identifying their position in the sequence of parent strands. Approaches based on next generation sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies are covered in depth to provide a comprehensive view of their respective merits. Deciphering the epitranscriptomic code will require not only mapping the location of rPTMs in the various classes of RNAs, but also assessing the variations of expression levels under different experimental conditions. The fact that no individual platform is currently capable of meeting all such demands implies that it will be essential to capitalize on complementary approaches to obtain the desired information. For this reason, the review strived to cover the broadest possible range of techniques to provide readers with the fundamental elements necessary to make informed choices and design the most effective possible strategy to accomplish the task at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - J Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - R Rose
- Department of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Langone Health Center, New York, USA
| | - W McIntyre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniele Fabris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Kohler I, Verhoeven M, Haselberg R, Gargano AF. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography – mass spectrometry for metabolomics and proteomics: state-of-the-art and current trends. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Optimizing test approaches for the detection of exposed metal surfaces within a chromatographic flow path. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen Y, Luo L, Feng P, Xu B, Wei X. Effective and repeatable chromatographic separation of 5 nucleotides in infant formula milk powder by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:2840-2848. [PMID: 35181132 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A robust method using HPLC-UV was developed to improve the accuracy and repeatability of a quantitative method to detect 5 nucleotides (cytidine-monophosphate, uridine monophosphate, adenosine monophosphate, guanine monophosphate, and inosine monophosphate) in infant formulas. The results showed that efficient separation could not be achieved without strict conditions. The proposed method displayed a strong linear relationship (R2 > 0.9999) of single nucleotide in infant formula milk powder in the range of 10 to 1,000 mg/kg, a steady recovery (80.0% ∼110.0%) with relative standard deviation from 0.5% to 3.5%, under strict conditions of hydrophilic C18 column with di-isopropyl at 62.5 ± 2.5°C (± standard deviation), 0.65 ± 0.1 mg/mL tetrabutylammonium bisulfate, and mobile phase of pH of 2.75 ± 0.02. By applying this method on a series of milk products in the Chinese market, we found a few of them exceeded the legal limits of nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Peiyan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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9
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Binh VN, Hue VTP, Ha PTT. Peak shape enhancement using diethylamine in hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography: Application in simultaneous determination of methionine and paracetamol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114214. [PMID: 34153937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methionine (MET) is combined with paracetamol (PAR) in a pain relief soft capsule in order to prevent the haematologic damage of paracetamol. A hydrophillic liquid chromatographic (HILIC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of PAR and MET in the combined formulation. Various analytical conditions were investigated, and the final method was chosen using silica column (150 × 4,6 mm; 5 μm), mobile phase of acetonitrile - aqueous solution of 10 mM formic acid 5 mM diethylamine (60:40, v/v), UV detection at 254 nm for PAR and 210 nm for MET. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The method was successfully applied for quantitation of both compounds in soft capsule preparations bought from the market. Notably, in this study, a novel approach was proposed to improve peak shape of amino acid - a problem often observed in HILIC. The addition of diethylamine to mobile phase shortened the retention time of MET and significantly improved peak shape on both silica and cyano columns, due to electrostatic interaction competition and silanol end-capping effect. The result of this research demonstrated the advantages of HILIC in simultaneous analysis of a polar compound amino acid, especially in combination with a less polar substance. The use of diethylamine as a mobile phase modifier to enhance peak shape is a new suggestion that can be used in further studies on amino acid analysis by HILIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Ngan Binh
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Thi Phuong Hue
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Thanh Ha
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
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Hu W, Chang L, Ke C, Xie Y, Shen J, Tan B, Liu J. Challenges and stepwise fit-for-purpose optimization for bioanalyses of remdesivir metabolites nucleotide monophosphate and triphosphate in mouse tissues using LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113806. [PMID: 33280995 PMCID: PMC7703390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A robust and reliable LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of RMP and RTP was optimized and validated. The novel method solved the major challenges of direct determination of RMP and RTP in biological matrix through improvement of LC retention, stability and recovery. The method was validated and successfully applied to mouse tissue distribution study. This method provides useful information for further study of remdesivir as well as extends the approach for phosphate determination. The method solved the major challenges for determining RMP and RTP in biological matrix such as LC retention, stability and recovery.
Remdesivir is a prodrug of the nucleotide analogue and used for COVID-19 treatment. However, the bioanalysis of the active metabolites remdesivir nucleotide triphosphate (RTP) and its precursor remdesivir nucleotide monophosphate (RMP) is very challenging. Herein, we established a novel method to separate RTP and RMP on a BioBasic AX column and quantified them by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. Stepwise, we optimized chromatographic retention on an anion exchange column, improved stability in matrix through the addition of 5,5′-dithiobis-(2nitrobenzoic acid) and PhosSTOP EASYpack, and increased recovery by dissociation of tight protein binding with 2 % formic acid aqueous solution. The method allowed lower limit of quantification of 20 nM for RMP and 10 nM for RTP. Method validation demonstrated acceptable accuracy (93.6%–103% for RMP, 94.5%–107% for RTP) and precision (RSD < 11.9 % for RMP, RSD < 11.4 % for RTP), suggesting that it was sensitive and robust for simultaneous quantification of RMP and RTP. The method was successfully applied to analyze RMP and RTP in mouse tissues. In general, the developed method is suitable to monitor RMP and RTP, and provides a useful approach for exploring more detailed effects of remdesivir in treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lu Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Changqiang Ke
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuanchao Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jingshan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bo Tan
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Nair AB, Gandhi D, Patel SS, Morsy MA, Gorain B, Attimarad M, Shah JN. Development of HPLC Method for Quantification of Sinigrin from Raphanus sativus Roots and Evaluation of Its Anticancer Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214947. [PMID: 33114598 PMCID: PMC7663242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinigrin, a precursor of allyl isothiocyanate, present in the Raphanus sativus exhibits diverse biological activities, and has an immense role against cancer proliferation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the sinigrin in the R. sativus roots using developed and validated RP-HPLC method and further evaluated its’ anticancer activity. To achieve the objective, the roots of R. sativus were lyophilized to obtain a stable powder, which were extracted and passed through an ion-exchange column to obtain sinigrin-rich fraction. The RP-HPLC method using C18 analytical column was used for chromatographic separation and quantification of sinigrin in the prepared fraction, which was attained using the mobile phase consisting of 20 mM tetrabutylammonium: acetonitrile (80:20%, v/v at pH 7.0) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The chromatographic peak for sinigrin was showed at 3.592 min for pure sinigrin, where a good linearity was achieved within the concentration range of 50 to 800 µg/mL (R2 > 0.99), with an excellent accuracy (−1.37% and −1.29%) and precision (1.43% and 0.94%), for intra and inter-day, respectively. Finally, the MTT assay was performed for the sinigrin-rich fraction using three different human cancer cell lines, viz. prostate cancer (DU-145), colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-15), and melanoma (A-375). The cell-based assays were extended to conduct apoptotic and caspase-3 activities, to determine the mechanism of action of sinigrin in the treatment of cancer. MTT assay showed IC50 values of 15.88, 21.42, and 24.58 µg/mL for DU-145, HCT-15, and A-375 cell lines, respectively. Increased cellular apoptosis and caspase-3 expression were observed with sinigrin-rich fraction, indicating significant increase in overexpression of caspase-3 in DU-145 cells. In conclusion, a simple, sensitive, fast, and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of sinigrin in the prepared fraction. The data observed here indicate that sinigrin can be beneficial in treating prostate cancer possibly by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-536-219-868
| | - Dipal Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Snehal S. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Jigar N. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
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12
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Godoy AT, Eberlin MN, Simionato AVC. Targeted metabolomics: Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method development and validation for the identification and quantitation of modified nucleosides as putative cancer biomarkers. Talanta 2019; 210:120640. [PMID: 31987192 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A notable change in the body fluids nucleosides of cancer patients has been actively highlighted in searches for new biomarkers to early cancer detection. For this reason, improvements of bioanalytical methods for these compounds focused on a noninvasive sampling trend are of great importance. Therefore, this work aimed firstly to develop efficient methods for nucleoside analysis in urine and serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), applying different strategies to quantify nine nucleosides, and further identify other untargeted nucleosides. Sample preparation was based on protein precipitation and affinity-solid phase extraction (SPE), whereas quantification was performed using a triple quadrupole (QqQ) mass analyzer operating in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Surrogates matrices were proposed as an alternative to standard addition calibration. Specifically, to quantitate creatinine, a simple LC-MS/MS method was validated and used for normalization of urinary metabolites quantitation. To identify the other nucleosides, LC methods using different MS scans modes were evaluated on a quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) or a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap (Q-trap). Validation was performed for nucleosides quantification using the synthetic matrices of urine and serum, and selectivity, linearity, accuracy, reproducibility, matrix effect, LOD's and LOQ's were accessed, providing trustworthy results for bioanalysis purposes. Both LC-Q-Trap/MS and LC-Q-TOF/MS methods showed proper sensitivity for structural characterization on assays with urine and serum samples from healthy volunteers and could also be used in the identification of untargeted nucleosides. The investigated approaches delivered in-depth results and seem promising for future applications on urine and serum samples analyses aiming to validate nucleosides as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Teixeira Godoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Mackenzie Presbyterian University, MackMass Laboratory, Scholl of Engineering, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Dong M, Qin L, Ma LX, Zhao ZY, Du M, Kunihiko K, Zhu BW. Postmortem nucleotide degradation in turbot mince during chill and partial freezing storage. Food Chem 2019; 311:125900. [PMID: 31780223 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide degradation in fish is an important biochemical change after death, which is closely related to freshness and sensory quality. However, except ATP-relative nucleotides, it remains unclear about changes in other nucleotide metabolites during postmortem stage. In this study, a strategy for the simultaneous quantification of 28 nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides using hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) with positive/negative ion switching was developed. This method showed good linearity, precision, repeatability, and recovery. Furthermore, it was successfully applied to monitor the postmortem nucleotide degradation of turbot mince during chill (4 °C) and partial freezing (-3 °C) storage for 168 h. It was noted that the patterns of the changes in nucleotide metabolites differed considerably depending on the storage temperature. Meanwhile, the different pathway and speed of nucleotide catabolism in turbot mince was summarized based on the quantification data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Lei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Li-Xin Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ming Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Konno Kunihiko
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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14
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Simultaneous separation of small interfering RNA and lipids using ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:145-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Galeano Garcia P, Zimmermann BH, Carazzone C. Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Analysis of the De Novo Pyrimidine Pathway Metabolites. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080328. [PMID: 31370321 PMCID: PMC6722987 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the optimization of a Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) method for the evaluation of 14 metabolites related to the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines (dnSP) while using multivariate analysis, which is the metabolic pathway for pyrimidine nucleotide production. A multivariate design was used to set the conditions of the column temperature, flow of the mobile phase, additive concentration, gradient rate, and pH of the mobile phase in order to attain higher peak resolution and ionization efficiency in shorter analysis times. The optimization process was carried out while using factorial fractional designs, Box–Behnken design and central composite design while using two zwitterionic columns, ZIC-p-HILIC and ZIC-HILIC, polymeric, and silica-based columns, respectively. The factors were evaluated while using resolution (R), retention factor (k), efficiency of the column (N), and peak height (h) as the response variables. The best optimized conditions were found with the ZIC-p-HILIC column: elution gradient rate 2 min, pH 7.0, temperature 45 °C, mobile phase flow of 0.35 mL min−1, and additive (ammonium acetate) concentration of 6 mM. The total analysis time was 28 min. The ZIC-p-HILIC LC-MS method yielded satisfactory results for linearity of calibration curves, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). The method has been shown to be appropriate for the analysis of dnSP on samples of tomato plants that were infected with Phytophthora infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Galeano Garcia
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
- "Grupo de Investigación en Productos Naturales Amazónicos", Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia 180002, Colombia.
| | - Barbara H Zimmermann
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Chiara Carazzone
- Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
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16
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Oligonucleotide analysis by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the absence of ion-pair reagents. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:39-48. [PMID: 30772056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving our understanding of nucleic acids, both in biological and synthetic applications, remains a bustling area of research for both academic and industrial laboratories. As nucleic acids research evolves, so must the analytical techniques used to characterize nucleic acids. One powerful analytical technique has been coupled liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To date, the most successful chromatographic mode has been ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), in the absence of ion-pair reagents, has been investigated here as an alternative chromatographic approach to the analysis of oligonucleotides. By combining a mobile phase system using commonly employed in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) - i.e., water, acetonitrile, and ammonium acetate - and a new, commercially available diol-based HILIC column, high chromatographic and mass spectrometric performance for a wide range of oligonucleotides is demonstrated. Particular applications of HILIC-MS for the analysis of deoxynucleic acid (DNA) oligomers, modified and unmodified oligoribonucleotides, and phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotides are presented. Based on the LC-MS performance, this HILIC-based approach provides an attractive, sensitive and robust alternative to prior ion-pairing dependent methods with potential utility for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of oligonucleotides without compromising chromatographic or mass spectrometric performance.
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17
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Craven CB, Joyce CW, Lucy CA. Effect of nature of electrolytes on retention and selectivity in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1584:80-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Li Z, Zhang HX, Li Y, Lam CWK, Wang CY, Zhang WJ, Wong VKW, Pang SS, Yao MC, Zhang W. Method for Quantification of Ribonucleotides and Deoxyribonucleotides in Human Cells Using (Trimethylsilyl)diazomethane Derivatization Followed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1019-1026. [PMID: 30525455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Investigation into intracellular ribonucleotides (RNs) and deoxyribonucleotides (dRNs) is important for studies of the mechanism of many biological processes, such as RNA and DNA synthesis and DNA repair, as well as metabolic and therapeutic efficacy of nucleoside analogues. However, current methods are still unsatisfactory for determination of nucleotides in complex matrixes. Here we describe a novel method for the determination of RN and dRN pools in cells based on fast derivatization with (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane (TMSD) followed by quantification using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Derivatization was accomplished in 3 min, and each derivatized nucleotide not only had a sufficient retention on reversed-phase column by introduction of methyl groups but also exhibited a unique ion transition which consequently eliminated mutual interference in LC-MS/MS. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with a simple acetonitrile-water gradient elution system, which avoided contamination and ion suppression caused by ion-pairing reagents. The developed method was fully validated and applied to the analysis of RNs and dRNs in cell samples. Moreover, results demonstrated that the applicability of this method could be extended to nucleoside analogues and their metabolites and could facilitate many applications in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau , China
| | - Hui-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau , China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau , China
| | - Christopher Wai Kei Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau , China
| | - Cai-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau , China
| | - Wei-Jia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guang Zhou 510275 , China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau , China
| | - Su-Seng Pang
- Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Mei-Cun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guang Zhou 510275 , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau , China
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19
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Hewavitharana AK, Narayan V, Duley JA. Separation of highly charged compounds using competing ions with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography - Application to assay of cellular nucleotides. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1567:233-238. [PMID: 29983167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Separation of highly charged compounds has always been a challenge in chromatography. Ion-pair reversed phase chromatography has been the most successful approach to date. Although polar reversed phase and HILIC columns have been introduced, they have limitations with highly charged compounds. Competing ions have been used, in addition to ion-pair reagent, to achieve better resolution with reversed phase columns. Herein, we explored the use of competing ions with HILIC columns to demonstrate the effects on retention and separation of mono-, di-, and tri-nucleotides, introducing a new tool to improve resolution with HILIC columns. HILIC columns that had irreversibly retained highly charged tri-nucleotides became capable of successfully separating the same compounds, by using this approach. The optimised method was used to successfully resolve a mixture of 12 nucleotides with charges ranging from 1- to 3-. The method was applied to quantify nucleotides in blood cell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicrant Narayan
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - John A Duley
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, QLD, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
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20
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Dong M, Qin L, Xue J, Du M, Lin SY, Xu XB, Zhu BW. Simultaneous quantification of free amino acids and 5'-nucleotides in shiitake mushrooms by stable isotope labeling-LC-MS/MS analysis. Food Chem 2018; 268:57-65. [PMID: 30064799 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of free amino acids (FAAs) and nucleotides in various food matrices has been a widely studied topic in recent years. Here, a fast and efficient strategy for the simultaneous analysis of 20 FAAs and six 5'-nucleotides, using stable isotope labeling-liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (SIL-LC-MS/MS) is proposed. The method was validated with respect to selectivity, linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), recovery, precision, and stability. LOQs of most FFAs were lower than 1 ng/mL, and 5'-nucleotides were in the range of 5-20 ng/mL. FAAs and 5'-nucleotides in ten shiitake mushrooms from different cultivate areas were further analyzed. Results showed that the contents of cytidine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, lysine, threonine, arginine were significantly different. Principal component analysis showed clear discrimination of origins, seasons and species. Thus, the proposed method is suitable for the fast discrimination of species and geographical origins of shiitake mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Dong
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Lei Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Jia Xue
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Ming Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Song-Yi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xian-Bing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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21
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Ashihara H, Stasolla C, Fujimura T, Crozier A. Purine salvage in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 147:89-124. [PMID: 29306799 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Purine bases and nucleosides are produced by turnover of nucleotides and nucleic acids as well as from some cellular metabolic pathways. Adenosine released from the S-adenosyl-L-methionine cycle is linked to many methyltransferase reactions, such as the biosynthesis of caffeine and glycine betaine. Adenine is produced by the methionine cycles, which is related to other biosynthesis pathways, such those for the production of ethylene, nicotianamine and polyamines. These purine compounds are recycled for nucleotide biosynthesis by so-called "salvage pathways". However, the salvage pathways are not merely supplementary routes for nucleotide biosynthesis, but have essential functions in many plant processes. In plants, the major salvage enzymes are adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7) and adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20). AMP produced by these enzymes is converted to ATP and utilised as an energy source as well as for nucleic acid synthesis. Hypoxanthine, guanine, inosine and guanosine are salvaged to IMP and GMP by hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and inosine/guanosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.73). In contrast to de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis, synthesis by the salvage pathways is extremely favourable, energetically, for cells. In addition, operation of the salvage pathway reduces the intracellular levels of purine bases and nucleosides which inhibit other metabolic reactions. The purine salvage enzymes also catalyse the respective formation of cytokinin ribotides, from cytokinin bases, and cytokinin ribosides. Since cytokinin bases are the active form of cytokinin hormones, these enzymes act to maintain homeostasis of cellular cytokinin bioactivity. This article summarises current knowledge of purine salvage pathways and their possible function in plants and purine salvage activities associated with various physiological phenomena are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ashihara
- Department of Biology, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tatsuhito Fujimura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
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22
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Abrankó L, Williamson G, Gardner S, Kerimi A. Comprehensive quantitative analysis of fatty-acyl-Coenzyme A species in biological samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry harmonizing hydrophilic interaction and reversed phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1534:111-122. [PMID: 29290399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acyl-Coenzyme A species (acyl-CoAs) are key biomarkers in studies focusing on cellular energy metabolism. Existing analytical approaches are unable to simultaneously detect the full range of short-, medium-, and long-chain acyl-CoAs, while chromatographic limitations encountered in the analysis of limited amounts of biological samples are an often overlooked problem. We report the systematic development of a UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method which incorporates reversed phase (RP) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separations in series, in an automated mode. The protocol outlined encompasses quantification of acyl-CoAs of varying hydrophobicity from C2 to C20 with recoveries in the range of 90-111 % and limit of detection (LOD) 1-5 fmol, which is substantially lower than previously published methods. We demonstrate that the poor chromatographic performance and signal losses in MS detection, typically observed for phosphorylated organic molecules, can be avoided by the incorporation of a 0.1% phosphoric acid wash step between injections. The methodological approach presented here permits a highly reliable, sensitive and precise analysis of small amounts of tissues and cell samples as demonstrated in mouse liver, human hepatic (HepG2) and skeletal muscle (LHCNM2) cells. The considerable improvements discussed pave the way for acyl-CoAs to be incorporated in routine targeted lipid biomarker profile studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Abrankó
- University of Leeds, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- University of Leeds, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Samantha Gardner
- University of Leeds, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- University of Leeds, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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23
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Zhu B, Wei H, Wang Q, Li F, Dai J, Yan C, Cheng Y. A simultaneously quantitative method to profiling twenty endogenous nucleosides and nucleotides in cancer cells using UHPLC-MS/MS. Talanta 2017; 179:615-623. [PMID: 29310284 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous nucleosides and nucleotides in biosamples are frequently highlighted as the most differential metabolites in recent metabolomics studies. We developed a rapid, sensitive, high-throughput and reliable quantitative method to simultaneously profile 20 endogenous nucleosides and nucleotides in cancer cell lines based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC- MS/MS) by using a porous graphitic carbon column and basic mobile phase. The results indicated that high pH value of mobile phase containing 0.12% diethylamine (DEA) and 5mM NH4OAC (pH 11.5) was the critical factor to prevent the adsorption of multi-phosphorylated species, and significantly improved peak shape and sensitivity. The optimized method was successfully validated with satisfactory linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, matrix effects, recovery and stability for all analytes. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was in the range of 0.6-6nM (6-60 fmol on column). The validated method was applied to the extract of three epithelial cancer cell lines, and the significant difference in the profiling of the nucleosides and nucleotides among the cancer cell lines enables discrimination of breast cancer cell line from the colon cancer cell line and the lung cancer cell line. This quantified analytical method of 20 endogenous nucleosides and nucleotides in cancer cell lines meets the requirement of quantification in specific expanded metabolomics studies, with good selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and molecular engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hai Wei
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingjiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and molecular engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fugang Li
- DMPK Department, HD Biosciences (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Jieyu Dai
- DMPK Department, HD Biosciences (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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24
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Ouyang B, Zhou F, Zhen L, Peng Y, Sun J, Chen Q, Jin X, Wang G, Zhang J. Simultaneous determination of tenofovir alafenamide and its active metabolites tenofovir and tenofovir diphosphate in HBV-infected hepatocyte with a sensitive LC-MS/MS method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:147-153. [PMID: 28881311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tenofovir (TFV), a first-line anti-viral agent, has been prepared as various forms of prodrugs for better bioavailability, lower systemic exposure and higher target cells loading of TFV to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. TFV undergoes intracellular phosphorylation to form TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP) in target cell to inhibit viral DNA replication. Hence, TFV-DP is the key active metabolite that exhibits anti-virus activity, its intracellular exposure and half-life determine the final activity. Therefore, simultaneous monitoring prodrug, TFV and TFV-DP in target cells will comprehensively evaluate TFV prodrugs, both considering the stability of ester prodrug, and the intracellular exposure of TFV-DP. Thus we intended to develop a convenient general analytical method, taking tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) as a representative of TFV prodrugs. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed, and TAF, TFV and TFV-DP were separated on a XSelect HSS T3 column (4.6mm×150mm, 3.5μm, Waters) with gradient elution after protein precipitation. The method provided good linearity for all the compounds (2-500nM for TFV and TAF; 20-5000nM for TFV-DP) with the correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.999. Intra- and inter-day accuracies (in terms of relative error, RE<10.4%) and precisions (in terms of coefficient of variation, CV<14.1%) satisfied the standard of validation. The matrix effect, recovery and stability were also within acceptable criteria. Finally, we investigated the intracellular pharmacokinetics of TAF and its active metabolites in HepG2.2.15 cells with this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Ouyang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Zhen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianying Chen
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Jin
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Domínguez-Álvarez J, Mateos-Vivas M, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, García-Gómez D, Bustamante-Rangel M, Delgado Zamarreño MM, Carabias-Martínez R. Determination of nucleosides and nucleotides in food samples by using liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Mičová K, Friedecký D, Adam T. Mass Spectrometry for the Sensitive Analysis of Intracellular Nucleotides and Analogues. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/68073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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27
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Wang S, Li H, Guan X, Cheng T, Zhang H. Silica – Boronate affinity material for quick enrichment of intracellular nucleosides. Talanta 2017; 166:148-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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28
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Mateos-Vivas M, Domínguez-Álvarez J, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Carabias-Martínez R. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry employing hexafluoro-2-propanol for the determination of nucleosides and nucleotide mono-, di- and tri-phosphates in baby foods. Food Chem 2017; 233:38-44. [PMID: 28530588 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes a method for the simultaneous determination of unmodified nucleosides and nucleotide mono-, di- and tri-phosphates by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS). The use of hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) in the separation medium, and as an additive to the sheath liquid of the electrospray interface (ESI), generated a highly efficient and sensitive method. Instrumental limits of detection in the range of 14-53ngmL-1 for nucleosides and 7-23, 20-49 and 64-124ngmL-1 for nucleotide mono-, di-, and tri-phosphates, respectively, were found. Sample treatment involved diluting an aliquot of baby food with ultra-high quality water and applying centrifugation-assisted ultrafiltration (CUF). The proposed method was validated and used to analyse a variety of baby food samples (16 in total) such as fish, meat, fruits, and baby dairy desserts that may endogenously contain these analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mateos-Vivas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Javier Domínguez-Álvarez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | - Rita Carabias-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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29
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Mateos-Vivas M, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Domínguez-Álvarez J, García-Gómez D, Carabias-Martínez R. Determination of nucleosides and nucleotides in baby foods by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in the presence of hydrophilic ion-pairing reagents. Food Chem 2016; 211:827-35. [PMID: 27283702 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we propose a rapid and efficient method for the joint determination of nucleosides and nucleotides in dairy and non-dairy baby foods based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in the presence of diethylammonium (DEA) as a hydrophilic ion-pairing reagent (IP-HILIC-MS/MS). Sample treatment of the baby food included dilution with water and centrifugal ultrafiltration (CUF) with an additional washing step that notably improved the global performance of the process. Later dilution of the extract with acetonitrile allowed adequate separation in the HILIC system. With the proposed treatment, we obtained extraction recoveries higher than 80% and, additionally, no matrix effects were observed. The CUF-IP-HILIC-MS/MS method was validated according to the 2002/657/EC decision and was used for the quantification of nucleotides and nucleosides in sixteen samples of commercial baby foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mateos-Vivas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | - Javier Domínguez-Álvarez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Diego García-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rita Carabias-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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González-Cabanelas D, Hammerbacher A, Raguschke B, Gershenzon J, Wright LP. Quantifying the Metabolites of the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate (MEP) Pathway in Plants and Bacteria by Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Methods Enzymol 2016; 576:225-49. [PMID: 27480689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway occurs in the plastids of higher plants and in most economically important prokaryotes where it is responsible for the biosynthesis of the isoprenoid building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. These five-carbon compounds are the substrates for the enormous variety of terpenoid products, including many essential metabolites and substances of commercial value. Increased knowledge of the regulation of the MEP pathway is critical to understanding many aspects of plant and microbial metabolism as well as in developing biotechnological platforms for producing these commercially valuable isoprenoids. To achieve this goal, researchers must have the ability to investigate the in vivo kinetics of the pathway by accurately measuring the concentrations of MEP pathway metabolites. However, the low levels of these metabolites complicate their accurate determination without suitable internal standards. This chapter describes a sensitive method to accurately determine the concentrations of MEP pathway metabolites occurring at trace amounts in biological samples using liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. In addition, simple protocols are given for producing stable isotope-labeled internal standards for these analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Hammerbacher
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - B Raguschke
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - J Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - L P Wright
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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31
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Gao L, Du J, Wang C, Wei Y. Fabrication of a dendrimer-modified boronate affinity material for online selective enrichment of cis-diol-containing compounds and its application in determination of nucleosides in urine. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18443f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high binding capacity dendrimer-modified boronate affinity material (SiO2@dBA) was synthesized and coupled with large-volume injection/online column-switching solid phase extraction to facilitate the determination process of cis-diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Jin Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
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