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Izar GM, Tan TY, Laurino IRA, Nobre CR, Vivas MPM, Gusso-Choueri PK, Felix CSA, Moreno BB, Abessa DMS, de Andrade JB, Martinez ST, da Rocha GO, Albergaria-Barbosa ACR. Plastic pellets make Excirolana armata more aggressive: Intraspecific interactions and isopod mortality differences between populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168611. [PMID: 37984664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pellets represent a significant component of microplastic (< 5 mm) pollution. Impacts caused by plastic pellets involve physical harm and toxicity related to ingestion and non-ingestion (such as the release of chemicals in leachates). The latter is the main route of exposure for invertebrate macrobenthic populations. This study aimed to compare the toxicity of plastic pellets in distinct marine macrobenthic populations, considering the influence of sediment characteristics (organic matter and grain size) and quality (contamination by hydrophobic chemicals) on ecotoxicological effects, as well as the influence of color on the toxicity of beach-stranded plastic pellets. We performed three experiments on plastic pellet exposure using Excirolana armata from beaches with high and low pellet density. When exposed to pellets, populations that inhabit beaches without pellets demonstrate higher mortality than those inhabiting beaches with high pellet densities. The mortality of E. armata to pellets was higher when the exposure occurred in sediment with high organic matter (OM), suggesting that chemicals were transferred from pellets to OM. Yellowish beach-stranded pellets induced higher mortality of E. armata than the white tones did. We also observed lethargic (near-dead) and dead individuals being preyed upon by healthy individuals, a cannibalistic behavior that raises an ecological concern regarding the negative effects of this exposure on intraspecific interactions in marine macrobenthic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Izar
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy and Environment (CIEnAm), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Marine Geochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Geoscience, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - T Y Tan
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, Yerseke, the Netherlands
| | - I R A Laurino
- Laboratory of Management, Ecology and Marine Conservation/Oceanographic Institute (IO-USP) - Praça Oceanográfico, 191 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-120, Brazil
| | - C R Nobre
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP), Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M P M Vivas
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy and Environment (CIEnAm), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - P K Gusso-Choueri
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 277, 1045-0907 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C S A Felix
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy and Environment (CIEnAm), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - B B Moreno
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, 277, 1045-0907 Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP), Rua Dr. Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M S Abessa
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J B de Andrade
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy and Environment (CIEnAm), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, 41650-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Energy and Environment (INCT), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - S T Martinez
- SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, 41650-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - G O da Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Center of Energy and Environment (CIEnAm), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Energy and Environment (INCT), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A C R Albergaria-Barbosa
- Marine Geochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Geoscience, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Sharma B, Sarkar S. Disease burden and health risk to rural communities of northeastern India from indoor cooking-related exposure to parent, oxygenated and alkylated PAHs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167163. [PMID: 37730065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a total of 51 targeted and non-targeted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated and alkylated derivatives associated with size-segregated aerosol was investigated in rural kitchens using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), mixed biomass (MB) and firewood (FW) fuels in northeastern India. The averaged PM10-associated parent-, alkylated-, and oxygenated-PAHs concentrations increased notably from LPG (257, 54, and 116 ng m-3) to MB (838, 119, and 272 ng m-3) to FW-using kitchens (2762, 225, and 554 ng m-3), respectively. PAHs were preferentially associated with the PM1 fraction with contributions increasing from 80 % in LPG to 86 % in MB and 90 % in FW-using kitchens, which in turn was dominated by <0.25 μm particles (54-75 % of the total). A clear profile of enrichment of low-molecular weight PAHs in cleaner fuels (LPG) and a contrasting enrichment of high-molecular weight PAHs in biomass-based fuels was noted. The averaged internal dose of Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent was the lowest in the case of LPG (19 ng m-3), followed by MB (161 ng m-3) and the highest in FW users (782 ng m-3). Estimation of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) from PAH exposure revealed extremely high cancer risk in biomass users (factors of 8-40) compared to LPG. The potential years of life lost (PYLL) and PYLL rate averaged across kitchen categories was higher for lung cancer (PYLL: 10.55 ± 1.04 years; PYLL rate: 204 ± 426) compared to upper respiratory tract cancer (PYLL: 10.02 ± 0.05 years; PYLL rate: 4 ± 7), and the PYLL rates for biomass users were higher by factors of 9-56 as compared to LPG users. These findings stress the need for accelerated governmental intervention to ensure a quick transition from traditional biomass-based fuels to cleaner alternatives for the rural population of northeastern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Sharma
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Sayantan Sarkar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India.
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Wen L, Yoshinaga K, Imasaka T, Imasaka T. Trace analysis of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on two-color femtosecond laser ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2023; 265:124807. [PMID: 37327661 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are suspected to be highly carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds that are present in the environment. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the most frequently used technique for trace analysis. The electron ionization techniques that are currently used in MS, however, typically do not result in the formation of a molecular ion, thus making the determination of these compounds more difficult. In this study, we report on the use of a compact highly-repetitive (low-pulse-energy) ultraviolet (UV) femtosecond laser as the ionization source in combination with a miniature time-of-flight mass analyzer and a time-correlated ion counting system. The UV laser pulses emitted at 343, 257, and 206 nm were produced by harmonic generations of a femtosecond Yb laser emitting at 1030 nm and were utilized for single-color multiphoton ionization. A combination of the 343-nm and 257-nm pulses was further employed to achieve two-color two-photon ionization. This technique was found to be more useful for sensitive detection and also resulted in the formation of a molecular ion. A pump-and-probe technique using these pulses was examined in a proof-of-concept study to measure the femtosecond lifetimes of the nitro-PAHs separated by GC, providing additional information for use in the characterization of the analyte. The developed technique was applied in the analysis of an authentic sample, an organic solvent extract from diesel exhaust particulates. The nitro-PAHs contained in a standard reference material (SRM1975) were determined on a two-dimensional GC-MS display, suggesting that this technique would be useful for the practical trace analysis of nitro-PAHs in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1, Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540: 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1, Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540: 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Totaro Imasaka
- Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Hikari Giken, Co., 2-10-30, Sakurazaka, Chuou-ku, Fukuoka, 810-0024, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imasaka
- Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1, Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540: 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Bahia PVB, Nascimento MM, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB, Machado ME. Quantification of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in fine airborne urban particles (PM 2.5) after multivariate optimization of a green procedure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165465. [PMID: 37451461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs), such as benzothiophenes (BT), dibenzothiophenes (DBT) and benzonapthothiophenes (BNT), can be emitted from vehicular traffic and deposited in fine particles matter (PM2.5). The presence of these compounds in PM2.5 is an environmental concern due to air pollution and its toxic properties. In this study, a green microscale solid-liquid extraction method was developed to determine twenty-three PASHs in PM2.5. A simplex-centroid mixture design was applied to optimize the extraction solvent. A full factorial design was used for preliminary evaluation of the factors that influence the extraction process (extraction time, sample size, and solvent volume) and then a Doehlert design for the significant parameters. The optimal extraction conditions based on the experimental design were: sample size, 4.15 cm2; 450 μL of toluene:dichloromethane (80:20,v/v); and extraction duration, 24 min. High sensitivity (LOD < 0.66pg m-3 and LOQ < 2.21 pg m-3) and acceptable recovery (82.8-120 %), and precision (RSD 3.6-14.0 %) were obtained. The greenness of the method was demonstrated using the Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) tool. The method was applied for analyzing PASHs in PM2.5 samples collected in three time intervals per day from years with different sulfur contents in the diesel: S-500 (≤500 ppm sulfur) and S-50 (≤50 ppm sulfur). Fourteen PASHs were quantified with the highest concentrations observed for 2,8-DMDBT and 4,6-DMDBT, which are recalcitrant compounds. The ANOVA test indicated significant differences between sampling periods during the day. The reduction of diesel S-500 to S-50 corresponded to a 28 % decrease in the total sum of PASHs (∑PASHs) evaluated. Spearman's rank correlations allowed for verifying that BTs and DBTs were highly correlated, suggesting that they were derived from similar sources. A weak correlation of 2,1-BNT and 2,3-BNT with BTs and DBTs indicates that these compounds are a chemical proxy for the emission of diesel engines during the combustion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Victor Bomfim Bahia
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Madson Moreira Nascimento
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele Olimpio da Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 Piatã, 41650-010, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente-CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente-INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Bahia PVB, de Oliveira VA, Nascimento MM, Santos LO, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB, Machado ME. Multivariate optimization of a green procedure for determination of emerging polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles in PM 2.5 from sites with different characteristics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6177-6189. [PMID: 37541975 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (PANHs) contributes significantly to the health risk associated with inhaling polluted air. However, there is a lack of analytical methods with the needed performance to their determination. This study presents the optimization and validation for the first time of a green microscale extraction procedure for the determination of twenty-one PANHs, including carbazole, indole, and quinolone classes, in particulate matter (PM2.5) samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A simplex-centroid mixture design and full factorial design (23) were employed to optimize the following extraction parameters: type and volume of solvent, sample size, extraction time, and necessity of a cleanup step. Low limits of detection and quantification (LOD < 0.97 pg m-3 and LOQ < 3.24 pg m-3, respectively) were obtained in terms of matrix-matched calibration. The accuracy and precision of the method were adequate, with recoveries in three levels between 73 to 120% and intraday and interday relative standard deviations from 2.0 to 12.9% and 7.3 to 18.9%, respectively. The green character of the method was evaluated using the Analytical Greenness (AGREE) tool, where a score of 0.69 was obtained, indicating a great green procedure. The method was applied to PM2.5 samples collected from sites with different characteristics; the concentrations ranged from 69.3 pg m-3 (2-methylcarbazole) to 11,874 pg m-3 (carbazole) for individual PANHs and from 2306 to 24,530 pg m-3 for ∑21PANHs. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering enabled discrimination of the sampling sites according to the PANHs concentrations. The score plots formed two distinct groups, one with samples containing higher concentrations of PANHs, corresponding to sites with a major influence from diesel emissions, and another group with minor PANH contents, corresponding to sites impacted by emissions from urban traffic and industrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Victor Bomfim Bahia
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia E Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Valdiria Almeida de Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Madson Moreira Nascimento
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia E Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Energia E Ambiente - INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Olimpio da Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia E Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Energia E Ambiente - INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia E Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Energia E Ambiente - INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
- Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Salvador, BA, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia E Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência E Tecnologia Em Energia E Ambiente - INCT E&A, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
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The occurrence of pristine and functionalized fullerenes as constituents of airborne aerosols. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4248. [PMID: 36918617 PMCID: PMC10015080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated if pristine and functionalized fullerenes could be actual constituents of fine atmospheric aerosols. Comprehensive profiles of fullerenes from 1 µL extracts were made through matrix laser desorption ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) within a few minutes. The ion with m/z 720, corresponding to [C60]-•, was identified as fullerene after 1 µL of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix solution was spotted over the dried extracts. The ions with the m/z corresponding to C70, C76, C84, C100, C118, C128, and C130 were also attributed to other fullerene species detected within the samples. The ion m/z 878 was found to be the fullerene derivative diethyl methano[60]fullerene dicarboxylate. Since ions of fragmented fullerene molecules were not detected even at high laser energies, we considered the fullerenes' occurring as original constituents of real atmospheric particle matrices instead of being formed as artifacts of the laser action on samples. Therefore, this protocol would be helpful in the understanding of the distribution of either pristine or functionalized fullerenes in the environment and their participation in atmospheric chemistry under typical conditions, as well as its application in vitro and in vivo (eco)toxicity studies.
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Yang H, Ding Y, Ding Y, Liu J. In-vial solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in drug formulations stored in packaging containing rubber. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7848-7856. [PMID: 36909765 PMCID: PMC9996413 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous and persistent organic compounds that are significantly teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. Rubber stoppers commonly used in sterile formulation packaging materials often contain carbon black as the additive to enhance mechanical strength. However, PAHs may be formed during the production of carbon black, which could cause the drug formulations to be contaminated when contacting with the rubber stopper, and then enter the patient's body. The determination of PAHs in drug formulations is challenging, due to their trace amounts and matrix interference. Therefore, sample pretreatment is necessary and important. In this work, a novel technique, named in-vial solid-phase extraction (IVSPE), was developed for the selective extraction and enrichment of 16 PAHs in pharmaceuticals. The coated sample vial was directly used as the container for the whole process of sample pretreatment. As the solid-phase adsorbent, the coating was prepared by successively modifying the inner surface of a sample vial with polydopamine film and octadecylamine. PAHs could be selectively extracted through π-π stacking interaction and hydrophobic interaction, and then desorbed and enriched by a small amount of organic solvent. After systematic optimization of the coating preparation and the extraction process, the limits of detection and quantification of 16 PAHs were in the range of 0.002-0.60 ng mL-1 and 0.007-2.00 ng mL-1, respectively. Good linearities and precision of six repeated injections were obtained. The recoveries at three spiked concentration levels in normal saline were in the range of 62.72-106.90% with the relative standard deviation between 0.83% and 6.78%. Finally, PAHs in normal saline and powders for injection were extracted by established IVSPE, followed by separation and detection with high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector and diode array detector (HPLC-FLD/DAD). It is worth noting that the preparation conditions of the adsorbent in the IVSPE method are mild, simple and green. Moreover, IVSPE has the advantages of having few work steps and avoiding the risk of contamination, because no special instrumentation or sample transfer is required. IVSPE could also be used for the pretreatment of multiple samples at the same time, which is beneficial to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yinmeng Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ya Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
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Pietrogrande MC, Demaria G, Russo M. Determination of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after molecularly imprinted polymer extraction. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:644-654. [PMID: 36182170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) is described for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), as ubiquitous environmental pollutants routinely measured in air quality monitoring. A SPE cartridge was used based on a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP-SPE) properly tailored for selective retention of PAHs with 4 and more benzene fused rings. The performance of the clean-up procedure was evaluated with the specific concern of selective purification towards saturated hydrocarbons, which are the PM components mostly interfering GC analysis of target PAHs. Under optimized operative conditions, the MIP-SPE provided analyte recovery close to 95% for heavier PAHs, from benzo(α)pyrene to benzo(ghi)perylene, and close to 90% for four benzene rings PAHs, with good reproducibility (RSDs: 2.5%-5.9%). Otherwise, C17-C32n-alkanes were nearly completely removed. The proposed method was critically compared with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) using a polyacrylate fiber. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ambient PM2.5 samples collected at an urban polluted site. Between the two procedures, the MIP-SPE provided the highest recovery (R% ≥ 93%) for PAHs with 5 and more benzene rings, but lower for lighter PAHs. In contrast, SPME showed a mean acceptable R% value (∼ 80%) for all the investigated PAHs, except for the heaviest PAHs in the most polluted samples (R%: 110%-138%), suggesting an incomplete purification from the interfering n-hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Pietrogrande
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agraricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Demaria
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agraricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mara Russo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agraricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Pereira GM, Nogueira T, Kamigauti LY, Monteiro Dos Santos D, Nascimento EQM, Martins JV, Vicente A, Artaxo P, Alves C, de Castro Vasconcellos P, de Fatima Andrade M. Particulate matter fingerprints in biofuel impacted tunnels in South America's largest metropolitan area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159006. [PMID: 36162571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized the chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) from light- (LDV) and heavy-duty (HDV) vehicles based on two traffic tunnel samplings carried out in the megacity of São Paulo (Brazil), which has >7 million vehicles and intense biofuel use. The samples were collected with high-volume samplers and analyzed using chemical characterization techniques (ion and gas chromatography, thermal-optical analysis, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy). Chemical source profiles (%) were calculated based on the measurements performed inside and outside the tunnels. Identifying a high abundance of Fe and Cu for traffic-related PM in the LDV-impacted tunnel was possible, linked with the emission of vehicles powered by ethanol and gasohol (gasoline and ethanol blend). We calculated diagnostic ratios (e.g., EC/Cu, Fe/Cu, pyrene/benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene/benzo[b]fluoranthene, and fluoranthene/benzo[b]fluoranthene) characteristic of fuel exhausts (diesel/biodiesel and ethanol/gasohol), allowing their use in the assessment of the temporal variation of the fuel type used in urban sites. Element diagnostic ratios (Cu/Sb and Fe/Cu) pointed to the predominance of LDVs exhaust-related copper and can differentiate LDVs exhaust from brake wear emissions. The carbonaceous fraction EC3 was suggested as an HDV emission tracer. A higher total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) fraction of traffic-related PM2.5 was observed in the HDV-impacted tunnel, with a predominance of diesel-related pyrene and fluoranthene, as well as higher oxy-PAHs (e.g., 9,10-anthraquinone, associated with biodiesel blends) abundances. However, carcinogenic species presented higher abundances for the LDV-impacted tunnel (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene). These findings highlighted the impact of biofuels on the characteristic ratios of chemical species and pointed to possible markers for LDVs and HDVs exhausts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Nogueira
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Yoshiaki Kamigauti
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Vinicius Martins
- Departamento de Mineralogia e Geotectônica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-080 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Vicente
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Alves
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Maria de Fatima Andrade
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 São Paulo, Brazil
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Bahia PVB, Nascimento MM, Andrade JB, Machado ME. Microscale solid-liquid extraction: A green alternative for determination of n-alkanes in sediments. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Drventić I, Šala M, Vidović K, Kroflič A. Direct quantification of PAHs and nitro-PAHs in atmospheric PM by thermal desorption gas chromatography with electron ionization mass spectroscopic detection. Talanta 2022; 251:123761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Caumo S, Yera AB, Vicente A, Alves C, Roubicek DA, de Castro Vasconcellos P. Particulate matter-bound organic compounds: levels, mutagenicity, and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:31293-31310. [PMID: 35001282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased industrialization and consumption of fossil fuels in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), Brazil, have caused a growth of the particulate matter emissions to the atmosphere and an increase in population health problems. Particulate and gaseous phase samples were collected in different short campaigns (2015, 2016, and 2017) near an urban-industrial area. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and its derivatives (nitro and oxy-PAH), n-alkanes, hopanes, and pesticides were determined. The Salmonella/microsome test confirmed the mutagenic activity of these samples. Among PAH, benzo(a)pyrene was detected as one of the most abundant compounds. Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentrations for PAH and nitro-PAH, and the associated risk of lung cancer, showed values above those recommended in the literature. The profile of n-alkanes confirmed the predominance of anthropogenic sources. Pesticide concentrations and estimated risks, such as the daily inhalation exposure and hazard quotient, suggest that exposure to these compounds in this area may be dangerous to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Caumo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Aleinnys B Yera
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Vicente
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Célia Alves
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Deborah A Roubicek
- Dept. Environmental Analyses, São Paulo State Environmental Agency, CETESB, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Determination of 3-nitrobenzanthrone, its metabolites, and 41 polycyclic aromatic compounds (16 PAHs, 19 nitro-PAHs, and 6 oxy-PAHs) in ascidians (Phallusia nigra). Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Machado ME, Nascimento MM, Bomfim Bahia PV, Martinez ST, Bittencourt de Andrade J. Analytical advances and challenges for the determination of heterocyclic aromatic compounds (NSO-HET) in sediment: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Sola MCR, Santos AG, Nascimento MM, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB. Occurrence, sources, and risk assessment of unconventional polycyclic aromatic compounds in marine sediments from sandy beach intertidal zones. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152019. [PMID: 34856251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including parent polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives, in 48 sediment samples from the intertidal region of sandy beaches in Baía de Todos os Santos (BTS), Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. The total PAH (∑PAH) concentration, total nitro-PAH (∑nitro-PAH) concentration, and total oxy-PAH (∑oxy-PAH) concentration ranged from 2.11 μg g-1 dry weight (dw) to 28.0 μg g-1 dw, 2.58 μg g-1 dw to 30.2 μg g-1 dw, and 0.34 μg g-1 dw to 3.65 μg g-1 dw, respectively. Elevated concentrations of parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs were found in samples from two sites in BTS, which were also characterized by high percentages of fine-medium sand and low organic matter contents. Potent mutagenic 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) was found in 86% of the samples at concentrations ranging from 0.200 μg g-1 dw to 0.690 μg g-1 dw. Furthermore, calculations of the benzo[a]pyrene toxicity equivalency (BaPTEQ) indicated that three carcinogenic high-molecular-weight PAHs accounted for 98.7% of the total maximum PAH concentration. Finally, we assessed the possible environmental risks posed to benthic species living in the sediments of BTS. The results showed that the risk quotient for PAHs (RQPAHs) was ≥1. In turn, the summed RQ for all PACs (∑RQmixture) ranged from 1 to 30, but did not exceed the maximum allowable threshold; thus, the risks posed to benthic species were moderate for all sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Claudia R Sola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Aldenor G Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Madson M Nascimento
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele Olimpio da Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, 41650-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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16
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Yan Y, Fan J, Shen K, Cao Y, Kang X, Zhu H. Sampling and concentration of particulate matter bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) basing on polystyrene nanofibers followed a determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Zhen Z, Yin Y, Chen K, Zhen X, Zhang X, Jiang H, Wang H, Kuang X, Cui Y, Dai M, He C, Liu A, Zhou F. Concentration and atmospheric transport of PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at Mount Tai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147513. [PMID: 33984695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a major threat to human health. At present, studies on PAHs in the atmosphere have mostly focused on their concentration levels and source apportionment, whereas studies on the vertical transport of PAHs in the atmosphere are limited. However, the vertical transport of PAHs is important for their diffusion near the ground and their long-range transport at higher altitude. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously at the summit and foot of Mount Tai (MTsummit and MTfoot, respectively) from May to June 2017, and the concentrations of 18 PAHs in the samples were determined. The total concentration of PAHs at MTsummit was 2.406 ng m-3, which was well below the pollution levels of domestic cities, whereas that at MTfoot was as high as 9.068 ng m-3, which was within the range of pollution levels in domestic cities. The total carcinogenic risk for both MTsummit and MTfoot was within the potential risk range. Given the source of PAHs and the diurnal variation of the planetary boundary layer, the PAHs showed opposite diurnal trends at MTsummit and MTfoot. Vertical transport was an important source of daytime PAHs at MTsummit, and the vertical transport efficiency of PAHs decreased with an increasing ring number; this may be due to the combined effects of gas-particle partitioning and chemical reactions. Furthermore, PAHs originating in the surrounding high-emission provinces can affect the Mount Tai area via atmospheric trans-regional transport, and the BaP/BeP ratio is a useful indicator of the transport distance of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiu Zhen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Kui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Xiaolong Zhen
- Huhhot Shouchuang Chunhua Sewage Dissposal Co., Ltd., Huhhot 010050, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiang Kuang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Weather Modification Office of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 051430, China
| | - Mingming Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chuan He
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ankang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Feihong Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Disperse Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup for the Determination of 1-Deoxynojirimycin in Mulberry Leaves with Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/2274450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new determination method of 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) in mulberry leaves based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) has been developed. Dried and crushed mulberry leaves’ sample was extracted by MeCN-water solvent, purified by graphitized carbon black (GCB) and primary secondary amine (PSA) to remove organic acids and pigments, and then analyzed after attenuation and filtration. The calibration curve showed linearity in the concentration range of 10–500 ng/mL, with the correlation coefficient of 0.998. Recoveries of spiked 1-DNJ at three fortification levels ranged from 94.6% to 96.4%, with relative standard derivation below 1.2%. Additionally, the matrix effect was assessed as negligible. Compared with methods by gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) via real sample detection, the proposed method acquired better stability and detection efficiency. These results proved that this method has advantages of simple operation, complete purification, small pretreatment loss, good precision and accuracy, and high determination specificity, which is suitable for massive monitoring and precise quantitation of 1-DNJ in mulberry leaves.
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Bahia PVB, Nascimento MM, Hatje V, de Andrade JB, Machado ME. Microscale extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in marine sediments. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1653:462414. [PMID: 34320434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a novel method based on an ultrasound-assisted extraction microscale device (UAE-MSD) for the rapid and simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASH) in marine sediments. Solvent extraction conditions were optimized by applying a simplex-centroid mixture design. Optimum conditions were used to validate and determine the concentrations of 17 PAH and 7 PASH. The best conditions were obtained by extracting sediments with 500 µL of DCM:MeOH (65:35, v:v) over 23 min of sonication. Analytes were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in selective ion monitoring (GC-MS/SIM). Matrix effects were evaluated, and matrix-matched calibration was used for quantitation. Analytical method validation was carried out using the certified reference material NIST SRM 1941b, as well as sediment spiked with PASH at three concentration levels. Recoveries ranged between 70.0 ± 3.5% and 119 ± 9.1% for PAH and 80.6 ± 10.4% and 120 ± 10% for PASH. Linearity (R2) was ≥0.99 for all compounds. Method detection limits ranged from 8.8 to 30.2 ng g-1, while limits of quantification ranged from 29.4 to 1011 ng g-1. UAE-MSD was applied to marine sediments exposed to different anthropogenic impacts collected in Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil. PAH concentrations ranged from <LOQ to 667 ng g-1, while PASH levels were <LOQ to 1152 ng g-1. Dibenzothiophene was the compound presented in the highest concentration in all samples, with values up to 249 ng g-1. The results indicated contributions of pyrogenic sources from all compounds. The developed method can potentially be applied to extract trace levels of compounds in different solid matrices to minimize extraction time and solvent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Victor Bomfim Bahia
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Madson Moreira Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Hatje
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, Salvador, BA 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil.
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de Oliveira Alves N, Martins Pereira G, Di Domenico M, Costanzo G, Benevenuto S, de Oliveira Fonoff AM, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Ribeiro Júnior G, Satoru Kajitani G, Cestari Moreno N, Fotoran W, Iannicelli Torres J, de Andrade JB, Matera Veras M, Artaxo P, Menck CFM, de Castro Vasconcellos P, Saldiva P. Inflammation response, oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by urban air pollution exposure increase in the lack of DNA repair XPC protein. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106150. [PMID: 33039876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution represents a considerable threat to health worldwide. The São Paulo Metropolitan area, in Brazil, has a unique composition of atmospheric pollutants with a population of nearly 20 million people and 9 million passenger cars. It is long known that exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) can cause various health effects such as DNA damage. One of the most versatile defense mechanisms against the accumulation of DNA damage is the nucleotide excision repair (NER), which includes XPC protein. However, the mechanisms by which NER protects against adverse health effects related to air pollution are largely unknown. We hypothesized that reduction of XPC activity may contribute to inflammation response, oxidative stress and DNA damage after PM2.5 exposure. To address these important questions, XPC knockout and wild type mice were exposed to PM2.5 using the Harvard Ambient Particle concentrator. Results from one-single exposure have shown a significant increase in the levels of anti-ICAM, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the polluted group when compared to the filtered air group. Continued chronic PM2.5 exposure increased levels of carbonylated proteins, especially in the lung of XPC mice, probably as a consequence of oxidative stress. As a response to DNA damage, XPC mice lungs exhibit increased γ-H2AX, followed by severe atypical hyperplasia. Emissions from vehicles are composed of hazardous substances, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals being most frequently cited as the major contributors to negative health impacts. This analysis showed that benzo[b]fluoranthene, 2-nitrofluorene and 9,10-anthraquinone were the most abundant PAHs and derivatives. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the participation of XPC protein, and NER pathway, in the protection of mice against the carcinogenic potential of air pollution. This implicates that DNA is damaged directly (forming adducts) or indirectly (Reactive Oxygen Species) by the various compounds detected in urban PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marlise Di Domenico
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Costanzo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Benevenuto
- Department of Surgery, Sector of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Satoru Kajitani
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley Fotoran
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Qu L, Yu H, Yin S, Li Y, Sun C. Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of 5 Trace Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Barbecued Foods. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1512-1520. [PMID: 33247746 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are the derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which are direct mutagens and carcinogens to human. Nitro-PAHs can be produced in the process of food barbecuing/grilling. At present, there are few studies for the determination of nitro-PAHs in food. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of barbecued food to human health, we have established a method for the determination of 5 nitro-PAHs in barbecued foods. METHODS The target nitro-PAHs were extracted with the mixture of methanol/acetone and then purified with an HLB SPE cartridge and finally analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Two pairs of target multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) ion pairs have been successfully identified for the target nitro-PAHs, and confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry to explore their formation mechanism. RESULTS The method had linear ranges of 2.0-500 µg/L (except 1-nitronaphthalene 20-5000 µg/L) with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.995. The extraction recoveries were between 70.1% and 85.6% with the relative standard deviations less than 10.0%. The limits of detection of the method were less than 0.60 µg/L (except 1-nitronaphthalene 6.0 µg/L). CONCLUSIONS The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 5 nitro-PAHs in barbecued foods. 1-nitronaphthalene, 1,8-dinitropyrene , 1-nitropyrene were detected in some charcoal grilled samples with the contents of 1.35-12.9 µg/kg. 1,8-Dinitropyrene was detected in some oil-fried samples with the contents of 2.12-5.12 µg/kg. HIGHLIGHTS This work presents an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 5 nitro-PAHs in barbecued foods for the first time. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of 5 nitro-PAHs in various barbecued foods and the nitro-PAHs were detected in some barbecued food samples. The mechanism of mass spectrometric decomposition of nitro-PAHs was investigated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Qu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Huan Yu
- Shanghai Ab, Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Shuo Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory for Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China
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22
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Naing NN, Lee HK. Microextraction and analysis of contaminants adsorbed on atmospheric fine particulate matter: A review. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) study to predict retention time of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using the random forest and artificial neural network methods. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Dos Santos RR, Cardeal ZDL, Menezes HC. Phase distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives in the ambient air of a Brazilian urban area ☆. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126223. [PMID: 32113098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air quality in large cities has worsened in recent years as a consequence people's health is directly affected. Among the toxic compounds released to environmental air are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated PAHs (nitro-PAHs), and oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs). Performant methods to analyze these compounds is necessary to enable adequate monitoring of air quality. Thus, this manuscript presents the development of a highly sensitive method to analyze PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and oxy-PAHs collected from ambient air (PM2.5) and the gas phase for a period of one year in the urban area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. PAHs and their derivatives were extracted by cold fiber solid phase microextraction (CF-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The proposed method allows simultaneous analysis of 16 PAHs, nitro-PAHs and oxy-PAHs, presenting very good limits of detection and quantification, as well as appropriate precision and recovery. The results obtained for the period of one year allowed different studies. The compounds collected simultaneously from gas and particulate phase showed that total concentration of 16 PAHs were higher in the gas phase than in the particulate. On the other hand, nitro-PAHs and oxy-PAHs presented similar concentration in gas and particulate phases. The potential carcinogenicity of PAHs relative to benzo[a]pyrene showed benzo[a]pyrene equivalents of 0.49 ng m-3. The estimated risk of lifetime lung cancer was 5 × 10-5. Principal component analysis and diagnostic ratio was applied for source distribution indicating that burning of gasoline, diesel and biomass accounted for the PAHs profile in ambient air samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosimeire Resende Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Zenilda de Lourdes Cardeal
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil
| | - Helvécio Costa Menezes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil.
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25
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Sola MCR, Santos AG, Martinez ST, Nascimento MM, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB. Occurrence of 3-nitrobenzanthrone and other powerful mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compounds in living organisms: polychaetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3465. [PMID: 32103055 PMCID: PMC7044212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we report the occurrence of powerful mutagenic 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), in addition to 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 6 oxygenated PAHs and 27 nitrated PAHs in polychaete worms. Benzanthrone (BA), another important mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) also was detected in the samples. Polychaete annelids have great ecological relevance, being widely distributed in different environmental conditions, from intertidal zones up to seven thousand feet deep areas. They are abundantly found in both contaminated and uncontaminated areas and, therefore, used as indicators of the pollution status of a given area. As we know, so far, most of these PACs has not been previously reported in living organisms before. The 3-NBA concentrations determined in this study were within 0.11-5.18 µg g-1. Other relevant PACs such as PAHs, quinones and nitro-PAHs were found in maximum concentrations at 0.013 µg g-1 (coronene) to 11.1 µg g-1 (benzo[k]fluoranthene), 0.823 µg g-1 (9,10-phenenthrenequinone) to 12.1 µg g-1 (1,4-benzoquinone) and 0.434 (1-nitronaphthalene) µg g-1 to 19.2 µg g-1 (6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene), respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA), ternary correlations and diagnostic ratios were employed in order to propose probable sources for PACs. Although statistical analysis preliminarily has indicated both pyrogenic and petrogenic contributions, petrogenic sources were predominant reflecting the impacts of petroleum exploration and intensive traffic of boats in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Claudia R Sola
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Aldenor G Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sabrina T Martinez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Madson M Nascimento
- Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele O da Rocha
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, 41650-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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26
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A combined microextraction procedure for isolation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient fine air particulate matter with determination by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Larrea Valdivia AE, Reyes Larico JA, Salcedo Peña J, Wannaz ED. Health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed in PM 2.5 and PM 10 in a region of Arequipa, Peru. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3065-3075. [PMID: 31838685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, as well as those of the PAHs bound to these particles, were quantified at four sites in the region of Arequipa, Peru, during the year 2018. These samples were collected with high volume samplers, and the concentrations of the PAHs were quantified by liquid chromatography (HPLC). The values found for PM2.5 and PM10 at all the sampling sites in Arequipa exceeded the norms established in Peru (50 μg m-3 annual average value for PM10 and 25 μg m-3 annual average value for PM2.5), with the industrial site presenting the highest values of particulate matter (PM10 max = 235.1 μg m-3; PM2.5 max = 218.4 μg m-3). With respect to seasonality, in the cold season (winter), the concentration of particles was higher compared to the other seasons. Concerning the PAHs, it was found that these had the highest concentrations at the industrial site, followed by the site with high vehicular traffic, with both these sites differing significantly from the rural sites. In addition, at the industrial and high traffic sites, there was a predominance of PAHs with 5 and 6 rings, whereas at the rural sites, PAHs with fewer rings predominated. Finally, the calculated values of lifetime lung cancer risk also revealed a difference between sites with marked emission sources, where irrigation was considered moderate, and the rural sites, where irrigation was considered low. This demonstrated that people living at sites with mobile sources and/or industries had a higher cancer risk compared to the inhabitants of rural sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Larrea Valdivia
- Centro de Investigación de contaminantes ambientales (CICA) y Centro de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación LABINVSERV, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Av. Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú.
| | - Juan A Reyes Larico
- Centro de Investigación de contaminantes ambientales (CICA) y Centro de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación LABINVSERV, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Av. Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Jimena Salcedo Peña
- Centro de Investigación de contaminantes ambientales (CICA) y Centro de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación LABINVSERV, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Av. Independencia s/n, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Eduardo D Wannaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
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28
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Naydenova S, Veli A, Mustafa Z, Gonsalvesh L. Qualitative and quantitative determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fine particulate matter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 55:498-509. [PMID: 31847692 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1701896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A GC-MS method in SIM mode is proposed for routine analysis of nineteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm. The latter is collected on Whatman® QM-A quartz filters via OPSIS SM200 sampler during autumn and spring periods at two different points, i.e. the one affected from communal and industry sectors and the other affected mainly from the transportation sector. In order to recover PAHs of interest ultrasonic assisted extraction is employed by utilization of various solvents. Accuracy data of the developed analytical method are within acceptable limits for the studied concentration range, i.e. trueness 60.0-120.0% and precision < 20.0%. The elaborated methodology is characterized by advantages such as short extraction time, low solvent and reagent consumption and simplified cleaning and is successfully applied to airborne PM10, collected in the urban area of Burgas, Bulgaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- St Naydenova
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Assen Zlatarov University, Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - A Veli
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Assen Zlatarov University, Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Z Mustafa
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Assen Zlatarov University, Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - L Gonsalvesh
- Central Scientific Research Laboratory, Assen Zlatarov University, Burgas, Bulgaria
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29
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Egres AG, Hatje V, Gallucci F, Machado ME, Barros F. Effects of an experimental oil spill on the structure and function of benthic assemblages with different history of exposure to oil perturbation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 152:104822. [PMID: 31668831 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the short-term effects of a diesel oil spill on the strucure and function of nematode and macrobenthic assemblages between tidal flats with different history of exposure to oil perturbation. A manipulative field experiment was conducted, where oil exposed treatments were contrasted with controls, during four successive times, two before and two after the oil spills. During the oil spill the death and the presence of diverse debilitated macrofaunal organisms were observed in the oil treatments. However, 24 h later no significant changes were identified, suggesting that the impacted plots were quickly recolonized. Nematode assemblages showed a decrease in overall density and an increase of r-strategist traits such as non-selective deposit feeders and colonizers at perturbed treatments from one of the historically non-perturbed tidal flats. We discuss the mechanisms responsible by distinctive patterns of response observed between the two benthic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Gonzalez Egres
- Laboratório de Ecologia Bentônica (LEB), Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, Salvador, 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Hatje
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Gallucci
- Instituto do Mar da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Santos, São Paulo, 11030-400, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, Salvador, 40170-115, BA, Brazil
| | - Francisco Barros
- Laboratório de Ecologia Bentônica (LEB), Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente (CIEnAm), Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Campus de Ondina, Salvador, 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil
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30
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Simple and effective dispersive micro-solid phase extraction procedure for simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds in fresh and marine waters. Talanta 2019; 204:776-791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Zhou Y, Lian Y, Sun X, Fu L, Duan S, Shang C, Jia X, Wu Y, Wang M. Determination of 20 perfluoroalkyl substances in greenhouse vegetables with a modified one-step pretreatment approach coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS-MS). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:470-479. [PMID: 31003132 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new rapid modified one-step QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) approach was developed for the simultaneous determination of 20 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from samples of cucumber, lettuce, eggplant, tomato, and leek. Several parameters were optimized. Similar pretreatment approaches were employed for comparison; the results verified the satisfactory performance of this new method. The detection limits of this method for the selected matrices ranged from 0.003 to 0.034 μg kg-1, and the method was verified to be satisfactory in terms of precision, accuracy, and matrix effects. 35 greenhouse vegetable samples were determined. PFASs were detected in 26 samples, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) being detected most frequently and much higher levels of PFBA and PFPeA being found in some samples. The total PFAS concentrations ranged from not detectable to 0.683 μg kg-1. This method could be applied for large scale determination of vegetables to research the migration and accumulation trends of PFASs from the environment to crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Yujing Lian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Lin Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Suran Duan
- Jining Center for Food and Control, Jining, 272000, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Shang
- Jining Center for Food and Control, Jining, 272000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China
| | - Yongning Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China; China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100017, PR China
| | - Minglin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271001, PR China.
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32
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Silva IR, Ramos MCAS, Arantes LMRB, Lengert AVH, Oliveira MA, Cury FP, Martins Pereira G, Santos AG, Barbosa F, Vasconcellos PC, Cuenin C, Herceg Z, Silveira HCS. Evaluation of DNA Methylation Changes and Micronuclei in Workers Exposed to a Construction Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E902. [PMID: 30871143 PMCID: PMC6466300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methylation levels in tumor-suppressor genes and repetitive sequences have previously been used to study the relationship between environmental air pollution and epigenetic changes related to cancer. In this study, we measured the methylation profiles of the promoter regions CDKN2A, MLH1 and APC and the repetitive sequence LINE-1 in 59 workers exposed to the construction environment and in 49 unexposed workers. We also evaluated the micronuclei frequency and levels of trace elements in the blood of all workers. We evaluated of levels of particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the construction site to characterize the environmental exposure. Our findings demonstrated that exposed workers exhibited significantly higher average levels of promoter methylation of CDKN2A, APC, and MLH1 genes and increased hypomethylation of the LINE-1 in comparison to unexposed workers (all p < 0.05). A higher frequency of micronuclei was observed in the exposed group (2 ± 2) compared to the unexposed group (1 ± 1) with p < 0.001. High levels of particulate matter (51⁻841 μg/m³) and some PAHs were found in samples from the construction environment. In summary, we provide evidence of increased DNA damage and altered DNA methylation of exposed workers, suggesting that genomic approaches to biomonitoring may be an effective way of estimating future cancer risk for construction workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isana R Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Manoela C A S Ramos
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lídia M R B Arantes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - André V H Lengert
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marco A Oliveira
- Center for Research Support (NAP), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda P Cury
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Fernando Barbosa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Henrique C S Silveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil.
- University of Cuiabá, Campus Beira Rio, Cuiabá 78008-000, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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33
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Santos AG, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB. Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1. [PMID: 30626917 PMCID: PMC6327027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3870] [Impact Index Per Article: 774.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are known due to their mutagenic activity. Among them, 2-nitrobenzanthrone (2-NBA) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) are considered as two of the most potent mutagens found in atmospheric particles. In the present study 2-NBA, 3-NBA and selected PAHs and Nitro-PAHs were determined in fine particle samples (PM 2.5) collected in a bus station and an outdoor site. The fuel used by buses was a diesel-biodiesel (96:4) blend and light-duty vehicles run with any ethanol-to-gasoline proportion. The concentrations of 2-NBA and 3-NBA were, on average, under 14.8 µg g−1 and 4.39 µg g−1, respectively. In order to access the main sources and formation routes of these compounds, we performed ternary correlations and multivariate statistical analyses. The main sources for the studied compounds in the bus station were diesel/biodiesel exhaust followed by floor resuspension. In the coastal site, vehicular emission, photochemical formation and wood combustion were the main sources for 2-NBA and 3-NBA as well as the other PACs. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were calculated for both places, which presented low values, showing low cancer risk incidence although the ILCR values for the bus station were around 2.5 times higher than the ILCR from the coastal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldenor G Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele O da Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.,Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil. .,SENAI-CIMATEC University Center, 41650-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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dos Santos RR, Vidotti Leal LD, de Lourdes Cardeal Z, Menezes HC. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives in coffee brews using an efficient cold fiber-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1584:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Santos LO, Santos AG, de Andrade JB. Methodology to examine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) nitrated PAHs and oxygenated PAHs in sediments of the Paraguaçu River (Bahia, Brazil). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:248-256. [PMID: 30509805 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods for determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in sediments usually require large sample sizes (grams) and solvent volumes (at least 100 mL) through the employment of Soxhlet extraction, which is both time (hours) and energy consuming, among other disadvantages. We developed a new analytical protocol for the determination of PACs in sediments using microextraction, which requires small sample masses (25 mg), 500 μL of acetonitrile-dichloromethane mix and sonication for 23 min, followed by GC-MS analysis. The method was validated using the certified reference material SRM 1941b - NIST organic marine sediment, as well as internal deuterated standards. Seventeen PAHs, seven nitro-PAHs and one quinone were detected and quantified. The mean concentrations were 90.4 ng g-1 for PAHs, 179.2 ng g-1 for nitro-PAHs and 822.5 ng g-1 for quinones. The proposed method showed good sensitivity, linearity, precision and accuracy for the determination of PAC in sediments samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Oliveira Santos
- Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, 45613-204 Itabuna, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Canela, 40110-040 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Aldenor Gomes Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Canela, 40110-040 Salvador, BA, Brazil; INCT de Energia e Ambiente, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Canela, 40110-040 Salvador, BA, Brazil; INCT de Energia e Ambiente, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; SENAI-CIMATEC University Center, 41650-110 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
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Raza N, Hashemi B, Kim KH, Lee SH, Deep A. Aromatic hydrocarbons in air, water, and soil: Sampling and pretreatment techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Darvishnejad M, Ebrahimzadeh H. Magnetic halloysite nanotube/polyaniline/copper composite coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: A rapid approach for determination of nitro-phenanthrenes in water and soil samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1563:1-9. [PMID: 29880215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A fast, sensitive and reliable ultrasound-assisted magnetic dispersive solid-phase microextraction (UAMDSPME) setup was developed and evaluated for the enrichment of nitro- phenanthrenes compound in environmental samples prior to GC-MS determination. A new type of nanocomposite sorbent was made based on halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). HNTs is a type of natural material, have attracted great interest because of their large surface area and high chemical and thermal stability. The hybrid nanocomposite (magnetic HNT@PANI@Cu) was obtained by coating the magnetic HNTs by polyaniline (PANI) and afterwards decorating with metalic copper. Its morphology and surface properties were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. In this work several factors that may affect the extraction efficiencies such as desorption solvent type and its volume, sonication times for extraction and desorption, sorbent amount, organic modifier content, salt concentration and matrix effect were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 0.25 ng L-1 and the linearity was in the range of 0.01-100 μg L-1. The method precision expressed as relative standard deviations (RSDs%) were 4.6-6.1% (intra-day), and 7.2-9.6% (inter-day). Finally, the presented method was successfully applied to the rapid determination of trace levels of nitro-phenanthrenes in spiked water and soil samples.
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Roper C, Simonich SLM, Tanguay RL. Development of a high-throughput in vivo screening platform for particulate matter exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:993-1005. [PMID: 29751403 PMCID: PMC5951187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure is a public health burden with poorly understood health effect mechanisms and lacking an efficient model to compare the vast diversity of PM exposures. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are amenable to high-throughput screening (HTS), but few studies have investigated PM toxicity in zebrafish, despite the multitude of advantages. To develop standardized exposure procedures, the urban PM standard reference material (SRM) 1649b was used to systematically determine sample preparation methods, design experimental controls, determine concentration ranges and evaluation procedures. Embryos (n = 32/treatment) were dechorionated and placed into 96-well plates containing SRM1649b (0-200 μg/mL) at 6 h post fertilization (hpf). Developmental toxicity was assessed at 24 and 120 hpf by evaluating morphological changes, embryonic/larval photomotor behavior, and mortality. Differences from blank medium and particle controls were observed for all biological responses measured. Differences due to SRM1649b concentration and preparation method were also observed. Exposure to SRM1649b from DMSO extraction was associated with changes in morphology and mortality and hypoactivity in photomotor responses compared to the DMSO control for the whole particle suspension (76, 68%) and soluble fraction (59, 54%) during the embryonic and larval stages, respectively. Changes in behavioral responses were not observed following exposure to the insoluble fraction of SRM1649b from DMSO extraction. The toxicity bias from PM preparation provided further impetus to select a single HTS exposure method. Based on the biological activity results, the soluble fraction of SRM1649b from DMSO extraction was selected and shown to have concentration dependent cyp1a/GFP expression. This rapid, sensitive and consistently scalable model is a potentially cost-effective vertebrate approach to study the toxicology of PM from diverse locations, and provides a path to identifying the toxic material(s) in these samples, and discover the mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Roper
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1011 ALS Bldg., Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States
| | - Staci L Massey Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1011 ALS Bldg., Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States; Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1011 ALS Bldg., Corvallis, OR, 97331, United States.
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Li C, Tang H, Chen D, Ye C, Li L. An Integrated Ultrasonic Extraction and Cleanup Procedure for Determining PAHs and NPAHs in Ambient Air Particulates. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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In situ hydrothermal growth of a zirconium-based porphyrinic metal-organic framework on stainless steel fibers for solid-phase microextraction of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Santos LO, dos Anjos JP, Ferreira SL, de Andrade JB. Simultaneous determination of PAHS, nitro-PAHS and quinones in surface and groundwater samples using SDME/GC-MS. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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42
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Nascimento MM, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB. Pesticides in fine airborne particles: from a green analysis method to atmospheric characterization and risk assessment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2267. [PMID: 28536439 PMCID: PMC5442112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensive use of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and acaricides has been lead to ubiquitous contamination, being present not only in soils, water bodies and/or crops, but also in the atmosphere. Considering the massive amount of pesticides employed globally, together to their persistence, this may be an important concern regarding air quality and human health worldwide. In the present study we developed a green sensitive sample preparation method for determination of nine organophosphates, two pyrethroids, one carbamate, and one strobirulin in PM2.5 collected in a tropical coastal area in the Southern Hemisphere for the first time. Extraction of PM2.5 sample masses, as low as 206 µg, were performed in a miniaturized device using 500 μL of a mixture containing 18% acetonitrile in dichloromethane followed by sonication for 23 minutes and injection into GC-MS. A total of 12 pesticides were identified and quantified successfully, among them, eight banned pesticides. A risk assessment exposure and cancer risk for possible carcinogenic pesticides (bifenthrin, malathion, parathion and permethrin) were performed for exposure of adults, children and infants. Hazard Quotient and cumulative exposure for organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides were less than 1, showing that cumulative risk is within acceptable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson M Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador-BA, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele O da Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador-BA, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador-BA, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Sheng K, Lu J. Typical airborne quinones modulate oxidative stress and cytokine expression in lung epithelial A549 cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:127-134. [PMID: 27768525 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1237127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quinones that exist in ambient particulate matter (PM) are hypothesized to be associated with adverse health effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the impacts of the quinones on the inflammatory processes have yet to be clearly understood. In this study, we examined the oxidative potentials and biological effects of typical airborne quinones in the human lung epithelial A549 cells. Significant change of redox status, loss of mitochondrial membrane potentials (△Ψ) and increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were induced by exposure to quinones. Some pro-inflammatory genes including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1); two aromatic hydrocarbon receptor-regulated genes, cytochromes P450 1A1 (Cyp1a1) and cytochromes P450 1B1 (Cyp1b1); and oxidative stress-related gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were up-regulated after quinones treatment. Among these quinones, 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) up-regulated expressions of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Cyp1a1, and HO-1; 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) up-regulated MCP-1, Cyp1b1, Cyp1a1, and HO-1; 2-methylanthraquinone (MAQ) up-regulated IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, Cyp1b1, and Cyp1a1; acenaphthenequinone (ACQ) up-regulated IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1, Cyp1b1, and Cyp1a1. These results suggested that all these five quinones had a considerable pro-inflammatory potential by inducing oxidative stress and releasing different types of cytokines/chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sheng
- a Department of Gerontology , Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiahuan Lu
- a Department of Gerontology , Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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Beristain-Montiel E, Villalobos-Pietrini R, Arias-Loaiza G, Gómez-Arroyo S, Amador-Muñoz O. An innovative ultrasound assisted extraction micro-scale cell combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionization to determine persistent organic pollutants in air particulate matter. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1477:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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45
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Hayakawa K, Tang N, Toriba A. Recent analytical methods for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuichi Hayakawa
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology; Kanazawa University; Japan
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology; Kanazawa University; Japan
| | - Akira Toriba
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Japan
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46
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Determination of particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1472:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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