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Eeltink S, De Vos J, Desmet G. Toward Unrivaled Chromatographic Resolving Power in Proteomics: Design and Development of Comprehensive Spatial Three-Dimensional Liquid-Phase Separation Technology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:475-493. [PMID: 38424031 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061522-044510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Spatial comprehensive three-dimensional chromatography (3D-LC) offers an innovative approach to achieve unprecedented resolving power in terms of peak capacity and sample throughput. This advanced technique separates components within a 3D separation space, where orthogonal retention mechanisms are incorporated. The parallel development of the second- and third-dimension stages effectively overcomes the inherent limitation of conventional multidimensional approaches, where sampled fractions are analyzed sequentially. This review focuses on the design aspects of the microchip for spatial 3D-LC and the selection of orthogonal separation modes to enable the analysis of intact proteins. The design considerations for the flow distributor and channel layout are discussed, along with various approaches to confine the flow during the subsequent development stages. Additionally, the integration of stationary phases into the microchip is addressed, and interfacing to mass spectrometry detection is discussed. According to Pareto optimality, the integration of isoelectric focusing, size-exclusion chromatography, and reversed-phase chromatography in a spatial 3D-LC approach is predicted to achieve an exceptional peak capacity of over 30,000 within a 1-h analysis, setting a new benchmark in chromatographic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Eeltink
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jelle De Vos
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
- 2Current affiliation: RIC Group, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Gert Desmet
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
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2
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Kosmáková A, Zajickova Z, Urban J. Characterization of hybrid organo-silica monoliths for possible application in the gradient elution of peptides. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300617. [PMID: 37880902 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We characterized thermally polymerized organo-silica hybrid monolithic capillaries to test their applicability in the gradient elution of peptides. We have used a single-pot approach utilizing 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), and n-octadecyl methacrylate (ODM) as functional monomers. The organo-silica monolith containing MPTMS and EDMA was compared with the stationary phase prepared by adding ODM to the original polymerization mixture. Column prepared using a three-monomer system provided a lower accessible volume of flow-through pores, a higher proportion of mesopores, and higher efficiency. We utilized isocratic and gradient elution data to predict peak widths in gradient elution. Both protocols provided comparable results and can be used for peptide peak width prediction. However, applying gradient elution data for peak width prediction seems simpler. Finally, we tested the effect of gradient time on achievable peak capacity in the gradient elution of peptides with a column prepared with a three-monomer system providing a higher peak capacity. However, the performance of hybrid organo-silica monolithic stationary phases in gradient elution of peptides must be improved compared to other monolithic stationary phases. The limiting factor is column efficiency in highly aqueous mobile phases, which needs to be focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kosmáková
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Zajickova
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida, USA
| | - Jiří Urban
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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De Los Santos-González BE, Ibarra-Herrera CC, Valencia-Gallegos JA, Mata-Gómez MA, González-Valdez J. A monolithic stationary phase with dendritic nanostructures for the separation of PEGylated proteins. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1989-1999. [PMID: 37605320 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Separation of PEGylated protein mixtures into individual species is a challenging procedure, and many efforts have been focused on creating novel chromatographic supports for this purpose. In this study, a new monolithic stationary phase with hyperbranched nanostructures was chemically synthesized. For this, monoliths with a support matrix of poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) and ethylenediamine chemistry were modified with third-generation dendrons with butyl-end groups. The new monolith was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, confirming the dendron with butyl ligands and exhibited low mass transfer resistance as observed by breakthrough frontal analysis. This support was able to separate mono-PEG ribonuclease A from the PEGylation mixture, indicated by a single band (∼30 kDa) in the electrophoretic analysis. Moreover, the separation of mono-PEGylated positional isomers was probably observed, as the protein with ∼30 kDa was found in two separate peaks. Interestingly, the dendronized monolith allowed the separation of the reaction mixture into individual PEGylated species when using high ammonium sulfate concentrations (2 M). A correlation between the PEGylation degree and the strength of the hydrophobic interactions on the monolith was observed. This chromatographic approach combines the natural branched architecture of dendrons and the higher capabilities of the monoliths enhancing the hydrophobic surface area, and therefore the interaction between the PEGylated proteins and ligands. Thus, the novel support represents a novel platform for the purification of PEGylated from non-PEGylated proteins with biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celeste C Ibarra-Herrera
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Jesús A Valencia-Gallegos
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
| | - Marco A Mata-Gómez
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - José González-Valdez
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo, León, México
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4
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Greguš M, Ivanov AR, Wilson SR. Ultralow flow liquid chromatography and related approaches: A focus on recent bioanalytical applications. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300440. [PMID: 37528733 PMCID: PMC11087205 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultralow flow LC employs ultra-narrow bore columns and mid-range pL/min to low nL/min flow rates (i.e., ≤20 nL/min). The separation columns that are used under these conditions are typically 2-30 μm in inner diameter. Ultralow flow LC systems allow for exceptionally high sensitivity and frequently high resolution. There has been an increasing interest in the analysis of scarce biological samples, for example, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, organelles, and single cells, and ultralow flow LC was efficiently applied to such samples. Hence, advances towards dedicated ultralow flow LC instrumentation, technical approaches, and higher throughput (e.g., tens-to-hundreds of single cells analyzed per day) were recently made. Here, we review the types of ultralow flow LC technology, followed by a discussion of selected representative ultralow flow LC applications, focusing on the progress made in bioanalysis of amount-limited samples during the last 10 years. We also discuss several recently reported high-sensitivity applications utilizing flow rates up to 100 nL/min, which are below commonly used nanoLC flow rates. Finally, we discuss the path forward for future developments of ultralow flow LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Greguš
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven Ray Wilson
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Qiu D, Liu G, Li F, Kang J. Determination of 5-methyldeoxycytosine and oxidized derivatives by nano-liquid chromatography with zwitterionic monolithic capillary column. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1693:463895. [PMID: 36857983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic modifications at the 5-carbon of cytosine to form 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5mdC). In mammalian cells, 5mdC can be transferred to 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5hmdC) by ten-eleven translocation (TET), and 5hmdC is further oxidized to 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5fodC) and 5-carboxyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5cadC). In the present work, we developed a highly sensitive nano liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 5mC and 5hmC with zwitterionic monolithic capillary column. The conditions for the preparation of zwitterionic monolithic capillary column were systematically optimized. The monolithic capillary column displayed high column efficiency for nucleoside dA (190,000 plates/m) and allowed the baseline separation of 10 standard nucleosides in HILIC mode. The detection sensitivity was improved significantly by using the large volume injection combined with sample stacking onto the head of the column when sample was dissolved in high content organic solvent (ACN: H2O = 97:3). The limit of detection for 5mdC and 5hmdC were determined as 4 nM and 3 nM, respectively, and the corresponding limit of quantification were determined as 12 nM and 10 nM, respectively. Further, the zwitterionic monolithic capillary column can be easily utilized in nano-LC and mass spectrometry coupling for qualitative analysis of 5mdC, 5hmdC, 5fodC and 5cadC in real mouse brain sample. The whole genomic DNA methylation levels in mouse brain sample can be easily determined with UV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danye Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Road 345, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guizhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Road 345, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Food Safety Testing and Risk Assessment, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Jingwu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Road 345, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Nickerson JL, Baghalabadi V, Rajendran SRCK, Jakubec PJ, Said H, McMillen TS, Dang Z, Doucette AA. Recent advances in top-down proteome sample processing ahead of MS analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:457-495. [PMID: 34047392 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Top-down proteomics is emerging as a preferred approach to investigate biological systems, with objectives ranging from the detailed assessment of a single protein therapeutic, to the complete characterization of every possible protein including their modifications, which define the human proteoform. Given the controlling influence of protein modifications on their biological function, understanding how gene products manifest or respond to disease is most precisely achieved by characterization at the intact protein level. Top-down mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of proteins entails unique challenges associated with processing whole proteins while maintaining their integrity throughout the processes of extraction, enrichment, purification, and fractionation. Recent advances in each of these critical front-end preparation processes, including minimalistic workflows, have greatly expanded the capacity of MS for top-down proteome analysis. Acknowledging the many contributions in MS technology and sample processing, the present review aims to highlight the diverse strategies that have forged a pathway for top-down proteomics. We comprehensively discuss the evolution of front-end workflows that today facilitate optimal characterization of proteoform-driven biology, including a brief description of the clinical applications that have motivated these impactful contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venus Baghalabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Subin R C K Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Verschuren Centre for Sustainability in Energy and the Environment, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Philip J Jakubec
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hammam Said
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Teresa S McMillen
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ziheng Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alan A Doucette
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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7
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Aydoğan C, Beltekin B, Alharthi S, Ağca CA, Erdoğan İY. Nano-liquid chromatography with monolithic stationary phase based on naphthyl monomer for proteomics analysis. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1690:463804. [PMID: 36689803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Monolithic poly(2-vinylnaphthalene-co-divinylbenzene) columns were introduced, for the first time, and were evaluated as the separation media for nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). These columns were prepared by in-situ polymerization of 2-vinylnaphthalene (2-VNA) as the functional monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB) as the crosslinker in a fused silica capillary column of 50 µm i.d. Various porogenic solvents, including tetrahydrofuran (THF), dodecanol and toluene were used for morphology optimization. Final monolithic column (referred to as VNA column) was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chromatographic analyses. Alkylbenzenes (ABs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were separated using the VNA column while the column offered excellent hydrophobic and π-π interactions under reversed-phase conditions. Theoretical plates number up to 41,200 plates/m in isocratic mode for ethylbenzene could be achieved. The potential of the final VNA column was demonstrated with a gradient elution in the separation of six intact proteins, including ribonuclease A (RNase A), cytochrome C (Cyt C), lysozyme (Lys), β-lactoglobulin (β-lac), myoglobin (My) and α-chymotrypsinogen (α-chym) in nano LC system. The column was then applied to the peptide analysis of trypsin digested cytochrome C, allowing a high peak capacity up to 1440 and the further proteomics analysis of COS-7 cell line was attempted applying the final monolithic column in nano-LC UV system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye; Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye; Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye.
| | - Büşra Beltekin
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - Sarah Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Can Ali Ağca
- Department of Molecular Biology, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - İbrahim Y Erdoğan
- Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye; Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
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8
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Liang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Chromatographic separation of peptides and proteins for characterization of proteomes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:270-281. [PMID: 36504223 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05568f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of proteomes aims to comprehensively characterize proteins in cells or tissues via two main strategies: (1) bottom-up strategy based on the separation and identification of enzymatic peptides; (2) top-down strategy based on the separation and identification of intact proteins. However, it is challenged by the high complexity of proteomes. Consequently, the improvements in peptide and protein separation technologies for simplifying the sample should be critical. In this feature article, separation columns for peptide and protein separation were introduced, and peptide separation technologies for bottom-up proteomic analysis as well as protein separation technologies for top-down proteomic analysis were summarized. The achievement, recent development, limitation and future trends are discussed. Besides, the outlook on challenges and future directions of chromatographic separation in the field of proteomics was also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Lenčo J, Jadeja S, Naplekov DK, Krokhin OV, Khalikova MA, Chocholouš P, Urban J, Broeckhoven K, Nováková L, Švec F. Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography of Peptides for Bottom-Up Proteomics: A Tutorial. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2846-2892. [PMID: 36355445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The performance of the current bottom-up liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses has undoubtedly been fueled by spectacular progress in mass spectrometry. It is thus not surprising that the MS instrument attracts the most attention during LC-MS method development, whereas optimizing conditions for peptide separation using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) remains somewhat in its shadow. Consequently, the wisdom of the fundaments of chromatography is slowly vanishing from some laboratories. However, the full potential of advanced MS instruments cannot be achieved without highly efficient RPLC. This is impossible to attain without understanding fundamental processes in the chromatographic system and the properties of peptides important for their chromatographic behavior. We wrote this tutorial intending to give practitioners an overview of critical aspects of peptide separation using RPLC to facilitate setting the LC parameters so that they can leverage the full capabilities of their MS instruments. After briefly introducing the gradient separation of peptides, we discuss their properties that affect the quality of LC-MS chromatograms the most. Next, we address the in-column and extra-column broadening. The last section is devoted to key parameters of LC-MS methods. We also extracted trends in practice from recent bottom-up proteomics studies and correlated them with the current knowledge on peptide RPLC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Lenčo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Siddharth Jadeja
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Denis K Naplekov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg V Krokhin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, WinnipegR3E 3P4, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maria A Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chocholouš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Urban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050Brussel, Belgium
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Capillary monolithic columns based on poly(styrene-divinylbenzene-methacrylic acid) copolymer for liquid chromatography and electrochromatography. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Nonspecific adsorption evaluation and general minimization strategy in peptide analysis based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Se Pu 2022; 40:616-624. [PMID: 35791600 PMCID: PMC9404093 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
蛋白质组学技术在多肽和蛋白质类新型治疗药物的开发、临床诊断生物标志物的深入发掘中应用广泛。然而,多肽和蛋白质类大分子的非特异性吸附性质给分析方法的开发带来极大挑战,亟须一种通用型的策略去评估和降低非特异吸附对超高效液相色谱-质谱(UPLC-MS)大分子检测造成的负面影响。研究以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型,探讨其酶解后多肽组理化性质与吸附程度之间的相关性;根据肽段的响应和吸附程度设计分级策略;针对高响应、强吸附的Class Ⅱ类肽段,从样品制备中离心管、进样瓶的选择,乃至液相色谱系统中色谱柱固定相、流速、梯度、柱温、洗针液的选择全过程设计试验,探讨非特异吸附的影响因素及其通用型最小化策略。结果显示,肽段的被吸附程度与其理化参数HPLC指数(HPLC Index)、肽段长度等显著相关(p<0.05),但仅凭上述参数仅能解释30%肽段的被吸附程度。改性的聚丙烯材料可使肽段溶液在储存或前处理过程中获得较高的回收率(24 h内回收率大于80%)。在对液相色谱条件的考察和优化过程中发现,C8填料的色谱柱、高流速、缓梯度以及强洗针液,可使残留量降至最低(降低为原来的1/150)。柱温对残留的影响在肽段间存在较大个体差异,需要对不同的肽段具体分析以得到较少量的残留。研究以详实的数据考察并最小化模型肽段组在分析过程中的非特异吸附,提示了蛋白质类大分子药物分析方法建立中应重点关注的影响因素及其有效的解决方案。
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12
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Aydoğan C, Erdoğan İY, El-Rassi Z. Hydrophobic AEROSIL®R972 Fumed Silica Nanoparticles Incorporated Monolithic Nano-Columns for Small Molecule and Protein Separation by Nano-Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072306. [PMID: 35408705 PMCID: PMC9000833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new feature of hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles (HFSNPs) when they apply to the preparation of monolithic nano-columns using narrow monolithic fused silica capillary columns (e.g., 50-µm inner diameter) was presented. The monolithic nano-columns were synthesized by an in-situ polymerization using butyl methacrylate (BMA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) at various concentrations of AEROSIL®R972, called HFSNPs. Dimethyl formamide (DMF) and water were used as the porogenic solvents. These columns (referred to as HFSNP monoliths) were successfully characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and reversed-phase nano-LC using alkylbenzenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons as solute probes. The reproducibility values based on run-to-run, column-to-column and batch-to-batch were found as 2.3%, 2.48% and 2.99% (n = 3), respectively. The optimized column also indicated promising hydrophobic interactions under reversed-phase conditions, while the feasibility of the column allowed high efficiency and high throughput nano-LC separations. The potential of the final HFSNP monolith in relation to intact protein separation was successfully demonstrated using six intact proteins, including ribonuclease A, cytochrome C, carbonic anhydrase isozyme II, lysozyme, myoglobin, and α-chymotrypsinogen A in nano-LC. The results showed that HFSNP-based monolithic nanocolumns are promising materials and are powerful tools for sensitive separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
- Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-426-216-19-58; Fax: +90-426-216-00-33
| | - İbrahim Y. Erdoğan
- Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey
| | - Ziad El-Rassi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
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Kumari M, Tetala KKR. A review on recent advances in the enrichment of glycopeptides and glycoproteins by liquid chromatographic methods: 2016-Present. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:388-402. [PMID: 34757643 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Among various protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), glycosylation has received special attention due to its immense role in molecular interactions, cellular signal transduction, immune response, etc. Aberration in glycan moieties of a glycoprotein is associated with cancer, diabetes, and bacterial and viral infections. In biofluids (plasma, saliva, urine, milk, etc.), glycoproteins are low in abundance and are masked by the presence of high abundant proteins. Hence, prior to their identification using mass spectrometry methods, liquid chromatography (LC)-based approaches were widely used. A general enrichment strategy involves a protein digestion step, followed by LC-based enrichment and desorption of glycopeptides, and enzymatic excision of the glycans. The focus of this review article is to highlight the articles published since 2016 that dealt with different LC-based approaches for glycopeptide and glycoprotein enrichment. The preparation of stationary phases, their surface activation, and ligand immobilization strategies have been discussed in detail. Finally, the major developments and future trends in the field have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kumari
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kishore K R Tetala
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
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14
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Ahmed A, Myers P, Zhang H. Silica Microspheres-in-Pores Composite Monoliths with Fluorescence and Potential for Water Remediation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2681. [PMID: 34685124 PMCID: PMC8537733 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Water pollution is a severe worldwide issue. Constructing advanced porous composite materials has been an efficient route to water remediation via adsorption. In this study, a unique microspheres-in-pores monolithic structure was fabricated. An emulsion-templated polymer monolith was first prepared and silica microspheres were subsequently formed in the porous polymer. A silica precursor was modified with a fluorescent dye and co-condensed with other precursors to fabricate porous composites with fluorescent properties, which were enhanced by the presence of Ag nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. This unique material showed good promise in water remediation by removing organic dyes and heavy metal ions from wastewater via a flowing filter or monolithic column separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK; (A.A.); (P.M.)
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Runcorn WA7 1TA, UK
| | - Peter Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK; (A.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK; (A.A.); (P.M.)
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15
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Günyel Z, Aslan H, Demir N, Aydoğan C. Nano-liquid chromatography with a new nano-structured monolithic nanocolumn for proteomics analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3996-4004. [PMID: 34499809 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation and application of a new nano-structured monolithic nanocolumn based on modified graphene oxide using narrow fused silica capillary column (e.g., 50 μm internal diameter). The nanocolumn was prepared by an in situ polymerization using butyl methacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, and methacryloyl graphene oxide nanoparticles. Dimethyl formamide and water were used as the porogenic solvent. After polymerization, the obtained nanocolumn was coated with dimethyloctadecylchlorosilane in order to enhance the hydrophobicity. Both isocratic and gradient nano-liquid chromatographic separations for small molecules (e.g., alkylbenzenes) and macromolecules (e.g., intact proteins) were performed. Theoretical plates number up to 3600 plates/m in isocratic mode for propylbenzene were achieved. It was demonstrated that the feasibility of graphene oxide modified monolithic nanocolumn for high-efficiency and high-throughput nanoscale proteomics analysis. The high resolving power of monolithic nanocolumn yielded sensitive protein separation with narrower peak width while a high-resolution analysis of peptides from trypsin-digested cytochrome C could be obtained. Graphene oxide based monolithic nanocolumns are promising and can allow to powerful tools for trace proteom sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Günyel
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Hakiye Aslan
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Demir
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Cemil Aydoğan
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey.,Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
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16
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Yao T, Xu X, Huang R. Recent Advances about the Applications of Click Reaction in Chemical Proteomics. Molecules 2021; 26:5368. [PMID: 34500797 PMCID: PMC8434046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in biological and analytical approaches, a comprehensive portrait of the proteome and its dynamic interactions and modifications remains a challenging goal. Chemical proteomics is a growing area of chemical biology that seeks to design small molecule probes to elucidate protein composition, distribution, and relevant physiological and pharmacological functions. Click chemistry focuses on the development of new combinatorial chemical methods for carbon heteroatom bond (C-X-C) synthesis, which have been utilized extensively in the field of chemical proteomics. Click reactions have various advantages including high yield, harmless by-products, and simple reaction conditions, upon which the molecular diversity can be easily and effectively obtained. This paper reviews the application of click chemistry in proteomics from four aspects: (1) activity-based protein profiling, (2) enzyme-inhibitors screening, (3) protein labeling and modifications, and (4) hybrid monolithic column in proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China;
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17
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Themelis T, Amini A, De Vos J, Eeltink S. Towards spatial comprehensive three-dimensional liquid chromatography: A tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1148:238157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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LI Z, LI N, ZHAO T, ZHANG Z, WANG M. [Fabrication of nanomaterials incorporated polymeric monoliths and application in sample pretreatment]. Se Pu 2021; 39:229-240. [PMID: 34227305 PMCID: PMC9403804 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric monolithic columns are fabricated by in situ polymerization of the corresponding monomer, crosslinkers, porogenic solvents and radical initiators within a mold. Compared with the conventional packed solid phase extraction adsorbents, polymeric monolithic columns with a continuous porous structure process distinctive advantages of rapid mass transfer and excellent permeability, which facilitates the extraction of trace amounts of the target from the matrix even at high flow velocities. Besides, these materials can be easily fabricated in situ within various cartridges, avoiding a further packing step associated with packed particulate adsorbents. Additionally, the abundant monomer availability, flexible porous structure, and wide applicable pH range make monoliths versatile for use in separation science. Thus, polymeric monolithic columns have been increasingly applied as efficient and promising extraction media for sample pretreatment food, pharmaceutical, biological and environmental analyses. However, these materials usually have the difficulty in morphology control and their interconnected porous micro-globular structure, which may result in low porosity, limited specific surface area and poor efficiency. In addition, polymeric monoliths suffer from the swelling in organic solvents, thus decreasing the service life and precision while increasing the cost consumption. Recently, the development of nanomaterial-incorporated polymeric monoliths with an improved ordered structure, enhanced adsorption efficiency and outstanding selectivity has attracted considerable attention. Nanoparticles are considered as particulates within the size range of 1-100 nm in at least one dimension, which endows them with unique optical, electrical and magnetic properties. These materials have a large surface area, excellent thermal and chemical stabilities, remarkable versatility, as well as a wide variety of active functional groups on their surface. With the aim of exploiting these advantages, researchers have shown great interest in applying nanomaterial-incorporated polymeric monoliths to separation science. Accordingly, significant progress has been achieved in this field. Nanomaterials can be entrapped via the direct synthesis of a polymerization solution that contains well dispersed nanomaterials in porogens. In addition, nanoparticles can be incorporated into the monolithic matrix by copolymerization and post-polymerization modification via specific interactions. Therefore, nanomaterial-incorporated polymeric monoliths combined the different shapes, chemical properties, and physical properties of the polymers with those of the nanoparticles. The presence of nanoparticles can improve the structural rigidity as well as the thermal and chemical stabilities of monolithic adsorbents. Besides, nanoparticles are capable of increasing the specific surface area and providing multiple active sites, which leads to enhanced extraction performance and selectivity of polymeric monolithic materials. In recent years, diverse types of nanomaterials, such as carbonaceous nanoparticles, metallic materials and metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks and inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively explored as hybrid adsorbents in the modes of solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorption extraction and on-line solid phase extraction. This review specifically summarizes the fabrication methods for nanomaterial incorporated polymeric monoliths and their application to the field of sample pretreatment. The existing challenges and future possible perspectives in the field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling LI
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Na LI
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Tengwen ZHAO
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Ziyang ZHANG
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Manman WANG
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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19
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Broeckhoven K, Desmet G. Advances and Innovations in Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phase Supports. Anal Chem 2020; 93:257-272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Broeckhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. Desmet
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Sun F, Bai L, Li M, Yu C, Liu H, Qiao X, Yan H. Fabrication of edge-curled petals-like covalent organic frameworks and their properties for extracting indole alkaloids from complex biological samples. J Pharm Anal 2020; 12:96-103. [PMID: 35573883 PMCID: PMC9073138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a functionalized covalent-organic framework (COF) was first synthesized using porphyrin as the fabrication unit and showed an edge-curled, petal-like and well-ordered structure. The synthesized COF was then introduced to prepare porous organic polymer monolithic materials (POPMs). Two composite POPM/COF monolithic materials with rod shapes, referred to as sorbent A and sorbent B, were prepared in stainless steel tubes using different monomers. Sorbents A and B exhibited relatively uniform porous structures and enhanced specific surface areas of 153.14 m2/g and 80.01 m2/g, respectively. The prepared composite monoliths were used as in-tube solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents combined with HPLC for the on-line extraction and quantitative analytical systems. Indole alkaloids (from Catharanthus roseus G. Don and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. Ex Havil.) contained in mouse plasma were extracted and quantitatively analyzed using the online system. The two composite multifunctional monoliths showed excellent clean-up ability for complex biological matrices, as well as superior selectivity for target indole alkaloids. Method validation showed that the RSD values of the repeatability (n=6) were ≤ 3.46%, and the accuracy expressed by the spiked recoveries was in the ranges of 99.38%–100.91% and 96.39%–103.50% for vinca alkaloids and Uncaria alkaloids, respectively. Furthermore, sorbents A and B exhibited strong reusability, with RSD values ≤ 5.32%, which were based on the peak area of the corresponding alkaloids with more than 100 injections. These results indicate that the composite POPM/COF rod-shaped monoliths are promising media as SPE sorbents for extracting trace compounds in complex biological samples. Edge-curled petals-like COF was synthesized using porphyrin as the fabrication unit. In-tube monolithic POMP/COF composite SPE sorbents with rod-shape were fabricated. The in-tube sorbents were used to extract hence indole alkaloids from complex samples. The two homemade sorbents show strong reusability of more than 100 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Ligai Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Corresponding author. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Mingxue Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Changqing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
- Corresponding author. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
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21
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Ding M, Yang L, Zeng J, Yan X, Wang Q. Orderly MOF-Assembled Hybrid Monolithic Stationary Phases for Nano-Flow HPLC. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15757-15765. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ding
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiahui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaowen Yan
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry & the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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22
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Greguš M, Kostas JC, Ray S, Abbatiello SE, Ivanov AR. Improved Sensitivity of Ultralow Flow LC-MS-Based Proteomic Profiling of Limited Samples Using Monolithic Capillary Columns and FAIMS Technology. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14702-14712. [PMID: 33054160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we pioneered a combination of ultralow flow (ULF) high-efficiency ultranarrow bore monolithic LC columns coupled to MS via a high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) interface to evaluate the potential applicability for high sensitivity, robust, and reproducible proteomic profiling of low nanogram-level complex biological samples. As a result, ULF LC-FAIMS-MS brought unprecedented sensitivity levels and high reproducibility in bottom-up proteomic profiling. In addition, FAIMS improved the dynamic range, signal-to-noise ratios, and detection limits in ULF LC-MS-based measurements by significantly reducing chemical noise in comparison to the conventional nanoESI interface used with the same ULF LC-MS setup. Two, three, or four compensation voltages separated by at least 15 V were tested within a single LC-MS run using the FAIMS interface. The optimized ULF LC-ESI-FAIMS-MS/MS conditions resulted in identification of 2,348 ± 42 protein groups, 10,062 ± 285 peptide groups, and 15,734 ± 350 peptide-spectrum matches for 1 ng of a HeLa digest, using a 1 h gradient at the flow rate of 12 nL/min, which represents an increase by 38%, 91%, and 131% in respective identifications, as compared to the control experiment (without FAIMS). To evaluate the practical utility of the ULF LC-ESI-FAIMS-MS platform in proteomic profiling of limited samples, approximately 100, 1,000, and 10,000 U937 myeloid leukemia cells were processed, and a one-tenth of each sample was analyzed. Using the optimized conditions, we were able to reliably identify 251 ± 54, 1,135 ± 80, and 2,234 ± 25 protein groups from injected aliquots corresponding to ∼10, 100, and 1,000 processed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Greguš
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - James C Kostas
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Somak Ray
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Susan E Abbatiello
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alexander R Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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23
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Warias R, Ragno D, Massi A, Belder D. A Visible-Light-Powered Polymerization Method for the Immobilization of Enantioselective Organocatalysts into Microreactors. Chemistry 2020; 26:13152-13156. [PMID: 32453458 PMCID: PMC7693110 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile one‐step photopolymerization approach for the immobilization of enantioselective organocatalysts is presented. Chiral organocatalyst‐containing monoliths based on polystyrene divinylbenzene copolymer were generated inside channels of microfluidic chips. Exemplary performance tests were performed for the monolithic Hayashi–Jørgensen catalyst in continuous flow, which showed good results for the Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroalkenes in terms of stereoselectivity and catalyst stability with minimal consumption of reagents and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Warias
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Aydoğan C, Rigano F, Krčmová LK, Chung DS, Macka M, Mondello L. Miniaturized LC in Molecular Omics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11485-11497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000,Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000,Turkey
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Doo Soo Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mirek Macka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00Brno, Czech Republic
- School of Natural Sciences and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome I-00128, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy
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25
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Zajickova Z, Nováková L, Svec F. Monolithic Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) Columns for Supercritical Fluid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Polypeptide. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11525-11529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Zajickova
- Department of Physical Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, Florida 33161, United States
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Svec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, CZ-500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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26
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Dores-Sousa JL, Terryn H, Eeltink S. Morphology optimization and assessment of the performance limits of high-porosity nanostructured polymer monolithic capillary columns for proteomics analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1124:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Yu Q, Zhao L, Guo C, Yan B, Su G. Regulating Protein Corona Formation and Dynamic Protein Exchange by Controlling Nanoparticle Hydrophobicity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:210. [PMID: 32266237 PMCID: PMC7100549 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) play a vital role in nano-bio interactions, which are critical for nanotoxicity and nanomedicine research. To understand the effects of NP hydrophobicity on the formation of the protein corona, we synthesized four gold NPs with a continuous change in hydrophobicity ranging from -2.6 to 2.4. Hydrophobic NPs adsorbed 2.1-fold proteins compared to hydrophilic ones. Proteins with small molecular weights (<50 kDa) and negatively charge (PI < 7) constituted the majority of the protein corona, especially for hydrophobic NPs. Moreover, proteins preferred binding to hydrophilic NPs (vitronectin and antithrombin III), hydrophobic NPs (serum albumin and hemoglobin fetal subunit beta), and medium hydrophobic NPs (talin 1 and prothrombin) were identified. Besides, proteins such as apolipoprotein bound to all NPs, did not show surface preference. We also found that there was a dynamic exchange between hard protein corona and solution proteins. Because of such dynamic exchanges, protein-bound NPs could expose their surface in biological systems. Hydrophilic NPs exhibited higher protein exchange rate than hydrophobic NPs. Above understandings have improved our capabilities to modulate protein corona formation by controlling surface chemistry of NPs. These will also help modulate nanotoxicity and develop better nanomedcines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linxia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Congcong Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Olsen C, Skottvoll FS, Brandtzaeg OK, Schnaars C, Rongved P, Lundanes E, Wilson SR. Investigating Monoliths (Vinyl Azlactone-co-Ethylene Dimethacrylate) as a Support for Enzymes and Drugs, for Proteomics and Drug-Target Studies. Front Chem 2019; 7:835. [PMID: 31850321 PMCID: PMC6902630 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to mass spectrometry, on-line sample preparation can be beneficial to reduce manual steps, increase speed, and enable analysis of limited sample amounts. For example, bottom-up proteomics sample preparation and analysis can be accelerated by digesting proteins to peptides in an on-line enzyme reactor. We here focus on low-backpressure 100 μm inner diameter (ID) × 160 mm, 180 μm ID × 110 mm or 250 μm ID × 140 mm vinyl azlactone-co-ethylene dimethacrylate [poly(VDM-co-EDMA)] monoliths as supports for immobilizing of additional molecules (i.e., proteases or drugs), as the monolith was expected to have few unspecific interactions. For on-line protein digestion, monolith supports immobilized with trypsin enzyme were found to be suited, featuring the expected characteristics of the material, i.e., low backpressure and low carry-over. Serving as a functionalized sample loop, the monolith units were very simple to connect on-line with liquid chromatography. However, for on-line target deconvolution, the monolithic support immobilized with a Wnt pathway inhibitor was associated with numerous secondary interactions when exploring the possibility of selectively trapping target proteins by drug-target interactions. Our initial observations suggest that (poly(VDM-co-EDMA)) monoliths are promising for e.g., on-line bottom-up proteomics, but not a "fit-for-all" material. We also discuss issues related to the repeatability of monolith-preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Schnaars
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Rongved
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elsa Lundanes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Ma S, Li Y, Ma C, Wang Y, Ou J, Ye M. Challenges and Advances in the Fabrication of Monolithic Bioseparation Materials and their Applications in Proteomics Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902023. [PMID: 31502719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography integrated with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has become a powerful technique for proteomics research. Its performance heavily depends on the separation efficiency of HPLC, which in turn depends on the chromatographic material. As the "heart" of the HPLC system, the chromatographic material is required to achieve excellent column efficiency and fast analysis. Monolithic materials, fabricated as continuous supports with interconnected skeletal structure and flow-through pores, are regarded as an alternative to particle-packed columns. Such materials are featured with easy preparation, fast mass transfer, high porosity, low back pressure, and miniaturization, and are next-generation separation materials for high-throughput proteins and peptides analysis. Herein, the recent progress regarding the fabrication of various monolithic materials is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on studies of the fabrication of monolithic capillary columns and their applications in separation of biomolecules by capillary liquid chromatography (cLC). The applications of monolithic materials in the digestion, enrichment, and separation of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides from biological samples are also considered. Finally, advances in comprehensive 2D HPLC separations using monolithic columns are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chen Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Ma C, Ma S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ou J, Zhang J, Ye M. Fast fabrication and modification of polyoctahedral silsesquioxane-containing monolithic columns via two-step photo-initiated reactions and their application in proteome analysis of tryptic digests. Talanta 2019; 209:120526. [PMID: 31892036 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A fast and robust approach was developed to fabricate and modify hybrid monolithic columns via two-step photo-initiated reactions. At first, acrylopropyl polyoctahedral silsesquioxane (acryl-POSS) and 3-(triallyl silyl) propyl acrylate (TAPA) were chosen as precursors to synthesize poly (POSS-co-TAPA) monolithic column (monolith I) via photo-initiated free-radical polymerization within 10 min, which left lots of allyl groups on the surface of monolith. Secondly, two thiol-containing compounds, penicillamine and 1-octadecanethiol (ODT), were introduced to modify the prepared poly (POSS-co-TAPA) column via photo-initiated thiol-ene click reaction within 20 min. Finally, three resulting monolithic columns were applied to separate phenolic, anilines and antibiotics mixtures. These mixtures were baseline-separated on the monolith modified with penicillamine (monolith II), exhibiting better selectivity than both pristine monolith I and that modified with ODT (monolith III). Additionally, these columns were further used for separation of tryptic digest of HeLa cells by cLC-MS/MS. The 5071 unique peptides mapped to 2442 proteins were identified from HeLa cells digest on monolith II, which were superior over those on monolith III, but slightly lower than those on monolith I. These results demonstrated that these POSS-containing columns exhibited great separation ability for complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Gao W, Liu XL, Li JY, Lian HZ, Mao L. One-pot preparation of zwitterionic sulfoalkylbetaine monolith for rapid and efficient separation of lysozyme from egg white. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 175:112761. [PMID: 31330280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A porous zwitterionic monolithic column was prepared to rapidly and efficiently separate lysozyme from egg white. The monolith was synthesized in a stainless steel HPLC column (5 cm × 4.6 mm i.d.) by in-situ thermal initiated co-polymerization of N,N-dimethyl-N-methacryloxyethyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine (MSA) and ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA). Due to the combination of quaternary ammonium and sulfonic groups on the monolithic matrix in one-pot process, the hydrophobic carbon chain and hydrophilic radical were obtained, which provided multiple driving forces for neutral, basic and acidic analytes, thus mix-mode chromatography mechanism contributed to the retention of different charged proteins. Properties such as composition, morphology and stability of the MSA-co-EDMA monolithic column were characterized by various analytical methods and the results showed that the monolith has large through-pores, good hydrophilicity and permeability. The effects of mobile phase pH and ionic strength on proteins were investigated, drawing the conclusion that the main adsorption and elution mechanism of lysozyme on MSA-co-EDMA monolith was electrostatic interaction, while those of other proteins included hydrophobic, hydrophilic and electrostatic interactions. Therefore, efficient separation of lysozyme and other proteins could be successfully achieved by switching the pH of mobile phase. Lysozyme can be adsorbed using 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and eluted with 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 2.0). To prove the practicality of the monolithic column, it was also applied in the separation of lysozyme in egg white, which means the work has the potential for further development in proteome analysis of real biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Simple quantitative analytical methods for the determination of alkaloids from medicinal and edible plant foods using a homemade chromatographic monolithic column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1128:121784. [PMID: 31518898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A polymer-based chromatographic monolithic column was prepared via in-situ radical polymerization using tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate as the monomer. The homemade column was used for the separation and quantitative analysis of alkaloids, including piperine from Piper longum (fruit of Piper longum Linn.) and pepper (fruit of Piper nigrum L.), hydroxy-α-sanshool, and hydroxy-γ-sanshool from zanthoxylum (fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim), as well as caffeine from Wuyi rock tea. The chromatographic fractions were identified by mass spectrometry. Single factor test and orthogonal test were both carried out to optimize the extraction conditions. The method validation indicated that the accuracy represented by spiked recovery ranged in 98.89%-102.06%, the correlation coefficients in 0.99986-0.99999. These results show that the prepared monolithic column can be successfully used to quantitatively analyse alkaloids from the real medicinal and edible plant foods with reversed-phase mechanism, which can avoid the long analytical time using traditional packed C18 column. The present method is a simple, and inexpensive method for quantitatively analysing alkaloids from medicinal and edible plant foods, exhibiting good specificity and durability.
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Wang X, Procházka K, Limpouchová Z. Pore size effect on the separation of polymers by interaction chromatography. A Monte Carlo study. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1064:126-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang J, Huyan Y, Yang Z, Zhang H, Zhang A, Kou X, Zhang Q, Zhang B. Preparation of surface protein imprinted thermosensitive polymer monolithic column and its specific adsorption for BSA. Talanta 2019; 200:526-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pang X, Bai L, Wang Z, Yang H, Liu H, Yan H. Establishment of Quantitatively Analytical Methods for the Determination of Aroma Components in Edible Spices Using a Homemade Chromatographic Monolithic Column. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Liang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Well-Defined Materials for High-Performance Chromatographic Separation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:451-473. [PMID: 30939031 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic separation has been widely applied in various fields, such as chemical engineering, precision medicine, energy, and biology. Because chromatographic separation is based on differential partitioning between the mobile phase and stationary phase and affected by band dispersion and mass transfer resistance from these two phases, the materials used as the stationary phase play a decisive role in separation performance. In this review, we discuss the design of separation materials to achieve the separation with high efficiency and high resolution and highlight the well-defined materials with uniform pore structure and unique properties. The achievements, recent developments, challenges, and future trends of such materials are discussed. Furthermore, the surface functionalization of separation ma-terials for further improvement of separation performance is reviewed. Finally, future research directions and the challenges of chromatographic separation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;
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Bults P, Spanov B, Olaleye O, van de Merbel NC, Bischoff R. Intact protein bioanalysis by liquid chromatography – High-resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1110-1111:155-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Oligonucleotide analysis by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the absence of ion-pair reagents. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:39-48. [PMID: 30772056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving our understanding of nucleic acids, both in biological and synthetic applications, remains a bustling area of research for both academic and industrial laboratories. As nucleic acids research evolves, so must the analytical techniques used to characterize nucleic acids. One powerful analytical technique has been coupled liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To date, the most successful chromatographic mode has been ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), in the absence of ion-pair reagents, has been investigated here as an alternative chromatographic approach to the analysis of oligonucleotides. By combining a mobile phase system using commonly employed in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) - i.e., water, acetonitrile, and ammonium acetate - and a new, commercially available diol-based HILIC column, high chromatographic and mass spectrometric performance for a wide range of oligonucleotides is demonstrated. Particular applications of HILIC-MS for the analysis of deoxynucleic acid (DNA) oligomers, modified and unmodified oligoribonucleotides, and phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotides are presented. Based on the LC-MS performance, this HILIC-based approach provides an attractive, sensitive and robust alternative to prior ion-pairing dependent methods with potential utility for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of oligonucleotides without compromising chromatographic or mass spectrometric performance.
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Aydoğan C, Gökaltun A, Denizli A, El‐Rassi Z. Organic polymer‐based monolithic capillary columns and their applications in food analysisψ. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:962-979. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Department of Food EngineeringBingöl University Bingöl Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Department of Chemical EngineeringHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of ChemistryHacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - Ziad El‐Rassi
- Department of ChemistryOklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
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Liang Y, Jin Y, Wu Z, Tucholski T, Brown KA, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Ge Y. Bridged Hybrid Monolithic Column Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Top-Down Proteomics. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1743-1747. [PMID: 30668094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Top-down mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has become a powerful tool for comprehensive characterization of intact proteins. However, because of the high complexity of the proteome, highly effective separation of intact proteins from complex mixtures prior to MS analysis remains challenging. Monolithic columns have shown great promise for intact protein separation due to their high permeability, low backpressure, and fast mass transfer. Herein, for the first time, we developed bridged hybrid bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene (BTSEY) monolith with C8 functional groups (C8@BTSEY) for highly effective protein separation and coupled it to high-resolution MS for identification of intact proteins from complex protein mixtures. We have optimized mobile phase conditions of our monolith-based reverse-phase chromatography (RPC) for online liquid chromatography (LC)-MS analysis and evaluated separation reproducibility of the C8@BTSEY column. We further assessed the chromatographic performance of this column by separating a complex protein mixture extracted from swine heart tissue. Using our monolithic column (i.d. 100 μm × 35 cm), we separated over 300 proteoforms (up to 104 kDa) from 360 ng of protein mixture in an 80 min one-dimensional (1D) LC run. The highly effective separation and recovery of intact proteins from this monolithic column allowed unambiguous identification of ∼100 proteoforms including a large protein, αactinin2 (103.77 kDa), by online 1D LC-MS/MS analysis for the first time. As demonstrated, this C8@BTSEY column is reproducible and effective in separation of intact proteins, which shows high promise for top-down proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States.,CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Trisha Tucholski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Kyle A Brown
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Lab of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic Research and Analysis Center , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States.,Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53705 , United States
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Žuvela P, Skoczylas M, Jay Liu J, Ba Czek T, Kaliszan R, Wong MW, Buszewski B, Héberger K. Column Characterization and Selection Systems in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3674-3729. [PMID: 30604951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is the most popular chromatographic mode, accounting for more than 90% of all separations. HPLC itself owes its immense popularity to it being relatively simple and inexpensive, with the equipment being reliable and easy to operate. Due to extensive automation, it can be run virtually unattended with multiple samples at various separation conditions, even by relatively low-skilled personnel. Currently, there are >600 RP-HPLC columns available to end users for purchase, some of which exhibit very large differences in selectivity and production quality. Often, two similar RP-HPLC columns are not equally suitable for the requisite separation, and to date, there is no universal RP-HPLC column covering a variety of analytes. This forces analytical laboratories to keep a multitude of diverse columns. Therefore, column selection is a crucial segment of RP-HPLC method development, especially since sample complexity is constantly increasing. Rationally choosing an appropriate column is complicated. In addition to the differences in the primary intermolecular interactions with analytes of the dispersive (London) type, individual columns can also exhibit a unique character owing to specific polar, hydrogen bond, and electron pair donor-acceptor interactions. They can also vary depending on the type of packing, amount and type of residual silanols, "end-capping", bonding density of ligands, and pore size, among others. Consequently, the chromatographic performance of RP-HPLC systems is often considerably altered depending on the selected column. Although a wide spectrum of knowledge is available on this important subject, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review for an objective comparison and/or selection of chromatographic columns. We aim for this review to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and easily readable monograph of the most relevant publications regarding column selection and characterization in RP-HPLC covering the past four decades. Future perspectives, which involve the integration of state-of-the-art molecular simulations (molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo) with minimal experiments, aimed at nearly "experiment-free" column selection methodology, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Žuvela
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Magdalena Skoczylas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
| | - J Jay Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pukyong National University , 365 Sinseon-ro , Nam-gu, 48-513 Busan , Korea
| | | | | | - Ming Wah Wong
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117543 , Singapore
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Wileńska 4 , 87-100 Toruń , Poland
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Ma W, An Y, Row KH. Preparation and evaluation of a green solvent-based molecularly imprinted monolithic column for the recognition of proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst 2019; 144:6327-6333. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A protein-based molecularly imprinted monolithic column was synthesized based on ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in a stainless steel column (50 mm × 4.6 mm id).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 402751
- Korea
| | - Yena An
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 402751
- Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 402751
- Korea
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Dores-Sousa JL, Fernández-Pumarega A, De Vos J, Lämmerhofer M, Desmet G, Eeltink S. Guidelines for tuning the macropore structure of monolithic columns for high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:522-533. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luís Dores-Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Pumarega
- Departament de Química Analítica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB); Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Química; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
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Dams M, Dores-Sousa JL, Lamers RJ, Treumann A, Eeltink S. High-Resolution Nano-Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection for the Bottom-Up Analysis of Complex Proteomic Samples. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Chai M, Chen Y, Xuan R, Ma J, Wang T, Qiu D, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Preparation of attapulgite nanoparticles-based hybrid monolithic column with covalent bond for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Talanta 2018; 189:397-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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SUMIYA O, TAZAWA T, NAKAGAMI K, SHIRAI Y, MORIUCHI K, UETA I, SAITO Y. Spherical Polyimide Particles as a Novel Stationary Phase in Liquid Chromatography. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2018.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ohjiro SUMIYA
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Toshiaki TAZAWA
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Koki NAKAGAMI
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | | | | | - Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yoshihiro SAITO
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
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48
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Dores-Sousa JL, De Vos J, Eeltink S. Resolving power in liquid chromatography: A trade-off between efficiency and analysis time. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:38-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luís Dores-Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
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Abstract
A strategy for the preparation of silica-based monolithic capillary columns (150 × 0.1 mm) with high selectivity to amino acids is presented. The zwitterionic columns were prepared by coating the silica monolith with [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium hydroxide via 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate. The columns were evaluated under isocratic conditions in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. The best separation of amino acids was obtained on the monolithic column prepared by a stepwise modification procedure where the modification step was repeated four times. The mixture of fifteen amino acids was separated within 13 min using the mobile phase consisting of 75% acetonitrile and 25% 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate at pH 4.5.
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50
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Aydoğan C, Gökaltun A, Denizli A, El Rassi Z. Biochromatographic applications of polymethacrylate monolithic columns used in electro- and liquid phase-separationsΨ. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1462204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Gökaltun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adil Denizli
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziad El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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