1
|
Li M, Wu Z, Yu Q, Fang M, Liu X, Cao W, Wen S, Li J, Wu Y, Liu X. High-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantitative for alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids in human serum: Advancing biomonitoring of human exposure concerns. Talanta 2024; 276:126257. [PMID: 38781913 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl imidazolium ionic liquids (Cn[MIM]), initially heralded as eco-friendly green solvents for diverse industrial applications, have increasingly been recognized fortheir biodegradability challenges and multiple biotoxicity. Despite potential health risks, research into the effects of Cn[MIM] on human health remains scarce, particularly regarding their detection in biological serum samples. This study validated a matrix-matched calibration quantitative method that utilizes solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method was used to analyze the presence of 10 ionic liquids (ILs) with varying alkyl carbon chain lengths (C2-C12) across 300 human serum samples. Efficient separation was achieved using optimized SPE conditions and a BEH C18 column with an appropriate mobile phase. Results demonstrated a strong linear relationship (0.05-100 ng/mL; R2 = 0.995-0.999), with detection and quantification limits with detection and quantification limits ranging from 0.001 to 0.107 ng/mL and 0.003-0.355 ng/mL, respectively. Intraday and inter-day precisions were 0.85-6.99 % and 1.50-7.46 %, with recoveries between 82 and 113 %. The validated method detected C6MIM in 19 % of samples and C8MIM in 8.3 % of samples, with concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 111.70 μg/L and 0.09-16.99 μg/L, respectively, suggesting a potential risk of human exposure. This underscores the importance of robust detection methods in monitoring environmental and human health impacts of alkyl imidazolium compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ziji Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Fang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - WenCheng Cao
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jingguang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Peking Union Medical College, Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, PR China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Peking Union Medical College, Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, Hubei, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou DD, Cao YW, Chen M, Zhuang LY, Lv DZ, Wang MY, Yang ZH, Zeng YL. Determination of azole fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables by magnetic solid phase extraction based on magnetic MOF sorbent in combination with high performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
3
|
Development of mobile phases containing high concentrations of UV–Vis absorbable components for ion chromatographic separation of anions with indirect photometric detection. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
4
|
Maculewicz J, Świacka K, Stepnowski P, Dołżonek J, Białk-Bielińska A. Ionic liquids as potentially hazardous pollutants: Evidences of their presence in the environment and recent analytical developments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129353. [PMID: 35738170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered to be very promising group of chemicals and the number of their potential applications is growing rapidly. However, while these compounds were originally proposed as a green alternative to classical solvents, there are certain doubts as to whether this classification is correct. Although in recent years there have been first reports published proving the presence of some ILs in the environment and even in human blood, at this point the scale of this possible problem is not yet fully understood. However, there is no doubt that as the number of ILs applications increases, analytical capabilities for rapid detection of possible environmental contamination should be also considered. Therefore, in this review paper, recent evidences for the ILs environmental contamination as well as analytical achievements related to the extraction of ILs from various environmental matrices have been summarized and important gaps and future perspectives have been pointed out. Based on the presented data it might be concluded that there is the urgent need for further development towards risk assessment of these potential environmental contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Analysis of imidazolium ionic liquids in biological matrices: A novel procedure for the determination of trace amounts in marine mussels. Talanta 2022; 252:123790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
6
|
Changsan T, Wannapob R, Kaewpet M, Shearman K, Wattanasin P, Cheung Mak W, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Thammakhet-Buranachai C. Magnetic microsphere sorbent on CaCO 3 templates: Simple synthesis and efficient extraction of trace carbamate pesticides in fresh produce. Food Chem 2020; 342:128336. [PMID: 33077280 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polypyrrole magnetic microspheres were synthesized and used to extract carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl before analysis by a high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Under optimal conditions, four times the preconcentration was achieved with the use of only 1.2 mL of sample. Good linearity with ranges of 3.0-7.5 × 103, 6.0-4.5 × 103, and 15-3.0 × 103 ng kg-1 and limits of detection of 1.37 ± 0.10, 4.7 ± 1.2, and 10.1 ± 5.7 ng kg-1 were obtained, respectively. Good reproducibility (RSDs < 5%) was achieved over 24 cycles of extraction and regeneration. Good accuracy (recoveries 81.6 ± 1.5%-108.3 ± 2.2%) and good precision (RSDs 0.11%-4.5%) were obtained. Carbaryl was detected in apple (2.75 ± 0.23 ng kg-1), carbofuran in tomato (11.34 ± 0.61 ng kg-1), and methomyl in watermelon (34.7 ± 1.7 ng kg-1). The relative expanded uncertainty of the measurement method was less than 14% for all three pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Titiwan Changsan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Rodtichoti Wannapob
- Department of Physics, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Morakot Kaewpet
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Kittiya Shearman
- National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Headquarter, Technopolis Campus, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Panwadee Wattanasin
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Department of Physics, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Chongdee Thammakhet-Buranachai
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin Z, Zhang Y, Guan F, Yu H, Ma Y. Simultaneous separation and indirect ultraviolet detection of chlorate and perchlorate by pyridinium ionic liquids in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3868-3875. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐jie Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Ya‐nan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Fu‐jing Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Ya‐jie Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu S, Yu H, Zhang X, Cai Y. Reversed‐phase ion‐pair solid‐phase extraction and ion chromatography analysis of pyrrolidinium ionic liquid cations in environmental water samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2743-2749. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Ya‐qi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
3D graphene–carbon nanotubes-based solid-phase extraction technique combined with GC–MS for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
Separation and indirect ultraviolet detection of piperidinium cations by using imidazolium ionic liquids in liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Liu S, Jin X, Ma Y, Li H, Yu H. Monolithic Column Ion-Pair Chromatography with Indirect Ultraviolet Detection for the Determination of Three Acid Radical Anions Containing Fluorine in Ionic Liquids. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1636059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajie Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wen XZ, Yu H, Ma YJ. Separation and indirect ultraviolet detection of ferrous and trivalent iron ions by using ionic liquids in ion chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3432-3438. [PMID: 31538702 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A method of simultaneous separation and indirect ultraviolet detection of different valence iron ions Fe2+ and Fe3+ by using ionic liquids as mobile phase additives and ultraviolet absorption reagents on a cation exchange column functionalized with carboxylic acid group was developed. The effects of ionic liquids, organic acids, detection wavelength, etc. on separation and detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ were investigated and the mechanism was discussed. The pyridinium and imidazolium ionic liquids were not only ultraviolet absorption reagents of indirect ultraviolet detection but also effective components for separating Fe2+ and Fe3+ . The separation and detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ can be achieved using 0.5 mmol/L pyridinium ionic liquid-1.2 mmol/L methanesulfonic acid as the mobile phase. The determination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 1-100 mg/L. The limits of detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ were 0.12 and 0.09 mg/L, respectively. This method was applied to the actual sample detection in the field of medical analysis. The spiked recoveries were between 97.3 and 99.5%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 0.6%. The method is simple, accurate, and reliable, and is an analytical method with universal and practical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhu Wen
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jie Ma
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Jia R, Song Y, Wang M, Zhao Q, Sun S. Determination of pesticides and their degradation products in water samples by solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Determination of morpholinium ionic liquid cations in environmental water samples: development of solid-phase extraction method and ion chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3427-3434. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
15
|
Cui G, Yu H, Ma Y. Ionic liquids as mobile phase additives for determination of thiocyanate and iodide by liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1733-1739. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Cui
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| | - Ya‐jie Ma
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal University Harbin P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang YN, Yu H, Ma YJ, Cui G. Imidazolium ionic liquids as mobile phase additives in reversed phase liquid chromatography for the determination of iodide and iodate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7347-7355. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
17
|
Fang L, Tian M, Yan X, Xiao W. Isolation of Aflatoxin B1 from Moldy Foods by Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Bifunctional Ionic Liquid-Based Silicas. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:8427580. [PMID: 30533245 PMCID: PMC6250040 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8427580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction method was developed by using new bifunctional ionic liquid-based silicas as sorbents to isolate aflatoxin B1 from moldy corn and peanut. Firstly, according to the adsorption efficiency, two sorbents imidazolium chloride-butylimidazolium chloride-based silica (Sil@BIm-Im) and imidazolium chloride-hexylimidazolium chloride-based silica (Sil@HIm-Im) were selected. The RSM was introduced to optimize adsorption conditions such as methanol/water ratio, time, and pH. Sil@HIm-Im, which had the highest adsorption efficiency, was used in SPE as a sorbent. After 2.0 mL of loading samples, washing solvents were optimized as 6.0 mL and 4.0 mL of water for corn and peanut, 2.0 mL of acetonitrile, and 3.0 mL of methanol. 3.0 mL of methanol/acetic acid (2.0% vol.) was investigated as an elution solvent. Finally, 0.009 μg/g and 0.023 μg/g of aflatoxin B1 were obtained in corn and peanut extract with recoveries of 80.0%-103.3% and RSDs of 2.37%-6.58%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Minglei Tian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Xuemin Yan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| |
Collapse
|