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Gamal A, Soliman M, Al-Anany MS, Eissa F. Optimization and validation of high throughput methods for the determination of 132 organic contaminants in green and roasted coffee using GC-QqQ-MS/MS and LC-QqQ-MS/MS. Food Chem 2024; 449:139223. [PMID: 38604032 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Recently some major safety concerns have been raised on organic contaminants in widely consumed plants such as coffee. Hence, this study aimed to develop specifically optimized methods for determining organic contaminants, such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in coffee using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. QuEChERS method was used as a base extraction method, and 27 experiments were studied using design of experiments with categorical variables (extraction buffers, cleanup sorbents, and coffee roasting degree) to find the optimum method for each matrix type. The optimum method for green coffee was acetate buffer and chitosan for clean-up, while no-buffer extraction and the PSA + C18 method were ideal for light and dark-roasted coffee. The optimized methods were validated in accordance with SANTE/11312/2021. Furthermore, ten real samples (4 green, and 6 roasted) from the markets were analysed; ortho-phenylphenol was found in all the roasted coffee samples, and carbendazim was found in one green coffee sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrhman Gamal
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods (QCAP), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Soliman
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods (QCAP), Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Giza 12311, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Al-Anany
- Environment and Bio-agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fawzy Eissa
- Environment and Bio-agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, 11884, Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Ansari MTI, Raghuwanshi SK, Kumar S. Recent Advancement in Fiber-Optic-Based SPR Biosensor for Food Adulteration Detection-A Review. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2023; 22:978-988. [PMID: 37216266 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2023.3278468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is a scientific discipline that requires sophisticated handling, production, and storage. Food is common for microbial development; it acts as a source for growth and contamination. The traditional procedures for food analysis are time-consuming and labor-intensive, but optical sensors overcome these constraints. Biosensors have replaced rigorous lab procedures like chromatography and immunoassays with more precise and quick sensing. It offers quick, nondestructive, and cost-effective food adulteration detection. Over the last few decades, the significant spike in interest in developing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for the detection and monitoring of pesticides, pathogens, allergens, and other toxic chemicals in foods. This review focuses on fiber-optic SPR (FO-SPR) biosensors for detecting various adulterants in food matrix while also discussing the future perspective and the key challenges encountered by SPR based sensors.
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3
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Merhi A, Kordahi R, Hassan HF. A review on the pesticides in coffee: Usage, health effects, detection, and mitigation. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1004570. [PMID: 36424972 PMCID: PMC9681499 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1004570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is considered among the most popular beverages and is classified as the second most exported item worldwide. The presence of pesticides in this staple commodity is a challenge to import and export activities, in addition to the fact that pesticides are toxins of public health concern. Even if pesticides are applied properly and their residues are within the acceptable range, it is important to know the fate of these pesticides prior to their ingestion. A plethora of research has been done to optimize methods and thus to have valid procedures to test for the presence of pesticides in coffee. In this review, the analytical methods used in these articles to detect and quantify the pesticides in coffee beans, roasted coffee, and coffee infusion were identified. This review highlights as well the main factors that play a key role in having good separation, identification, and recovery of pesticide residues in the aforementioned items. In addition, the review explains the effect of pesticides on human health and the mitigation techniques for pesticide exposure.
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Prata R, López-Ruiz R, Petrarca MH, Teixeira Godoy H, Garrido Frenich A, Romero-González R. Targeted and non-targeted analysis of pesticides and aflatoxins in baby foods by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Evaluation of various clean-up sorbents in kale followed by LC-MS/MS analysis of pesticides. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:787-796. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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6
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Wahab S, Muzammil K, Nasir N, Khan MS, Ahmad MF, Khalid M, Ahmad W, Dawria A, Reddy LKV, Busayli AM. Advancement and New Trends in Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food: A Comprehensive Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1106. [PMID: 35567107 PMCID: PMC9105315 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is a rising challenge worldwide due to the expanding population and the need to produce food to feed the growing population. At the same time, pesticide residues found in high concentrations in fresh agriculture pose a significant threat to food safety. Presently, crop output is being increased by applying herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, nematicides, and soil amendments. A combination of factors, including bioaccumulation, widespread usage, selective toxicity, and stability, make pesticides among the most toxic compounds polluting the environment. They are especially harmful in vegetables and fruits because people are exposed to them. Thus, it is critical to monitor pesticide levels in fruits and vegetables using all analytical techniques available. Any evaluation of the condition of pesticide contamination in fruits and vegetables necessitates knowledge of maximum residue levels (MRLs). We set out the problems in determining various types of pesticides in vegetables and fruits, including the complexity and the diversity of matrices in biological materials. This review examines the different analytical techniques to determine the target analytes that must be isolated before final consumption. Many processes involved determining pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and their advantages and disadvantages have been discussed with recommendations. Furthermore, MRLs of target pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable samples are discussed in the context of data from the literature. The review also examines MRLs' impact on the international trade of fruits and vegetables. Accurate, sensitive, and robust analytical procedures are critical to ensuring that pesticide levels in food products are effectively regulated. Despite advances in detection technology, effective sample preparation procedures for pesticide residue measurement in cereals and feedstuffs are still needed. In addition, these methods must be compatible with current analytical techniques. Multi-residue approaches that cover a wide range of pesticides are desired, even though pesticides' diverse natures, classes, and physio-chemical characteristics make such methods challenging to assemble. This review will be valuable to food analysts and regulatory authorities to monitor the quality and safety of fresh food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Nazim Nasir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Safaa, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adam Dawria
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha 61412, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Abdulrahman Mohammed Busayli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.M.B.)
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7
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Yin Z, Yuan B, Lyu W, Huang Q, Simon JE, Wu Q. Method development and validation for analysis of phenolic compounds in fatty complex matrices using enhanced matrix removal (EMR) lipid cleanup and UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Food Chem 2022; 373:131096. [PMID: 34710678 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Reliable analysis of phenolic compounds in fatty matrices is a challenging task. In this work, a robust analytical method was developed and validated for 55 phenolic compounds employing QuEChERS (quick, efficient, cheap, easy, rugged and safe) and Enhanced Matrix Removal (EMR)-lipid cleanup in 96-well plates for sample preparation, coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). Seven high-fat matrices of pork brain, belly and liver; horse serum, beef, salmon and avocado were explored for method validation and led to promising stepwise recoveries of extraction, clean-up, drying-reconstitution of most analytes ranging from 75% to 113%, and with an accuracy of 78%∼117%, except for six catechin-analogues. The matrix removal efficiency of EMR was determined using UHPLC-quadruple time of flight (QTOF)-MS, and results indicated that 56%∼77% of co-extractives were removed. This method would be readily extended to wide range of applications demanding high-throughput and sensitive analysis of phenolic compounds in fatty samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiya Yin
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bo Yuan
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Weiting Lyu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Agricultureal Food Ecosystens, The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Center for Agricultureal Food Ecosystens, The New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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9
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Coffee By-Products as Sustainable Novel Foods: Report of the 2nd International Electronic Conference on Foods-"Future Foods and Food Technologies for a Sustainable World". Foods 2021; 11:foods11010003. [PMID: 35010128 PMCID: PMC8750261 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coffee plant Coffea spp. offers much more than the well-known drink made from the roasted coffee bean. During its cultivation and production, a wide variety of by-products are accrued, most of which are currently unused, thermally recycled, or used as fertilizer or animal feed. Modern, ecologically oriented society attaches great importance to sustainability and waste reduction, so it makes sense to not dispose of the by-products of coffee production but to bring them into the value chain, most prominently as foods for human nutrition. There is certainly huge potential for all of these products, especially on markets not currently accessible due to restrictions, such as the novel food regulation in the European Union. The by-products could help mitigate the socioeconomic burden of coffee farmers caused by globally low coffee prices and increasing challenges due to climate change. The purpose of the conference session summarized in this article was to bring together international experts on coffee by-products and share the current scientific knowledge on all plant parts, including leaf, cherry, parchment and silverskin, covering aspects from food chemistry and technology, nutrition, but also food safety and toxicology. The topic raised a huge interest from the audience and this article also contains a Q&A section with more than 20 answered questions.
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10
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Mukherjee R, Pandya P, Baxi D, Ramachandran AV. Endocrine Disruptors-'Food' for Thought. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021; 74:432-442. [PMID: 34866764 PMCID: PMC8632730 DOI: 10.1007/s12595-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Green vegetables, fruits, cereals, and pulses are all rich sources of antioxidants. Retinoic acid, ascorbate, proanthocyanidins, tannins, saponins, melatonin, curcumin, allicin, and alpha-lipoic acid stand documented in plants as bioactive compounds. The international dietary committee advocates a specific quantum of these natural antioxidants through diet. Interestingly, environmental pollution has indeed affected most of these farm products. The use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals in soil has a cumulative effect on human health. Enough evidence is available for the presence of phytoestrogen, xenoestrogen, and a host of other endocrine disruptors in the food. These plant-based nutrients can mimic or enhance the natural hormone's health effects. While endocrine disruptors are found in many everyday products, this review aims to address endocrine disruptors from food in the Asian subcontinent. 'Food for thought' justifies the paradigm shift towards good endocrine health by swaying away from the conventional daily dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mukherjee
- Shree P.M. Patel Institute of PG Studies and Research in Science, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - Parth Pandya
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
| | - Darshee Baxi
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
| | - A. V. Ramachandran
- School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
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11
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Pi J, Jin P, Zhou S, Wang L, Wang H, Huang J, Gan L, Yuan T, Fan H. Combination of Ultrasonic-assisted Aqueous Two-phase Extraction with Solidifying Organic Drop-dispersive Liquid–liquid Microextraction for Simultaneous Determination of Nine Mycotoxins in Medicinal and Edible Foods by HPLC with In-series DAD and FLD. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Pszczolińska K, Kociołek B. The pesticide residue analysis in commodities with high content of chlorophyll based on the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method: A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:149-165. [PMID: 34347938 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In multiresidue analysis, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) is one of the most popular techniques routinely used by researchers during pesticide analysis of food and vegetable samples. Originally, the QuEChERS method was developed for analysis of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the extraction of analytes from different matrices. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques: it requires lower sample and solvent amounts while shortening the time of sample preparation. However, it presents some limitations for complex matrices such as those containing high amounts of chlorophyll. To overcome the problem of strong matrix effect and influence of interferences, different approaches are applied. Most are concerning modifications of the cleanup step, that is, sorbent type and its amount. Optimization of other parameters, such as sample size, hydration level, extraction solvent, and buffering, also has an impact on overall performance. Combining proper sample preparation with modern highly sensitive and selective detection techniques enables receiving desired limits of quantification. This article presents an overview of strategies employed by researchers for analysis of green, high chlorophyll content commodities and results obtained in their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Pszczolińska
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute Branch Sośnicowice, Sośnicowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Kociołek
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute Branch Sośnicowice, Sośnicowice, Poland
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13
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Tu FQ, Yang M. Determination of Pesticides in Apples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–MS) with High-Resolution Multiple Reaction Monitoring. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1938594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qin Tu
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control, Wuhan, China
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14
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Revel’skii IA, Chivarzin ME, Gerasimov MA, Frolova AV, Dolgonosov AM, Skalnyi AV, Revel’skii AI, Buryak AK. A New Approach to the Assessment of the Safety of Tea, Coffee, Cocoa, and Vegetable Oils, Based on the Rapid Screening of Samples for the Total Concentration of Fluorine-, Chlorine-, and Bromine-Containing Organic Compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821050154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Nguyen TT, Rosello C, Bélanger R, Ratti C. Fate of Residual Pesticides in Fruit and Vegetable Waste (FVW) Processing. Foods 2020; 9:E1468. [PMID: 33076324 PMCID: PMC7602544 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants need to be protected against pests and diseases, so as to assure an adequate production, and therefore to contribute to food security. However, some of the used pesticides are harmful compounds, and thus the right balance between the need to increase food production with the need to ensure the safety of people, food and the environment must be struck. In particular, when dealing with fruit and vegetable wastes, their content in agrochemicals should be monitored, especially in peel and skins, and eventually minimized before or during further processing to separate or concentrate bioactive compounds from it. The general objective of this review is to investigate initial levels of pesticide residues and their potential reduction through further processing for some of the most contaminated fruit and vegetable wastes. Focus will be placed on extraction and drying processes being amid the main processing steps used in the recuperation of bioactive compounds from fruit and vegetable wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Thanh Nguyen
- Soils and Agri-Food Engineering Dept, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Carmen Rosello
- Chemical Engineering Group, Chemistry Department, Universitat des Iles Balears, Palma, 07122 Mallorca, Spain;
- Soils and Agri-Food Engineering Dept, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Richard Bélanger
- Plant Science Dept, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Cristina Ratti
- Soils and Agri-Food Engineering Dept, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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Lupo SA, Romesberg RL, Lu X. Automated inline pigment removal for the analysis of pesticide residues in spinach by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1629:461477. [PMID: 32823011 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An automated inline sample preparation (ILSP) method has been developed for pesticide residue analysis in spinach by LC-MS/MS. Chlorophyll pigments and other matrix constituents were removed from the sample extract using a UHPLC system equipped with an auxiliary pump, 6-port high pressure switching valve, and dual-directional ILSP cartridge containing bonded silica. The new procedure was evaluated as an entirely separate workflow using a simple solid-liquid extraction and as part of a cleanup strategy in conjunction with QuEChERS. Accuracy and precision experiments were conducted in spinach at two concentration levels (n = 6). Of the 63 pesticides tested, 86% (0.005 mg/kg) and 100% (0.05 mg/kg) displayed average recoveries within 70-120% and RSD values ≤20% for the ILSP method. In addition, low to moderate matrix effects (<50%) were calculated for 95% of the analytes. Overall performance of the proposed method was found to be better or comparable to a traditional QuEChERS procedure utilizing AOAC formulated salts and dSPE sorbents, while significantly reducing the amount of pigments reaching the MS source. The ILSP workflow is a simpler procedure with fewer steps that require less time than traditional extraction and cleanup techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Lupo
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA
| | | | - Xiaoning Lu
- Restek Corporation, 110 Benner Circle, Bellefonte, PA 16823, USA.
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Sequential extraction and enrichment of pesticide residues in Longan fruit by ultrasonic-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction linked to vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction prior to high performance liquid chromatography analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460929. [PMID: 32008821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple, green and efficient method for extraction, purification and enrichment of pesticide residues of triazoles and pyrethroids in Longan fruit was developed by ultrasonic-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UAATPE) coupled to vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VADLLME). Using an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of ethanol/K2HPO4 as extraction solvent, the composition of the ATPS, extraction temperature and time were investigated, respectively. Then VADLLME process also was optimized by investigating type and volume of extracting and dispersive solvents, vortex-assisted time and salt addition. The optimum conditions were as follows: the ATPS composition of ethanol concentration 30.0% (w/w) and K2HPO4 concentration 25% (w/w), extraction temperature 70 °C and extraction time 15 min for UAATPE; 1-dodecanol 200 μL as extraction solvent, ethanol 1.25 mL as dispersive solvent, vortex-assisted time 1.5 min and addition of NaCl 4% (w/v) for VADLLME. Ethanol as extraction solvent and dispersive solvent could directly connect UAATPE with VADLLME without extra steps. By means of HPLC-DAD detection, nine pesticides had good linearity ranged from 0.0200 to 13.59 μg/mL (R2 ≥ 0.9957). LODs and LOQs were in the range of 0.005576-0.01740 μg/mL and 0.01859-0.05010 μg/mL, respectively. UAATPE-VADLLME coupled to HPLC was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of multiple pesticides in Longan fruit, and mean recoveries and RSDs were between 76.95% and 98.63%, 1.2% and 9.8%, respectively. Furthermore, myclobutanil, fenpropathrin and deltamethrin were detected in pericarp and pulp of Longan samples from different districts, respectively.
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Asadi M, Sereshti H. Magnetic amino-functionalized hollow silica-titania microsphere as an efficient sorbent for extraction of pesticides in green and roasted coffee beans. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2115-2124. [PMID: 32115813 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis and application of a magnetic amino-functionalized hollow silica-titania microsphere as a new sorbent for magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of selected pesticides in coffee bean samples. The sorbent was fully characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques. Significant extraction parameters affecting the proposed method, such as extraction time, sorbent amount, sample solution pH, salt amount, and desorption conditions (desorption solvent and time) were investigated and optimized. All the figures of merits were validated in coffee bean samples under the matrix-matched calibration method. Linear dynamic ranges were 5-250 µg/kg with the determination coefficients (R2 ) > 0.9980. The limits of detection for the pesticides of chlorpyrifos, malathion, hexaconazole, and atrazine were 1.42, 1.43, 1.35, and 1.33 µg/kg, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the determination of the pesticides in green and roasted coffee bean samples, and the obtained recoveries were in the range of 74-113% for spiked samples. The prepared sorbent could be used for the magnetic dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of pesticides in the plant-derived food matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Asadi
- School Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Sereshti
- School Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Nicácio AE, Rodrigues CA, Jardim ICSF, Visentainer JV, Maldaner L. Modified QuEChERS method for phenolic compounds determination in mustard greens (Brassica juncea) using UHPLC-MS/MS. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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20
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Özdemir C, Özdemir S, Oz E, Oz F. Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in pasteurized and sterilized milk using QuEChERS sample preparation followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cihat Özdemir
- Department of Food Technology Oltu Vocational College, Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Salih Özdemir
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Emel Oz
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
| | - Fatih Oz
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey
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Elik A, Unal Y, Altunay N. Development of a chemometric-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based microextraction procedure for extraction of caffeine in foods and beverages. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1139-1150. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1619941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Elik
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yener Unal
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Statistics, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nail Altunay
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Hrynko I, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Comprehensive analysis of insecticides in melliferous weeds and agricultural crops using a modified QuEChERS/LC-MS/MS protocol and of their potential risk to honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:16-27. [PMID: 30530215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The risk of exposure of honey bees to the presence of insecticides in melliferous plants is higher than previously reported. Therefore, monitoring insecticide residues in these plants is of great importance to honey bee safety. A novelty of the present research was the development of an innovative procedure for determination of residues of 142 insecticides in weeds and agricultural crops among melliferous plants. Phacelia, buckwheat, rape, common dandelion, cornflower and clover were selected for testing. Samples were extracted via QuEChERS. Two single sorbents (Z-Sep and Chitosan) and two combinations of sorbents (PSA/C18/ENVI-Carb/MgSO4, PSA/GCB/MgSO4) were tested. The matrix effect was applied as the main criterion for assessment of the method's effectiveness. The best sorbent for preparation of: (i) common dandelion samples was PSA/GCB/MgSO4, (ii) rape, cornflower and clover samples - PSA/C18/ENVI-Carb/MgSO4 sorbent and (iii) phacelia and buckwheat samples - Z-Sep sorbent. The developed procedure was applied for quantification of insecticide residues in 41 melliferous plant samples to estimate exposure of honey bees to pesticides through calculation of the hazard quotient (HQ). In total, 12 different insecticides were detected. The presence of neonicotinoid insecticides was found 7 times. The residues most frequently identified in melliferous plants were deltamethrin, dimethoate, and its metabolite, omethoate. An increased insecticide risk to honey bees was found for 4.9% and 9.8% of samples, for the oral and contact dose, respectively. This is why the hazard of melliferous plant residues was considered elevated for honey bees. The results clearly demonstrated that the approach developed provides reliable, simple and rapid determination of insecticides in melliferous plants, which is of great importance to honey bee safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Hrynko
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Bialystok, Poland
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Perestrelo R, Silva P, Porto-Figueira P, Pereira JAM, Silva C, Medina S, Câmara JS. QuEChERS - Fundamentals, relevant improvements, applications and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1070:1-28. [PMID: 31103162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method is a simple and straightforward extraction technique involving an initial partitioning followed by an extract clean-up using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Originally, the QuEChERS approach was developed for recovering pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the comprehensive isolation of analytes from different matrices. According to PubMed, since its development in 2003 up to November 2018, about 1360 papers have been published reporting QuEChERS as extraction method. Several papers have reported different improvements and modifications to the original QuEChERS protocol to ensure more efficient extractions of pH-dependent analytes and to minimize the degradation of labile analytes. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, requiring low sample and solvent volumes, as well as less time for sample preparation. Furthermore, most of the published studies show that the QuEChERS protocol provides higher recovery rate and a better analytical performance than conventional extraction procedures. This review proposes an updated overview of the most recent developments and applications of QuEChERS beyond its original application to pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals, forensic analysis, drugs of abuse and environmental contaminants. Their pros and cons will be discussed, considering the factors influencing the extraction efficiency. Whenever possible, the performance of the QuEChERS is compared to other extraction approaches. In addition to the evolution of this technique, changes and improvements to the original method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sonia Medina
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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Hlihor RM, Pogăcean MO, Rosca M, Cozma P, Gavrilescu M. Modelling the behavior of pesticide residues in tomatoes and their associated long-term exposure risks. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:523-529. [PMID: 30594117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the dissipation behavior of 7 fungicides and 5 insecticides applied in tomatoes after a third spraying at recommended and double doses by considering 6 kinetic models which allow estimating the pesticides half-lives (t1/2). Except studying the pesticides dissipation, another scope of our manuscript was investigating the risk to human health after application of different pesticide treatments in tomatoes. The pesticides analysis in tomatoes at harvest showed that the residues were below the maximum residue level (MRL), with the exception of chlorotalonil (included in Group 2B - "Possibly carcinogenic to humans") and bifenthrin for recommended dose treatments, while for double dose treatments, the MRLs was exceeded for 7 pesticides, once again including chlorotalonil. For recommended dose treatments, the 1st order kinetic model is confirmed only for metalaxyl-M. The values of pesticides t1/2 ranged from 0.006 days (for chlorothalonil) to 48.59 days (for myclobutanil). For double dose treatments, the 1st order kinetic model is confirmed for deltamethrin and triadimenol. In this case, the values of pesticides t1/2 ranged from 0.32 to 10.67 days. Further, consumers' exposure was estimated by calculating the long-term risk based on hazard quotient (HQ). The results indicated that the risks generated by pesticide residues in tomatoes applied in recommended or double doses are in an acceptable limit, except for chlorothalonil which may pose a threat for children health. However, if we consider the cumulative hazard index (HI) values which were higher than 1, consumption of tomatoes containing pesticides residues may cause harmful non-carcinogenic health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca-Maria Hlihor
- "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Faculty of Horticulture, Department of Horticultural Technologies, 3 Aleea Mihail Sadoveanu, 700490 Iasi, Romania; "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Str., 700050 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Manuela Olga Pogăcean
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Str., 700050 Iasi, Romania; Phytosanitary Office Mureş, Regional Laboratory for Quality Control of Pesticides, 8 Dezrobirii Street, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Mihaela Rosca
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Str., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Petronela Cozma
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Str., 700050 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Maria Gavrilescu
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Str., 700050 Iasi, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, RO-050094 Bucharest, Romania
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Analysis of 4(5)-methylimidazole in soy sauce by a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1588:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liu A, Anfossi L, Shen L, Li C, Wang X. Non-competitive immunoassay for low-molecular-weight contaminant detection in food, feed and agricultural products: A mini-review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Target vs non-target analysis to determine pesticide residues in fruits from Saudi Arabia and influence in potential risk associated with exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Viera MS, Rizzetti TM, de Souza MP, Martins ML, Prestes OD, Adaime MB, Zanella R. Multiresidue determination of pesticides in crop plants by the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using a calibration based on a single level standard addition in the sample. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1526:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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