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Liu L, Fan W, Zhang H, Fan L, Mei Y, Wang Z, Li L, Yang L, Wang Z. A versatile economic strategy by HPLC-CAD for quantification of structurally diverse markers in quality control of Shengmai Formula from raw materials to preparations. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155625. [PMID: 38692077 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shengmai Formula (SMF), a classic formula in treating Qi-Yin deficiency, is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra (GRR), Ophiopogon Radix (OR), and Schisandra chinensis Fructus (SC), and has been developed into various dosage forms including Shengmai Yin Oral Liquid (SMY), Shengmai Capsules (SMC), and Shengmai Injection (SMI). The pharmacological effects of compound Chinese medicine are attributed to the integration of multiple components. Yet the quality criteria of SMF are limited to monitoring schisandrol A or ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, but none for OR. Since the complexity of raw materials and preparations, establishing a economical and unified method for SMF is challenging. It is urgent to simultaneously quantify multiple components with different structures using a universal method for quality control of SMF. Charged aerosol detector (CAD) overcame the above shortcomings owing to its characteristics of high responsiveness, nondiscrimination, and low cost. PURPOSE We aimed to establish a versatile analysis strategy using HPLC-CAD for simultaneously quantifying the structurally diverse markers in quality control of SMF from raw materials to preparations. METHOD By optimizing the column, mobile phase, column temperature, flow rate, and CAD parameters, a HPLC-CAD method that integrated multi-component characterization, authenticity identification, transfer information of raw materials and quantitative determination of Shengmai preparations was established. RESULTS In total 50 components from SMF were characterized (28 in GRR, 13 in SC, and 9 in OR). The differences in raw materials between species of SC and Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus (SS), processing methods of Ginseng Radix (GR) and GRR, and locations of OR from Sichuan (ORS) and Zhejiang (ORZ) were compared. Fourteen components in 19 batches of SMY, SMC and SMI from different manufacturers were quantified, including 11 ginsenosides and 3 lignans. The multivariate statistical analysis results further suggested that Rb1, Rg1 and Ro were the main differences among Shengmai preparations. CONCLUSION The established versatile analysis strategy based on HPLC-CAD was proven sensitive, simple, convenient, overcoming the discriminatory effect of UV detector, revealing the composition and transfer information of SMF and applicable for authentication of the ingredient herbs and improving the quality of Shengmai preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Wang H, Zhang L, Li X, Sun M, Jiang M, Shi X, Xu X, Ding M, Chen B, Yu H, Li Z, Guo D, Yang W. Machine learning prediction for constructing a universal multidimensional information library of Panax saponins (ginsenosides). Food Chem 2024; 439:138106. [PMID: 38056336 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate characterization of Panax herb ginsenosides is challenging because of the isomers and lack of sufficient reference compounds. More structural information could help differentiate ginsenosides and their isomers, enabling more accurate identification. Based on the VionTM ion-mobility high-resolution LC-MS platform, a multidimensional information library for ginsenosides, namely GinMIL, was established by predicting retention time (tR) and collision cross section (CCS) through machine learning. Robustness validation experiments proved tR and CCS were suitable for database construction. Among three machine learning models we attempted, gradient boosting machine (GBM) exhibited the best prediction performance. GinMIL included the multidimensional information (m/z, molecular formula, tR, CCS, and some MS/MS fragments) for 579 known ginsenosides. Accuracy in identifying ginsenosides from diverse ginseng products was greatly improved by a unique LC-MS approach and searching GinMIL, demonstrating a universal Panax saponins library constructed based on hierarchical design. GinMIL could improve the accuracy of isomers identification by approximately 88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengxiao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiting Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, 850 Yale West Campus, West Haven CT 06516, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengxiang Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boxue Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dean Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Luo S, Yang X, Zhang Y, Kuang T, Tang C. Spatial metabolomics method to reveal differential metabolomes in microregions of Panax quinquefolius roots by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Food Chem 2024; 435:137504. [PMID: 37813026 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Panax quinquefolius is a natural homology medicine and food that is rich in bioactive ingredients, such as ginsenosides and polysaccharides. The combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) was used for the first time in a spatial metabolomics analysis to comprehensively evaluate the differential components in different microregions of P. quinquefolius. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and DESI-MSI combined with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were used to screen differential metabolites. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and DESI-MSI screened 27 and 23 differential metabolites, respectively, among which 15 differential metabolites were identified by both methods. It was found that some components, such as ginsenoside Rg1 and malonyl-ginsenoside Rc, were mainly distributed in P of the transverse slice of P. quinquefolius roots, while ginsenoside Ro and malonyl-ginsenoside Rd were mainly distributed in C. The methods and results of this study could be used to understand the precise localization, biosynthesis, and biological functions of special metabolites in P. quinquefolius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xuexin Yang
- Waters Technology (Beijing) Co. Ltd., Jinghai Industrial Park, 156 Jinghai 4th Road, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Tingting Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Ce Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Fan W, Fan L, Wang Z, Mei Y, Liu L, Li L, Yang L, Wang Z. Rare ginsenosides: A unique perspective of ginseng research. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00003-1. [PMID: 38195040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare ginsenosides (Rg3, Rh2, C-K, etc.) refer to a group of dammarane triterpenoids that exist in low natural abundance, mostly produced by deglycosylation or side chain modification via physicochemical processing or metabolic transformation in gut, and last but not least, exhibited potent biological activity comparing to the primary ginsenosides, which lead to a high concern in both the research and development of ginseng and ginsenoside-related nutraceutical and natural products. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review on these promising compounds is not available yet. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, recent advances of Rare ginsenosides (RGs) were summarized dealing with the structurally diverse characteristics, traditional usage, drug discovery situation, clinical application, pharmacological effects and the underlying mechanisms, structure-activity relationship, toxicity, the stereochemistry properties, and production strategies. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW A total of 144 RGs with diverse skeletons and bioactivities were isolated from Panax species. RGs acted as natural ligands on some specific receptors, such as bile acid receptors, steroid hormone receptors, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors. The RGs showed promising bioactivities including immunoregulatory and adaptogen-like effect, anti-aging effect, anti-tumor effect, as well as their effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system, central nervous system, obesity and diabetes, and interaction with gut microbiota. Clinical trials indicated the potential of RGs, while high quality data remains inadequate, and no obvious side effects was found. The stereochemistry properties induced by deglycosylation at C (20) were also addressed including pharmacodynamics behaviors, together with the state-of-art analytical strategies for the identification of saponin stereoisomers. Finally, the batch preparation of targeted RGs by designated strategies including heating or acid/ alkaline-assisted processes, and enzymatic biotransformation and biosynthesis were discussed. Hopefully, the present review can provide more clues for the extensive understanding and future in-depth research and development of RGs, originated from the worldwide well recognized ginseng plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Li X, Wu M, Ding H, Li W, Yin J, Lin R, Wu X, Han L, Yang W, Bie S, Li F, Song X, Yu H, Dong Z, Li Z. Integration of non-targeted multicomponent profiling, targeted characteristic chromatograms and quantitative to accomplish systematic quality evaluation strategy of Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi oral liquid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115715. [PMID: 37769526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi oral liquid (HXZQOL) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, with the pharmacologic effects of antiinflammatory, immune protection and gastrointestinal motility regulation. More significantly, HXZQOL is recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, and it has been clinically proven to reduce the inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19. However, the effective and overall quality control of HXZQOL is currently limited due to its complex composition, especially the large amount of volatile and non-volatile active components involved. In this study, aimed to fully develop a comprehensive strategy based on non-targeted multicomponent identification, targeted authentication and quantitative analysis for quality evaluation of HXZQOL from different batches. Firstly, the non-targeted high-definition MSE (HDMSE) approach is established based on UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS, utilized for multicomponent comprehensive characterization of HXZQOL. Combined with in house library-driven automated peak annotation and comparison of 47 reference compounds, 195 components were initially identified. In addition, HS-SPME-GC-MS was employed to analyze the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HXZQOL, and a total of 61 components were identified by comparison to the NIST database, reference compounds as well as retention indices. Secondly, based on the selective ion monitoring (SIM) of 24 "identity markers" (involving each herbal medicine), characteristic chromatograms (CCs) were established on LC-MS and GC-MS respectively, to authenticate 15 batches of HXZQOL samples. The targeted-SIM CCs showed that all marker compounds in 15 batches of samples could be accurately monitored, which could indicate preparations authenticity. Finally, a parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method was established and validated to quantify the nine compounds in 15 batches of HXZQOL. Conclusively, this study first reports chemical-material basis, SIM CCs and quality evaluation of HXZQOL, which is of great implication to quality control and ensuring the authenticity of the preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ruimei Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinlong Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Songtao Bie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinbo Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Ziliang Dong
- Chongqing Taiji Industry (Group) Co.,Ltd., 408000, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Lv Z, Yao G, Ge M, Bai Y, Wu M, Ouyang H, Feng J, He J. Qualitative identification and quantitative comparison of Physochlainae Radix from different regions based on chemometric methods. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300475. [PMID: 37735985 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Physochlainae Radix (PR) is an essential herbal medicine that has been generally applied for treating cough and asthma. In this study, a comprehensive strategy for quality evaluation of PR from different origins was established by integrating qualitative identification, quantitative analysis, and chemometric methods. A total of 58 chemical components were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), and a sensitive and rapid UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method was established for the simultaneous determination of 12 compounds. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis was applied for discriminant analysis to compare the differences among 30 batches of PR samples. The results showed that the 30 batches of PR collected from four provinces could be clustered into three categories, in which scoparone, protocatechuic acid, tropic acid, and scopolin were important components to distinguish the primary and non-primary producing areas, as well as superior and inferior products of PR. Chemometric results were consistent and validated each other, and systematically explained the intrinsic quality characteristics of PR. This study first demonstrated that LC-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis, provided a comprehensive and effective means for quality evaluation of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangzhe Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Minglei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huizi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihong Feng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Xu XY, Jiang MT, Wang Y, Sun H, Jing Q, Li XH, Xu B, Zou YD, Yu HS, Li Z, Guo DA, Yang WZ. Multiple heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography/charged aerosol detector assay of ginsenosides for quality evaluation of ginseng from diverse Chinese patent medicines. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464344. [PMID: 37703763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
For quality control of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) containing the same herbal medicine or different herbal medicines that have similar chemical composition, current ″one standard for one species″ research mode leads to poor universality of the analytical approaches unfavorable to discriminate easily confused species. Herein, we were aimed to elaborate a multiple heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography/charged aerosol detector (MHC-2DLC/CAD) approach to quantitatively assess ginseng from multiple CPMs. Targeting baseline resolution of 16 ginsenosides (noto-R1/Rg1/Re/Rf/Ra2/Rb1/Rc/Ro/Rb2/Rb3/Rd/Rh1/Rg2/Rg3/Rg3(R)/24(R)-p-F11), experiments were conducted to optimize key parameters and validate its performance. A Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column and an XBridge Shield RP18 column were separately utilized in the first-dimensional (1D) and the second-dimensional (2D) chromatography. Eight consecutive cuttings could achieve good separation of 16 ginsenosides within 85 min. The developed MHC-2DLC/CAD method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999), repeatability (RSD < 6.73%), stability (RSD < 5.63%), inter- and intra-day precision (RSD < 5.57%), recovery (93.76-111.14%), and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) varied between 0.45-2.37 ng and 0.96-4.71 ng, respectively. We applied it to the content determination of 16 ginsenosides simultaneously from 28 different ginseng-containing CPMs, which unveiled the ginsenoside content difference among the tested CPMs, and gave useful information to discriminate ginseng in the preparation samples, as well. The MHC-2DLC/CAD approach exhibited advantages of high specificity, good separation ability, and relative high analysis efficiency, which also justified the feasibility of our proposed ″Monomethod Characterization of Structure Analogs″ strategy in quality evaluation of diverse CPMs that contained different ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mei-Ting Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - He Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qi Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ya-Dan Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - He-Shui Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - De-An Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China.
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8
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Pang S, Piao X, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhang H, Jin Y, Li Z, Wang Y. Discrimination for geographical origin of Panax quinquefolius L. using UPLC Q-Orbitrap MS-based metabolomics approach. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4843-4852. [PMID: 37576031 PMCID: PMC10420767 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
American ginseng, Panax quinquefolius L., is an important medicinal plant with multiple pharmacological effects and high nutritional value. American ginseng from different geographical origins varies in quality and price. However, there was no approach for discriminating American ginseng from different geographical origins to date. In this study, a metabolomic method based on the UPLC-Orbitrap fusion platform was established to comprehensively determine and analyze metabolites of American ginseng from America and Canada, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Shandong provinces in China. A total of 382 metabolites were detected, including 230 saponins, 30 amino acids and derivatives, 27 organic acids and derivatives, 25 lipids, 17 carbohydrates and derivatives, 10 phenols, 8 nucleotides, and derivatives, as well as 35 other metabolites. Metabolite differences between North America and Asia producing areas were more obvious than within Asia. Twenty metabolites, contributed most to the differentiation of producing areas, were identified as potential markers with prediction accuracy higher than 91%. The results provide new insights into the metabolite composition of American ginseng from different origins, which will help discriminate origins and promote quality control of American ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Pang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation and PropagationChangchunChina
| | - Xiangmin Piao
- State‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and ApplicationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Ginseng Antler Office of Jilin Province (TCM Development Center of Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Jilin Province)ChangchunChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation and PropagationChangchunChina
| | - Yinping Jin
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation and PropagationChangchunChina
| | - Zheng Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation and PropagationChangchunChina
| | - Yingping Wang
- State‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and ApplicationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
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9
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Xu X, Jiang M, Li X, Wang Y, Liu M, Wang H, Mi Y, Chen B, Gao X, Yang W. Three-dimensional characteristic chromatogram by online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography: Application to the identification and differentiation of ginseng from herbal medicines to various Chinese patent medicines. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1700:464042. [PMID: 37163941 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
One bottleneck problem in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the accurate identification of easily confused herbal medicines from Chinese patent medicine (CPM). Ginseng products derived from the multiple parts (e.g., root/rhizome, leaf, and flower bud) of multiple Panax species (P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, and P. japonicus var. major) are globally popular; however, their authentication is very challenging. Using online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC), we propose the concept of a three-dimensional characteristic chromatogram (3D CC) by integrating enhanced LC × LC separation and a contour plot that visualizes the stereoscopic chromatographic peaks and examine its performance in authenticating various ginseng products. Targeted at the resolution of 17 ginsenoside markers, an online LC × LC/UV system with a 56 min analysis time was constructed: a CORTECS UPLC Shield RP 18 column running at 0.1 mL/min for the first-dimensional chromatography and a Poroshell SB-Aq column at 2.0 mL/min in shift gradient mode in the second dimension of separation. In particular, ginsenosides Rg1/Re and Rc/Ra1 were well resolved. According to the presence/absence of stereo peaks consistent with the main ginsenoside markers in the 3D CC and the depth of shade (depending on peak volume), it was feasible to use a single method to identify and distinguish among 12 different ginseng species as the drug materials and the use of ginseng simultaneously from 21 CPMs. Conclusively, a practical solution enabling the accurate identification of easily confused TCMs was provided, covering both the drug materials and the compound preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Meiting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Meiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yueguang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Boxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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10
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Qu H, Wang J, Yao C, Wei X, Wu Y, Cheng M, He X, Li J, Wei W, Zhang J, Bi Q, Guo DA. Enhanced profiling and quantification of ginsenosides from mountain-cultivated ginseng and comparison with garden-cultivated ginseng. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1692:463826. [PMID: 36774914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng can be generally divided into mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and garden-cultivated ginseng (GCG). The market price of MCG is significantly higher than that of GCG. However, the chemical compositions of MCG and the differences from GCG remained unclear. In this study, an integrated strategy combing an offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography separation, LTQ-orbitrap dual mode acquisition, and Q-trap full quantification/quasi-quantification was proposed to explore and compare the chemical compositions of MCG. Consequently, 559 ginsenosides were characterized, among which 437 ginsenosides were in-depth characterized with α-chain and β-chain annotated. Subsequently, enhanced quantification of 213 ginsenosides was conducted in 57 batches of MCG and GCG. Ginsenosides were found more abundant in MCG than GCG. In addition, 25-year-old MCG could be distinctly differentiated from 15/20-year-old MCG. This strategy facilitated the enhanced profiling and comparison of ginsenosides, improved the quality control tactics of MCG and provided a reference approach for other ginseng related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yisong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengzhen Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qirui Bi
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - De-An Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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11
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Wei RY, Jiang YY, Tang K, Wang Z, Tan NH. Simultaneous determination of Panax notoginseng total saponins in rabbit tears by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1218:123490. [PMID: 36854204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng total saponins (PNS), the main bioactive components of the radix and rhizome of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, could treat eye disorders. For the treatment of ocular diseases, eye drops are the first choice with the most common, economic and good compliance. So we proposed that PNS might be able to treat inflammatory ocular surface diseases by eye drops based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The short elimination half-life (t1/2) and rapid elimination of PNS after oral or intravenous administration may limit its application for eye disorders. Meanwhile, there is a lack of pharmacokinetic study on trace amount of tear samples with PNS eye drops. Therefore, a simple and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode was firstly developed and applied in the pharmacokinetic study of PNS in rabbit tears. Tears samples were prepared by protein precipitation using methanol. The linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, specificity, precision, repeatability, stability, recovery, and matrix effect have been investigated and passed their validation criteria. Compared with prior methods, this method has the advantages of rapid analysis, high sensitivity, simple sample preparation and less sample demands. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that PNS eye drops had a slower elimination and a longer t1/2 by topical ocular administration, which is expected to improve the success rate of eye drops in the treatment of anterior segment diseases. The ocular pharmacokinetics of PNS provides an experimental guidance and feasibility basis for in vivo effect verification of PNS eye drops in the future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yun Wei
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ye-Ying Jiang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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12
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Sun Y, Fu X, Qu Y, Chen L, Liu X, He Z, Xu J, Yang J, Ma W, Li J, Guo Q, Zhang Y. Characterization of Ginsenosides from the Root of Panax ginseng by Integrating Untargeted Metabolites Using UPLC-Triple TOF-MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052068. [PMID: 36903315 PMCID: PMC10004652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the chemical distinctions of Panax ginseng Meyer in different growth environments and explore the effects of growth-environment factors on P. ginseng growth, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS) was used to characterize the ginsenosides obtained by ultrasonic extraction from P. ginseng grown in different growing environments. Sixty-three ginsenosides were used as reference standards for accurate qualitative analysis. Cluster analysis was used to analyze the differences in main components and clarified the influence of growth environment factors on P. ginseng compounds. A total of 312 ginsenosides were identified in four types of P. ginseng, among which 75 were potential new ginsenosides. The number of ginsenosides in L15 was the highest, and the number of ginsenosides in the other three groups was similar, but it was a great difference in specie of ginsenosides. The study confirmed that different growing environments had a great influence on the constituents of P. ginseng, and provided a new breakthrough for the further study of the potential compounds in P. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaojie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ying Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zichao He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qingmei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Correspondence: (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-0531-82805106 (Q.G.); +86-10-82805106 (Y.Z.)
| | - Youbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Q.G.); (Y.Z.); Tel.: +86-0531-82805106 (Q.G.); +86-10-82805106 (Y.Z.)
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13
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Wang X, Jiang M, Lou J, Zou Y, Liu M, Li Z, Guo D, Yang W. Pseudotargeted Metabolomics Approach Enabling the Classification-Induced Ginsenoside Characterization and Differentiation of Ginseng and Its Compound Formulation Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1735-1747. [PMID: 36632992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of diversified ginseng extracts in health-promoting foods is difficult to differentiate, as they share bioactive ginsenosides among different Panax species (e.g., P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, P. notoginseng, and P. japonicus) and different parts (e.g., root, leaf, and flower). This work was designed to develop a pseudo-targeted metabolomics approach to discover ginsenoside markers facilitating the precise authentication of ginseng and its use in compound formulation products (CFPs). Versatile mass spectrometry experiments on the QTrap mass spectrometer achieved classified characterization of the neutral, malonyl, and oleanolic acid-type ginsenosides, with 567 components characterized. A pseudo-targeted metabolomics approach by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of 262 ion pairs could assist to establish key identification points for 12 ginseng species. The simultaneous detection of 14 markers enabled the identification of ginseng from 15 ginseng-containing CFPs. The pseudo-targeted metabolomics strategy enabled better performance in differentiating among multiple ginseng, compared with the full-scan high-resolution mass spectrometry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
| | - Meiting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
| | - Jia Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
| | - Yadan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
| | - Meiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin301617, China
| | - Dean Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin301617, China
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14
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Moldoveanu SC, Gan H. Comparison of two methods for ginsenosides quantitation. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2201063. [PMID: 36625064 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202201063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides a comparison of two liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for ginsenosides analysis. The two methods have the same liquid chromatography separation procedure, and both use tandem mass spectrometry detection. However, one method uses multiple reaction monitoring transitions commonly recommended in the literature starting with [M + Na]+ as the molecular ions and with detection of specific fragment ions from the molecules M, while the other is an original method using [M + Cs]+ as molecular ions and Cs+ as fragment ion. The method using [M + Cs]+ as molecular ion has a very high sensitivity allowing the measurement of concentrations in the injecting solutions as low as 4 ng/ml with peaks at this concentration showing signal to noise ratio of 20 or higher. The procedures were utilized for the measurement of eight ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf (S), Rg1, and Rg2), although the method using [M + Cs]+ has the potential for measuring other ginsenosides. As an application, the ginsenosides were measured in several types of ginseng root, several dietary supplements containing ginseng extracts, four energy drinks, and a sample of ashwagandha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huamin Gan
- R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Liu M, Xu X, Wang X, Wang H, Mi Y, Gao X, Guo D, Yang W. Enhanced Identification of Ginsenosides Simultaneously from Seven Panax Herbal Extracts by Data-Dependent Acquisition Including a Preferred Precursor Ions List Derived from an In-House Programmed Virtual Library. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13796-13807. [PMID: 36239255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Data-dependent acquisition (DDA) is widely utilized for metabolite identification in natural product research and food science, which, however, can suffer from low coverage. A potential solution to improve DDA coverage is to include the precursor ions list (PIL). Here, we aimed to construct a PIL-containing DDA strategy based on an in-house library of ginsenosides (VLG) and identify ginsenosides simultaneously from seven Panax herbal extracts. VLG, combined with mass defect filtering, could efficiently screen the ginsenoside precursors and elaborate the separate PIL involved in DDA for each ginseng extract. Consequently, we could characterize 500 ginsenosides, including 176 ones with unknown masses. Using the Panax ginseng extract, the superiority of this strategy was embodied in targeting more known ginsenoside masses and newly acquiring the MS2 spectra of 13 components. Conclusively, knowledge-based large-scale molecular prediction and PIL-DDA can represent a powerful targeted/untargeted strategy beneficial to novel natural compound discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yueguang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dean Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
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16
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Yang F, Chen B, Jiang M, Wang H, Hu Y, Wang H, Xu X, Gao X, Yang W. Integrating Enhanced Profiling and Chemometrics to Unveil the Potential Markers for Differentiating among the Leaves of Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ion Mobility-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175549. [PMID: 36080314 PMCID: PMC9458027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Panax species (e.g., Panax ginseng-PGL, P. quinquefolius-PQL, and P. notoginseng-PNL) can serve as a source for healthcare products. Comprehensive characterization and unveiling of the metabolomic difference among PGL, PQL, and PNL are critical to ensure their correct use. For this purpose, enhanced profiling and chemometrics were integrated to probe into the ginsenoside markers for PGL/PQL/PNL by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS). A hybrid scan approach (HDMSE-HDDDA) was established achieving the dimension-enhanced metabolic profiling, with 342 saponins identified or tentatively characterized from PGL/PQL/PNL. Multivariate statistical analysis (33 batches of leaf samples) could unveil 42 marker saponins, and the characteristic ginsenosides diagnostic for differentiating among PGL/PQL/PNL were primarily established. Compared with the single DDA or DIA, the HDMSE-HDDDA hybrid scan approach could balance between the metabolome coverage and spectral reliability, leading to high-definition MS spectra and the additional collision-cross section (CCS) useful to differentiate isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-022-5979-1833
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17
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Mi Y, Hu W, Li W, Wan S, Xu X, Liu M, Wang H, Mei Q, Chen Q, Yang Y, Chen B, Jiang M, Li X, Yang W, Guo D. Systematic Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Wenxin Granule via Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Triple Quadrupole–Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113647. [PMID: 35684583 PMCID: PMC9181919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wenxin granule (WXG) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of arrhythmia disease. Potent analytical technologies are needed to elucidate its chemical composition and assess the quality differences among multibatch samples. In this work, both a multicomponent characterization and quantitative assay of WXG were conducted using two liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approaches. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) approach combined with intelligent peak annotation workflows was developed to characterize the multicomponents of WXG. A hybrid scan approach enabling alternative data-independent and data-dependent acquisitions was established. We characterized 205 components, including 92 ginsenosides, 53 steroidal saponins, 14 alkaloids, and 46 others. Moreover, an optimized scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) method was elaborated, targeting 24 compounds of WXG via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTrap-MS), which was validated based on its selectivity, precision, stability, repeatability, linearity, sensitivity, recovery, and matrix effect. By applying this method to 27 batches of WXG samples, the content variations of multiple markers from Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (21) and Codonopsis Radix (3) were depicted. Conclusively, we achieved the comprehensive multicomponent characterization and holistic quality assessment of WXG by targeting the non-volatile components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Wandi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Shiyu Wan
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Meiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Quanxi Mei
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Boxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Meiting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-022-5979-1833
| | - Dean Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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18
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Xie H, Wang H, Chen B, Lou J, Wang H, Xiong Y, Hu Y, Xu X, Jing Q, Jiang M, Wang S, Liu J, Yang F, Li X, Liu E, Yang W. Untargeted metabolomics analysis to unveil the chemical markers for the differentiation among three Gleditsia sinensis-derived herbal medicines by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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19
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Li X, Liu J, Zuo TT, Hu Y, Li Z, Wang HD, Xu XY, Yang WZ, Guo DA. Advances and challenges in ginseng research from 2011 to 2020: the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:875-909. [PMID: 35128553 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2011 to the end of 2020Panax species (Araliaceae), particularly P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, have a long history of medicinal use because of their remarkable tonifying effects, and currently serve as crucial sources for various healthcare products, functional foods, and cosmetics, aside from their vast clinical preparations. The huge market demand on a global scale prompts the continuous prosperity in ginseng research concerning the discovery of new compounds, precise quality control, ADME (absorption/disposition/metabolism/excretion), and biosynthesis pathways. Benefitting from the ongoing rapid development of analytical technologies, e.g. multi-dimensional chromatography (MDC), personalized mass spectrometry (MS) scan strategies, and multi-omics, highly recognized progress has been made in driving ginseng analysis towards "systematicness, integrity, personalization, and intelligentization". Herein, we review the advances in the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis pathway of ginseng over the past decade (2011-2020), with 410 citations. Emphasis is placed on the introduction of new compounds isolated (saponins and polysaccharides), and the emerging novel analytical technologies and analytical strategies that favor ginseng's authentic use and global consumption. Perspectives on the challenges and future trends in ginseng analysis are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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20
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Liu J, Wang HD, Yang FF, Chen BX, Li X, Huang QX, Li J, Li XY, Li Z, Yu HS, Guo DA, Yang WZ. Multi-level fingerprinting and cardiomyocyte protection evaluation for comparing polysaccharides from six Panax herbal medicines. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118867. [PMID: 34893272 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of polysaccharides in quality control of ginseng is underestimated. Large-scale comparison on the polysaccharides of Panax ginseng (PG), P. quinquefolius (PQ), P. notoginseng (PN), Red ginseng (RG), P. japonicus (ZJS), and P. japonicus var. major (ZZS), was performed by both chemical and biological approaches. Holistic fingerprinting at polysaccharide and the hydrolyzed oligosaccharide and monosaccharide levels utilized various chromatography methods, while OGD and OGD/R models on H9c2 cells were introduced to evaluate the protective effects on cell viability and mitochondrial function. Polysaccharides from six ginseng species exhibited remarkable content difference (RG > PG/ZZS/ZJS/PQ > PN), but weak differentiations in molecular weight distribution and oligosaccharide profiles, while Glc and GalA were richer for monosaccharide compositions of PG and RG polysaccharides, respectively. RG polysaccharides (25/50/100 μg/mL) showed significant cardiomyocyte protection by regulating mitochondrial functions. These new evidences may provide support for the supplementary role of polysaccharides in quality control of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fei-Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bo-Xue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qing-Xia Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiang-Yan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - He-Shui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - De-An Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
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21
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Comprehensive chemical profiling of the flowers of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. and uncovering the active ingredients of lipid lowering. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 211:114621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Li W, Yang X, Chen B, Zhao D, Wang H, Sun M, Li X, Xu X, Liu J, Wang S, Mi Y, Wang H, Yang W. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics combined with quantitative assay unveiled the metabolic difference among the root, leaf, and flower bud of Panax notoginseng. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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23
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Xu X, Wang S, Wang H, Hu W, Han L, Chen B, Li X, Wang H, Li H, Gao X, Guo D, Yang W. Simultaneous quantitative assays of 15 ginsenosides from 119 batches of ginseng samples representing 12 traditional Chinese medicines by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462504. [PMID: 34487881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive consumption of ginseng, precise quality control of different ginseng products is highly challenging due to the containing of ginsenosides in common for different Panax species or different parts (e.g. root, leaf, and flower) of a same species. Herein we performed a comparative investigation of diverse ginseng products by simultaneously assaying 15 saponins (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, -Re, -Rf, -Ra2, -Rb1, -Rc, -Ro, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rd, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3, 24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11, chikusetsusaponins IV, and -IVa) using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/charged aerosol detector (UHPLC-CAD) approach. Twelve Panax-derived ginseng products (involving P. ginseng root, P. quinquefolius root, P. notoginseng root, Red ginseng, P. ginseng leaf, P. quinquefolius leaf, P. notoginseng leaf, P. ginseng flower, P. quinquefolius flower, P. notoginseng flower, P. japonicus root, and P. japonicus var. major root) were considered. Benefiting from the condition optimization, the baseline resolution of 15 ginsenosides was achieved on a CORTECS UPLC Shield RP18 column. This method was validated as specific, precise (0.81-1.94% intra-day variation; 0.86-2.35% inter-day variation), and accurate (recovery: 90.73-107.5%), with good linearity (R2 > 0.999), high sensitivity (limit of detection: 0.02-0.21 μg; limit of quantitation: 0.04-0.42 μg) and sample stability (1.49-4.74%). Its application to 119 batches of ginseng samples unveiled vital information enabling the authentication of these different ginseng products. Detection of ginsenosides by CAD exhibited superiority over UV in sensitivity and the ability to monitor chromophore-free structures. Large-scale comparative studies by quantifying multiple markers provide methodological reference to the precise quality control of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Simiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wandi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Building #6, No.27, Xinjinqiao Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201206, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dean Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Wu M, Lin R, Yin J, Ding H, Han L, Yang W, Bie S, Wang C, Zheng W, Song X, Ma B, Yu H, Li Z. The multicomponent characterization of Shuanghe decoction by dimension-enhanced data-independent HDMSE: Focusing on the performance comparison between MSE and HDMSE. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Xue Z, Xu L, Shang Z, Shi X, Ye M, Qiao X. Discovery of minor quality evaluation marker compounds for Chinese patent medicine products using a two-leveled metabolomics strategy. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462354. [PMID: 34214834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) are popularly used in clinical practice. Though the composition is complex, the quality of CPM is usually evaluated by the contents of a few main compounds. In this study, a two-leveled metabolomics strategy was proposed to discover minor marker compounds for different CPM products. Zhenqi Fuzheng (ZQFZ) granule was studied an example, where 15 batches from 3 producers were analyzed. The samples were separated using UHPLC on an Acquity UPLC® HSS T3 column, and then detected using Q-Orbitrap-MS. In the first level, 1475 common peaks were extracted and 95 compounds were identified using diagnostic ions and a homemade database. In the second level, the data were subjected to a two-way hierarchical clustering analysis and screened by variable importance value. In total 14 marker compounds were discovered which were responsible for the grouping of different ZQFZ products. Echinacoside (22), oleoside (13), loganic acid (5), salidroside (7), ligustrosidic acid (42), 6α-hydroxygeniposide (28), and oleoside 11-methyl ester (15) could be used to reflect the quality difference for ZQFZ granule products. The proposed strategy could also contribute to the discovery of quality control markers for other CPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhanpeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Jin TT, Liu FJ, Jiang Y, Wang L, Lu X, Li P, Li HJ. Molecular-networking-guided discovery of species-specific markers for discriminating five medicinal Paris herbs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153542. [PMID: 33799225 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paridis Rhizoma (PR) is a famous traditional herbal medicine. Apart from two officially recorded species, viz. Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. - Mazz. (PPY) and P. polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara (PPC), there are still many other species used as folk medicine. It is necessary to understand the metabolic differences among Paris species. PURPOSE To establish a strategy that can discover species-specific steroidal saponin markers to distinguish closely-related Paris herbs for quality and safety control. METHODS A new strategy of molecular-networking-guided discovery of species-specific markers was proposed. Firstly, the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was applied to obtain the MS and MS/MS data of all samples. Then, molecular networking (MN) was created using MS/MS data to prescreen the steroidal saponins for subsequent analysis. Next, the principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were established to discover potential markers. Finally, the verification, identification and distribution of chemical markers were performed. RESULTS A total of 126 steroidal saponins were screened out from five species using MN. Five species were classified successfully by OPLS-DA model, and 18 species-specific markers were discovered combining the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value, P value (one-way ANOVA) and their relative abundance. These markers could predict the species of Paris herbs correctly. CONCLUSION These results revealed that this new strategy could be an efficient way for chemical discrimination of medicinal herbs with close genetic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of chemical engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Long Wang
- College of chemical engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wang H, Wang S, Zhao D, Xie H, Wang H, Sun M, Yang X, Qian Y, Wang X, Li X, Gao X, Yang W. A novel ion mobility separation-enabled and precursor ions list-included high-definition data-dependent acquisition (HDDDA) approach: Method development and its application to the comprehensive multicomponent characterization of Fangji Huangqi Decoction. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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HPLC–MS/MS Analysis and Study on the Adsorption/Desorption Characteristics of Ginsenosides on Anion-Exchange Macroporous Resins. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yang WZ, Qian YX, Xie HM, Zuo TT, Li X, Hu Y, Wang HD, Gao XM. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and database-driven automatic peak annotation for the rapid profiling and characterization of the multicomponents from stephaniae tetrandrae radix (Fang-Ji). WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_56_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Turova P, Rodin I, Shpigun O, Stavrianidi A. A new PARAFAC-based algorithm for HPLC-MS data treatment: herbal extracts identification. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:948-956. [PMID: 32558082 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Role of highly informative high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) methods in quality control is increasing. Complex herbal products and formulations can simultaneously contain extracts from different plants. Therefore, due to the leads to lack of commercial standards it is important to develop novel approaches for comprehensive treatment of big datasets. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to create a straightforward and information-saving algorithm for the identification of plants extracts in commercial products. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 34 samples, including Glycyrrhiza glabra and Panax ginseng dried roots; and Abrus precatorius dried leaves, their double and triple mixtures and flavoured oolong tea samples were analysed by HPLC-MS and combined in a three-dimensional dataset (retention time-mass-to-charge ratio (m/z)-samples). This dataset was subjected to smoothing and denoising techniques and further decomposed using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). RESULTS Samples were divided into eight clusters; loading matrices were interpreted and the presence of the most characteristic triterpene glycoside groups was demonstrated and supported by the characteristic chromatogram approach. The occurrence of Abrus precatorius and G. glabra additives in flavoured tea was confirmed. CONCLUSION Developed HPLC-MS-PARAFAC method is potentially reliable and an efficient tool for handling untreated experimental data and its future development may lead to more comprehensive evaluation of chemical composition and quality control of food additives and other complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Turova
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Rodin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Shpigun
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Lyu W, Yuan B, Dinssa FF, Simon JE, Wu Q. Rapid screening of glycoalkaloids in Solanum scabrum and S. nigrum berries using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with pathway-specified in-source fragmentation tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8882. [PMID: 32644256 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The safe consumption of Solanum scabrum and S. nigrum berries (SNBs) depends on a reliable and rapid chemical screen for the testing of the fruit and/or final food and industrial products for the presence and level of toxic glycoalkaloids. Such a rapid and sensitive screen could also be used by those involved in food safety and forensics, industry, research labs and those in agriculture production, breeding and food processing. Significant variation in the content and composition of glycoalkaloids across SNBs has been reported. To facilitate high-throughput targeted analysis, this work overcame the slow scan speed of a traditional triple quadruple mass spectrometry (QqQ) method by development of a pseudo-MS3 method. METHODS In-source fragmentation functioned as a pseudo-MS or pseudo-hydrolysis to trim down the structurally diverse and complex glycosides into five types of aglycone ions, which were then analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Characteristic product ions were selected based on the aglycone skeleton and substitution pattern and associated fragmentation pathway. RESULTS A compact method with only 15 MRM transitions were developed for high-throughput screening of very diverse glycoalkaloids. Glycosides of the same aglycone type were readily identified in the same transition window without the need for mass spectra interpretation. Validated using solamargine, the sole available standard, the accuracy was 99.7-101.3%, the intra- and inter-day precision were, respectively, 2.5-5.0% and 8.0-9.2%, and the lower limit of detection and quantification were, respectively, 3.1 and 10.2 ng/mL (with 1 μL injection volume). CONCLUSIONS The peudo-MS3 method allowed for high-throughput targeted analysis with compact MRM transitions to address a large number of glycoalkaloids with diverse structures. This method could serve to meet the most heavy-duty demand for rapid inspection of glycoalkaloids in SNBs. This method can be adopted and used by those involved in food safety and forensics, in developing food and industrial products and in genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Lyu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agricultural Food Ecosystems, The New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Bo Yuan
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agricultural Food Ecosystems, The New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Fekadu F Dinssa
- WorldVeg Center, Eastern and Southern Africa, P.O. Box 10 Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - James E Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agricultural Food Ecosystems, The New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology and Center for Agricultural Food Ecosystems, The New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Quantitative aspects of the hydrolysis of ginseng saponins: Application in HPLC-MS analysis of herbal products. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:246-253. [PMID: 33841005 PMCID: PMC8020340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng is one of the most valuable herbal supplements. It is challenging to perform quality control of ginseng products due to the diversity of bioactive saponins in their composition. Acid or alkaline hydrolysis is often used for the structural elucidation of these saponins and sugars in their side chains. Complete transformation of the original ginsenosides into their aglycones during the hydrolysis is one of the ways to determine a total saponin group content. The main hurdle of this approach is the formation of various by-products that was reported by many authors. Methods Separate HPLC assessment of the total protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and ocotillol ginsenoside contents is a viable alternative to the determination of characteristic biomarkers of these saponin groups, such as ginsenoside Rf and pseudoginsenoside F11, which are commonly used for authentication of P. ginseng Meyer and P. quinquefolius L. samples respectively. Moreover, total ginsenoside content is an ideal aggregated parameter for standardization and quality control of ginseng-based medicines, because it can be directly applied for saponin dosage calculation. Results Different hydrolysis conditions were tested to develop accurate quantification method for the elucidation of total ginsenoside contents in herbal products. Linearity, limits of quantification, limits of detection, accuracy and precision were evaluated for the developed HPLC-MS method. Conclusion Alkaline hydrolysis results in fewer by-products than sugar elimination in acidic conditions. An equimolar response, as a key parameter for quantification, was established for several major ginsenosides. The developed approach has shown acceptable results in the analysis of several different herbal products.
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