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Yilmaz SG, Aydin O, Tali HE, Karadag G, Sonmez K, Bayraktar E, Yilmaz A, Turan N, Mutlu Z, Iqbal M, Richt JA, Yilmaz H. Brain invasion of bovine coronavirus: molecular analysis of bovine coronavirus infection in calves with severe pneumonia and neurological signs. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:25.e45. [PMID: 38910307 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although the role of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in calf diarrhea and respiratory disorders is well documented, its contribution to neurological diseases is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study conducted virological investigations of calves showing diarrhea and respiratory and neurological signs. METHODS An outbreak of diarrhea, respiratory, and neurological disorders occurred among the 12 calves in July 2022 in Istanbul, Türkiye. Two of these calves exhibited neurological signs and died a few days after the appearance of symptoms. One of these calves was necropsied and analyzed using molecular and histopathological tests. RESULTS BCoV RNA was detected in the brain, lung, spleen, liver, and intestine of the calf that had neurological signs by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunostaining was also observed in the intestine and brain. A 622 bp S1 gene product was noted on gel electrophoresis only in the brain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BCoV detected in this study had a high proximity to the BCoV strain GIb with 99.19% nucleotide sequence homology to the strains detected in Poland, Israel, Türkiye, and France. No distinct genetic lineages were observed when the brain isolate was compared with the respiratory and enteric strains reported to GenBank. In addition, the highest identity (98,72%) was obtained with the HECV 4408 and L07748 strains of human coronaviruses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The strain detected in a calf brain belongs to the GIb-European lineage and shares high sequence homology with BCoV strains detected in Europe and Israel. In addition, the similarity between the human coronaviruses (4408 and L07748) raises questions about the zoonotic potential of the strains detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semaha Gul Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Aydin
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Emre Tali
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Karadag
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Türkiye
| | - Kivilcim Sonmez
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Türkiye
| | | | - Aysun Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Türkiye
| | - Nuri Turan
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Türkiye
| | - Zihni Mutlu
- Department of Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Türkiye
| | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Jurgen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Huseyin Yilmaz
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Türkiye.
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Wu Y, Zhang G, Jiang H, Xin T, Jia L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Qin T, Xu C, Cao J, Ameni G, Ahmad A, Ding J, Li L, Ma Y, Fan X. Molecular Characteristics of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains Isolated from Persistently Infected Cattle. Vet Sci 2023; 10:413. [PMID: 37505819 PMCID: PMC10384089 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported the isolation, identification, and molecular characteristics of nine BVDV strains that were isolated from the serum of persistently infected cattle. The new strains were designated as BVDV TJ2101, TJ2102, TJ2103, TJ2104, TJ2105, TJ2106, TJ2107, TJ2108 and TJ2109. The TJ2102 and TJ2104 strains were found to be cytopathic BVDV, and the other strains were non-cytopathic BVDV. An alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that the new isolates share 92.2-96.3% homology with the CP7 strain and, thus, were classified as the BVDV-1b subgenotype. A recombination analysis of the genome sequences showed that the new strains could be recombined by the major parent BVDV-1a NADL strain and the minor parent BVDV-1m SD-15 strain. Some genome variations or unique amino acid mutations were found in 5'-UTR, E0 and E2 of these new isolates. In addition, a potential linear B cell epitopes prediction showed that the potential linear B cell epitope at positions 56-61 is highly variable in BVDV-1b. In conclusion, the present study has identified nine strains of BVDV from persistently infected cattle in China. Further studies on the virulence and pathogenesis of these new strains are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Xin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tong Qin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arfan Ahmad
- University Diagnostic Lab, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Jiabo Ding
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Limin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xuezheng Fan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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İnce ÖB, Ayaz A. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:246. [PMID: 37344712 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an infectious agent that is extensively observed worldwide and is among the crucial pathogens of the cattle industry. BVDV infection causes gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. This study aimed to determine the seropositivity and associated potential risk factors for the risk assessment of BVDV infection in the dairy cattle population in the Aegean Region of Turkey. In this cross-sectional study, 552 serum samples were collected between August 2018 and September 2019 from 48 herds that were not vaccinated against BVDV. Farmers were interviewed using a questionnaire on potential BVDV risk factors. BVDV-specific antibodies in serum samples were detected using a commercial indirect-ELISA kit. The herd-level and animal-level prevalence of BVDV seropositivity was 89.58% (95% CI: 77.83-95.47) and 48.37% (95% CI: 44.23-52.54), respectively. The multivariable logistic regression model analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between BVDV infection and age, common pasture use with small ruminants, the use of natural insemination, and history of respiratory and/or reproduction problems. The results of this study showed that BVDV infection is common in dairy herds in the Aegean Region. The risk assessment would aid the implementation of a voluntary control programme for BVDV in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Barış İnce
- Animal Breeding and Genetic Research and Implementation Center, Pamukkale University, Pamukkale, 20100, Denizli, Turkey.
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Eregli, 42310, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Alparslan Ayaz
- Province Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Characterization of a Highly Virulent Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2b Isolate Detected in Cattle in Inner Mongolia, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3821435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection causes subclinical to severe acute disease in cattle all over the world. Two genotypes of BVDV are recognized, BVDV1 and BVDV2. Currently, the subtypes of BVDV1b and BVDV2a are mainly circulating in China. Here, a newly noncytopathic (ncp) BVDV strain named BVDVNM21 was isolated and identified from cattle. We determined the complete genome sequence of BVDVNM21, phylogenetic analysis of 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), Npro, and E2 gene, and complete genome showed the virus belongs to BVDV2b subtype and formed an independent clade within BVDV2b. Genome-wide sequence analysis showed that BVDVNM21 had high homology with SD1301 (98.10%) isolated from China. In the experimental infection study of guinea pigs and calves, they all developed similar clinical signs, including a pronounced and prolonged febrile response lasting more than 3 days and pronounced reduction in white blood cells (WBC) and platelets of more than 40%. Moreover, guinea pigs showed more acute infection characteristics after infection, and WBC decreased by more than 50% at 1 day postinfection (dpi), and they recovered in less than 3 days. The results indicated that the BVDVNM21 strain showed high virulence in calves. It was the first confirmed isolation of a highly pathogenic ncpBVDV2b in cattle, as well as the establishment of the BVDV-guinea pig model. This study may provide a basis for further research and control of the prevalence of BVDV2b in China.
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Shah PT, Nawal Bahoussi A, Ahmad A, Sikandar M, Xing L. Bovine viral diarrhea virus in China: A comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis with complete genome sequences. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:992678. [PMID: 36118332 PMCID: PMC9478372 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.992678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), causing bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in cattle, is one of the highly contagious and devastating diseases of cattle. Since 1980, BVDV has been identified all-over China in a variety of animal species including cattle, camels, yaks, sheep, water buffalo, goats, Sika deer and pigs. In this study, 31 BVDV complete genomes reported in China (from 2004 to 2020) with other 112 genomes reported around the world were comparatively analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis shows that BVDV genomes reported worldwide clustered in three major clades i.e., BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and BVDV-3. The BVDV-1 is genetically the most diverged genotype and phylogenetically classified into 7 sub-clades in our study based on full-length genomes. The China BVDV genomes fall into all three major clades, e.g., BVDV-1, BVDV-2 and BVDV-3. China BVDV-1 clustered into five sub-clades, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7, where sub-clade 7 clustered as a separate sub-clade. Full-length genome recombination analysis reveals that the BVDV-1 reported in China appears to be mainly involved in recombination events. In addition, comparative analysis of E2 proteins between BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and BVDV-3 reveals that the amino acid variations could affect 12 potential linear B cell epitopes, demonstrating a dramatic antigen drift in the E2 protein. These results provide a thorough view of the information about the genetic and antigenic diversity of BVDVs circulating in China and therefore could benefit the development of suitable strategies for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Tariq Shah
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Aftab Ahmad
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Muhammad Sikandar
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Xing
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Xing
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Zhang K, Liang F, Zhou Q, Wang L, Li J. Prevalence characteristic of BVDV in some large scale dairy farms in Western China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:961337. [PMID: 35968024 PMCID: PMC9366859 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.961337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence characteristic of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in some large scale dairy farms in Western China. BVDV was detected in 30 samples of bulk tank milk (BTM) collected from 30 large dairy farms in 7 provinces of western China, 93.33% (28/30) of the farms were infected with BVDV, and S/P ratio was over 0.3 in 28 positive farms. The individual status was further estimated in the dairy farm (No. 10) with the highest positive rate (S/P ratio = 1.37) and the dairy farm (No. 17) with the lowest positive rate (S/P ratio = 0.39). Two hundred cows were, respectively, selected from calf, young cows and lactating cows in farm No. 10 and farm No. 17 and the serum sample of each enrolled cow was collected. The individual positive rate of serum antibody (Ab) was 87.17% (523/600) in farm No. 10 and 31.33% (188/600) in farm No. 17. The individual positive ratio of serum antibody in calves, young cows and lactating cows were 41.75 % (167/400), 58.75% (235/400) and 77.25% (309/400), respectively. BTM Ab of farm No. 10 has an S/P ratio more than 1.0, which indicated there were emergent or persistent infection (PI) cases, and further test showed that PI cases were 0.51% in farm No. 10. Pathogens were positive in 42.34% (163/385) of nasal mucus samples collected from cows with respiratory symptom, and BVDV cases were 57 in 163 positive samples. Three strains of NCP BVDV-1, one strain of CP BVDV-1, one strain of NCP BVDV-2 and one strain of CP BVDV-2 were successfully isolated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the subtypes of BVDV currently prevalent in western China were BVDV-1a, BVDV-1m, BVDV-1q and BVDV-2. The findings suggested that the BVDV infection is serious in some Large Scale Dairy Farms in Western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengying Qiu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Liang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiaoni Zhou
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang
| | - Jianxi Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Jianxi Li
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7
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Chang L, Qi Y, Liu D, Du Q, Zhao X, Tong D. Molecular detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Western China. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:66. [PMID: 33531007 PMCID: PMC7853163 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important global viral pathogen of cattle and other ruminants. To survey the infection rate and genetic diversity of BVDV in western China, a total of 1234 serum samples from 17 herds of dairy cattle, beef cattle and yak in 4 provinces were collected in 2019. RESULTS All the 1234 serum samples were screened individually for BVDV by RT-PCR. Our results demonstrated that the average positive rate of BVDV was 7.2% (89/1234) in animals and 82.4% (14/17) in herds. Thirteen BVDV strains were isolated from RT-PCR positive clinical samples and they were all NCP biotype. BVDV-1a and 1c subgenotypes were identified from 22 selected virus isolates in 14 BVDV-positive herds. These results confirmed that BVDV-1a and BVDV-1c were circulating in western China, similar to the BVDV epidemics in cattle in other regions of China. CONCLUSIONS This study provides data for monitoring and vaccination strategies of BVDV in western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanping Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Hou P, Xu Y, Wang H, He H. Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 in aerosol by a real time RT-PCR assay. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:114. [PMID: 32295612 PMCID: PMC7159024 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), has imposed a large burden on animal husbandry worldwide, and such virus can be transmitted mainly through direct contact with other infected animals and probably via aerosols. In the present study, we aimed to develop a real-time RT-PCR method for detection of BVDV-1 in aerosol samples. METHODS A pair of primers specific for highly conserved regions of the BVDV-1 5'-UTR was designed. The standard curve and sensitivity of the developed assay were assessed based on 10-fold serial dilutions of RNA molecular standard. The specificity of the assay was evaluated with other pestiviruses and infectious bovine viruses. The clinical performance was examined by testing 169 aerosol samples. RESULTS The results showed that a good linear relationship existed between the standard curve and the concentration of template. The lowest detection limit was 5.2 RNA molecules per reaction. This assay was specific for detection of BVDV-1, and no amplification was found for other pestiviruses such as classical swine fever virus (CSFV), border disease virus (BDV), and common infectious bovine viruses, including BVDV-2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) and bovine coronavirus (BcoV). The assay was highly reproducible with low variation coefficient values (CVs) for intra-assay and inter-assay. A total of 169 aerosol samples collected from six dairy herds were tested using this method. The results showed that the positive detection rate of BVDV-1 was 17.2% (29/169), which was significantly higher compared with the conventional RT-PCR. Additionally, the positive samples (n = 29) detected by real-time RT-PCR were verified by BVDV RPA-LFD, and a concordance rate of 100% was obtained between them. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we developed a real-time RT-PCR assay for quantitative analysis of BVDV-1 in aerosol samples, and our finding provided valuable insights into the risk on aerosol transmission of BVDV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province China
| | - Yaru Xu
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province China
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province China
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Timurkan MÖ, Aydın H. Increased genetic diversity of BVDV strains circulating in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey: first detection of BVDV-3 in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1953-1961. [PMID: 31055737 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen associated with loss of meat, milk, and reproductive performance in cattle across the world. There have been two types of BVDV identified worldwide: BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. However, a new type of BVDV, named HoBi-like pestivirus (BVDV-3), has been identified recently. BVDV presence in Turkey has been reported since the 1990s, but a mandatory vaccination program has not been implemented in Turkey so far. In serological studies conducted in Turkey for BVDV, reported seropositivity has been 50% on average. The aim of this study is to determine the genetic diversity of BVDV in blood and abortion materials from bovine in eastern Turkey. The presence of the virus was determined by antigen ELISA test. As a result of the phylogenetic analysis of 5'UTR, Npro and E2 genomic regions of the BVDV (n = 28), BVDV-1 (n = 25) was identified as the dominant type. In addition, BVDV-2 (n = 2) and BVDV-3 (n = 1) were determined which is the first report of HoBi-like pestivirus in Turkey. Although BVDV-1l (n = 19) was detected as the predominant sub-type of BVDV-1, 1a (n = 2), 1b (n = 1), 1c (n = 1), and 1d (n = 2) were also identified. In 2 samples, the BVDV-2 type detected was the 2a sub-type. In this study, it is emphasized that BVDV can be present in the abort materials as an agent and that it should be examined in the herd screening. In addition, it is understood that molecular epidemiological studies should continue for determining the genetic diversity of the viruses and that such studies should be carried out on the country basis. Necessary diagnostic programs should be developed for animals, which are imported or buying from other barns, and protection and control measures should be taken. The increase of reports on BVDV heterogeneity in Turkey and worldwide gets up related to the occurrence and spread of new BVDV types or variants, with potential implications for animal health and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Özkan Timurkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Virology Department, Atatürk University, Yakutiye, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Aydın
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Virology Department, Atatürk University, Yakutiye, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Hou P, Zhao G, Wang H, He H. Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle herds in eastern China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:791-798. [PMID: 30456692 PMCID: PMC7089171 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a worldwide spreading pestivirus affecting cattle and other ruminants; however, there have been few reports on epidemiologic investigation of BVDV in eastern China. In this study, bulk tank milk from 36 herds of dairy cattle in eastern China was submitted to serological investigations, 77.8% of herds was BVDV antibody positive. Individual animal status in two herds was further investigated collecting blood samples, the positive ratio was 49.74% and 24.64%, and the average positive ratio of calves, heifers, and lactating cows was 15.94%, 40.16%, and 41.7%, respectively. Moreover, clinical survey was carried out among 8170 dairy cattle from 36 herds, for diarrhea syndrome, respiratory problems and reproductive failure, and pathogens of all clinical cattle were further investigated. The results showed that BVDV was one of the main pathogen, which infected animals combining with various other viruses. Then, nine BVDV strains were isolated; phylogenetic analysis showed that BVDV subtypes currently circulating in eastern China were BVDV 1a and BVDV 1c. In addition, out of 377 cows tested, the 1.86% detected positive to the BVDV antigen. This study provided the foundation of further study on vaccination and control strategies of BVDV in eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guimin Zhao
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
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Yilmaz H, Gurel A, Aktas M, Yildirim F, Bamac OE, Haktanir D, Tekelioglu BK, Gur E, Altan Tarakci E, Helps C, Richt JA, Turan N. Clinical Virological and Pathological Investigations on Horses With Neurologic Disorders in Turkey. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Becher P. Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060128. [PMID: 28587150 PMCID: PMC5490805 DOI: 10.3390/v9060128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a globally-distributed agent responsible for numerous clinical syndromes that lead to major economic losses. Two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, discriminated on the basis of genetic and antigenic differences, are classified in the genus Pestivirus within the Flaviviridae family and distributed on all of the continents. BVDV-1 can be segregated into at least twenty-one subgenotypes (1a–1u), while four subgenotypes have been described for BVDV-2 (2a–2d). With respect to published sequences, the number of virus isolates described for BVDV-1 (88.2%) is considerably higher than for BVDV-2 (11.8%). The most frequently-reported BVDV-1 subgenotype are 1b, followed by 1a and 1c. The highest number of various BVDV subgenotypes has been documented in European countries, indicating greater genetic diversity of the virus on this continent. Current segregation of BVDV field isolates and the designation of subgenotypes are not harmonized. While the species BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 can be clearly differentiated independently from the portion of the genome being compared, analysis of different genomic regions can result in inconsistent assignment of some BVDV isolates to defined subgenotypes. To avoid non-conformities the authors recommend the development of a harmonized system for subdivision of BVDV isolates into defined subgenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Alpay
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Ochirkhuu N, Konnai S, Odbileg R, Odzaya B, Gansukh S, Murata S, Ohashi K. Molecular detection and characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Mongolian cattle and yaks. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2279-83. [PMID: 27206573 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is classified into two species, namely, Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2, and affects cattle worldwide, resulting in significant economic loss. The prevalence of BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 infections and its genotypes in Mongolian animals has not been studied. In this study, we surveyed BVDV infection in dairy cattle and yaks from Bornuur and Bulgan counties by RT-PCR, and the average infection rate in the sampling sites was 15.8 % and 20.0 %, respectively. In addition, molecular features of the 5'-UTR region of the BVDV genome in Mongolian cattle and yaks were identified as belonging to the subtypes BVDV-1a and BVDV-2a, respectively. Determining the prevalence, geographical distribution, and molecular diversity of BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 in various host species in Mongolia is important for further studies and process control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyamsuren Ochirkhuu
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Raadan Odbileg
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolia University of Life Science, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan, 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Battogtokh Odzaya
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolia University of Life Science, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan, 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Shura Gansukh
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolia University of Life Science, Khan-Uul district, Zaisan, 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
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Transcriptomic analysis of responses to cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (BVDV-1) infection in MDBK cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 71:192-202. [PMID: 26919728 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is responsible for significant economic losses in the dairy and cattle industry; however, little is known about the protective and pathological responses of hosts to infection. The present study determined the principal molecular markers implicated in viral infection through meta-transcriptomic analysis using MDBK cells infected for two hours with a field isolate of BVDV-1. While several immune regulator genes were induced, genes involved in cell signaling, metabolic processes, development, and integrity were down-regulated, suggesting an isolation of infected cells from cell-to-cell interactions and responses to external signals. Analysis through RT-qPCR confirmed the expression of more than one hundred markers. Interestingly, there was a significant up-regulation of two negative NF-κB regulators, IER3 and TNFAIP3, indicating a possible blocking of this signaling pathway mediated by BVDV-1 infection. Additionally, several genes involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species were down-regulated, suggesting increased oxidative stress. Notably, a number of genes involved in cellular growth and development were also regulated during infection, including MTHFD1L, TGIF1, and Brachyury. Moreover, there was an increased expression of the genes β-catenin, caprin-2, GSK3β, and MMP-7, all of which are crucial to the Wnt signaling pathway that is implicated in the embryonic development of a variety of organisms. This meta-transcriptomic analysis provides the first data towards understanding the infection mechanisms of cytopathic BVDV-1 and the putative molecular relationship between viral and host components.
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Silveira S, Weber MN, Mósena ACS, da Silva MS, Streck AF, Pescador CA, Flores EF, Weiblen R, Driemeier D, Ridpath JF, Canal CW. Genetic Diversity of Brazilian Bovine Pestiviruses Detected Between 1995 and 2014. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:613-623. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - M. N. Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - A. C. S. Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - M. S. da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - A. F. Streck
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - C. A. Pescador
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT); Cuiabá Brazil
| | - E. F. Flores
- Setor de Virologia; Centro de Ciências Rurais; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - R. Weiblen
- Setor de Virologia; Centro de Ciências Rurais; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM); Santa Maria Brazil
| | - D. Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária; Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - J. F. Ridpath
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit; National Animal Disease Center; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); Ames IA USA
| | - C. W. Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
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BVD-2 outbreak leads to high losses in cattle farms in Western Germany. Heliyon 2015; 1:e00019. [PMID: 27441213 PMCID: PMC4939757 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2015.e00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In November 2012, a dairy farmer in the district Kleve first observed a reduction in milk yield, respiratory symptoms, nasal discharge, fever, sporadic diarrhoea and sudden deaths in dairy cows and calves. In the following months, further farms were found infected with cattle showing similar clinical signs. An epidemiological investigation was carried out to identify the source of infection, the date of introduction, potential transmission pathways and to analyse the extent of the epidemic. Furthermore, laboratory analyses were conducted to characterise the causative agent. BVDV had been diagnosed in the index herd in December 2012, but due to the atypical clinical picture, the virus was not immediately recognised as the causative agent. Further laboratory analysis showed that this outbreak and subsequent infections in the area were caused by a BVD type 2c virus with a characteristic genome insertion, which seems to be associated with the occurrence of severe clinical symptoms in infected cattle. Epidemiological investigations showed that the probable date of introduction was in mid-October 2012. The high risk period was estimated as three months. A total of 21 affected farms with 5325 cattle were identified in two German Federal States. The virus was mainly transmitted by person contacts, but also by cattle trade and vehicles. The case-fatality rate was up to 60% and mortality in outbreak farms varied between 2.3 and 29.5%. The competent veterinary authorities imposed trade restrictions on affected farms. All persons who had been in contact with affected animals were advised to increase biosecurity measures (e.g. using farm-owned or disposable protective clothing). In some farms, affected animals were vaccinated against BVD to reduce clinical signs as an "emergency measure". These measures stopped the further spread of the disease.
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Giammarioli M, Ridpath J, Rossi E, Bazzucchi M, Casciari C, De Mia G. Genetic detection and characterization of emerging HoBi-like viruses in archival foetal bovine serum batches. Biologicals 2015; 43:220-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Aslan ME, Azkur AK, Gazyagci S. Epidemiology and genetic characterization of BVDV, BHV-1, BHV-4, BHV-5 and Brucella spp. infections in cattle in Turkey. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1371-7. [PMID: 26096964 PMCID: PMC4667652 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological data of bovine viral diarrhea
virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4), bovine
herpesvirus-5 (BHV-5) and Brucella–associated cattle that were previously
reported to have abortion and infertility problems in Ankara, Corum, Kirikkale and Yozgat
provinces, Turkey. Whole blood and sera samples were obtained from 656 cattle, and
antibodies against Brucella spp. were detected in 45 (6.86%) and 41
(6.25%) animals by Rose Bengal plate and serum tube agglutination tests, respectively. The
seropositivity rates against BVDV, BHV-1 and BHV-4 were 70.89%, 41.3% and 28.78%,
respectively. RT-PCR and PCR were performed to detect RNA and DNA viruses in blood
samples, respectively. The BVDV 5′-untranslated region and BHV-1 gB gene detected in this
study were phylogenetically analyzed. The BVDV strains analyzed in this study were closely
related to those previously reported from Turkey. The nucleotide sequence from the BHV-1
strain detected in this study is the first nucleotide sequence of BHV-1 circulating in
this area of Turkey deposited in the GenBank. The presence of Brucella
spp. and prevalence of BHV-1, BHV-4 and BVDV in cattle should be further investigated
throughout these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Eren Aslan
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey
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Gao Y, Zhao X, Sun C, Zang P, Yang H, Li R, Zhang L. A transgenic ginseng vaccine for bovine viral diarrhea. Virol J 2015; 12:73. [PMID: 25948546 PMCID: PMC4455706 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections are endemic in cattle populations worldwide and cause major economic losses. Thus, an effective vaccine is needed against the transmission of BVDV. The glycoprotein E(rns) is one of the envelope proteins of this virus and shows BVDV-related immunogenicity. Here, we report the use of Panax ginseng as an alternative production platform for the expression of glycoprotein E(rns) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. RESULT Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analyses showed that pBI121-E(rns) was stably integrated into the chromosome of transformants. ELISA assay and Western blot analysis confirmed the antigenicity of plant-derived E(rns) glycoprotein. Immunogenicity was evaluated subcutaneously in deer using a soluble protein extract of dried transgenic ginseng hairy roots. Specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against BVDV were detected following immunization. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that the E(rns) glycoprotein could be expressed in ginseng hairy roots and that plant-derived glycoprotein E(rns) retained its antigenicity and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Xueliang Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- College of AnimCal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yang Ling, 712100, China.
| | - Pu Zang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - He Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Ran Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
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Generation of the bovine viral diarrhea virus e0 protein in transgenic astragalus and its immunogenicity in sika deer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:372503. [PMID: 24963321 PMCID: PMC4054918 DOI: 10.1155/2014/372503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a single-stranded RNA virus, can cause fatal diarrhea syndrome, respiratory problems, and reproductive disorders in herds. Over the past few years, it has become clear that the BVDV infection rates are increasing and it is likely that an effective vaccine for BVDV will be needed. In this study, transgenic Astragalus was used as an alternative productive platform for the expression of glycoprotein E0. The immunogenicity of glycoprotein E0 expressed in transgenic Astragalus was detected in deer. The presence of pBI121-E0 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription was verified by reverse transcription- (RT-) PCR, and recombinant protein expression was confirmed by ELISA and Western blot analyses. Deer that were immunized subcutaneously with the transgenic plant vaccine developed specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against BVDV. This study provides a new method for a protein with weak immunogenicity to be used as part of a transgenic plant vaccine.
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Wang W, Shi X, Tong Q, Wu Y, Xia MQ, Ji Y, Xue W, Wu H. A bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1a strain in China: isolation, identification, and experimental infection in calves. Virol J 2014; 11:8. [PMID: 24444389 PMCID: PMC3901005 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important pathogens in cattle. Previously, BVDV sub-genotypes of 1b, 1c, 1d, and 1 m were detected in China. However, isolation of BVDV type 1a from cattle has not been reported in China. In 2010, twenty nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from the cattle suspected BVDV infection in Henan province, China. A BVDV isolate was isolated using cell culture, and the pathogenesis of the virus isolate was studied. Methods Virus isolation was performed on MDBK cells. The virus identification was conducted by RT-PCR, neutralization test and immunofluorescence assay. In order to determine the genotype of the newly isolated virus, the 5′ un-translated region (5′UTR) of the virus isolate was cloned, sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. To evaluate the virulence of the virus isolate, four BVDV sero-negative calves were intranasally inoculated with the virus suspension. Rectal temperatures and clinical signs were recorded daily. Blood samples were analyzed for changes in white blood cell counts, and tissue samples were taken for histopathology analysis. Results A new isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), named HN01, was isolated from the nasal swabs using MDBK cell culture. The HN01 strain caused cytopathic effect (CPE) in MDBK cell cultures after two passages. The virus specifically reacted to BVDV1-specific monoclonal antibody in an immunofluorescence assay. A fragment of 288 bp of genome from this isolate was amplified by the RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of 5′UTR indicated that the virus was BVDV 1a. In the pathogenesis study, four calves experimentally infected with the BVDV strain developed depression, cough and other clinical signs. Calves showed high temperature over 40°C, and white blood cell counts dropped more than 40%. Conclusions A new subgenotype 1a strain of BVDV was firstly isolated from dairy cattle in China. The experimental infection showed that the virus was moderate pathogenic to cattle and can be used as a BVDV challenge virus to evaluate the efficacy of BVDV vaccines in the target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hua Wu
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, CAAS, No, 4899, Juye Street, 130122 Changchun, PR China.
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Yeşilbağ K, Förster C, Ozyiğit MO, Alpay G, Tuncer P, Thiel HJ, König M. Characterisation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates from an outbreak with haemorrhagic enteritis and severe pneumonia. Vet Microbiol 2013; 169:42-9. [PMID: 24447942 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During 2007 a disease outbreak occurred in cattle in the Marmara region of western Turkey characterised by severe pneumonia and haemorrhagic enteritis in calves. Cases from three farms at different locations were examined and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolated in all cases. Phylogenetic characterisation of the virus isolates allocated them in a new cluster tentatively named as BVDV-1r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Christine Förster
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Ozgür Ozyiğit
- Department of Pathology, Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gizem Alpay
- Department of Virology, Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Pelin Tuncer
- Department of Virology, Uludağ University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Heinz-Jürgen Thiel
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubert Str. 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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