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Borges ALDSB, Aymée L, Carvalho-Costa FA, Lilenbaum W, Di Azevedo MIN. Molecular epidemiology of Leptospira spp. serogroup Sejroe associated with chronic bovine leptospirosis. Vet Microbiol 2024; 298:110238. [PMID: 39216324 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria Leptospira spp. are commonly associated with bovine leptospirosis, characterized chiefly by chronic and subclinical reproductive disorders. Strains from the Sejroe serogroup play a significant role in these chronic genital infections known as Bovine Genital Leptospirosis (BGL), which notably impact cattle health. This study aims to deepen our understanding of BGL by investigating the genetic diversity, geographical distribution, and specific anatomical sites of infection of the causative agents. Initially, uterine fragments and cervicovaginal mucus were collected from 47 cows and subjected to PCR targeting the lipL32 gene. Positive samples in lipL32-PCR (9 samples) underwent genotyping based on the secY gene. Subsequently, sequences were aligned with GenBank entries (108 sequences) and analyzed in silico. All nine sequences from this study were identified as L. interrogans with an identity >99 % to serogroup Sejroe reference strains (Norma and L53). In the broader analysis, the most prevalent species observed was L. borgpetersenii, followed by L. interrogans and L. santarosai. The haplotype network of L. interrogans revealed that haplogroups B and C exclusively included L. interrogans strains of genital origin, while haplogroup A encompassed strains from renal sources as well. These findings underscore the significance of the L. borgpetersenii genotype Hardjobovis and L. interrogans genotype Hardjoprajitno as the predominant circulating strains and highlight the existence of distinct haplogroups of pathogenic leptospires originating from genital sources. We advocate for the use of secY as an effective genetic marker for Leptospira spp. and stress the necessity for additional research prioritizing the genital tract. The outcomes of this study contribute to the development of improved control measures for chronic cattle diseases and provide valuable guidance for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiza Aymée
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
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Loria J, Reis L, Roussouliéres I, Pinto PHN, Balaro MFA, Lilenbaum W. Genital route in experimental infection, a promising approach to study genital leptospirosis in ruminants. Vet J 2024; 305:106127. [PMID: 38710383 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Infection by Leptospira sp., mainly strains from the Sejroe serogroup, impairs the reproductive efficiency of ruminants leading to economic losses. Although the majority of experimental studies use the intraperitoneal route of leptospiral infection, it has been suggested that natural infection occurs frequently by sexual transmission. Thus, we assessed the genital route of infection to study genital leptospirosis in the sheep model. A strain of L. borgpetersenii serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjobovis was inoculated in 18 ewes, divided into three groups for inoculation: intraperitoneal (n=6; Gip), cervical superficial (genital) (n=6; Ggen) and conjunctival (n=6; Gconj). Monthly, for 90 days, blood samples were collected for serology (MAT) and PCR was performed on urine, cervical-vaginal mucus, and uterine fragments. All ewes were successfully infected, independently of the infection route. Gip and Ggen did not differ throughout the experiment, either on seroconversion or on PCR positivity on urine or genital samples. In contrast, Gconj presented fewer seroreactive animals (P<0.05) and fewer PCR-pos on genital samples than the other groups. The results obtained demonstrated that, although all groups presented both urinary and genital infections, the genital route was more efficient and did not differ from the traditional intraperitoneal. It indicates that genital via, besides being a naturally occurring transmission via, represents a promising and interesting route regarding future studies related to genital leptospirosis in ruminants, and its use should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Loria
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-030, Brazil
| | - L Reis
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-030, Brazil
| | - I Roussouliéres
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-030, Brazil
| | - P H N Pinto
- Pathology and Veterinary Clinics Department, Veterinary College, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24220-000, Brazil
| | - M F A Balaro
- Pathology and Veterinary Clinics Department, Veterinary College, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24220-000, Brazil
| | - W Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24210-030, Brazil.
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Ulsenheimer BC, Tonin AA, von Laer AE, Dos Santos HF, Sangioni LA, Fighera R, Dos Santos MY, Brayer DI, de Avila Botton S. Leptospira borgptersenii and Leptospira interrogans identified in wild mammals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1941-1948. [PMID: 38691328 PMCID: PMC11153429 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptospira spp. are bacteria responsible for leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease with considerable impacts on the economy, animal health, and public health. This disease has a global distribution and is particularly prevalent in Brazil. Both rural and urban environments are habitats for Leptospira spp., which are primarily transmitted through contact with the urine of infected animals. Consequently, domestic and wild species can harbor these prokaryotes and serve as infection sources for other hosts. In the context of wild animals, there is a dearth of molecular studies elucidating the roles of various animal and bacterial species in the epidemiology of leptospirosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of Leptospira spp. DNA in different species of free-living and captive wild animals and to assess the phylogenetic relationships of the identified microorganisms in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The samples were evaluated for the presence of the gene lipL32 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the amplified fragment after which phylogenetic analyzes were carried out. DNA from Leptospira spp. was extracted from kidney tissue from wild animals (Mammalia class). Pathogenic Leptospira spp. DNA was detected in 9.6% (11/114) of the samples, originating from nine species of wild animals, including the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris), skunk (Conepatus chinga), geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi), margay (Leopardus wiedii), pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus), capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis), and european hare (Lepus europaeus). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of Leptospira borgpetersenii and Leptospira interrogans in these animals. This research is the first study contributing to the epidemiology of leptospirosis by identifying L. borgpetersenii and L. interrogans in free-living and captive wild animals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, potentially acting as bacterial reservoirs. Additionally, our findings can inform sanitary measures for controlling and preventing the disease, thereby safeguarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carolina Ulsenheimer
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Leptospirose (LabLepto), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Alberto Tonin
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Leptospirose (LabLepto), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Manaus, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69083-000, Brasil
| | - Ana Eucares von Laer
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Leptospirose (LabLepto), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Helton Fernandes Dos Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Luís Antônio Sangioni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Rafael Fighera
- Departamento de Patologia. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Matheus Yuri Dos Santos
- Departamento de Patologia. Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil
| | - Daniela Isabel Brayer
- Instituto de Biologia (IB), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 96010-900, Brasil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 97105-900, Brasil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Laboratório de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Leptospirose (LabLepto), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brasil.
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Ji Z, Jian M, Su X, Pan Y, Duan Y, Ma W, Zhong L, Yang J, Song J, Wu X, Gao L, Ma W, Kong J, Li B, Chen J, Liu M, Fan Y, Peng L, Dong Y, Bao F, Liu A. Efficacy and safety of antibiotics for treatment of leptospirosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:108. [PMID: 38627798 PMCID: PMC11020203 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis, an important zoonotic bacterial disease, commonly affects resource-poor populations and results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The value of antibiotics in leptospirosis remains unclear, as evidenced by the conflicting opinions published. METHODS We conducted a search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for studies. These studies included clinical trials and retrospective studies that evaluated the efficacy or safety of antibiotics for leptospirosis treatment. The primary outcomes assessed were defervescence time, mortality rate, and hospital stays. Subgroup analyses were performed based on whether there were cases involving children and whether there were cases of severe jaundice. Safety was defined as the prevalence of adverse events associated with the use of antibiotics. p scores were utilized to rank the efficacy of the antibiotics. RESULTS There are included 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 control trial (CT), and 3 retrospective studies (RS) involving 920 patients and 8 antibiotics. Six antibiotics resulted in significantly shorter defervescence times compared to the control, namely cefotaxime (MD, - 1.88; 95% CI = - 2.60 to - 1.15), azithromycin (MD, - 1.74; 95% CI = - 2.52 to - 0.95), doxycycline (MD, - 1.53; 95% CI = - 2.05 to - 1.00), ceftriaxone (MD, - 1.22; 95% CI = - 1.89 to - 0.55), penicillin (MD, - 1.22; 95% CI = - 1.80 to - 0.64), and penicillin or ampicillin (MD, - 0.08; 95% CI = - 1.01 to - 0.59). The antibiotics were not effective in reducing the mortality and hospital stays. Common adverse reactions to antibiotics included Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, rash, headache, and digestive reactions (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and others). CONCLUSIONS Findings recommend that leptospirosis patients be treated with antibiotics, which significantly reduced the leptospirosis defervescence time. Cephalosporins, doxycycline, and penicillin are suggested, and azithromycin may be a suitable alternative for drug-resistant cases. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022354938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Ji
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- The Institute of Oncology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650100, Yunnan, China
| | - Miaomiao Jian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingyi Pan
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Weijie Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaru Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jieqin Song
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinya Wu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Gao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Weijiang Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinjing Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Meixiao Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Peng
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Fukai Bao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children's Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, Yunnan, China.
| | - Aihua Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children's Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, Yunnan, China.
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The Efficacy of Vaccination in the Prevention of Renal and Genital Leptospirosis in Experimentally Infected Sheep. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7100321. [PMID: 36288062 PMCID: PMC9607635 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Leptospirosis, mainly determined by strains belonging to serogroup Sejroe, has a direct impact on the reproductive efficiency of ruminants, such as sheep. In Brazil, Leptospira santarosai serovar Guaricura, known to be able to chronically colonize the uterine environment, is of special note. Although vaccination minimizes the effects of acute disease, whether or not it can protect from renal colonization remains controversial, and its effects on the genital tract are unknown. In this context, the present study aims to investigate the efficacy of vaccination in the prevention of experimental genital leptospirosis. (2) Methods: Eighteen sheep were divided into three groups: one vaccinated with a polyvalent commercial bacterin, one vaccinated with an autologous bacterin, and one unvaccinated. After 14 days, the sheep were experimentally challenged with 108 leptospires (L. santarosai, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Guaricura, strain FV52) intraperitoneally. Serology and colonization of the urinary and genital tracts were carried out monthly by PCR for 210 days in all animals. (3) Results: Vaccination significantly elicited antibody titers with a predominance of agglutinins against serogroup Sejroe. Both urinary and genital infections were confirmed by PCR. Positivity in urine PCR was absent after D120, while genital infection persisted until the end of the study. Serological results and the finding that vaccination did not avoid renal colonization align with previous studies. Despite vaccination, Leptospira established chronic and asymptomatic colonization of the genital tract until D210, an outstanding finding that remains to be fully understood in its mechanisms. (4) Conclusions: This is the first study conducted to analyze the effects of vaccination in the prevention of genital leptospirosis.
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Mejía L, Prado B, Cárdenas P, Trueba G, González-Candelas F. The impact of genetic recombination on pathogenic Leptospira. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105313. [PMID: 35688386 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is the most common zoonosis worldwide, and is increasingly common in poor urban communities, where there is inadequate sewage disposal and abundance of domestic and peridomestic animals. There are many risk factors associated with the disease, such as contaminated water exposure, close contact with animals, floods, recreational activities related to water, wet agriculture. The symptoms of leptospirosis are common to other infectious diseases and, if not treated, it can lead to meningitis, liver failure, kidney damage and death. Leptospirosis is caused by 38 pathogenic species of Leptospira, which are divided in almost 30 serogroups and more than 300 serovars. The serological classification (serogroups and serovars) is based on the expression of distinct lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens. These antigens are also associated to protective immunity; antibodies against a serovar protect from any member of the same serovar. Serologic and phylogenetic analyses are not congruent probably due to genetic recombination of LPS genes among different leptospiral species. To analyze the importance of recombination in leptospiral evolution, we performed a gene-by-gene tree topology comparison on closed genomes available in public databases at two levels: among core genomes of pathogenic species (34 recombinant among 1213 core genes), and among core genomes of L. interrogans isolates (178/798). We found that most recombinant genes code for proteins involved in translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, but also for cell wall, membrane and envelope biogenesis. Besides, our final results showed that half of LPS genes are recombinant (18/36). This is relevant because serovar classification and vaccine development are based on these epitopes. The frequent recombination of LPS-associated genes suggests that natural selection is promoting the survival of recombinant lineages. These results may help understanding the factors that make Leptospira a successful pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mejía
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health" FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Prado
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paúl Cárdenas
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriel Trueba
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health" FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain.
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7
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Aliberti A, Blanda V, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Macaluso G, Galluzzo P, Bertasio C, Sciacca C, Arcuri F, D’Agostino R, Ippolito D, Pruiti Ciarello F, Torina A, Grippi F. Leptospira interrogans Serogroup Pomona in a Dairy Cattle Farm in a Multi-Host Zootechnical System. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020083. [PMID: 35202336 PMCID: PMC8875964 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leptospirosis is an infectious zoonotic disease causing reproductive problems and economic losses in livestock. This work reports, for the first time in Sicily (South Italy), an outbreak of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Pomona that occurred in cattle farms within the Nebrodi Park and was mainly characterized by full-term abortion. Blood and urine samples were collected at different time points from animals of six different farms (Farms A–F) sharing the same grazing area. Research of antibodies against pathogenic Leptospira species in serum samples was carried out via Micro Agglutination Test (MAT). Urine samples were subjected to pathogen isolation and molecular analyses via TaqMan Real Time-PCR. Genotyping of Leptospira species was obtained by Multi-locus sequence typing. MAT detected antibodies against Leptospira interrogans serogroup Pomona in serum samples of all the farms. Pathogenic Leptospira spp. DNA and culture isolation was obtained from urine samples. Genotyping confirmed the excretion of L. interrogans serogroup Pomona. This study describes clinical manifestations, diagnostic implications and epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak in cattle due to L. interrogans Pomona in a protected multi-host area, where domestic and wild animals share the same habitat, suggesting a role of wild species in transmission and persistence of Pomona serogroup among cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Aliberti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Valeria Blanda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0916565235 (V.B.); +39-0916565553 (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marco Lo Presti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Giusi Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0916565235 (V.B.); +39-0916565553 (G.M.)
| | - Paola Galluzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Cristina Bertasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Carmela Sciacca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Arcuri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Rosalia D’Agostino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Dorotea Ippolito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Flavia Pruiti Ciarello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Alessandra Torina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Grippi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (A.A.); (V.D.M.L.P.); (P.G.); (C.S.); (F.A.); (R.D.); (D.I.); (F.P.C.); (A.T.); (F.G.)
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Feitosa TF, Costa FTR, Bezerra RA, Álvares FBV, Ferreira LC, Mota RA, Gennari SM, Pena HFJ, Azevedo SSD, Vilela VLR. Vertical transmission and kinetic of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum in naturally infected lambs in the semiarid region of Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e010621. [PMID: 34495126 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aimed with this study to evaluate vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in naturally infected sheep and to monitor the kinetics of antibodies against this protozoon in their lambs. Therefore, 48 pregnant ewes, from five herds, were divided into two groups: G1 - positive for anti-N. caninum antibodies, with 19 animals; and G2 - seronegative, with 29 animals. Blood samples were taken from the ewes and their lambs, immediately after birth, before ingesting colostrum, and 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days after birth. Analysis on serum antibodies was performed using the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Among the 19 seropositive mothers, six (31.6%) gave birth to lambs seropositive before ingesting colostrum and it was found that these lambs remained positive until the end of the study (56 days). Only one of the lambs, from a ewe that presented an antibody titer of 200, seroconverted after ingestion of colostrum. All the lambs that had been born from negative mothers remained negative throughout the experimental period. It was concluded that transplacental transmission was an important form of diffusion of N. caninum in the herds studied and that seropositive lambs maintained circulating antibodies during the period analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Ferreira Feitosa
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, PB, Brasil
| | - Flávia Teresa Ribeiro Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - Roberto Alves Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | | | - Larissa Claudino Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecto-contagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Solange Maria Gennari
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Única e Bem-Estar Animal, Universidade Santo Amaro - UNISA, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infectocontagiosas, Instituto Federal da Paraíba - IFPB, Sousa, PB, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Patos, PB, Brasil
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