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Khamaysi I, Firman R, Martin P, Vasilyev G, Boyko E, Zussman E. Mechanical Perspective on Increasing Brush Cytology Yield. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1743-1752. [PMID: 38373217 PMCID: PMC10934267 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Brush cytology is a sampling technique extensively used for mucosal surfaces, particularly to identify malignancies. A sample is obtained by rubbing the brush bristles over the stricture or lesion several times until cells are trapped. Brush cytology detection rate varies, with malignancy confirmed in 15-65% of cases of adenocarcinoma-associated biliary strictures and 44-80% of cases of cholangiocarcinoma. Despite the widespread use of brush cytology, there is no consensus to date defining the optimal biliary brushing parameters for the collection of suspicious lesions, such as the number of passes, brushing rate, and force applied. The aim of this work is to increase the brush cytology diagnostic yield by elucidating the underlying mechanical phenomena. First, the mechanical interactions between the brush bristles and sampled tissue are analyzed. During brushing, mucus and detached cells are transferred to the space between the bristles through the capillary rise and flow eddies. These mass transfer mechanisms and their dependence on mucus rheology as a function of pH, brush displacement rate, and bristle geometry and configuration are examined. Lastly, results from ex vivo brushing experiments performed on porcine stomachs are presented. Clinical practitioners from a variety of disciplines can apply the findings of this study to outline clear procedures for cytological brushing to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the brushings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Khamaysi
- Department
of Gastroenterology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
- Gastroenterology
Institute, Rambam Health
Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Ronen Firman
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Patrick Martin
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gleb Vasilyev
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Evgeniy Boyko
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Eyal Zussman
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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2
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Abrami M, Biasin A, Tescione F, Tierno D, Dapas B, Carbone A, Grassi G, Conese M, Di Gioia S, Larobina D, Grassi M. Mucus Structure, Viscoelastic Properties, and Composition in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1933. [PMID: 38339210 PMCID: PMC10856136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory mucus, a viscoelastic gel, effectuates a primary line of the airway defense when operated by the mucociliary clearance. In chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), the mucus is overproduced and its solid content augments, changing its structure and viscoelastic properties and determining a derangement of essential defense mechanisms against opportunistic microbial (virus and bacteria) pathogens. This ensues in damaging of the airways, leading to a vicious cycle of obstruction and infection responsible for the harsh clinical evolution of these CRDs. Here, we review the essential features of normal and pathological mucus (i.e., sputum in CF, COPD, and asthma), i.e., mucin content, structure (mesh size), micro/macro-rheology, pH, and osmotic pressure, ending with the awareness that sputum biomarkers (mucins, inflammatory proteins and peptides, and metabolites) might serve to indicate acute exacerbation and response to therapies. There are some indications that old and novel treatments may change the structure, viscoelastic properties, and biomarker content of sputum; however, a wealth of work is still needed to embrace these measures as correlates of disease severity in association with (or even as substitutes of) pulmonary functional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Alice Biasin
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabiana Tescione
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Italy; (F.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Domenico Tierno
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Barbara Dapas
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (D.T.); (G.G.)
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 121, I-71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.C.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Domenico Larobina
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Italy; (F.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.); (M.G.)
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3
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Sun K, Shoaib T, Rutland MW, Beller J, Do C, Espinosa-Marzal RM. Insight into the assembly of lipid-hyaluronan complexes in osteoarthritic conditions. Biointerphases 2023; 18:021005. [PMID: 37041102 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between molecules in the synovial fluid and the cartilage surface may play a vital role in the formation of adsorbed films that contribute to the low friction of cartilage boundary lubrication. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. Previous studies have shown that in OA-diseased joints, hyaluronan (HA) not only breaks down resulting in a much lower molecular weight (MW), but also its concentration is reduced ten times. Here, we have investigated the structural changes of lipid-HA complexes as a function of HA concentration and MW to simulate the physiologically relevant conditions that exist in healthy and diseased joints. Small angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering were used to determine the structure of HA-lipid vesicles in bulk solution, while a combination of atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance was applied to study their assembly on a gold surface. We infer a significant influence of both MW and HA concentrations on the structure of HA-lipid complexes in bulk and assembled on a gold surface. Our results suggest that low MW HA cannot form an amorphous layer on the gold surface, which is expected to negatively impact the mechanical integrity and longevity of the boundary layer and could contribute to the increased wear of the cartilage that has been reported in joints diseased with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangdi Sun
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Tooba Shoaib
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - Mark W Rutland
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes, École Centrale de Lyon, Lyon 69130, France; and Bioeconomy and Health, Materials and Surface Design, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - Rosa M Espinosa-Marzal
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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4
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Vasquez-Martínez N, Guillen D, Moreno-Mendieta SA, Sanchez S, Rodríguez-Sanoja R. The Role of Mucoadhesion and Mucopenetration in the Immune Response Induced by Polymer-Based Mucosal Adjuvants. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1615. [PMID: 37050229 PMCID: PMC10097111 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic gel that acts as a protective barrier for epithelial surfaces. The mucosal vehicles and adjuvants need to pass through the mucus layer to make drugs and vaccine delivery by mucosal routes possible. The mucoadhesion of polymer particle adjuvants significantly increases the contact time between vaccine formulations and the mucosa; then, the particles can penetrate the mucus layer and epithelium to reach mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. This review presents the key findings that have aided in understanding mucoadhesion and mucopenetration while exploring the influence of physicochemical characteristics on mucus-polymer interactions. We describe polymer-based particles designed with mucoadhesive or mucopenetrating properties and discuss the impact of mucoadhesive polymers on local and systemic immune responses after mucosal immunization. In future research, more attention paid to the design and development of mucosal adjuvants could lead to more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Vasquez-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (N.V.-M.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de Posgrado, C.U., Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel Guillen
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (N.V.-M.)
| | - Silvia Andrea Moreno-Mendieta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (N.V.-M.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de Posgrado, C.U., Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Benito Juárez, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (N.V.-M.)
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (N.V.-M.)
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5
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Kutti Kandy S, Radhakrishnan R. Crowding-induced membrane remodeling: Interplay of membrane tension, polymer density, architecture. Biophys J 2022; 121:3674-3683. [PMID: 35619564 PMCID: PMC9617136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane hosts a wide range of biomolecules, mainly proteins and carbohydrates, that mediate cellular interactions with its environment. The crowding of such biomolecules regulates cellular morphologies and cellular trafficking. Recent discoveries have shown that the structure and density of cell surface polymers and hence the signaling machinery change with the state of the cell, especially in cancer progression. The alterations in membrane-attached glycocalyx and glycosylation of proteins and lipids are common features of cancer cells. The overexpression of glycocalyx polymers, such as mucin and hyaluronan, strongly correlates with cancer metastasis. Here, we present a mesoscale biophysics-based model that accounts for the shape regulation of membranes by crowding of membrane-attached biopolymer-glycocalyx and actin networks. Our computational model is based on the dynamically triangulated Monte Carlo model for membranes and coarse-grained representations of polymer chains. The model allows us to investigate the crowding-induced shape transformations in cell membranes in a tension- and graft polymer density-dependent manner. Our results show that the number of membrane protrusions and their shape depend on membrane tension, with higher membrane tension inducing more tubular protrusions than the vesicular shapes formed at low tension at high surface coverage of polymers. The shape transformations occur above the threshold density predicted by the polymer brush theory, but this threshold also depends on the membrane tension. Increasing the size of the polymer, either by changing the length or by adding side chains, is shown to increase the crowding-induced curvature. The effect of crowding is more prominent for flexible polymers than for semiflexible rigid polymers. We also present an extension of the model that incorporates properties of the actin-like filament networks and demonstrate how tubular structures can be generated by biopolymer crowding on the cytosolic side of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Kutti Kandy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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6
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Luo J, Cheng X, Su Y, Zhang L, Du W, Bao X, Huang W, Feng Q, Cao J, Wu Y. Metagenomic assembly deciphered the type-dependent effects of surfactants on the fates of antibiotics resistance genes during sludge fermentation and the underlying mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150822. [PMID: 34627892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge (WAS) is an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the interactive effects of co-existed substances in WAS on ARGs fates have yet to be disclosed. This study demonstrated the type-dependent effects of surfactants (potentially effective chemicals for WAS disposal) on the reduction of ARGs during WAS fermentation, which followed the order of linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) > alkyl polyglucoside (APG) > hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB). Interestingly, the ratio of ARGs affiliated to efflux pump showed an upward trend in the surfactant-treated reactor. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) destruction induced by surfactants increased the permeability of bacterial cells and caused the ARGs being released and susceptible for subsequent elimination. Besides, the surfactants significantly altered the microbial community, resulting in the ARGs reduction via changing the potential hosts. Also, the metabolic pathways participated in the dissemination of ARGs were remarkably down-regulated, thereby resulting in the reduction of ARGs abundances. This work broadened the understanding of ARGs fates during WAS fermentation and provided insights on the interactive functions of exogenous chemicals in multiple matrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xiaoshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Xingchen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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7
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Liao Y, Xie L, Ye J, Chen T, Huang T, Shi L, Yuan M. Sprayable Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2759-2771. [PMID: 35445676 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00338d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogels have extraordinary potential to be utilized for biomedical applications. Recently, sprayable hydrogels have received increasing attention for their biocompatibility, degradability, tunable mechanical properties and rapid spray-filming abilities. In...
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liao
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Luoyijun Xie
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jiahui Ye
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tong Huang
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Leilei Shi
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Miaomiao Yuan
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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8
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Carmona P, Tasici AM, Sande SA, Knudsen KD, Nyström B. Glyceraldehyde as an Efficient Chemical Crosslinker Agent for the Formation of Chitosan Hydrogels. Gels 2021; 7:186. [PMID: 34842656 PMCID: PMC8628775 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The rheological changes that occur during the chemical gelation of semidilute solutions of chitosan in the presence of the low-toxicity agent glyceraldehyde (GCA) are presented and discussed in detail. The entanglement concentration for chitosan solutions was found to be approximately 0.2 wt.% and the rheological experiments were carried out on 1 wt.% chitosan solutions with various amounts of GCA at different temperatures (25 °C and 40 °C) and pH values (4.8 and 5.8). High crosslinker concentration, as well as elevated temperature and pH close to the pKa value (pH ≈ 6.3-7) of chitosan are three parameters that all accelerate the gelation process. These conditions also promote a faster solid-like response of the gel-network in the post-gel region after long curing times. The mesh size of the gel-network after a very long (18 h) curing time was found to contract with increasing level of crosslinker addition and elevated temperature. The gelation of chitosan in the presence of other chemical crosslinker agents (glutaraldehyde and genipin) is discussed and a comparison with GCA is made. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) results reveal structural changes between chitosan solutions, incipient gels, and mature gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Carmona
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Physics, Division of Nano-and BioPhysics, Chalmers University of Technology, Fysikgränd 3, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anca M. Tasici
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.M.T.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Sverre A. Sande
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.M.T.); (S.A.S.)
| | | | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway;
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Cazorla-Luna R, Martín-Illana A, Notario-Pérez F, Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga MD. Naturally Occurring Polyelectrolytes and Their Use for the Development of Complex-Based Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2241. [PMID: 34301004 PMCID: PMC8309414 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers have several advantages for the development of drug delivery systems, since they are biocompatible, biodegradable and easy to obtain from renewable resources. However, their most notable advantage may be their ability to adhere to biological tissues. Many of these biopolymers have ionized forms, known as polyelectrolytes. When combined, polyelectrolytes with opposite charges spontaneously form polyelectrolyte complexes or multilayers, which have great functional versatility. Although only one natural polycation-chitosan has been widely explored until now, it has been combined with many natural polyanions such as pectin, alginate and xanthan gum, among others. These polyelectrolyte complexes have been used to develop multiple mucoadhesive dosage forms such as hydrogels, tablets, microparticles, and films, which have demonstrated extraordinary potential to administer drugs by the ocular, nasal, buccal, oral, and vaginal routes, improving both local and systemic treatments. The advantages observed for these formulations include the increased bioavailability or residence time of the formulation in the administration zone, and the avoidance of invasive administration routes, leading to greater therapeutic compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - María-Dolores Veiga
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-L.); (A.M.-I.); (F.N.-P.); (R.R.-C.)
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10
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Characterisation of the Interaction among Oil-In-Water Nanocapsules and Mucin. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5030036. [PMID: 32731584 PMCID: PMC7559021 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucins are glycoproteins present in all mucosal surfaces and in secretions such as saliva. Mucins are involved in the mucoadhesion of nanodevices carrying bioactive molecules to their target sites in vivo. Oil-in-water nanocapsules (NCs) have been synthesised for carrying N,N'-(di-m-methylphenyl)urea (DMTU), a quorum-sensing inhibitor, to the oral cavity. DMTU-loaded NCs constitute an alternative for the treatment of plaque (bacterial biofilm). In this work, the stability of the NCs after their interaction with mucin is analysed. Mucin type III from Sigma-Aldrich has been used as the mucin model. Mucin and NCs were characterised by the multi-detection asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation technique (AF4). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ζ-potential analyses were carried out to characterise the interaction between mucin and NCs. According to the results, loading DMTU changes the conformation of the NC. It was also found that the synergistic interaction between mucin and NCs was favoured within a specific range of the mucin:NC ratio within the first 24 h. Studies on the release of DMTU in vitro and the microbial activity of such NCs are ongoing in our lab.
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11
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Nižić L, Potaś J, Winnicka K, Szekalska M, Erak I, Gretić M, Jug M, Hafner A. Development, characterisation and nasal deposition of melatonin-loaded pectin/hypromellose microspheres. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 141:105115. [PMID: 31654755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present the development of spray-dried pectin/hypromellose microspheres as efficient melatonin carrier for targeted nasal delivery. Different pectin to hypromellose weight ratios in the spray-dried feed were employed (i.e. 1:0, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) in order to optimise microsphere physicochemical properties influencing overall powder behaviour prior, during and upon nasal delivery. All microspheres assured complete melatonin entrapment and increased dissolution rate in relation to pure melatonin powder. Among all combinations tested, combining pectin with hypromellose at 1:3 wt ratio resulted in the microspheres with the highest potential for melatonin nasal delivery as they assured highest swelling ability and most prominent mucoadhesive properties. Studies on deposition profile revealed adequate turbinate and olfactory deposition of microsphere/lactose monohydrate powder blend administered nasally using MIAT® device, complementing findings relevant for their therapeutic potential. In conclusion, developed microspheres bear the potential to ensure prolonged melatonin retention at the nasal mucosa, improved bioavailability and advanced therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nižić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Joanna Potaś
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Szekalska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iva Erak
- R&D, PLIVA Croatia Ltd., TEVA Group Member, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Gretić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Department of Mechanical and Thermal Process Engineering, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Jug
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Hafner
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Ryu J, Kim S, Oh I, Kato S, Kosuge T, Sokolova AV, Lee J, Otsuka H, Sohn D. Internal Structure of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Controlled by Iron(III) Ion–Catechol Complexation. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungju Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Neutron Science Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea
| | - Sunhye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Inwook Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sota Kato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1
Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kosuge
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1
Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Anna V. Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Jeongwook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1
Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Daewon Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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13
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Ret D, Steiner G, Gentilini S, Knaus S. Exact determination of the degree of substitution of high molar mass hyaluronan by controlling the conformation in solution. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 204:124-130. [PMID: 30366523 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was the development of an accurate method to determine the degree of substitution (DS) of modified hyaluronic acid (HA) by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The influence of the effect of ionic strength and pH on 1H NMR spectra of HA was studied. The results showed a correlation between the conformation of HA in solution and the quality of the 1H NMR spectra. The best spectra with full proton mobility are obtained when HA is dissolved in D2O with 2 M NaCl or D2O with 0.1 M NaOD with a maximum concentration of 5 mg/ml. Under those conditions the size of the polymer coils is reduced below the concentration of chain overlap point, all the protons show the same response and a correct degree of substitution can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ret
- Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gökçe Steiner
- Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefano Gentilini
- Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Knaus
- Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Znamenskaya Falk Y, Engblom J, Pedersen JS, Arnebrant T, Kocherbitov V. Effects of Hydration on Structure and Phase Behavior of Pig Gastric Mucin Elucidated by SAXS. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7539-7546. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Znamenskaya Falk
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Engblom
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanosciene Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Arnebrant
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vitaly Kocherbitov
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
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15
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Griesser J, Hetényi G, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Thiolated Hyaluronic Acid as Versatile Mucoadhesive Polymer: From the Chemistry Behind to Product Developments-What Are the Capabilities? Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10030243. [PMID: 30966278 PMCID: PMC6414859 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, intensive research work has been conducted on thiolated hyaluronic acids (HA-SH). By attaching sulfhydryl ligands onto naturally occurring hyaluronic acid various types of HA-SH can be designed. Due the ability of disulfide bond formation within the polymer itself as well as with biological materials, certain properties such as mucoadhesive, gelling, enzyme inhibitory, permeation enhancing and release controlling properties are improved. Besides the application in the field of drug delivery, HA-SH has been investigated as auxiliary material for wound healing. Within this review, the characteristics of novel drug delivery systems based on HA-SH are summarized and the versatility of this polymer for further applications is described by introducing numerous relevant studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Griesser
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gergely Hetényi
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Chin-Hun Kuo J, Gandhi JG, Zia RN, Paszek MJ. Physical biology of the cancer cell glycocalyx. NATURE PHYSICS 2018; 14:658-669. [PMID: 33859716 PMCID: PMC8046174 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx coating the outside of most cells is a polymer meshwork comprising proteins and complex sugar chains called glycans. From a physical perspective, the glycocalyx has long been considered a simple 'slime' that protects cells from mechanical disruption or against pathogen interactions, but the great complexity of the structure argues for the evolution of more advanced functionality: the glycocalyx serves as the complex physical environment within which cell-surface receptors reside and operate. Recent studies have demonstrated that the glycocalyx can exert thermodynamic and kinetic control over cell signalling by serving as the local medium within which receptors diffuse, assemble and function. The composition and structure of the glycocalyx change markedly with changes in cell state, including transformation. Notably, cancer-specific changes fuel the synthesis of monomeric building blocks and machinery for production of long-chain polymers that alter the physical and chemical structure of the glycocalyx. In this Review, we discuss these changes and their physical consequences on receptor function and emergent cell behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jay G. Gandhi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Roseanna N. Zia
- Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to M.J.P.
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17
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Ingr M, Kutálková E, Hrnčiřík J. Hyaluronan random coils in electrolyte solutions—a molecular dynamics study. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 170:289-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Buchold P, Schweins R, Di Z, Gradzielski M. Structural behaviour of sodium hyaluronate in concentrated oppositely charged surfactant solutions. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2253-2263. [PMID: 28261739 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02742c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work discusses the polyelectrolyte sodium hyaluronate (HA) and its polyelectrolyte/surfactant complexes (PESCs) with tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) in the semi-dilute regime of HA and at high concentrations of TTAB. The structure and flow properties in the surfactant excess region were studied by light scattering and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) as well as by rheology. The unique behaviour of HA to maintain its high viscosity was observed even at very high TTAB concentrations of 496 mM and this effect was systematically studied in the concentration range from 1 to 25 mM HA. From the data, it could be concluded that: (1) extended rod-like structures of the PESCs prevent molecular dissolution of HA by TTAB. (2) HA and TTAB micelles interact rather weakly as seen by a low fraction of bound micelles. (3) At very high TTAB concentrations a decompaction of PESCs (fractal dimension Df going from 2.0 to 1.2) occurs with increasing HA concentration but (4) both the entanglement of HA and the structure of the micelles are not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Buchold
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. and Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, F-38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, F-38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Zhenyu Di
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Outstation at MLZ, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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20
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Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nano-drug delivery systems for administration by non-parenteral routes: A review. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Rodríguez-Belenguer P, Nácher A, Hernández MJ, Díez-Sales O. Characterization of novel hyaluronic acid matrix systems for vaginal administration of metronidazole. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Rodríguez-Belenguer
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 -Burjassot Valencia Spain
- Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM); Polytechnic University of Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - A. Nácher
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 -Burjassot Valencia Spain
- Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM); Polytechnic University of Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - M. J. Hernández
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodinamics, Faculty of Physics; University of Valencia; Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 -Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - O. Díez-Sales
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Valencia; Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 -Burjassot Valencia Spain
- Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM); Polytechnic University of Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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22
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Pippa N, Dokoumetzidis A, Demetzos C, Macheras P. On the ubiquitous presence of fractals and fractal concepts in pharmaceutical sciences: A review. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:340-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Kamhi E, Joo EJ, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Glycosaminoglycans in infectious disease. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:928-43. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Kamhi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Drughoming Ltd; Rehovot Israel
| | - Eun Ji Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Biology; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy New York 12180-3590 U.S.A
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24
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Dhar N, Au D, Berry RC, Tam KC. Interactions of nanocrystalline cellulose with an oppositely charged surfactant in aqueous medium. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Pamies R, Volden S, Kjøniksen AL, Zhu K, Glomm WR, Nyström B. Adsorption of cationic hydroxyethylcellulose derivatives onto planar and curved gold surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:15925-15932. [PMID: 20839882 DOI: 10.1021/la102716m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of two positively charged hydroxyethylcellulose derivatives with 7 and 60 mol % positively charged groups and a cationic, hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose containing 1 mol % hydrophobic groups and 7 mol % charged groups onto flat and spherical citrate-coated gold surfaces of different sizes has been investigated. The planar surfaces were studied by means of the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, whereas nanoparticle suspensions were examined using dynamic light scattering and UV-vis spectroscopy. Two different driving forces for adsorption have been evaluated: the electrostatic interaction between the positive charges on the polymers and the negatively charged gold surfaces and the affinity of the polymers for gold due to hydrophobic interactions. The comparison between the data obtained from curved and planar surfaces suggests a strong correlation between surface curvature and adlayer conformation in the formation of the hybrid polymer-gold nanoparticles. The influence of particle size on the amount of adsorbed polymer has been evaluated for the different polymers. The impact of the ionic strength on polymer adsorption has been explored, and the adsorbed polymer layer has been found to protect the gold nanoparticles from aggregation when salt is added to the solution. The addition of salt to a mixture of gold particles and a charged polymer can induce a thicker adsorbed layer at low salinity, and desorption was found at high levels of salt addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Pamies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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