1
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Cai J, Mu X, Xue J, Chen J, Liu Z, Guo F. Mathematical Modeling of NaCl Scaling Development in Long-Distance Membrane Distillation for Improved Scaling Control. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3629. [PMID: 39124294 PMCID: PMC11313132 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Membrane distillation is a novel membrane-based separation technology with the potential to produce pure water from high-salinity brine. It couples transport behaviors along the membrane and across the membrane. The brine in the feed is gradually concentrated due to the permeate flux across the membrane, which is a significant factor in initiating the scaling behavior on the membrane surface along the feed flow direction. It is of great interest to investigate and estimate the development of scaling on the membrane surface. This work specifically focuses on a long-distance membrane distillation process with a sodium chloride solution as the feed. A modeling approach has been developed to estimate the sodium chloride scaling development on the membrane surface along the flow direction. A set of experiments was conducted to validate the results. Based on mathematical simplification and analytical fitting, a simplified model was summarized to predict the initiating position of sodium chloride scaling on the membrane, which is meaningful for scaling control in industrial-scale applications of membrane distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Cai
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (X.M.); (J.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xingsen Mu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (X.M.); (J.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jian Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Jiaming Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (X.M.); (J.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zeman Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (X.M.); (J.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Fei Guo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (X.M.); (J.C.); (Z.L.)
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2
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Nthunya LN, Chong KC, Lai SO, Lau WJ, López-Maldonado EA, Camacho LM, Shirazi MMA, Ali A, Mamba BB, Osial M, Pietrzyk-Thel P, Pregowska A, Mahlangu OT. Progress in membrane distillation processes for dye wastewater treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142347. [PMID: 38759802 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Textile and cosmetic industries generate large amounts of dye effluents requiring treatment before discharge. This wastewater contains high levels of reactive dyes, low to none-biodegradable materials and chemical residues. Technically, dye wastewater is characterised by high chemical and biological oxygen demand. Biological, physical and pressure-driven membrane processes have been extensively used in textile wastewater treatment plants. However, these technologies are characterised by process complexity and are often costly. Also, process efficiency is not achieved in cost-effective biochemical and physical treatment processes. Membrane distillation (MD) emerged as a promising technology harnessing challenges faced by pressure-driven membrane processes. To ensure high cost-effectiveness, the MD can be operated by solar energy or low-grade waste heat. Herein, the MD purification of dye wastewater is comprehensively and yet concisely discussed. This involved research advancement in MD processes towards removal of dyes from industrial effluents. Also, challenges faced by this process with a specific focus on fouling are reviewed. Current literature mainly tested MD setups in the laboratory scale suggesting a deep need of further optimization of membrane and module designs in near future, especially for textile wastewater treatment. There is a need to deliver customized high-porosity hydrophobic membrane design with the appropriate thickness and module configuration to reduce concentration and temperature polarization (CP and TP). Also, energy loss should be minimized while increasing dye rejection and permeate flux. Although laboratory experiments remain pivotal in optimizing the MD process for treating dye wastewater, the nature of their time intensity poses a challenge. Given the multitude of parameters involved in MD process optimization, artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies present a promising avenue for assistance. Thus, AI-driven algorithms have the potential to enhance overall process efficiency, cutting down on time, fine-tuning parameters, and driving cost reductions. However, achieving an optimal balance between efficiency enhancements and financial outlays is a complex process. Finally, this paper suggests a research direction for the development of effective synthetic and natural dye removal from industrially discharged wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lebea N Nthunya
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Kok Chung Chong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Soon Onn Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Lucy Mar Camacho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 2013, 700 University Blvd., Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi A Shirazi
- Centre for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aamer Ali
- Centre for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1709 Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Magdalena Osial
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Pietrzyk-Thel
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pregowska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oranso T Mahlangu
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 1709 Roodepoort, South Africa.
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3
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Kogler A, Sharma N, Tiburcio D, Gong M, Miller DM, Williams KS, Chen X, Tarpeh WA. Long-Term Robustness and Failure Mechanisms of Electrochemical Stripping for Wastewater Ammonia Recovery. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2024; 4:89-105. [PMID: 38525023 PMCID: PMC10958661 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen in wastewater has negative environmental, human health, and economic impacts but can be recovered to reduce the costs and environmental impacts of wastewater treatment and chemical production. To recover ammonia/ammonium (total ammonia nitrogen, TAN) from urine, we operated electrochemical stripping (ECS) for over a month, achieving 83.4 ± 1.5% TAN removal and 73.0 ± 2.9% TAN recovery. With two reactors, we recovered sixteen 500-mL batches (8 L total) of ammonium sulfate (20.9 g/L TAN) approaching commercial fertilizer concentrations (28.4 g/L TAN) and often having >95% purity. While evaluating the operation and maintenance needs, we identified pH, full-cell voltage, product volume, and water flux into the product as informative process monitoring parameters that can be inexpensively and rapidly measured. Characterization of fouled cation exchange and omniphobic membranes informs cleaning and reactor modifications to reduce fouling with organics and calcium/magnesium salts. To evaluate the impact of urine collection and storage on ECS, we conducted experiments with urine at different levels of dilution with flush water, extents of divalent cation precipitation, and degrees of hydrolysis. ECS effectively treated urine under all conditions, but minimizing flush water and ensuring storage until complete hydrolysis would enable energy-efficient TAN recovery. Our experimental results and cost analysis motivate a multifaceted approach to improving ECS's technical and economic viability by extending component lifetimes, decreasing component costs, and reducing energy consumption through material, reactor, and process engineering. In summary, we demonstrated urine treatment as a foothold for electrochemical nutrient recovery from wastewater while supporting the applicability of ECS to seven other wastewaters with widely varying characteristics. Our findings will facilitate the scale-up and deployment of electrochemical nutrient recovery technologies, enabling a circular nitrogen economy that fosters sanitation provision, efficient chemical production, and water resource protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kogler
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Neha Sharma
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94205, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Room 387, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Diana Tiburcio
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Meili Gong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Room 387, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dean M. Miller
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Room 387, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kindle S. Williams
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Room 387, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Room 387, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - William A. Tarpeh
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Room 387, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Kim J, Tijing L, Shon HK, Hong S. Electrically conductive membrane distillation via an alternating current operation for zero liquid discharge. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120510. [PMID: 37634460 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) shows promise for achieving high salinity treatment and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) compared to conventional water treatment processes due to its unique characteristics, including low energy consumption and high resulting water quality. However, performance degradation due to fouling and scaling under high recovery conditions remains a challenge, particularly considering the need to control both cations and anions for maximum scaling mitigation. Accordingly, in this study, alternating current (AC) operation for electrically conductive membrane distillation (ECMD) is newly proposed, based on its potential for controlling both cations and anions, in contrast to conventional direct current (DC) operation. Systematic experiments and theoretical analysis show that water recovery in ECMD can be increased by 27% through AC operation. The proposed modification and effective AC operation of ECMD increase the practicality of using MD in desalination for a high recovery rate, perhaps even for ZLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Kim
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Leonard Tijing
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Nutrients in a Circular Economy, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; ARC Research Hub for Nutrients in a Circular Economy, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Seungkwan Hong
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Rastgar M, Moradi K, Burroughs C, Hemmati A, Hoek E, Sadrzadeh M. Harvesting Blue Energy Based on Salinity and Temperature Gradient: Challenges, Solutions, and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10156-10205. [PMID: 37523591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with power generation from fossil fuel combustion account for 25% of global emissions and, thus, contribute greatly to climate change. Renewable energy sources, like wind and solar, have reached a mature stage, with costs aligning with those of fossil fuel-derived power but suffer from the challenge of intermittency due to the variability of wind and sunlight. This study aims to explore the viability of salinity gradient power, or "blue energy", as a clean, renewable source of uninterrupted, base-load power generation. Harnessing the salinity gradient energy from river estuaries worldwide could meet a substantial portion of the global electricity demand (approximately 7%). Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED) are more prominent technologies for blue energy harvesting, whereas thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC) is emerging with new promise. This review scrutinizes the obstacles encountered in developing osmotic power generation using membrane-based methods and presents potential solutions to overcome challenges in practical applications. While certain strategies have shown promise in addressing some of these obstacles, further research is still required to enhance the energy efficiency and feasibility of membrane-based processes, enabling their large-scale implementation in osmotic energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rastgar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazem Moradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Computational Fluid Engineering Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Cassie Burroughs
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 12-263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Arman Hemmati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Computational Fluid Engineering Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Eric Hoek
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1593, United States
- Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University of Alberta, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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6
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Wan H, Li X, Luo Y, Shi D, Gong T, An AK, Shao S. Early monitoring of pore wetting in membrane distillation using ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR). WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120081. [PMID: 37224667 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pore wetting induced by surfactants and salt scaling is a major obstacle to the industrial application of membrane distillation (MD). Identifying the transition of wetting stages and achieving early monitoring of pore wetting are crucial for wetting control. Herein, we made a pioneering attempt to use ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) technique to non-invasively detect the pore wetting in a direct contact MD, and explain the UTDR waveform with the help of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. The results showed that the water-vapor interface had a strong reflection to ultrasound (reflection coefficient = 0.9995), while the water-membrane and water-scaling layer interfaces showed relatively weak reflection. Therefore, UTDR could effectively detect the movement of water-vapor interface with the low interference from the signals generated by the membrane and scaling layer. For the surfactant-induced wetting, the occurrence of wetting could be successfully detected by the right-shift in phase and the reduction in amplitude of the UTDR waveform. Moreover, the wetting depth could be accurately calculated by the time of flight (ToF) and ultrasonic velocity. For scaling-induced wetting, the waveform slightly shifted to the left at the beginning due to the growth of scaling layer, then to the right because the left-shift was surpassed by the right-shift of the waveform caused by pore wetting. Both for the surfactant- and scaling-induced wetting, the variation of the UTDR waveform was sensitive to wetting dynamics, and the right-shift of phase and the reduction in amplitude of the waveform could act as early monitoring signals to the occurrence of wetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Wan
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianhui Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yusen Luo
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Danting Shi
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tengjing Gong
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Alicia Kyoungjin An
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Senlin Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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7
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Aquino M, Santoro S, Di Profio G, Francesco La Russa M, Limonti C, Straface S, D'Andrea G, Curcio E, Siciliano A. Membrane distillation for separation and recovery of valuable compounds from anaerobic digestates. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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8
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Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Zhu J, Li C, Chen G. A Comprehensive Review on Wastewater Nitrogen Removal and Its Recovery Processes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3429. [PMID: 36834120 PMCID: PMC9967642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Discharging large amounts of domestic and industrial wastewater drastically increases the reactive nitrogen content in aquatic ecosystems, which causes severe ecological stress and biodiversity loss. This paper reviews three common types of denitrification processes, including physical, chemical, and biological processes, and mainly focuses on the membrane technology for nitrogen recovery. The applicable conditions and effects of various treatment methods, as well as the advantages, disadvantages, and influencing factors of membrane technologies, are summarized. Finally, it is proposed that developing effective combinations of different treatment methods and researching new processes with high efficiency, economy, and energy savings, such as microbial fuel cells and anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactors, are the research and development directions of wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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9
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Gryta M. The effects of fibers layer assembled on the capillary membranes applied for separation of brines by membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Eryildiz B, Ozbey‐Unal B, Menceloglu YZ, Keskinler B, Koyuncu I. Development of robust superhydrophobic
PFA
/
TMI
/
PVDF
membrane by electrospinning/electrospraying techniques for air gap membrane distillation. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahriye Eryildiz
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bahar Ozbey‐Unal
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
- Earth and Marine Sciences Institute, Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Yusuf Z. Menceloglu
- Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Sabanci University Istanbul Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Bulent Keskinler
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering Gebze Technical University Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- National Research Center on Membrane Technologies Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
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11
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Ng YS, Ragupathy S, Shau Hwai AT, Khoo KS, Chieh Chan DJ. Evaluation of membrane fouling at elevated temperature impacted by algal organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136790. [PMID: 36220430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven technology applied in desalination and water reuse with utilisation of sustainable energy. However, algal organic matter (AOM) could foul membrane critically and plague MD's long-term operational stability. In this study, the soluble extracellular polymeric substance (sEPS) and intracellular organic matter with bound extracellular polymeric substance (IOM + bEPS) of two algal species (Amphora coffeaeformis and Navicula incerta) were exposed to 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C for 8 h with polypropylene hydrophobic membrane, simulating heated AOMs contacted with membrane inside MD unit, to study the temperature effect on membrane fouling. The dissolved carbohydrate and protein in the sEPS and IOM + bEPS samples generally increased after being heated. Heating caused cell lysis and the release and dissolution of carbohydrate and protein from sEPS, IOM and bEPS into water. As heating temperature increased, the carbohydrate release from the AOM usually increased. The contact angle of membrane contacted with sEPS and IOM + bEPS reduced significantly after heat treatment. The reduction in IOM + bEPS was larger than sEPS, in line with SEM analysis, indicating membrane surfaces and pores with IOM + bEPS fouled more severely than sEPS. It is due to higher hydrophobicity in IOM + bEPS causing adherence to membrane and presence of amphiphiles. High protein, lipid, and saturated fats proportions also cause severe fouling. SEM-EDX analysis indicated presence of O, Na, Cl and Mg elements, pointing to carbohydrate and lipids, and salt trapped in foulants. AOM heating and composition had direct effect to the membrane integrity, dictating severity of fouling in MD operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Sim Ng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sukdarsanan Ragupathy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aileen Tan Shau Hwai
- Centre for Marine & Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Derek Juinn Chieh Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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12
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Xie H, Zhao Z, Liu T, Wu Y, Lan C, Jiang W, Zhu L, Wang Y, Yang D, Shao Z. A membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation. Nature 2022; 612:673-678. [PMID: 36450987 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical saline water electrolysis using renewable energy as input is a highly desirable and sustainable method for the mass production of green hydrogen1-7; however, its practical viability is seriously challenged by insufficient durability because of the electrode side reactions and corrosion issues arising from the complex components of seawater. Although catalyst engineering using polyanion coatings to suppress corrosion by chloride ions or creating highly selective electrocatalysts has been extensively exploited with modest success, it is still far from satisfactory for practical applications8-14. Indirect seawater splitting by using a pre-desalination process can avoid side-reaction and corrosion problems15-21, but it requires additional energy input, making it economically less attractive. In addition, the independent bulky desalination system makes seawater electrolysis systems less flexible in terms of size. Here we propose a direct seawater electrolysis method for hydrogen production that radically addresses the side-reaction and corrosion problems. A demonstration system was stably operated at a current density of 250 milliamperes per square centimetre for over 3,200 hours under practical application conditions without failure. This strategy realizes efficient, size-flexible and scalable direct seawater electrolysis in a way similar to freshwater splitting without a notable increase in operation cost, and has high potential for practical application. Importantly, this configuration and mechanism promises further applications in simultaneous water-based effluent treatment and resource recovery and hydrogen generation in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization, Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China. .,Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Lan
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchuan Jiang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangyu Zhu
- Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongsheng Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China. .,WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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13
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Chimanlal I, Nthunya LN, Quist-Jensen C, Richards H. Membrane distillation crystallization for water and mineral recovery: The occurrence of fouling and its control during wastewater treatment. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1066027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane distillation crystallization (MDC) is an emerging technology envisaged to manage challenges affecting the desalination industry. This technology can sustainably treat concentrated solutions of produced water and industrially discharged saline wastewater. Simultaneous recovery of clean water and minerals is achieved through the integration of crystallization to membrane distillation (MD). MDC has received vast research interest because of its potential to treat hypersaline solutions. However, MDC still faces challenges in harnessing its industrial applications. Technically, MDC is affected by fouling/scaling and wetting thereby hindering practical application at the industrial level. This study reviews the occurrence of membrane fouling and wetting experienced with MDC. Additionally, existing developments carried out to address these challenges are critically reviewed. Finally, prospects suggesting the sustainability of this technology are highlighted.
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Guillen-Burrieza E, Moritz E, Hobisch M, Muster-Slawitsch B. Recovery of ammonia from centrate water in urban waste water treatment plants via direct contact membrane distillation: Process performance in long-term pilot-scale operation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Chang J, Chang H, Meng Y, Zhao H, Lu M, Liang Y, Yan Z, Liang H. Effects of surfactant types on membrane wetting and membrane hydrophobicity recovery in direct contact membrane distillation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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16
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John J, Nambikattu J, Kaleekkal NJ. An integrated Nanofiltration-Membrane Distillation (NF-MD) process for the treatment of emulsified wastewater. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2131578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana John
- Membrane Separation Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut (NITC), Kozhikode, India
| | - Jenny Nambikattu
- Membrane Separation Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut (NITC), Kozhikode, India
| | - Noel Jacob Kaleekkal
- Membrane Separation Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut (NITC), Kozhikode, India
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A novel Cu-BTC@PVA/PVDF Janus membrane with underwater-oleophobic/hydrophobic asymmetric wettability for anti-fouling membrane distillation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Han M, Han Q, Wu S, Xiao H, Zhang L, Lin Y, Meng F, Zhao S. Unveiling the Impacts of Sodium Hypochlorite on the Characteristics and Fouling Behaviors of Different Commercial Polyvinylidene Fluoride Hollow Fiber Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:965. [PMID: 36295724 PMCID: PMC9607576 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a commonly used cleaning agent for recovering membrane performance in membrane technologies. A thorough understanding of the impacts of NaOCl exposure on membrane properties and fouling behavior is important for optimizing chemical cleaning process and extending membrane lifespan. In this study, three commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes (SMM-1010, MEMCOR® CS II and ZeeWeed 500) were used to systematically explore the effects of NaOCl dose and solution pH (8 and 10) on membrane properties. The results showed that membrane pores increased with exposure time prolonging, and more pores were observed at pH 8 aging condition. The amide group in the Fourier transformation infrared spectra was disappeared, while the carboxylic acid and succinimide groups were formed at pH 10 and pH 8 conditions, respectively. The hydrophilicity and pure water permeability (PWP) of SMM-1010 and MEMCOR® CS II membranes had insignificant changes during NaOCl aging process, whereas the hydrophilicity of ZeeWeed 500 membrane slightly decreased and its PWP increased by 1.4-fold. The antifouling properties of NaOCl-aged SMM-1010 and MEMCOR® CS II membranes were slightly improved, whereas the NaOCl-aged ZeeWeed 500 membrane showed severer flux decline with humic acid filtration. Our findings could provide guidance for practical chemical cleaning process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqiao Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Han
- Guangzhou Jinrongtao Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Shanwei Wu
- Guangzhou Jinrongtao Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hu Xiao
- Guangzhou Jinrongtao Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangzhou Jinrongtao Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yibo Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Fawzy MK, Varela-Corredor F, Boi C, Bandini S. The Role of the Morphological Characterization of Multilayer Hydrophobized Ceramic Membranes on the Prediction of Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation Performances. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:939. [PMID: 36295698 PMCID: PMC9611222 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows which morphological characterization method is most appropriate to simulating membrane performance in sweeping gas membrane distillation in the case of multilayer hydrophobized ceramic membranes. As a case study, capillary four-layer hydrophobic carbon-based titania membranes arranged in bundles in a shell-and-tube configuration were tested with NaCl-water solutions using air as sweeping gas, operating at temperatures from 40 to 110 °C and at pressures up to 5.3 bar. Contrary to what is generally performed for polymeric membranes and also suggested by other authors for ceramic membranes, the mass transfer across the membrane should be simulated using the corresponding values of the mean pore diameter and the porosity-tortuosity ratio of each layer and measured by the layer-by-layer (LBL) method. Comparison of the modeling results with experimental data highlights that the use of parameters averaged over the entire membrane leads to an overestimation by a factor of two to eight of the modeled fluxes, with respect to the experimental values. In contrast, the agreement between the modeled fluxes and the experimental values is very interesting when the LBL parameters are used, with a discrepancy on the order of +/-30%. Finally, the model has been used to investigate the role of operative parameters on process performances. Process efficiency should be the optimal balance between the concomitant effects of temperature and velocity of the liquid phase and pressure and velocity of the gas phase.
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Wang Q, Yang X, Qi R, Zhang L. Reconstruction and Removal Mechanisms of Gel-like Membrane Fouling for Seawater Desalination: Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183734. [PMID: 36145886 PMCID: PMC9500861 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-gel fouling is a key problem faced by membrane desalination, especially for applications in organic acid-rich seawater. In this paper, a chemical crosslinking-based method was used to reconstruct and characterize the gel pollutants produced under the actual operating conditions of seawater desalination. In addition to the calcium alginate/calcium humate three-dimensional network skeleton, salt ions (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Cl−) in solution were also considered to ensure that the reconstructed gel was similar to pollutant gels on membranes under practical operating conditions. Characterizations showed that the reconstructed gel has high thermal insulation and stability, thus adjusting the temperature has no removal effect. Two detergents (sodium citrate and sodium hydroxide) were investigated, and their gel-removal mechanism was elucidated by molecular dynamics simulation. Numerical analysis showed that the electrostatic attraction interaction had a significant role in the gel cleaning process. Owing to the attraction of the lower electrostatic potential region in the cleaning agent, the ion exchange between Na+ in the cleaning agent and Ca2+ in the gel led to the breaking of the Ca2+-induced intermolecular bridge in the complex. As the adhesion of fouling gels decreased, the gel water solubility was increased, resulting in a decrease in weight and strength of the gel. Therefore, the integrity of the gel fouling layer was weakened and can be effectively removed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the removal of gel-like membrane fouling during actual seawater desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ronghui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-87112053
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation of Education Ministry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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21
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22
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Santoro S, Avci AH, Politano A, Curcio E. The advent of thermoplasmonic membrane distillation. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6087-6125. [PMID: 35789347 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater scarcity is a vital societal challenge related to climate change, population pressure, and agricultural and industrial demands. Therefore, sustainable desalination/purification of salty/contaminated water for human uses is particularly relevant. Membrane distillation is an emerging hybrid thermal-membrane technology with the potential to overcome the drawbacks of conventional desalination by a synergic exploitation of the water-energy nexus. Although membrane distillation is considered a green technology, efficient heat management remains a critical concern affecting the cost of the process and hindering its viability at large scale. A multidisciplinary approach that involves materials chemistry, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials and polymer science is required to solve this problem. The combination of solar energy with membrane distillation is considered a potentially feasible low-cost approach for providing high-quality freshwater with a low carbon footprint. In particular, recent discoveries about efficient light-to-heat conversion in nanomaterials have opened unprecedented perspectives for the implementation of sunlight-based renewable energy in membrane distillation. The integration of nanofillers enabling photothermal effects into membranes has been demonstrated to be able to significantly enhance the energy efficiency without impacting on economic costs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on the state of the art, the opportunities, open challenges and pitfalls of the emerging field of solar-driven membrane distillation. We also assess the peculiar physicochemical properties and synthesis scalability of photothermal materials, as well as the strategies for their integration into polymeric nanocomposite membranes enabling efficient light-to-heat conversion and freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Santoro
- University of Calabria - Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Cubo 44 A, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende CS, Italy.
| | - Ahmet H Avci
- University of Calabria - Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Cubo 44 A, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende CS, Italy.
| | - Antonio Politano
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila (AQ), Italy.
| | - Efrem Curcio
- University of Calabria - Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Cubo 44 A, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Rende CS, Italy.
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23
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Costa FC, Fortes AR, Braga CD, Arcanjo GS, Grossi L, Mounteer AH, Moravia WG, Koch K, Drewes JE, Ricci BC, Amaral MC. Assessment of a hybrid UV-LED-membrane distillation process: Focus on fouling mitigation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Kim J, Yun ET, Tijing L, Shon HK, Hong S. Mitigation of fouling and wetting in membrane distillation by electrical repulsion using a multi-layered single-wall carbon nanotube/polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Comparative analysis of separation methods used for the elimination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from water – A critical review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Scale Up and Validation of Novel Tri-Bore PVDF Hollow Fiber Membranes for Membrane Distillation Application in Desalination and Industrial Wastewater Recycling. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060573. [PMID: 35736279 PMCID: PMC9229717 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel tri-bore polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes (TBHF) were scaled-up for fabrication on industrial-scale hollow fiber spinning equipment, with the objective of validating the membrane technology for membrane distillation (MD) applications in areas such as desalination, resource recovery, and zero liquid discharge. The membrane chemistry and spinning processes were adapted from a previously reported method and optimized to suit large-scale production processes with the objective of translating the technology from lab scale to pilot scale and eventual commercialization. The membrane process was successfully optimized in small 1.5 kg batches and scaled-up to 20 kg and 50 kg batch sizes with good reproducibility of membrane properties. The membranes were then assembled into 0.5-inch and 2-inch modules of different lengths and evaluated in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) mode, as well as vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) mode. The 0.5-inch modules had a permeate flux >10 L m−2 h−1, whereas the 2-inch module flux dropped significantly to <2 L m−2 h−1 according to testing with 3.5 wt.% NaCl feed. Several optimization trials were carried out to improve the DCMD and VMD flux to >5 L m−2 h−1, whereas the salt rejection consistently remained ≥99.9%.
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Chauke NM, Moutloali RM, Ramontja J. Influence of the Zeolite ZSM-22 Precursor on a UF-PES Selective Substrate Layer for Salts Rejection. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060553. [PMID: 35736260 PMCID: PMC9230752 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of the ZSM-22/Polyethersulfone (ZSM-22/PES) membranes as selective salt filters represent a growing membrane technological area in separation with the potential of high economic reward based on its low energy requirements. The incorporation of ZSM-22 zeolite material as additives into the PES polymer matrix has the prospective advantage of combining both the zeolite and polymer features while overcoming the limitations associated with both materials. This work investigated the influence of the nature of the silica precursor on ZSM-22 zeolite hydrothermally synthesised using colloidal (C60) and fumed (C60) silica to Si/Al of 60. The successful synthesis of the highly crystalline zeolitic materials was confirmed through XRD, FTIR, and SEM with EDX. The ZSM-22 additives were directly dispersed into a PES polymeric matrix to form a casting solution for the preparation of the ZSM-22/PES selective substrate layers via a phase inversion method for salts rejection. The polymeric PES was selected as an organic network in which the content of the ZSM-22 zeolite (ranging between 0 and 1.0 wt.%), was obtained and characterised by XRD, FTIR, and SEM analysis, as well as water contact angle (WCA) measurement and dead-end filtration cell. The phase inversion preparation method has induced the resulting ZSM-22/PES NF substrates anisotropy, as attributed to a high water flux to the above 700 L·m−2·h−1; high selectivity and rejection of salts to above 80% is revealed by the obtained results. The materials also exhibited improved antifouling behavior to above 70% flux recovery ratios. As such, the nature of the silica precursor influences ZSM-22 zeolite synthesis as a potential additive in the PES polymer matrix and led to the enhanced performance of the pure PES ultrafiltration membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyiko M. Chauke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- DSI/MINTEK Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Richard M. Moutloali
- DSI/MINTEK Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (J.R.); Tel.: +27-(0)-11-559-6754(ext. 3918) (J.R.)
| | - James Ramontja
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
- DSI/MINTEK Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (J.R.); Tel.: +27-(0)-11-559-6754(ext. 3918) (J.R.)
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Qua MS, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Hernandez S, Paing AT, Mottaiyan K, Zuo J, Dhalla A, Chung TS, Gudipati C. Novel Sandwich-Structured Hollow Fiber Membrane for High-Efficiency Membrane Distillation and Scale-Up for Pilot Validation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040423. [PMID: 35448394 PMCID: PMC9032867 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fiber membranes were produced from a commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, Kynar HSV 900, with a unique sandwich structure consisting of two sponge-like layers connected to the outer and inner skin layers while the middle layer comprises macrovoids. The sponge-like layer allows the membrane to have good mechanical strength even at low skin thickness and favors water vapor transportation during vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). The middle layer with macrovoids helps to significantly reduce the trans-membrane resistance during water vapor transportation from the feed side to the permeate side. Together, these novel structural characteristics are expected to render the PVDF hollow fiber membranes more efficient in terms of vapor flux as well as mechanical integrity. Using the chemistry and process conditions adopted from previous work, we were able to scale up the membrane fabrication from a laboratory scale of 1.5 kg to a manufacturing scale of 50 kg with consistent membrane performance. The produced PVDF membrane, with a liquid entry pressure (LEPw) of >3 bar and a pure water flux of >30 L/m2·hr (LMH) under VMD conditions at 70−80 °C, is perfectly suitable for next-generation high-efficiency membranes for desalination and industrial wastewater applications. The technology translation efforts, including membrane and module scale-up as well as the preliminary pilot-scale validation study, are discussed in detail in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marn Soon Qua
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Junyou Zhang
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Sebastian Hernandez
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Aung Thet Paing
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Karikalan Mottaiyan
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Jian Zuo
- Food, Chemical and Biotechnology Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 637141, Singapore;
| | - Adil Dhalla
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Tai-Shung Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-S.C.); (C.G.); Tel.: +886-2-2730-1158 (T.-S.C.); +65-6908-2275 (C.G.)
| | - Chakravarthy Gudipati
- Separation Technologies Applied Research and Translation Centre (START), Nanyang Technological University–NTUitive Pte Ltd., Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; (M.S.Q.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (S.H.); (A.T.P.); (K.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (T.-S.C.); (C.G.); Tel.: +886-2-2730-1158 (T.-S.C.); +65-6908-2275 (C.G.)
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29
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Tomczak W, Gryta M. The Impact of Operational Parameters on Polypropylene Membrane Performance during the Separation of Oily Saline Wastewaters by the Membrane Distillation Process. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040351. [PMID: 35448321 PMCID: PMC9027506 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, membrane distillation (MD) was applied for the treatment of oily saline wastewaters produced on ships sailing the Baltic Sea. For comparison purposes, experiments were also carried out with model NaCl solutions, the Baltic Seawater and oil in water emulsions. The commercial Accurel PP V8/2 membranes (Membrana GmbH, Germany) were used. In order to investigate the impact of the operational parameters on the process performance, the experiments were conducted under various values of the feed flow velocity (from 0.03 to 0.12 m/s) and the feed temperature (from 323 to 343 K). The obtained results highlight the potential of PP membranes application for a stable and reliable long-term treatment of oily wastewater. It was demonstrated that the permeate flux increased significantly with increasing feed temperature. However, the lower temperature ensured the limited scaling phenomenon during the treatment of oily wastewaters. Likewise, increasing the feed flow velocity was beneficial to the increase in the flux. Moreover, it was found that performing a cyclic rinsing of the module with a 3% HCl solution is an effective method to maintain a satisfactory module performance. The present study sheds light on improving the MD for the treatment of oily wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirginia Tomczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Marek Gryta
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence: (W.T.); (M.G.)
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30
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Membrane distillation technology for molecular separation: A review on the fouling, wetting and transport phenomena. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Li H, Feng H, Li M, Zhang X. Engineering a covalently constructed superomniphobic membrane for robust membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Santos PG, Scherer CM, Fisch AG, Rodrigues MAS. Membrane Distillation: Pre-Treatment Effects on Fouling Dynamics. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120958. [PMID: 34940459 PMCID: PMC8706986 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the research reported in this paper, membrane distillation was employed to recover water from a concentrated saline petrochemical effluent. According to the results, the use of membrane distillation is technically feasible when pre-treatments are employed to mitigate fouling. A mathematical model was used to evaluate the fouling mechanism, showing that the deposition of particulate and precipitated material occurred in all tests; however, the fouling dynamic depends on the pre-treatment employed (filtration, or filtration associated with a pH adjustment). The deposit layer formed by particles is not cohesive, allowing its entrainment to the bulk flow. The precipitate fouling showed a minimal tendency to entrainment. Also, precipitate fouling served as a coupling agent among adjacent particles, increasing the fouling layer cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G. Santos
- Graduation Program in Environmental Quality, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo 93525-075, Brazil;
| | - Cíntia M. Scherer
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo 93525-075, Brazil;
| | - Adriano G. Fisch
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Antônio S. Rodrigues
- Graduation Program in Technology of Materials and Industrial Processes, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo 93525-075, Brazil;
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Jia X, Lan L, Zhang X, Wang T, Wang Y, Ye C, Lin J. Pilot-scale vacuum membrane distillation for decontamination of simulated radioactive wastewater: System design and performance evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Eryildiz B, Ozbey-Unal B, Gezmis-Yavuz E, Koseoglu-Imer DY, Keskinler B, Koyuncu I. Flux-enhanced reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/PVDF nanofibrous membrane distillation membranes for the removal of boron from geothermal water. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Yan X, Wang G, Ma C, Li J, Cheng S, Yang C, Chen L. Effects of pollutants in alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding oilfield wastewater on membrane fouling in direct contact membrane distillation by response surface methodology. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131130. [PMID: 34470168 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic pollutants in alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding oilfield wastewater are complex [e.g., NaCl, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), petroleum, and polyacrylamide (PAM)]; thus, membrane distillation (MD) applied to treat this wastewater will be fouled and wetted easily. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the effects of pollutant interactions in ASP flooding oilfield wastewater on membrane fouling. The response model showed quantitative relationships between the membrane flux and the pollutant concentrations. The analysis of variance (p-value of the model < 0.0001, p-value of lack of fit > 0.05, R2 = 0.9750 and R2adj = 0.9500) showed that the regression equation fit the empirical data well. The results also indicated that the interactions of pollutants (NaCl and SDS; petroleum and PAM) had significant influence on the flux decline in the simulated ASP flooding oilfield wastewater. The characterization of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the MD membrane was fouled by simulated ASP flooding oilfield wastewater to a certain degree. Moreover, the membrane flux was restored to 86.9% after hydraulic cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Yan
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China; Tianjin Haiyuanhui Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Junyu Li
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Shirong Cheng
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Naim R, Pei Sean G, Nasir Z, Mokhtar NM, Safiah Muhammad NA. Recent Progress and Challenges in Hollow Fiber Membranes for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:839. [PMID: 34832068 PMCID: PMC8617921 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Membrane processes have been extensively employed in diverse applications, specifically in industrial wastewater treatment. The technological development in membrane processes has rapidly advanced and accelerated beyond its common principle and operation. Tremendous efforts have been made in the advancement of membrane materials, fabrication method, membrane modification and integration with other technologies that can augment the existing membrane processes to another level. This review presents the recent development of hollow fiber membranes applied in wastewater treatment and resource recovery. The membrane working principles and treatment mechanism were discussed thoroughly, with the recent development of these hollow fiber membranes highlighted based on several types of membrane application. The current challenges and limitations which may hinder this technology from expanding were critically described to offer a better perspective for this technology to be adopted in various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmawati Naim
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Goh Pei Sean
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Zinnirah Nasir
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia;
| | - Nadzirah Mohd Mokhtar
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia; (N.M.M.); (N.A.S.M.)
| | - Nor Amirah Safiah Muhammad
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia; (N.M.M.); (N.A.S.M.)
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Assessment of module arrangements of a direct contact membrane distillation process for a small-scale desalination plant. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tagliabue M, Tonziello J, Bottino A, Capannelli G, Comite A, Pagliero M, Boero F, Cattaneo C. Laboratory Scale Evaluation of Fertiliser Factory Wastewater Treatment through Membrane Distillation and Reverse Osmosis. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080610. [PMID: 34436373 PMCID: PMC8398162 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incumbent water stress scenario imposes wastewater valorisation to freshwater, promoting technology for its effective treatment. Wastewater from fertiliser factories is quite problematic because of its relevant acidity and solute content. Its treatment through vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) was evaluated through laboratory scale tests at 40 °C and 25 mbar vacuum pressure with polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene flat-sheet porous membranes. The wastewater from a partially disused Italian industrial site was considered. VMD distillate fluxes between 22 and 57.4 L m-2 h-1 (LMH), depending on the pore size of the membranes, along with very high retention (R > 99%) for anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43-), NH4+, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed. Laboratory scale reverse osmosis (RO) tests at 25 °C and increasing of the operating pressure (from 20 bar to 40 bar) were carried out with a seawater desalination membrane for comparison purposes. Permeability values around 1.1 LMH/bar almost independently of the operating pressure were observed. Lower retentions than those measured from VMD tests were found. Finally, for any given RO operating pressure, the flux recovery ratio (FRR) calculated from permeate fluxes measured with pure water before and after wastewater treatment was always much lower that evaluated for VMD membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tagliabue
- Renewable Energy and Environmental Laboratories, Eni S.p.A., F. Maritano 26, I-20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (M.T.); (J.T.)
| | - J. Tonziello
- Renewable Energy and Environmental Laboratories, Eni S.p.A., F. Maritano 26, I-20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (M.T.); (J.T.)
| | - A. Bottino
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genoa, Italy; (A.B.); (G.C.); (M.P.)
| | - G. Capannelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genoa, Italy; (A.B.); (G.C.); (M.P.)
- TICASS S.c.r.l., B. Bosco 57/4, I-16121 Genoa, Italy; (F.B.); (C.C.)
| | - A. Comite
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genoa, Italy; (A.B.); (G.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - M. Pagliero
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genoa, Italy; (A.B.); (G.C.); (M.P.)
| | - F. Boero
- TICASS S.c.r.l., B. Bosco 57/4, I-16121 Genoa, Italy; (F.B.); (C.C.)
| | - C. Cattaneo
- TICASS S.c.r.l., B. Bosco 57/4, I-16121 Genoa, Italy; (F.B.); (C.C.)
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Gryta M. Resistance of Polypropylene Membrane to Oil Fouling during Membrane Distillation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080552. [PMID: 34436315 PMCID: PMC8400933 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of oil emulsion presence in the water on the course of water desalination by membrane distillation was studied. The feed water was contaminated by oil collected from the bilge water. The impact of feed composition on the wetting resistance of hydrophobic polypropylene membranes was evaluated during long-term studies. Two types of the capillary membranes fabricated by thermally induced phase separation method were tested. It has been found that these membranes were non-wetted during the separation of NaCl solutions over a period of 500 h of modules exploitation. The addition of oil (5-100 mg/L) to the feed caused a progressive decline of the permeate flux up to 30%; however, the applied hydrophobic membranes retained their non-wettability for the consecutive 2400 h of the process operation. It was indicated that several compounds containing the carbonyl group were formed on the membranes surface during the process. These hydrophilic compounds facilitated the water adsorption on the surface of polypropylene which restricted the oil deposition on the membranes used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Gryta
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
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Li X, Lee HS, Wang Z, Lee J. State-of-the-art management technologies of dissolved methane in anaerobically-treated low-strength wastewaters: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117269. [PMID: 34091220 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancement in low temperature anaerobic processes shows a great promise for realizing low-energy-cost, sustainable mainstream wastewater treatment. However, the considerable loss of the dissolved methane from anaerobically-treated low-strength wastewater significantly compromises the energy potential of the anaerobic processes and poses an environmental risk. In this review, the promises and challenges of existing and emerging technologies for dissolved methane management are examined: its removal, recovery, and on-site reuse. It begins by describing the working principles of gas-stripping and biological oxidation for methane removal, membrane contactors and vacuum degassers for methane recovery, and on-site biological conversion of dissolved methane into electricity or value-added biochemicals as direct energy sources or energy-compensating substances. A comparative assessment of these technologies in the three categories is presented based on methane treating efficiency, energy-production potential, applicability, and scalability. Finally, current research needs and future perspectives are highlighted to advance the future development of an economically and technically sustainable methane-management technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hyung-Sool Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
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Blankert B, Van der Bruggen B, Childress AE, Ghaffour N, Vrouwenvelder JS. Potential Pitfalls in Membrane Fouling Evaluation: Merits of Data Representation as Resistance Instead of Flux Decline in Membrane Filtration. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070460. [PMID: 34206467 PMCID: PMC8304183 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The manner in which membrane-fouling experiments are conducted and how fouling performance data are represented have a strong impact on both how the data are interpreted and on the conclusions that may be drawn. We provide a couple of examples to prove that it is possible to obtain misleading conclusions from commonly used representations of fouling data. Although the illustrative example revolves around dead-end ultrafiltration, the underlying principles are applicable to a wider range of membrane processes. When choosing the experimental conditions and how to represent fouling data, there are three main factors that should be considered: (I) the foulant mass is principally related to the filtered volume; (II) the filtration flux can exacerbate fouling effects (e.g., concentration polarization and cake compression); and (III) the practice of normalization, as in dividing by an initial value, disregards the difference in driving force and divides the fouling effect by different numbers. Thus, a bias may occur that favors the experimental condition with the lower filtration flux and the less-permeable membrane. It is recommended to: (I) avoid relative fouling performance indicators, such as relative flux decline (J/J0); (II) use resistance vs. specific volume; and (III) use flux-controlled experiments for fouling performance evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Blankert
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (B.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Amy E. Childress
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (B.B.); (N.G.)
| | - Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (B.B.); (N.G.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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42
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Polyvinylidene fluoride as a neat and the synthesized novel membranes based on PVDF/polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer grafted with TiO2 nanoparticles through RAFT method for water purification. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00928-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Analysis of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes Fabricated for Membrane Distillation. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060437. [PMID: 34200725 PMCID: PMC8230010 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of the properties for MD membranes is challenging due to the trade-off between water productivity and wetting tendency. Herein, this study presents a novel methodology to examine the properties of MD membranes. Seven polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were synthesized under different conditions by the phase inversion method and characterized to measure flux, rejection, contact angle (CA), liquid entry pressure (LEP), and pore sizes. Then, water vapor permeability (Bw), salt leakage ratio (Lw), and fiber radius (Rf) were calculated for the in-depth analysis. Results showed that the water vapor permeability and salt leakage ratio of the prepared membranes ranged from 7.76 × 10−8 s/m to 20.19 × 10−8 s/m and from 0.0020 to 0.0151, respectively. The Rf calculated using the Purcell model was in the range from 0.598 μm to 1.690 μm. Since the Rf was relatively small, the prepared membranes can have high LEP (more than 1.13 bar) even at low CA (less than 90.8°). The trade-off relations between the water vapor permeability and the other properties could be confirmed from the results of the prepared membranes. Based on these results, the properties of an efficient MD membrane were suggested as a guideline for the membrane development.
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44
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Gryta M. Surface modification of polypropylene membrane by helium plasma treatment for membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mousavi SA, Arab Aboosadi Z, Mansourizadeh A, Honarvar B. Modification of porous polyetherimide hollow fiber membrane by dip-coating of Zonyl ® BA for membrane distillation of dyeing wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:3092-3109. [PMID: 34185702 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wetting and fouling have significantly affected the application of membrane distillation (MD). In this work, a dip-coating method was used for improving surface hydrophobicity of the polyetherimide (PEI) hollow fiber membrane. An air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) process was applied for treatment of the methylene blue (MB) solution. The porous PEI membrane was fabricated by a dry-wet spinning process and the hydrophobic 2-(Perfluoroalkyl) ethanol (Zonyl® BA) was used as the coating material. From FESEM, the modified PEI-Zonyl membrane showed an open structure with large finger-like cavities. The modified membrane displayed a narrow pore size distribution with mean pore size of 0.028 μm. The outer surface contact angle of the PEI-Zonyl membrane increased from 81.3° to 100.4° due to the formation of an ultra-thin coated layer. The pure water flux of the PEI-Zonyl membrane was slightly reduced compared to the pristine PEI membrane. A permeate flux of 6.5 kg/m2 h and MB rejection of 98% were found for the PEI-Zonyl membrane during 76 h of the AGMD operation. Adsorption of MB on the membrane surface was confirmed based on the Langmuir isotherm evaluation, AFM and FESEM analysis. The modified PEI-Zonyl membrane can be a favorable alternative for AGMD of dyeing wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Z Arab Aboosadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - A Mansourizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Technology Research Center (MSTRC), Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran E-mail:
| | - B Honarvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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46
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Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/Poly(ethersulfone) Blend Membrane Fabricated Using an Innovative Method of Mixing Electrospinning and Phase Inversion. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050790. [PMID: 33806655 PMCID: PMC7961782 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel polymeric membrane was innovated in terms of composition and preparation techniques. A blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PcH) and poly(ethersulfone) (PES) (18 wt.% total polymer concentration) was prepared using a N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvents mixture, while Lithium chloride (0.05–0.5 wt.%) was used as an additive. The electrospinning and phase inversion techniques were used together to obtain a novel membrane structure. The prepared membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscope imaging, energy dispersive X-Ray, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance analyses. Moreover, the static water contact angle, membrane thickness, porosity, surface roughness as well as water vapor permeability were determined. ImageJ software was used to estimate the average fiber diameter. Additionally, the effect of the change of PcH concentration and coagulation bath temperature on the properties of the fabricated membrane was studied. The novel developed membrane has shown a good efficiency in terms of properties and features, as a membrane suitable for membrane distillation (MD); a high porosity (84.4% ± 0.6), hydrophobic surface (136.39° ± 3.1 static water contact angle), and a water vapor permeability of around 4.37 × 10−5 g·m/m2·day·Pa were obtained. The prepared membrane can be compared to the MD membranes commercially available in terms of properties and economic value.
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Anqi AE, Mohammed AA. Evaluating Critical Influencing Factors of Desalination by Membrane Distillation Process-Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:164. [PMID: 33673407 PMCID: PMC7996794 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Water desalination by membrane distillation (MD) can be affected by a wide range of operating parameters. The present work uses combinational approach of Analytical Hierarch process (AHP) and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy process (Fuzzy-AHP) to identify the most important parameters in the MD desalination. Five process parameters and key-performance indicators, named derivable outputs (DOs), are considered, along with the critical factors affecting these DOs in the current study. The DOs and the critical influencing factors (CIFs) are selected based on their experimental feasibility. The investigation involves five DOs, which are liquid entry pressure, thermal power consumption, permeate quality, permeate flux, and pumping (feed circulation) power. A total of twenty-five critical influencing factor were associated with the DOs. The identification of the DOs and CIFs was based on the literature review, and further analyses were performed. Both methods, AHP and Fuzzy-AHP, determined six extremely important CIFs in the desalination MD, which are feed temperature, feed concentration, or feed salinity; feed flow rate; membrane hydrophobicity; pore size; and membrane material. Moderately important CIFs are found to be four by both methods. These common CIFs are feed solution properties, membrane thickness, feed channel geometry, and pressure difference along the feed channel. Finally, the least preferred CIFs are four common in both methods that are MD configuration, duration of test, specific heat of feed solution, and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E. Anqi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
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48
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Einarsson SJ, Wu B. Thermal associated pressure-retarded osmosis processes for energy production: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143731. [PMID: 33279189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is an existential threat to global environments and human life. To achieve global mean temperature rise of below 1.5 °C, increasing utilization of renewable energy and minimizing CO₂ emission from fossil fuel industries have been emphasized by the United Nations. Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) has displayed its technical feasibility in capturing renewable energy from the salinity gradient of two streams through a semipermeable membrane. Towards achieving economic feasible PRO, process optimization, waste stream/heat utilization, and hybrid PRO processes have been attempted by theoretically modelling and experimental examination. Among these efforts, the thermal associated PRO processes have received great attention due to their improved power generation. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review on thermal associated PRO processes, focusing on the role of thermal behaviour in both stand-alone PRO and hybrid PRO processes (e.g. PRO-membrane distillation, PRO-thermosiphon, PRO-solar pond). Meanwhile, thermal associated draw solution development has been highlighted. Finally, a combination of PRO with high temperature/high pressure geothermal waste gas as draw solution is proposed and its technical and economic feasibility is discussed, especially under Icelandic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurður John Einarsson
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bing Wu
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iceland, Hjardarhagi 2-6, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Chang H, Liu B, Zhang Z, Pawar R, Yan Z, Crittenden JC, Vidic RD. A Critical Review of Membrane Wettability in Membrane Distillation from the Perspective of Interfacial Interactions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1395-1418. [PMID: 33314911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic membranes used in membrane distillation (MD) systems are often subject to wetting during long-term operation. Thus, it is of great importance to fully understand factors that influence the wettability of hydrophobic membranes and their impact on the overall separation efficiency that can be achieved in MD systems. This Critical Review summarizes both fundamental and applied aspects of membrane wetting with particular emphasis on interfacial interaction between the membrane and solutes in the feed solution. First, the theoretical background of surface wetting, including the relationship between wettability and interfacial interaction, definition and measurement of contact angle, surface tension, surface free energy, adhesion force, and liquid entry pressure, is described. Second, the nature of wettability, membrane wetting mechanisms, influence of membrane properties, feed characteristics and operating conditions on membrane wetting, and evolution of membrane wetting are reviewed in the context of an MD process. Third, specific membrane features that increase resistance to wetting (e.g., superhydrophobic, omniphobic, and Janus membranes) are discussed briefly followed by the comparison of various cleaning approaches to restore membrane hydrophobicity. Finally, challenges with the prevention of membrane wetting are summarized, and future work is proposed to improve the use of MD technology in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Baicang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Ritesh Pawar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Radisav D Vidic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Mousavi SA, Arab Aboosadi Z, Mansourizadeh A, Honarvar B. Surface modified porous polyetherimide hollow fiber membrane for sweeping gas membrane distillation of dyeing wastewater. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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