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Hemmerle A, Aubert N, Moreno T, Kékicheff P, Heinrich B, Spagnoli S, Goldmann M, Ciatto G, Fontaine P. Opportunities and new developments for the study of surfaces and interfaces in soft condensed matter at the SIRIUS beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:162-176. [PMID: 37933848 PMCID: PMC10833424 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523008810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The SIRIUS beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL is dedicated to X-ray scattering and spectroscopy of surfaces and interfaces, covering the tender to mid-hard X-ray range (1.1-13 keV). The beamline has hosted a wide range of experiments in the field of soft interfaces and beyond, providing various grazing-incidence techniques such as diffraction and wide-angle scattering (GIXD/GIWAXS), small-angle scattering (GISAXS) and X-ray fluorescence in total reflection (TXRF). SIRIUS also offers specific sample environments tailored for in situ complementary experiments on solid and liquid surfaces. Recently, the beamline has added compound refractive lenses associated with a transfocator, allowing for the X-ray beam to be focused down to 10 µm × 10 µm while maintaining a reasonable flux on the sample. This new feature opens up new possibilities for faster GIXD measurements at the liquid-air interface and for measurements on samples with narrow geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Hemmerle
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Nicolas Aubert
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Thierry Moreno
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Patrick Kékicheff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UPR22, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7504, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Spagnoli
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR 7588 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Michel Goldmann
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR 7588 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Gianluca Ciatto
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Philippe Fontaine
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
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Rhein F, Nirschl H, Kaegi R. Separation of Microplastic Particles from Sewage Sludge Extracts Using Magnetic Seeded Filtration. WATER RESEARCH X 2022; 17:100155. [PMID: 36177247 PMCID: PMC9513278 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2022.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic particles (MP) are efficiently retained in wastewater treatment plants and enriched in sewage sludge. For monitoring MP contents in wastewater systems, sewage sludge is thus well suited, but also requires an isolation of MP from the sludge matrix, as other sewage sludge components may interfere with the MP identification and quantification. Although organic matter in sludge samples can be removed through acid and enzymatic digestion procedures, cellulose - mainly from toilet paper - remains in the digests, due to its high chemical resistivity and similar density to MP. We apply the separation concept of magnetic seeded filtration to isolate MP through selective hetero-agglomeration with magnetic seed particles. MP and cellulose differ in their hydrophobic properties and we investigate to what extent these differences can be exploited to selectively form MP-magnetite hetero-agglomerates in the presence of cellulose. These hetero-agglomerates are subsequently separated using a magnet. Five MP types (Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS)) and cellulose particles were mixed in different combinations with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic (silanized) magnetite particles. PET, PP, LDPE and PS only poorly agglomerated with pristine (hydrophilic) magnetite, but efficiently formed hetero-agglomerates with hydrophobic magnetite and were successfully removed from suspensions ( 80 - 100 % ). PVC agglomerated more efficiently with pristine than with hydrophobic magnetite and cellulose only agglomerated to a limited extent with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic magnetite, resulting in a high process selectivity. Results from experiments conducted at different ionic strengths and with hydrophilic and hydrophobic magnetite suggests that the agglomeration process was dominated by hydrophobic interactions. Enzymatic and oxidative treatment of the MP only marginally affected the separation efficiencies and (treated) MP spiked to sewage sludge extracts were successfully recovered using magnetic seeded filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rhein
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Strasse am Forum 8, Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Strasse am Forum 8, Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Ralf Kaegi
- Eawag, Ueberlandstrasse 133, Dübendorf 8600 Switzerland
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A new device for the combined measurement of friction and through-thickness deformation on ex vivo skin samples. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 130:105141. [PMID: 35318168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin irritation is a common phenomenon that becomes a real concern when caused by the use of medical devices. Because the materials used for the design of these devices are usually carefully selected for chemical compatibility with the skin, it is reasonable to assume that the irritations result from the mechanical interaction between the devices and the skin. The aim of this work was to develop a new device to study both the shear strains in the layers of the skin, using Digital Image Correlation (DIC), and the friction behaviour of ex vivo skin interacting with objects. Pig skin samples with various surface preparations were tested in friction experiments involving different contacting materials encountered in the conception of medical devices. The measure of the static and dynamic coefficients of friction as well as the length of adhesion has highlighted the great influence of skin surface conditioning on friction properties. Strain maps obtained through DIC provided insights into the impact of friction and adhesion effects on shear strain distribution in the skin as a function of depth beneath its surface.
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Li Y, Li S, Bai P, Jia W, Xu Q, Meng Y, Ma L, Tian Y. Surface wettability effect on aqueous lubrication: Van der Waals and hydration force competition induced adhesive friction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 599:667-675. [PMID: 33984761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Wettability effect has long been a concern in various aqueous lubrication systems including biological and industrial applications. The wettability may affect lubrication performance by changing interfacial viscosity or hydration force. The key point to reveal the mechanism is to design an ideal experimental system to exclude other bulk factors other than surface wettability. EXPERIMENTS In this work, silicon surfaces with different treatments were used to study the single factor effect of wettability on aqueous lubrication. The normal and friction forces of these surfaces were quantified by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in water environment. The interfacial viscosity was evaluated according to the probe dynamic approaching process. Macroscale and microscale lubrication experiments of other materials were also conducted as verification and supplement. FINDINGS A semi-quantitative relationship between friction and wettability was revealed and attributed to the competition between the attractive van der Waals interactions and wettability-dependent repulsive hydration interaction, which determined the strength of the adhesive interaction and dominated the sliding energy dissipation. The contribution of viscous effect of water was considered to be relatively minor. The findings provide an in-depth understanding of aqueous lubrication and outline important guidelines for tuning adhesion and friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pengpeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenpeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, School of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yonggang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Meklesh V, Kékicheff P. Bending elastic modulus of a polymer-doped lyotropic lamellar phase. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:1158-1178. [PMID: 32949921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of inserting a neutral water-soluble adsorbing polymer on the flexibility of amphiphilic bilayers in a lamellar phase is investigated. The Lα system is a stack of charged undulating bilayers composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and octanol separated by aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The mean bending elastic modulus κ is determined from the quadrupole splittings in the solid state NMR spectra of the perdeuterated octanol chains embedded in the membranes that undergo collective fluctuations. Parameters for describing the membrane behavior (bilayer thickness, elastic compressibility modulus, order parameter) are obtained by supplementing the NMR data with complementary experiments (x-ray scattering), NMR spectral simulations, and theoretical considerations. A fairly complete picture of the membrane rigidity emerges for any location in the lamellar phase thanks to a broad sweep of the lamellar domain by systematically varying the membrane fraction along dilution lines as well as the polymer composition. The most remarkable result is the difference between dilute and semi-dilute regimes. In the dilute PEG solution, no (or slight positive shift) polymer contribution to the rigidity curvature of the layered system is noted within the experimental resolution (≤0.3 kBT) and κ remains around 2.7 kBT. In contrast, the membrane rigidity increases steadily upon polymer addition once the crossover concentration cp* is exceeded, amounting to a 60% increase in κ at polymer concentration 2.5 cp* in the aqueous interlayers. These results are discussed with regard to the theoretical expectation of membrane rigidification upon irreversible polymer adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Meklesh
- Université de Strasbourg, C.N.R.S. Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Patrick Kékicheff
- Université de Strasbourg, C.N.R.S. Institut Charles Sadron, UPR22, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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Smith AM, Borkovec M, Trefalt G. Forces between solid surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 275:102078. [PMID: 31837508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses experimental findings obtained with direct force measurements between two similar or dissimilar solid surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions. Interpretation of these measurements is mainly put forward in terms of the classical theory of Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO). This theory invokes a superposition of attractive van der Waals forces and repulsive double layer forces. DLVO theory is shown to be extremely reliable, even in the case of multivalent ions. However, such a description is only successful, when appropriate surface charge densities, charge regulation characteristics, and ion pairing or complexation equilibria in solution are considered. Deviations from DLVO theory only manifest themselves at distances of typically below few nm. More long-ranged non-DLVO forces can be observed in some situations, particularly, in concentrated electrolyte solutions, in the presence of strongly adsorbed layers, or for hydrophobic surfaces. The latter forces probably originate from patch-charge surface heterogeneities, which can be induced by ion-ion correlation effects, charge fluctuations, or other types of surface heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Smith
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michal Borkovec
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Trefalt
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Klein J. Origins of the long-ranged attraction between surfaces that were rendered hydrophobic by surfactant layers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 270:261-262. [PMID: 31301602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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