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Novel Approach to the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Using a Combination with Palmitoylethanolamide and Equisetum arvense L. in an In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065503. [PMID: 36982577 PMCID: PMC10053612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a typical patient disorder resulting from damage and dysfunction of the peripheral neuraxis. Injury to peripheral nerves in the upper extremities can result in a lifelong reduction in quality of life and a devastating loss of sensory and motor function. Since some standard pharmaceutical therapies can cause dependence or intolerance, nonpharmacological treatments have gained great interest in recent years. In this context, the beneficial effects of a new combination of palmitoylethanolamide and Equisetum arvense L. are evaluated in the present study. The bioavailability of the combination was initially analyzed in a 3D intestinal barrier simulating oral intake to analyze its absorption/biodistribution and exclude cytotoxicity. In a further step, a 3D nerve tissue model was performed to study the biological effects of the combination during the key mechanisms leading to peripheral neuropathy. Our results demonstrate that the combination successfully crossed the intestinal barrier and reached the target site, modulating the nerve recovery mechanism after Schwann cell injury and offering the initial response of relieving pain. This work supported the efficacy of palmitoylethanolamide and Equisetum arvense L. in reducing neuropathy and modifying the major pain mechanisms, outlining a possible alternative nutraceutical approach.
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Why Do Marijuana and Synthetic Cannabimimetics Induce Acute Myocardial Infarction in Healthy Young People? Cells 2022; 11:cells11071142. [PMID: 35406706 PMCID: PMC8997492 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cannabis preparations has steadily increased. Although cannabis was traditionally assumed to only have mild vegetative side effects, it has become evident in recent years that severe cardiovascular complications can occur. Cannabis use has recently even been added to the risk factors for myocardial infarction. This review is dedicated to pathogenetic factors contributing to cannabis-related myocardial infarction. Tachycardia is highly important in this respect, and we provide evidence that activation of CB1 receptors in brain regions important for cardiovascular regulation and of presynaptic CB1 receptors on sympathetic and/or parasympathetic nerve fibers are involved. The prototypical factors for myocardial infarction, i.e., thrombus formation and coronary constriction, have also been considered, but there is little evidence that they play a decisive role. On the other hand, an increase in the formation of carboxyhemoglobin, impaired mitochondrial respiration, cardiotoxic reactions and tachyarrhythmias associated with the increased sympathetic tone are factors possibly intensifying myocardial infarction. A particularly important factor is that cannabis use is frequently accompanied by tobacco smoking. In conclusion, additional research is warranted to decipher the mechanisms involved, since cannabis use is being legalized increasingly and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its synthetic analogue nabilone are indicated for the treatment of various disease states.
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Di Fusco SA, Rossini R, Flori M, Pollarolo L, Ingianni N, Malvezzi Caracciolo D'Aquino M, Galati G, Zilio F, Iorio A, Scotto di Uccio F, Lucà F, Gulizia MM, Ciccirillo F, Gabrielli D, Colivicchi F. Pathophysiology and management of recreational drug-related acute coronary syndrome: ANMCO position statement. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 22:79-89. [PMID: 32858637 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recreational drug use may cause coronary artery disease through several mechanisms. An increasing number of young patients with drug-related acute coronary syndrome have been reported over recent years. The present position statement reports the most recent epidemiological data on acute coronary syndrome in the setting of drug abuse, describes the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying coronary artery disease and acute events in these patients, and provides practical recommendations on management and an overview of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Rossini
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo
| | - Marco Flori
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Presidio Ospedaliero Unico Urbino (PU)
| | - Luigi Pollarolo
- U.O.C Cardiologia, Ospedale Santo Spirito, Casale Monferrato (AL)
| | - Nadia Ingianni
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Presidio Ospedaliero Paolo Borsellino, Marsala (TP)
| | | | - Giuseppe Galati
- Divisione di Cardiologia, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan
| | | | - Annamaria Iorio
- U.S.C. Cardiologia 2, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo
| | | | - Fabiana Lucà
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, A.O. Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria
| | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione 'Garibaldi', Catania
- Presidente Fondazione per il Tuo cuore, Firenze - Heart Care Foundation Onlus, Florence
| | | | - Domenico Gabrielli
- U.O.C Cardiologia, Ospedale Civile Augusto Murri, Area Vasta 4 Fermo, ASUR Marche, Fermo (AN), Italy
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- U.O.C. Cardiologia Clinica e Riabilitativa, P.O San Filippo Neri - ASL Roma1, Rome
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Barajas-Martínez A, Bermeo K, de la Cruz L, Martínez-Vargas M, Martínez-Tapia RJ, García DE, Navarro L. Cannabinoid receptors are differentially regulated in the pancreatic islets during the early development of metabolic syndrome. Islets 2020; 12:134-144. [PMID: 33289595 PMCID: PMC7751681 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2020.1849927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is found in tissues that regulate the glycemia, including adipose tissue, muscle, and pancreatic islets. Diet-induced metabolic syndrome changes the expression of the CB receptors in muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. However, it is poorly understood whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects the expression of CB receptors in pancreatic β cells. We analyzed the expression of CB receptors in pancreatic β cells under chronic high-sucrose diet (HSD)-induced MetS. Wistar rats fed an HSD as a model of MetS were used to investigate changes in cannabinoid receptors. After 8 weeks of treatment, we evaluated the appearance of the following MetS biomarkers: glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and an increase in visceral adiposity. To determine the presence of CB1 and CB2 receptors in pancreatic β cells, immunofluorescence of primary cell cultures and pancreatic sections was performed. For whole-islet quantification of membrane-bound CB1 and CB2 receptors, western-blotting following differential centrifugation was conducted. Our results revealed that an HSD treatment closely mimics the alterations seen in MetS. We observed that in primary cell culture, CB1 and CB2 receptors were expressed at a higher level in pancreatic β cells compared with non-β cells. MetS resulted in a reduction of CB1 in the islet, whereas abundant CB2 was observed after the treatment. CB1 and CB2 receptors are differentially expressed in pancreatic β cells during MetS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barajas-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karina Bermeo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lizbeth de la Cruz
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marina Martínez-Vargas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo Jesús Martínez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Erasmo García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luz Navarro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
- CONTACT Luz Navarro Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de MéxicoC.P. 04510, México
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Morsanuto V, Galla R, Molinari C, Uberti F. A New Palmitoylethanolamide Form Combined with Antioxidant Molecules to Improve Its Effectivess on Neuronal Aging. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070457. [PMID: 32708932 PMCID: PMC7408069 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide is a nutraceutical compound naturally produced in many plants and animal source foods, but the natural form is poorly water-soluble. It has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory role as a neuroprotective mediator, acting on several molecular targets of the central nervous system involved on brain aging process. In healthy adults, palmitoylethanolamide is an endogenous PPAR-α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α) agonist through which it performs anti-inflammatory activity and provides its effects by activating the cannabinoid receptor. The different formulations of palmitoylethanolamide (micronized palmitoylethanolamide, FM-LipoMatrix® palmitoylethanolamide and FM-LipoMatrix® palmitoylethanolamide plus lipoic acid and vitamin D3) were analyzed starting from intestinal barrier, to verify their bioavailability, to in primary astrocytes in which cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, NFKB activity, MAPK, p53 and PPARα activities were investigated. Additionally, cannabinoid and estrogen receptors were analyzed using the western blot technique. The combination of palmitoylethanolamide in FM-LipoMatrix®, lipoic acid and vitamin D3 shows better absorption predicting an improvement on plasma concentration; this formulation also shows a reduction in ROS and NO production and the data show the interaction of palmitoylethanolamide with cannabinoids and estrogen receptors inhibiting neuroinflammatory markers. All these data support the hypothesis of a new potential strategy to restore brain function and slow down brain aging in humans.
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Molinari C, Morsanuto V, Ruga S, Notte F, Farghali M, Galla R, Uberti F. The Role of BDNF on Aging-Modulation Markers. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E285. [PMID: 32397504 PMCID: PMC7287884 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An important link between brain aging and a class of growth/survival factors called neurotrophins has recently been demonstrated. In particular, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a fundamental role during age-related synaptic loss, preventing cerebral atrophy and cognitive decline. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the use of low dose BDNF sequentially kinetic activated (SKA) was able to counteract some mechanisms underlying the degeneration and aging of nervous tissue by increasing endogenous protection mechanisms. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the ability of BDNF SKA to protect and regenerate survival-related molecular pathways, studying intestinal absorption in vitro and brain function in vivo. Our pioneering results show that BDNF SKA is able to induce the endogenous production of BDNF, using its receptor TrkB and influencing the apolipoprotein E expression. Moreover, BDNF SKA exerted effects on β-Amyloid and Sirtuin 1 proteins, confirming the hypothesis of a fine endogenous regulatory effect exerted by BDNF SKA in maintaining the health of both neurons and astrocytes. For this reason, a change in BDNF turnover is considered as a positive factor against brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (F.N.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
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Saleh-Ghadimi S, Kheirouri S, Maleki V, Jafari-Vayghan H, Alizadeh M. Endocannabinoid system and cardiometabolic risk factors: A comprehensive systematic review insight into the mechanistic effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Life Sci 2020; 250:117556. [PMID: 32184122 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) have a pathophysiological role in the setting of cardiometabolic diseases. This systematic review was carried out to appraise the effect of omega-3 on cardiometabolic risk factors by highlighting the mediating effect of endocannabinoids. SCOPUS, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and ProQuest databases were searched until January 2020. All published English-language animal studies and clinical trials that evaluated the effects of omega-3 on cardiometabolic diseases with a focus on endocannabinoids were included. Of 1407 studies, 16 animal studies and three clinical trials were included for analysis. Eleven animal studies and two human studies showed a marked reduction in 2-AG and AEA levels following intake of omega-3 which correlated with decreased adiposity, weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis. Moreover, endocannabinoids were elevated in three studies that replaced omega-3 with omega-6. Omega-3 showed anti-inflammatory properties due to reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, regulation of T-cells function and increased levels of eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide, docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide and oxylipins; however, a limited number of studies examined a correlation between inflammatory cytokines and endocannabinoids following omega-3 administration. In conclusion, omega-3 modulates endocannabinoid tone, which subsequently attenuates inflammation and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, further randomized clinical trials are needed before any recommendations are made to target the ECS using omega-3 as an alternative therapy to drugs for cardiometabolic disease improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Validation of reference genes in human epicardial adipose tissue and left ventricular myocardium in heart failure. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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van Esbroeck ACM, Varga ZV, Di X, van Rooden EJ, Tóth VE, Onódi Z, Kuśmierczyk M, Leszek P, Ferdinandy P, Hankemeier T, van der Stelt M, Pacher P. Activity-based protein profiling of the human failing ischemic heart reveals alterations in hydrolase activities involving the endocannabinoid system. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104578. [PMID: 31794870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM Acute myocardial infarction and subsequent post-infarction heart failure are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The endocannabinoid system has emerged as an important modulator of cardiovascular disease, however the role of endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes in heart failure is still elusive. Herein, we investigated the endocannabinoids and their metabolic enzymes in ischemic end-stage failing human hearts and non-failing controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative real-time PCR, targeted lipidomics, and activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) enabled assessment of the endocannabinoids and their metabolic enzymes in ischemic end-stage failing human hearts and non-failing controls. Based on lipidomic analysis, two subgroups were identified within the ischemic heart failure group; the first similar to control hearts and the second with decreased levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) and drastically increased levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), other N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and free fatty acids. The altered lipid profile was accompanied by strong reductions in the activity of 13 hydrolases, including the 2-AG hydrolytic enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the presence of different biological states within the ischemic heart failure group, based on alterations in the lipid and hydrolase activity profiles. In addition, this study demonstrates that ABPP is a valuable tool to rapidly analyze enzyme activity in clinical samples with potential for novel drug and biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelot C M van Esbroeck
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xinyu Di
- Department of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Eva J van Rooden
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Viktória E Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariusz Kuśmierczyk
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, USA.
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Pacher P, Steffens S, Haskó G, Schindler TH, Kunos G. Cardiovascular effects of marijuana and synthetic cannabinoids: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 15:151-166. [DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Willis MS, Ilaiwy A, Montgomery MD, Simpson PC, Jensen BC. The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor agonist A61603 reduces cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acid and endocannabinoid metabolites associated with inflammation in vivo. Metabolomics 2016; 12:155. [PMID: 28533737 PMCID: PMC5437747 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with three highly homologous subtypes (α1A, α1B, and α1D). Of these three subtypes, only the α1A and α1B are expressed in the heart. Multiple pre-clinical models of heart injury demonstrate cardioprotective roles for the α1A. Non-selective α1-AR activation promotes glycolysis in the heart, but the functional α1-AR subtype and broader metabolic effects have not been studied. OBJECTIVES Given the high metabolic demands of the heart and previous evidence indicating benefit from α1A activation, we chose to investigate the effects of α1A activation on the cardiac metabolome in vivo. METHODS Mice were treated for one week with a low, subpressor dose of A61603, a highly selective and potent α1A agonist. Cardiac tissue and serum were analyzed using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. RESULTS We identified previously unrecognized metabolic responses to α1A activation, most notably broad reduction in the abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and endocannabinoids (ECs). CONCLUSION Given the well characterized roles of PUFAs and ECs in inflammatory pathways, these findings suggest a possible role for cardiac α1A-ARs in the regulation of inflammation and may offer novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective benefit of selective pharmacologic α1A activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monte S. Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Amro Ilaiwy
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul C. Simpson
- VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian C. Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N, Apostolakis-Kyrus K, Krutilina R, Hubbard G, Kocak M, Janjetovic Z, Sathanandam S, Slominski AT, Mari G, Dick E. Pregnancy-driven cardiovascular maternal miR-29 plasticity in obesity. J Med Primatol 2016; 45:297-303. [PMID: 27627870 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in pregnancy (MO) is a risk factor for maternal and/or fetal cardiovascular system disorders. This study evaluated maternal CVS expression of microRNA-29 family and its target molecules in MO to test the hypotheses: CVS miR-29 concentrations are increased in pregnancy and decreased in MO. METHODS Non-pregnant (n=4), pregnant obese (POb, n=4), and pregnant non-obese (PnOb, n=4) baboons (Papio spp.) were studied. Maternal left ventricle (LV), left atrium (LA), and aortic arch (AA) were collected at the end of gestation. Expression of MiR-29 and elastin (ELN) mRNA were quantified. RESULTS LA miR-29 (a, c) expression was highest in PnOb. In the LV, miR-29b expression trended lower (P=.059) for PnOb animals. ELN mRNA expression correlated positively with miR-29b expression in AA (r=.76, P=.03). CONCLUSION Maternal obesity diminishes miR-29 adaptation to pregnancy. Pharmacologic, tissue-specific targeting of miRNA-29 may represent a strategy for prevention and treatment of MO complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schlabritz-Loutsevitch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at the Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - K Apostolakis-Kyrus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R Krutilina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - G Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Kocak
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Z Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Sathanandam
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,VA Medical Center, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - G Mari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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13
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Peraza-Zaldívar JA, Suárez-Cuenca JA, Aceves-Millán R, Ixcamparij-Rosales C, Amezcua L, Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca R, Guerrero-Celis N, Melchor-López A, Mondragón-Terán P, Alcaráz-Estrada SL. Pro-atherogenic mediators and subclinical atherogenesis are related to epicardial adipose tissue thickness in patients with cardiovascular risk. J Int Med Res 2016; 45:1879-1891. [PMID: 27503947 PMCID: PMC5805178 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516655245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the relationship between pro-atherogenic biomarkers and
epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness in patients with cardiovascular
risk factors. Methods Plasma nitric oxide (NO), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and
malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, EAT thickness, flow-mediated dilation (FMD)
and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were determined in patients aged
>18 years who were referred for echocardiography for heart ischemia or
non-ischemic diseases. Cardiovascular risk factors (Framingham score
[FS] ≥ 20) were weighted. Results Hypertension, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus were prevalent (≥55%
of 40 patients). Patients with FS ≥ 20 (n = 21) showed
significantly higher EAT and CIMT values. Globally, MDA, CIMT, age, waist
circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and FS were
associated with EAT thickness. EAT was significantly associated with NO in
patients with FS ≥ 20. Significant differences in EAT thickness were found
between patients stratified by NO value, FMD, age, smoking status,
dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and FS. An EAT-associated
atherogenic risk (CIMT ≥ 1 mm) model was statistically significant when MDA
and type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Conclusion EAT thickness was associated with MDA, CIMT, age, waist circumference, HDL-C
and FS globally, but with NO only in patients with FS≥20. EAT may be used to
identify vascular damage stage, possibly influenced by MDA and type 2
diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Peraza-Zaldívar
- 1 Division of Echocardiography, National Medical Center '20 de Noviembre' ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan A Suárez-Cuenca
- 2 Division of Clinical and Biomedical Research, National Medical Center '20 de Noviembre' ISSSTE and Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Xoco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Aceves-Millán
- 1 Division of Echocardiography, National Medical Center '20 de Noviembre' ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ixcamparij-Rosales
- 1 Division of Echocardiography, National Medical Center '20 de Noviembre' ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lilia Amezcua
- 1 Division of Echocardiography, National Medical Center '20 de Noviembre' ISSSTE, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca
- 2 Division of Clinical and Biomedical Research, National Medical Center '20 de Noviembre' ISSSTE and Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nuria Guerrero-Celis
- 2 Division of Clinical and Biomedical Research, National Medical Center '20 de Noviembre' ISSSTE and Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Paul Mondragón-Terán
- 2 Division of Clinical and Biomedical Research, National Medical Center '20 de Noviembre' ISSSTE and Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sofía L Alcaráz-Estrada
- 2 Division of Clinical and Biomedical Research, National Medical Center '20 de Noviembre' ISSSTE and Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Transcriptome and Molecular Endocrinology Aspects of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:926567. [PMID: 26636103 PMCID: PMC4655271 DOI: 10.1155/2015/926567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of published literature on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) to identify molecules associated with CVDs. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Science literature databases for papers published before October 2014 that addressed EAT genes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We included original papers that had performed gene expressions in EAT of patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (PRIMARK) assessment tool was also used for methodological quality assessment. From the 180 papers identified by our initial search strategy, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria and presented DEGs in EAT samples from patients with and without CVDs. The included studies reported 42 DEGs identified through comparison of EAT-specific gene expression in patients with and without CVDs. Among the 42 DEGs, genes involved in regulating apoptosis had higher enrichment scores. Notably, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor protein p53 (TP53) were the main hub genes in the network. The results suggest that regulation of apoptosis in EAT is critical for CVD development. Moreover, IL-6 and TP53 as hub genes could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CVDs.
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Moris D, Georgopoulos S, Felekouras E, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. The effect of endocannabinoid system in ischemia-reperfusion injury: a friend or a foe? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1261-75. [PMID: 25936364 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1043268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the endocannabinoid system has emerged as a new therapeutic target in variety of disorders associated with inflammation and tissue injury, including those of the neuronal, liver, renal and cardiovascular system. The aim of the present review is to elucidate the effect of endocannabinoid system on ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in different organs and systems. AREAS COVERED The MEDLINE/PubMed database was searched for publications with the medical subject heading Cannabinoids* (CBs), CB receptors*, organ*, ischemia/reperfusion injury*, endocannabinoid* and system*. The initial relevant studies retrieved from the literature were 91 from PubMed. This number was initially limited to 35, after excluding the reviews and studies reporting data for receptors other than cannabinoid. EXPERT OPINION CB2 receptors may play an important compensatory role in controlling tissue inflammation and injury in cells of the neuronal, cardiovascular, liver and renal systems, as well as in infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and leukocytes during various pathological conditions of the systems (atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart, liver and renal failure). These receptors limit inflammation and associated tissue injury. On the basis of preclinical results, pharmacological modulation of CB2 receptors may hold a unique therapeutic potential in stroke, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, IRI and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Moris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Anastasiou Gennadiou 56, 11474, Athens , Greece +30 210 6440590 ;
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Grossini E, Bellofatto K, Farruggio S, Sigaudo L, Marotta P, Raina G, De Giuli V, Mary D, Pollesello P, Minisini R, Pirisi M, Vacca G. Levosimendan inhibits peroxidation in hepatocytes by modulating apoptosis/autophagy interplay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124742. [PMID: 25880552 PMCID: PMC4400069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levosimendan protects rat liver against peroxidative injuries through mechanisms related to nitric oxide (NO) production and mitochondrial ATP-dependent K (mitoKATP) channels opening. However, whether levosimendan could modulate the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy in the liver is still a matter of debate. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the role of levosimendan as a modulator of the apoptosis/autophagy interplay in liver cells subjected to peroxidation and the related involvement of NO and mitoKATP. Methods and Findings In primary rat hepatocytes that have been subjected to oxidative stress, Western blot was performed to examine endothelial and inducible NO synthase isoforms (eNOS, iNOS) activation, apoptosis/autophagy and survival signalling detection in response to levosimendan. In addition, NO release, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (MPTP) were examined through specific dyes. Some of those evaluations were also performed in human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Pre-treatment of hepatocytes with levosimendan dose-dependently counteracted the injuries caused by oxidative stress and reduced NO release by modulating eNOS/iNOS activation. In hepatocytes, while the autophagic inhibition reduced the effects of levosimendan, after the pan-caspases inhibition, cell survival and autophagy in response to levosimendan were increased. Finally, all protective effects were prevented by both mitoKATP channels inhibition and NOS blocking. In HSC, levosimendan was able to modulate the oxidative balance and inhibit autophagy without improving cell viability and apoptosis. Conclusions Levosimendan protects hepatocytes against oxidative injuries by autophagic-dependent inhibition of apoptosis and the activation of survival signalling. Such effects would involve mitoKATP channels opening and the modulation of NO release by the different NOS isoforms. In HSC, levosimendan would also play a role in cell activation and possible evolution toward fibrosis. These findings highlight the potential of levosimendan as a therapeutic agent for the treatment or prevention of liver ischemia/reperfusion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sigaudo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica De Giuli
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Piero Pollesello
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Internal Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
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Grossini E, Gramaglia C, Farruggio S, Bellofatto K, Anchisi C, Mary D, Vacca G, Zeppegno P. Asenapine increases nitric oxide release and protects porcine coronary artery endothelial cells against peroxidation. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 60:127-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pacher P, Kunos G. Modulating the endocannabinoid system in human health and disease--successes and failures. FEBS J 2013; 280:1918-43. [PMID: 23551849 PMCID: PMC3684164 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the endocannabinoid system, comprising the G-protein coupled cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors (CB1/2), their endogenous lipid ligands or endocannabinoids, and synthetic and metabolizing enzymes, has triggered an avalanche of experimental studies implicating the endocannabinoid system in a growing number of physiological/pathological functions. These studies have also suggested that modulating the activity of the endocannabinoid system holds therapeutic promise for a broad range of diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders; obesity/metabolic syndrome; cachexia; chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting; and tissue injury and pain, amongst others. However, clinical trials with globally acting CB1 antagonists in obesity/metabolic syndrome, and other studies with peripherally-restricted CB1/2 agonists and inhibitors of the endocannabinoid metabolizing enzyme in pain, have introduced unexpected complexities, suggesting that a better understanding of the pathophysiological role of the endocannabinoid system is required to devise clinically successful treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA.
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