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Burgon PG, Weldrick JJ, Talab OMSA, Nadeer M, Nomikos M, Megeney LA. Regulatory Mechanisms That Guide the Fetal to Postnatal Transition of Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2023; 12:2324. [PMID: 37759546 PMCID: PMC10528641 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease remains a global leading cause of death and disability, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the heart's development, repair, and dysfunction. This review surveys recent discoveries that explore the developmental transition of proliferative fetal cardiomyocytes into hypertrophic postnatal cardiomyocytes, a process yet to be well-defined. This transition is key to the heart's growth and has promising therapeutic potential, particularly for congenital or acquired heart damage, such as myocardial infarctions. Although significant progress has been made, much work is needed to unravel the complex interplay of signaling pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. This review provides a detailed perspective for future research directions aimed at the potential therapeutic harnessing of the perinatal heart transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Burgon
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Jonathan J. Weldrick
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.J.W.); (L.A.M.)
| | | | - Muhammad Nadeer
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (O.M.S.A.T.)
| | - Michail Nomikos
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (O.M.S.A.T.)
| | - Lynn A. Megeney
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.J.W.); (L.A.M.)
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
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2
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Nemir M, Kay M, Maison D, Berthonneche C, Sarre A, Plaisance I, Pedrazzini T. Inhibition of the NOTCH1 Pathway in the Stressed Heart Limits Fibrosis and Promotes Recruitment of Non-Myocyte Cells into the Cardiomyocyte Fate. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9040111. [PMID: 35448087 PMCID: PMC9024539 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pathologies lead to an acute or gradual loss of cardiomyocytes. Because of the limited regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart, cardiomyocytes are only replaced by fibrotic tissue. Excessive fibrosis contributes to the deterioration of cardiac function and the transition to heart failure, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, no treatments can promote replenishment of the injured heart with newly formed cardiomyocytes. In this context, regenerative strategies explore the possibility to promote recovery through induction of cardiomyocyte production from pre-existing cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, cardiac non-myocyte cells can be directly reprogrammed into induced cardiac precursor cells and cardiomyocytes, suggesting that these cells could be exploited to produce cardiomyocytes in vivo. Here, we provide evidence that the sequential activation and inhibition of the NOTCH1 signaling pathway in the stressed heart decreases fibrosis and improves cardiac function in the stressed heart. This is accompanied by the emergence of new cardiomyocytes from non-myocyte origin. Overall, our data show how a developmental pathway such as the NOTCH pathway can be manipulated to provide therapeutic benefit in the damaged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nemir
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Maryam Kay
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Damien Maison
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Corinne Berthonneche
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandre Sarre
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Isabelle Plaisance
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-314-0765
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3
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Nair RS, Sobhan PK, Shenoy SJ, Prabhu MA, Rema AM, Ramachandran S, C Geetha S, V Pratheesh K, Mony MP, Raj R, Anilkumar TV. A porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix conductive scaffold for cardiac tissue repair. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2039-2049. [PMID: 35305082 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering using cells, scaffolds or signaling molecules is a promising approach for replacement or repair of damaged myocardium. This study addressed the contemporary need for a conductive biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering by examining the use of a gold nanoparticle-incorporated porcine cholecystic extracellular matrix for the same. The scaffold had an electrical conductivity (0.74 ± 0.03 S/m) within the range of native myocardium. It was a suitable substrate for the growth and differentiation of cardiomyoblast (H9c2) as well as rat mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocyte-like cells. Moreover, as an epicardial patch, the scaffold promoted neovascularisation and cell proliferation in infarcted myocardium of rats. It was concluded that the gold nanoparticle coated cholecystic extracellular matrix is a prospective biomaterial for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma S Nair
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Praveen K Sobhan
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sachin J Shenoy
- Division of In Vivo Models and Testing, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Mukund A Prabhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Aswathy M Rema
- Division of Tissue Culture, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Surya Ramachandran
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Surendran C Geetha
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Kanakarajan V Pratheesh
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Manjula P Mony
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Reshmi Raj
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Thapasimuthu V Anilkumar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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4
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Gene Therapy: Targeting Cardiomyocyte Proliferation to Repopulate the Ischemic Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:346-360. [PMID: 34516452 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes show scarce division ability, which makes the heart ineffective in replacing lost contractile cells after ischemic cardiomyopathy. In the past decades, there have been increasing efforts in the search for novel strategies to regenerate the injured myocardium. Among them, gene therapy is one of the most promising ones, based on recent and emerging studies that support the fact that functional cardiomyocyte regeneration can be accomplished by the stimulation and enhancement of the endogenous ability of these cells to achieve cell division. This capacity can be targeted by stimulating several molecules, such as cell cycle regulators, noncoding RNAs, transcription, and metabolic factors. Therefore, the proposed target, together with the selection of the vector used, administration route, and the experimental animal model used in the development of the therapy would determine the success in the clinical field.
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Mitochondria and metabolic transitions in cardiomyocytes: lessons from development for stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:177. [PMID: 33712058 PMCID: PMC7953594 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to differentiate cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) inadequately recapitulate complete development and result in PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) with an immature or fetal-like phenotype. Embryonic and fetal development are highly dynamic periods during which the developing embryo or fetus is exposed to changing nutrient, oxygen, and hormone levels until birth. It is becoming increasingly apparent that these metabolic changes initiate developmental processes to mature cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are central to these changes, responding to these metabolic changes and transitioning from small, fragmented mitochondria to large organelles capable of producing enough ATP to support the contractile function of the heart. These changes in mitochondria may not simply be a response to cardiomyocyte maturation; the metabolic signals that occur throughout development may actually be central to the maturation process in cardiomyocytes. Here, we review methods to enhance maturation of PSC-CMs and highlight evidence from development indicating the key roles that mitochondria play during cardiomyocyte maturation. We evaluate metabolic transitions that occur during development and how these affect molecular nutrient sensors, discuss how regulation of nutrient sensing pathways affect mitochondrial dynamics and function, and explore how changes in mitochondrial function can affect metabolite production, the cell cycle, and epigenetics to influence maturation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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6
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Locatelli P, Belaich MN, López AE, Olea FD, Uranga Vega M, Giménez CS, Simonin JA, Bauzá MDR, Castillo MG, Cuniberti LA, Crottogini A, Cerrudo CS, Ghiringhelli PD. Novel insights into cardiac regeneration based on differential fetal and adult ovine heart transcriptomic analysis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H994-H1007. [PMID: 32167779 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00610.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adult mammalian cardiomyocyte has a very limited capacity to reenter the cell cycle and advance into mitosis. Therefore, diseases characterized by lost contractile tissue usually evolve into myocardial remodeling and heart failure. Analyzing the cardiac transcriptome at different developmental stages in a large mammal closer to the human than laboratory rodents may serve to disclose positive and negative cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulators potentially targetable to induce cardiac regeneration in the clinical setting. Thus we aimed at characterizing the transcriptomic profiles of the early fetal, late fetal, and adult sheep heart by employing RNA-seq technique and bioinformatic analysis to detect protein-encoding genes that in some of the stages were turned off, turned on, or differentially expressed. Genes earlier proposed as positive cell cycle regulators such as cyclin A, cdk2, meis2, meis3, and PCNA showed higher expression in fetal hearts and lower in AH, as expected. In contrast, genes previously proposed as cell cycle inhibitors, such as meis1, p16, and sav1, tended to be higher in fetal than in adult hearts, suggesting that these genes are involved in cell processes other than cell cycle regulation. Additionally, we described Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment of different sets of genes. GO analysis revealed that differentially expressed gene sets were mainly associated with metabolic and cellular processes. The cell cycle-related genes fam64a, cdc20, and cdk1, and the metabolism-related genes pitx and adipoq showed strong differential expression between fetal and adult hearts, thus being potent candidates to be targeted in human cardiac regeneration strategies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We characterized the transcriptomic profiles of the fetal and adult sheep hearts employing RNAseq technique and bioinformatic analyses to provide sets of transcripts whose variation in expression level may link them to a specific role in cell cycle regulation. It is important to remark that this study was performed in a large mammal closer to humans than laboratory rodents. In consequence, the results can be used for further translational studies in cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Locatelli
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano N Belaich
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular; CONICET, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén E López
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda D Olea
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Uranga Vega
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos S Giménez
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Alejandro Simonin
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular; CONICET, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Bauzá
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta G Castillo
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A Cuniberti
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Crottogini
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMETTYB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina S Cerrudo
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular; CONICET, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Ghiringhelli
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular; CONICET, Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Re-enforcing hypoxia-induced polyploid cardiomyocytes enter cytokinesis through activation of β-catenin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17865. [PMID: 31780774 PMCID: PMC6883062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) loss is a characteristic of various heart diseases, including ischaemic heart disease. Cardiac regeneration has been suggested as a promising strategy to address CM loss. Although many studies of regeneration have focused mainly on mononucleated or diploid CM, the limitations associated with the cytokinesis of polyploid and multinucleated CMs remain less well known. Here, we show that β-catenin, a key regulator in heart development, can increase cytokinesis in polyploid multinucleated CMs. The activation of β-catenin increases the expression of the cytokinesis-related factor epithelial cell transforming 2 (ECT2), which regulates the actomyosin ring and thus leads to the completion of cytokinesis in polyploid CMs. In addition, hypoxia can induce polyploid and multinucleated CMs by increasing factors related to the G1-S-anaphase of the cell cycle, but not those related to cytokinesis. Our study therefore reveals that the β-catenin can promote the cytokinesis of polyploid multinucleated CMs via upregulation of ECT2. These findings suggest a potential field of polyploid CM research that may be exploitable for cardiac regeneration therapy.
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8
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Broughton KM, Sussman MA. Adult Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Detour: Off-ramp to Quiescent Destinations. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:557-567. [PMID: 31262545 PMCID: PMC6703820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ability to promote completion of mitotic cycling of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes remains an intractable and vexing challenge, despite being one of the most sought after 'holy grails' of cardiovascular research. While some of the struggle is attributable to adult cardiomyocytes themselves that are notoriously post-mitotic, another contributory factor rests with difficulty in definitive tracking of adult cardiomyocyte cell cycle and lack of rigorous measures to track proliferation in situ. This review summarizes past, present, and future directions to promote adult mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression, proliferation, and renewal. Establishing relationship(s) between cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and cellular biological properties is sorely needed to understand the mechanistic basis for cardiomyocyte cell cycle withdrawal to enhance cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression and mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Broughton
- San Diego State University, Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego State University, Department of Biology and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology & Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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10
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Cardiomyocyte cell cycle dynamics and proliferation revealed through cardiac-specific transgenesis of fluorescent ubiquitinated cell cycle indicator (FUCCI). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 127:154-164. [PMID: 30571978 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Understanding and manipulating the cardiomyocyte cell cycle has been the focus of decades of research, however the ultimate goal of activating mitotic activity in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes remains elusive and controversial. The relentless pursuit of controlling cardiomyocyte mitosis has been complicated and obfuscated by a multitude of indices used as evidence of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity that lack clear identification of cardiomyocyte "proliferation" versus cell cycle progression, endoreplication, endomitosis, and even DNA damage. Unambiguous appreciation of the complexity of cardiomyocyte replication that avoids oversimplification and misinterpretation is desperately needed. OBJECTIVE Track cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity and authenticate fidelity of proliferation markers as indicators of de novo cardiomyogenesis in post-mitotic cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiomyocytes expressing the FUCCI construct driven by the α-myosin heavy chain promoter were readily and uniformly detected through the myocardium of transgenic mice. Cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity peaks at postnatal day 2 and rapidly declines thereafter with almost all cardiomyocytes arrested at the G1/S cell cycle transition. Myocardial infarction injury in adult hearts prompts transient small increases in myocytes progressing through cell cycle without concurrent mitotic activity, indicating lack of cardiomyogenesis. In comparison, cardiomyogenic activity during early postnatal development correlated with coincidence of FUCCI and cKit+ cells that were undetectable in the adult myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Cardiomyocyte-specific expression of Fluorescence Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicators (FUCCI) reveals previously unappreciated aspects of cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest and biological activity in postnatal development and in response to pathologic damage. Compared to many other methods and model systems, the FUCCI transgenic (FUCCI-Tg) mouse represents a valuable tool to unambiguously track cell cycle and proliferation of the entire cardiomyocyte population in the adult murine heart. FUCCI-Tg provides a desperately needed novel approach in the armamentarium of tools to validate cardiomyocyte proliferative activity that will reveal cell cycle progression, discriminate between cycle progression, DNA replication, and proliferation, and provide important insight for enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation in the context of adult myocardial tissue.
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11
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Germline Stem Cells in Myocardial Regeneration - A new hope worth a delve. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2018; 14:1-2. [PMID: 30018467 PMCID: PMC6043662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
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12
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Miko M, Kyselovic J, Danisovic L, Barczi T, Polak S, Varga I. Two nuclei inside a single cardiac muscle cell. More questions than answers about the binucleation of cardiomyocytes. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Lee H, Park J, Kim EE, Yoo YS, Song EJ. Proteasome inhibitors attenuated cholesterol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. BMB Rep 2017; 49:270-5. [PMID: 26592933 PMCID: PMC5070706 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.5.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays roles in protein degradation, cell
cycle control, and growth and inflammatory cell signaling. Dysfunction of UPS in
cardiac diseases has been seen in many studies. Cholesterol acts as an inducer
of cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, the effect of proteasome inhibitors on
the cholesterol-induced hypertrophic growth in H9c2 cells is examined in order
to observe whether UPS is involved in cardiac hypertrophy. The treatment of
proteasome inhibitors MG132 and Bortezomib markedly reduced cellular surface
area and mRNA expression of β-MHC in cholesterol-induced cardiac
hypertrophy. In addition, activated AKT and ERK were significantly attenuated by
MG132 and Bortezomib in cholesterol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. We demonstrated
that cholesterol-induced cardiac hypertrophy was suppressed by proteasome
inhibitors. Thus, regulatory mechanism of cholesterol-induced cardiac
hypertrophy by proteasome inhibitors may provide a new therapeutic strategy to
prevent the progression of heart failure. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(5): 270-275]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Young Sook Yoo
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Song
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
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14
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Terzi MY, Izmirli M, Gogebakan B. The cell fate: senescence or quiescence. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1213-1220. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Scofield SLC, Amin P, Singh M, Singh K. Extracellular Ubiquitin: Role in Myocyte Apoptosis and Myocardial Remodeling. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:527-60. [PMID: 26756642 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (UB) is a highly conserved low molecular weight (8.5 kDa) protein. It consists of 76 amino acid residues and is found in all eukaryotic cells. The covalent linkage of UB to a variety of cellular proteins (ubiquitination) is one of the most common posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. This modification generally regulates protein turnover and protects the cells from damaged or misfolded proteins. The polyubiquitination of proteins serves as a signal for degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. UB is present in trace amounts in body fluids. Elevated levels of UB are described in the serum or plasma of patients under a variety of conditions. Extracellular UB is proposed to have pleiotropic roles including regulation of immune response, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. CXCR4 is identified as receptor for extracellular UB in hematopoietic cells. Heart failure represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western society. Cardiac remodeling is a determinant of the clinical course of heart failure. The components involved in myocardial remodeling include-myocytes, fibroblasts, interstitium, and coronary vasculature. Increased sympathetic nerve activity in the form of norepinephrine is a common feature during heart failure. Acting via β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR), norepinephrine is shown to induce myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. β-AR stimulation increases extracellular levels of UB in myocytes, and UB inhibits β-AR-stimulated increases in myocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. This review summarizes intracellular and extracellular functions of UB with particular emphasis on the role of extracellular UB in cardiac myocyte apoptosis and myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L C Scofield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Parthiv Amin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mahipal Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Krishna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA; Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA; James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA.,Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Moccetti
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, University of Zurich, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Annarosa Leri
- Departments of Anesthesia & Medicine, & Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Piero Anversa
- Departments of Anesthesia & Medicine, & Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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