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Alvarenga GF, de Resende Machado AM, Barbosa RB, Ferreira VRF, Santiago WD, Teixeira ML, Nelson DL, Cardoso MDG. Correlation of the presence of acrolein with higher alcohols, glycerol, and acidity in cachaças. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1753-1768. [PMID: 36915964 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein is a toxic aldehyde that can be present in various beverages, such as cachaça and other distilled spirits from sugarcane. The objective of this work was to detect and quantify acrolein in samples of cachaça produced by different processes in all regions of Brazil and to evaluate the possible routes of formation of this contaminant from the correlation with other secondary compounds present in the beverage using principal component analysis. Approximately 27.0% of the samples analyzed were outside the limit established by Brazilian legislation for this contaminant, with an average acrolein concentration of 14.01 mg 100 mL-1 anhydrous alcohol (aa). In the other samples, the average concentration was 0.97 mg 100 mL-1 aa. After selecting the variables that most closely correlated with the presence of acrolein in beverages, a positive correlation was found with the presence of butan-2-ol, propan-1-ol and volatile acids, and a slight correlation with the presence of phenolic compounds. Therefore, the presence of acrolein in cachaça can be associated with contamination of the fermentation must by bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, as a result of the chemical degradation and enzymatic conversion of the glycerol produced during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria de Resende Machado
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Campus I, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - David Lee Nelson
- Postgraduate Program in Biofuels, Federal University of Vale de Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
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2
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Gao Z, Xiang M, He M, Zhou W, Chen J, Lu J, Wu Z, Su Y. Transformation of CO 2 with Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate over ETS-10 Zeolite-Based Catalyst. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052272. [PMID: 36903515 PMCID: PMC10004741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic conversion of CO2 with the surplus glycerol (GL) produced from biodiesel manufacturing has attracted much academic and industrial attention, which proves the urgent requirement for developing high-performance catalysts to afford significant environmental benefits. Herein, titanosilicate ETS-10 zeolite-based catalysts with active metal species introduced by impregnation were employed for coupling CO2 with GL to efficiently synthesize glycerol carbonate (GC). The catalytic GL conversion at 170 °C miraculously reached 35.0% and a 12.7% yield of GC was obtained on Co/ETS-10 with CH3CN as a dehydrating agent. For comparison, Zn/ETS- Cu/ETS-10, Ni/ETS-10, Zr/ETS-10, Ce/ETS-10, and Fe/ETS-10 were also prepared, which showed inferior coordination between GL conversion and GC selectivity. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the presence of moderate basic sites for CO2 adsorption-activation played a crucial role in regulating catalytic activity. Moreover, the appropriate interaction between cobalt species and ETS-10 zeolite was also of great significance for improving the glycerol activation capacity. A plausible mechanism was proposed for the synthesis of GC from GL and CO2 in the presence of CH3CN solvent over Co/ETS-10 catalyst. Moreover, the recyclability of Co/ETS-10 was also measured and it proved to be recycled at least eight times with less than 3% decline in GL conversion and GC yield after a simple regeneration process through calcination at 450 °C for 5 h in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxi Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mei Xiang
- Research Center of Secondary Resources and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Mingyang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Weiyou Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Research Center of Secondary Resources and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Jiamin Lu
- Research Center of Secondary Resources and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
| | - Zeying Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Research Center of Secondary Resources and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yaqiong Su
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (Y.S.)
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3
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An Z, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Han H, Song B, Zhang J, Ping Q, Zhu Y, Song H, Wang B, Zheng L, He J. Pt1 enhanced C-H activation synergistic with Ptn catalysis for glycerol cascade oxidation to glyceric acid. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5467. [PMID: 36115832 PMCID: PMC9482651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid, an important value-added reaction from polyols, is a typical cascade catalytic process. It is still of great challenge to simultaneously achieve high glycerol activity and glyceric acid selectivity, suffering from either deep oxidation and C-C cleavage or poor oxidation efficiency from glyceraldehyde to glyceric acid. Herein, this work, inspired by nature, proposes a cascade synergistic catalysis strategy by atomic and low-coordinated cluster Pt on well-defined Cu-CuZrOx, which involves enhanced C-H activation on atomic Pt1 and O-H activation on cluster Ptn in the oxidation of glycerol to glyceraldehyde, and cluster Ptn for C=O activation followed by O-H insertion and atomic Pt1 for C-H activation in the tandem oxidation of glyceraldehyde to glyceric acid. The enhanced C-H activation in the cascade process by atomic Pt1 is revealed to be essential for the high glycerol activity (90.0±0.1%) and the glyceric acid selectivity (80.2±0.2%). The selective oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid is an important value-added cascade catalytic process. Here the authors report a cascade synergistic catalysis strategy by atomic and low-coordinated cluster Pt on well-defined Cu-CuZrOx to simultaneously achieve high activity and selectivity.
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Abstract
Utilization of biofuels generated from renewable sources has attracted broad attention due to their benefits such as reducing consumption of fossil fuels, sustainability, and consequently prevention of global warming. The production of biodiesel causes a huge amount of by-product, crude glycerol, to accumulate. Glycerol, because of its unique structure having three hydroxyl groups, can be converted to a variety of industrially valuable products. In recent decades, increasing studies have been carried out on different catalytic pathways to selectively produce a wide range of glycerol derivatives. In the current review, the main routes including carboxylation, oxidation, etherification, hydrogenolysis, esterification, and dehydration to convert glycerol to value-added products are investigated. In order to achieve more glycerol conversion and higher desired product selectivity, acquisition of knowledge on the catalysts, the type of acidic or basic, the supports, and studying various reaction pathways and operating parameters are necessary. This review attempts to summarize the knowledge of catalytic reactions and mechanisms leading to value-added derivatives of glycerol. Additionally, the application of main products from glycerol are discussed. In addition, an overview on the market of glycerol, its properties, applications, and prospects is presented.
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Wang W, Tago T, Fujitsuka H. Hydrodeoxygenation of C3-4 polyols to C3-4 diols over carbon-supported bimetallic MgCu@C catalysts prepared from ion exchange resin. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Production of Hydroxypyruvic Acid by Glycerol Oxidation over Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3-PbO/SBA-16 Catalysts. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3-PbO/SBA-16 (SBA-16: Santa Barbara Amorphous No. 16) catalysts were synthesized to produce hydroxypyruvic acid by glycerol oxidation. In the catalysts, the introduction of PbO into CeO2-ZrO2-Bi2O3 improved the oxygen release and storage abilities owing to the synergistic redox reaction of Pb2+/4+ and Ce3+/4+, which facilitated the oxidation ability of Pt. In addition, the oxidation of the secondary OH group in glycerol might be accelerated by the geometric effects of glycerol, Pt, and Bi3+ or Pb2+/4+. Furthermore, the moderate reaction conditions such as room temperature and open-air atmosphere enabled the suppression of further oxidation of hydroxypyruvic acid. The highest catalytic activity was obtained for 7 wt% Pt/16 wt% Ce0.60Zr0.15Bi0.20Pb0.05O2−δ/SBA-16, which provided a hydroxypyruvic acid yield maximum of 24.6%, after the reaction for 6 h at 30 °C in atmospheric air.
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Antenucci A, Messina M, Bertolone M, Bella M, Carlone A, Salvio R, Dughera S. Turning Renewable Feedstocks into a Valuable and Efficient Chiral Phosphate Salt Catalyst. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achille Antenucci
- Department of Chemistry University of Turin Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
- NIS Interdepartmental Centre Reference Centre for INSTM University of Turin Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/A 10135 Turin Italy
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome “Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Monica Messina
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome “Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | | | - Marco Bella
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome “Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Armando Carlone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of L'Aquila via Vetoio 67100 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Riccardo Salvio
- Department of Chemistry University of Rome “Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
- Department Chemical Sciences and Technologies University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 00133 Rome Italy
- CNR Institute for Biological Systems Rome Headquarter- Reaction Mechanisms Department of Chemistry University of Rome “Sapienza” P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Dughera
- Department of Chemistry University of Turin Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol into Hydrogen and Value-Added Chemicals: Recent Research Advances. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the use of biomass as alternative resources to produce renewable and sustainable biofuels such as biodiesel has gained attention given the situation of the progressive exhaustion of easily accessible fossil fuels, increasing environmental concerns, and a dramatically growing global population. The conventional transesterification of edible, nonedible, or waste cooking oils to produce biodiesel is always accompanied by the formation of glycerol as the by-product. Undeniably, it is essential to economically use this by-product to produce a range of valuable fuels and chemicals to ensure the sustainability of the transesterification process. Therefore, recently, glycerol has been used as a feedstock for the production of value-added H2 and chemicals. In this review, the recent advances in the catalytic conversion of glycerol to H2 and high-value chemicals are thoroughly discussed. Specifically, the activity, stability, and recyclability of the catalysts used in the steam reforming of glycerol for H2 production are covered. In addition, the behavior and performance of heterogeneous catalysts in terms of the roles of active metal and support toward the formation of acrolein, lactic acid, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,2-propanediol from glycerol are reviewed. Recommendations for future research and main conclusions are provided. Overall, this review offers guidance and directions for the sufficient and economical utilization of glycerol to generate fuels and high value chemicals, which will ultimately benefit industry, environment, and economy.
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Synthesis of 2-Methylquinoxaline Derivatives from Glycerol and Diamines Catalyzed by Iridium Complexes Bearing an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methylquinoxaline derivatives are widely used as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, natural products, and dyes; however, their syntheses usually require excess reagents, making them environmentally burdensome. Meanwhile, glycerol can be sustainably obtained in large quantities as a by-product in the production of biodiesel fuel using waste oil as a raw material. Thus, it is worthwhile to develop a new catalytic system that utilizes glycerol as a C3 source. In this study, an efficient catalytic system was developed to obtain 2-methylquinoxaline derivatives from glycerol and 1,2-phenylenediamines. This system is beneficial because it is environmentally friendly and has excellent atom efficiency.
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Challenges & Opportunities on Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol to Value Added Chemicals. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10524.525-547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of biodiesel industry, its main by-product, crude glycerol, is anticipated to reach a global production of 6 million tons in 2025. It is actually a worrying phenomenon as glycerol could potentially emerge as an excessive product with little value. Glycerol, an alcohol and oxygenated chemical from biodiesel production, has essentially enormous potential to be converted into higher value-added chemicals. Using glycerol as a starting material for value-added chemical production will create a new demand on the glycerol market such as lactic acid, propylene glycol, alkyl lactatehydrogen, olefins and others. This paper briefly reviews the recent development on value-added chemicals derived from glycerol through catalytic conversion of refined and crude glycerol that have been proven to be promising in research stage with commercialization potential, or have been put in a corporate marketable production. Despite of the huge potential of products that can be transformed from glycerol, there are still numerous challenges to be addressed and discussed that include catalyst design and robustness; focus on crude or refined glycerol; reactor technology, reaction mechanism and thermodynamic analysis; and overall process commercial viability. The discussion will hopefully provide new insights on justified direction to focus on for glycerol transformation technology. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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11
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Abdullah A, Abdullah AZ, Ahmed M, Okoye PU, Shahadat M. A review on bi/multifunctional catalytic oxydehydration of bioglycerol to acrylic acid: Catalyst type, kinetics, and reaction mechanism. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Abdullah
- School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Malaysia
| | | | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Malaysia
| | - Patrick U. Okoye
- Laboratorio de Bioenergía Instituto de Energías Renovables (IER‐UNAM) Temixco Mexico
| | - Mohammad Shahadat
- School of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Malaysia
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology IIT Delhi India
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12
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Glycerol Valorization over ZrO2-Supported Copper Nanoparticles Catalysts Prepared by Chemical Reduction Method. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (NPs) and ZrO2-supported copper NPs (Cu NPs/ZrO2) were synthesized via a chemical reduction method applying different pH (4, 7 and 9) and evaluated in a glycerol dehydration reaction. Copper NPs were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microcopy (TEM) results revealed a homogeneous distribution of copper NPs. A hypsochromic shift was identified with UV–vis spectroscopy as the pH of the synthesis increased from pH = 4 to pH = 9. Zirconia-supported copper NPs catalysts were characterized using N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and N2O chemisorption. The presence of ZrO2 in the chemical reduction method confirmed the dispersion of the copper nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction indicated only the presence of tetragonal zirconia patterns in the catalysts. XPS identified the Cu/Zr surface atomic ratio of the catalysts. TPR patterns showed two main peaks for the Cu NPS/ZrO2 pH = 9 catalyst; the first peak between 125 and 180 °C (region I) was ascribed to more dispersed copper species, and the second one between 180 and 250 °C (region II) was assigned to bulk CuO. The catalysts prepared at pH = 4 and pH = 7 only revealed reduction at lower temperatures (region I). Copper dispersion was determined by N2O chemisorption. With NH3-TPD it was found that Cu NPs/ZrO2 pH = 9 exhibited the highest total quantity of acidic sites and the highest apparent kinetic constant, with a value of 0.004 min−1. The different pH applied to the synthesis media of the copper nanoparticles determined the resultant copper dispersion on the ZrO2 support, providing active domains for glycerol conversion.
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Wei R, Qu X, Xiao Y, Fan J, Geng G, Gao L, Xiao G. Hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols over silicotungstic acid catalysts intercalated with CuZnFe hydrotalcite-like compounds. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Conversion of Glycerol to Value Added Products in a Semi-Continuous Batch Reactor Using Noble Metals Supported on ZSM-11 Zeolite. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020510. [PMID: 33671418 PMCID: PMC7922169 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Au, Pt, and Pd supported on ZSM-11 microporous zeolite were investigated as catalysts for glycerol (GLY) oxidation towards higher value added products. ZSM-11 was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. Subsequently, ion exchange with NH4Cl was performed to recover acidic sites and then, Au, Pt, and Pd were incorporated onto this material by wet impregnation procedure. After thermal treatment of desorption and calcination, the corresponding Au, Pt, and Pd-ZSM-11 catalysts were obtained. These materials were characterized by different techniques, such as XRD, ICP, TEM- XEDS, and XPS, and were evaluated in the glycerol oxidation reaction by using alkaline medium and molecular oxygen as oxidizing agent. The higher conversion of GLY (66.5 mol.%) was reached for the Pt–ZSM-11 catalyst with moderate selectivity towards lactic acid (LA), while the bimetallic Au-Pt-ZSM-11 catalyst offered high selectivity to LA at moderate GLY conversion. Optimization of the main reaction parameters (i.e., temperature, reaction time and NaOH/GLY ratio) was carried out to maximize the selectivity towards the LA desired product. Thus, LA selectivity values close to 55% at GLY conversion >65% can be reached by using Pt-ZSM-11 as a catalyst under mild reaction conditions.
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Wu F, Jiang H, Zhu X, Lu R, Shi L, Lu F. Effect of Tungsten Species on Selective Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,3-Propanediol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:569-581. [PMID: 33219614 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol, as the major byproduct of biodiesel industry, is a cheap and green chemical feedstock. Following the expanded production of biodiesel, the oversupply of glycerol has led to increasing research of the catalytic conversion of glycerol. The selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol is an economical and sustainable way to produce 1,3-propanediol, which experiences a global growing demand, and valorize glycerol. However, the secondary hydroxy group of glycerol is sterically hindered by two primary hydroxy groups. As a result, 1,2-propanediol is the preferential product rather than 1,3-propanediol during conventional hydrogenolysis of glycerol. Currently, tungsten-containing bifunctional catalysts with metal and Brønsted acid sites are considered as a highly effective and atom-economical catalytic system for the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol. Therefore, this Minireview summarized various tungsten-containing bifunctional catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol in detail and deeply discussed the relationship between tungsten species, metal active sites, and glycerol for selectively producing 1,3-propanediol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengliang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuhai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Rui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116029, P. R. China
| | - Fang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
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Abstract
Once a biorefinery is ready to operate, the main processed materials need to be completely evaluated in terms of many different factors, including disposal regulations, technological limitations of installation, the market, and other societal considerations. In biorefinery, glycerol is the main by-product, representing around 10% of biodiesel production. In the last few decades, the large-scale production of biodiesel and glycerol has promoted research on a wide range of strategies in an attempt to valorize this by-product, with its transformation into added value chemicals being the strategy that exhibits the most promising route. Among them, C3 compounds obtained from routes such as hydrogenation, oxidation, esterification, etc. represent an alternative to petroleum-based routes for chemicals such as acrolein, propanediols, or carboxylic acids of interest for the polymer industry. Another widely studied and developed strategy includes processes such as reforming or pyrolysis for energy, clean fuels, and materials such as activated carbon. This review covers recent advances in catalysts used in the most promising strategies considering both chemicals and energy or fuel obtention. Due to the large variety in biorefinery industries, several potential emergent valorization routes are briefly summarized.
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An Z, Ma H, Han H, Huang Z, Jiang Y, Wang W, Zhu Y, Song H, Shu X, Xiang X, He J. Insights into the Multiple Synergies of Supports in the Selective Oxidation of Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone: Layered Double Hydroxide Supported Au. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe An
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Honghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yanru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Kaur J, Sarma AK, Jha MK, Gera P. Valorisation of crude glycerol to value-added products: Perspectives of process technology, economics and environmental issues. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 27:e00487. [PMID: 32642454 PMCID: PMC7334398 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The enormous production of glycerol, a waste stream from biodiesel industries, as a low-value product has been causing a threat to both the environment and the economy. Therefore, it needs to be transformed effectively and efficiently into valued products for contributing positively towards the biodiesel economy. It can either be converted directly into competent chemicals or can be used as a feedstock/precursor for deriving valuable derivatives. In this review article, a technical evaluation has been stirred up, various factors and technologies used for producing value-added products from crude glycerol, Environmental and economic aspects of different conversion routes, cost factors and challenges of integration of the different routes for biorefinery have been reviewed and elaborated. There are tremendous environmental benefits in the conversion of crude glycerol via the biochemical route, the product and residue become eco-friendly. However, chemical conversions are faster processes, and economically viable if environmental aspects are partially ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
- Chemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (An Autonomous Institute of MNRE Government of India), Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sarma
- Chemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy (An Autonomous Institute of MNRE Government of India), Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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21
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Belousov AS, Esipovich AL, Otopkova KV, Kanakov EA, Uvarova VD, Shishulina AV, Vorotyntsev AV. Gas-Phase Dehydration of Glycerol into Acrolein in the Presence of Polyoxometalates. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158420030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Conversion of glycerol to lactic acid over Au/bentonite catalysts in alkaline solution. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Evans CD, Douthwaite M, Carter JH, Pattisson S, Kondrat SA, Bethell D, Knight DW, Taylor SH, Hutchings GJ. Enhancing the understanding of the glycerol to lactic acid reaction mechanism over AuPt/TiO 2 under alkaline conditions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:134705. [PMID: 32268741 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of glycerol under alkaline conditions in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst can be tailored to the formation of lactic acid, an important commodity chemical. Despite recent advances in this area, the mechanism for its formation is still a subject of contention. In this study, we use a model 1 wt. % AuPt/TiO2 catalyst to probe this mechanism by conducting a series of isotopic labeling experiments with 1,3-13C glycerol. Optimization of the reaction conditions was first conducted to ensure high selectivity to lactic acid in the isotopic labeling experiments. Selectivity to lactic acid increased with temperature and concentration of NaOH, but increasing the O2 pressure appeared to influence only the rate of reaction. Using 1,3-13C glycerol, we demonstrate that conversion of pyruvaldehyde to lactic acid proceeds via a base-promoted 1,2-hydride shift. There was no evidence to suggest that this occurs via a 2,1-methide shift under the conditions used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Evans
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Douthwaite
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - James H Carter
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Pattisson
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A Kondrat
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Bethell
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - David W Knight
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H Taylor
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J Hutchings
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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24
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AlMarzouq DS, Elnagdi NMH. Glycerol and Q-Tubes: Green Catalyst and Technique for Synthesis of Polyfunctionally Substituted Heteroaromatics and Anilines. Molecules 2019; 24:E1806. [PMID: 31083287 PMCID: PMC6540232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of glycerol as a green bio-based solvent, reactant, and/or a catalyst in the synthesis of novel heterocycles, under pressure, is studied. Synthesis of novel quinolines in good yields using a new modified Skraup synthesis, utilizing glycerol and pressure Q-tubes, is demonstrated. Novel aniline trimers are prepared using glycerol, and substituted anilines under pressure, in acidic medium and water. Glycerol was employed as a catalyst and a green solvent in the synthesis of novel pyridazines 13a-c. The mechanisms of the reactions and the catalytic effect of glycerol in protic and aprotic media are fully discussed. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined via X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douaa Salman AlMarzouq
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, the Public Authority of Applied Education and Training, P.O. Box 23167, Safat 13092, Kuwait.
| | - Noha M Hilmy Elnagdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, P.O. Box 12518, Cairo 11511, Egypt.
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