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Mirani N, Ayatollahi H, Khorasani-Zavareh D, Zeraatkar K. Emergency department-based injury surveillance information system: a conceptual model. BMC Emerg Med 2023; 23:61. [PMID: 37259025 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-023-00831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury data play a pivotal role in monitoring public health issues and Injury Surveillance Information Systems (ISIS) are useful for continuous data collection and analysis purposes. Since emergency department (ED) is usually the first place of referral for the injured people, the aim of this study was to develop a conceptual model for an ED-based ISIS. METHODS This study was completed in 2020 and the Delphi technique (three rounds) was used to determine the main components of an ED-based ISIS. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling method. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS In the first, second, and third rounds of the Delphi study, 60, 44, and 28 experts participated, respectively. In the first and second rounds, most of the items including the personal data, clinical data, data sources, and system functions were found important. In the third round of the Delphi study, 13 items which did not reach a consensus in the previous rounds were questioned again and five items were removed from the final model. CONCLUSION According to the findings, various data elements and functions could be considered for designing an ED-based ISIS and a number of data sources should be taken into count to be integrated with this system. Although the conceptual model presented in the present study can facilitate designing the actual system, the final system needs to be implemented and used in practice to determine how it can meet users' requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Mirani
- Department of Health Tourism, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Haleh Ayatollahi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1996713883, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, H1, Sweden
| | - Kimia Zeraatkar
- Education Development Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Lael-Monfared E, Rakhshanderou S, Ramezankhani A, Ghaffari M. Behavioural and environmental risk factors for household injuries: semistructured interviews with health professionals and mothers in Iran. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001762. [PMID: 36697036 PMCID: PMC9884884 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries are increasing global public health problems, causing disability and death among children. This has considerable financial, emotional and social effects on families and society. This study aimed to investigate the behavioural and environmental factors leading to unintentional home injuries and attempts to highlight the pivotal role of mothers' behaviour and performance to provide a safe place for children at home. METHODS The current research is a qualitative study of a directed content analysis type. The data were gathered through semistructured interviews conducted in participants' workplaces, namely universities, research centres and health centres. In some cases, telephone interviews were conducted within 3 months, from February 2021 to May 2021 in Tehran, Iran. The participants were selected through non-probability and purposive sampling. All the recorded interviews and notes were accurately evaluated, and data analysis was performed based on the content analysis. There were 29 interviews in total: 12 interviews with mothers, 9 with treatment and prevention specialists, and 8 with researchers. RESULTS A total of 66 factors, 6 subcategories and 2 main categories were extracted after analysing the interviews. The main categories included environmental and behavioural factors. The subcategories included house infrastructure, house equipment/furniture, children's equipment/furniture, provision of precarious conditions, access to hazardous substances and appliances, and unsafe arrangement of furniture. CONCLUSION Despite the existing obstacles such as the long-term implementation, financial difficulties and overcomplicated policy-making process, health interventions can make it possible for mothers of children under the age of seven to adopt preventive measures through appropriately designed instructions and optimal use of existing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Lael-Monfared
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Rakhshanderou
- Department of Public Heath, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ramezankhani
- Department of Public Heath, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Department of Public Heath, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Aliyari R, Mirrezaie SM, Kazemeini T, Sadeghian F, Fayaz Dastgerdi M, Azizi A. Effect of psychosocial interventions on risky driving behaviours among offender drivers by using simulated and real driving: study protocol for a non-randomised controlled trial. Inj Prev 2022; 29:272-279. [PMID: 36600587 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risky driving behaviour including anger while driving has led to millions of global road traffic crashes, thousands of mortalities and injuries. These losses are much more in middle-income countries, such as Iran. This paper explains methods of data collection in a controlled trial study for evaluating the effect of psychosocial interventions on risky driving by using simulated and real driving. METHODS This non-randomised controlled trial study will include 180 offender drivers. They will refer to the simulation laboratory by traffic police after their driving licences were suspended. At baseline, all participants will fill five questionnaires including demographic, Driving Anger Scale, Driving Anger Expression Scale, Spielberger's Anger and Manchester Driving Behavioural, and then they will be tested with a driving simulator. Afterwards, they will be allocated to one of three-intervention training arms (mindfulness, meta-cognition and social marketing) or a control arm without any training. Risky driving behaviours will be assessed in three follow-ups after intervention. The primary outcome of interest will be driving offences, recorded by traffic police in two time points: at 6 months and 1 year after the intervention. DISCUSSION This study examines the effect of three interventions in reducing driving offence. The results can end in a new therapeutic training or a new legislation that should be added to current obligatory training for getting driving licence and can lead to long-term safe driving among Iranian drivers. Future research is recommended to study the cost-effectiveness of these interventions in actual driving in Iran. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000039493.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roqayeh Aliyari
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mirrezaie
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Toktam Kazemeini
- Faculty of Educatinal Sciences and Phychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farideh Sadeghian
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahsa Fayaz Dastgerdi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Alireza Azizi
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Lael-Monfared E, Rakhshanderou S, Ramezankhani A, Ghaffari M. Educational and ecological assessment for unintentional injuries among children under 7 years: directed qualitative research based on PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Inj Prev 2022; 28:365-373. [PMID: 35246473 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2022-044521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child injury is not seen as a new issue in medical science and public health; however, for years it has been either generally brushed aside or been conspicuously absent from the world health agenda. This study aims at investigating the factors leading to house injuries and attempts to highlight mothers' pivotal role to provide a safe place for children at home. METHODS A qualitative research method was used. There were 29 interviews in total: 12 interviews with mothers, 9 with cure and prevention specialists and 8 with researchers. The data were gathered through semistructured interviews conducted in participants' workplaces namely universities, research centres, health centres and in some cases through telephone in 3 months from February 2021 to May 2021 in Tehran, Iran. The participants were selected through non-probability and purposive sampling. All of the recorded interviews and notes were accurately evaluated and data analysis was performed based on the content analysis. RESULTS In this study, 29 participants' views were examined: 12 mothers (41.37%), 8 researchers (27.5%) and 9 treatment and prevention experts (31%). After the analysis of the interviews, 96 codes, 14 subcategories and 3 main categories were extracted. The main categories included the predisposing factors, reinforcing factors and enabling factors. The subcategories included perceived sensitivity, perceived susceptibility, health control centre, perceived benefits, observational or peripheral learning, social support, family support, abstract norms, valuing children's health, background factors, skills, rules and regulations, child's character traits and self-efficacy to overcome barriers. CONCLUSION House injuries among children are a complicated and multifaceted issue that requires a comprehensive investigation to determine the contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Lael-Monfared
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Rakhshanderou
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ramezankhani
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Safarpour H, Khorasani-Zavareh D, Soori H, Ghomian Z, Bagheri Lankarani K, Mohammadi R. A model for Vision Zero implementation in Iran: a grounded theory study. J Inj Violence Res 2022; 14:43-52. [PMID: 35034946 PMCID: PMC9115815 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v14i1.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road Traffic injuries (RTIs) are major global health issues, but they have been neglected. RTIs are multi-faceted in nature and, like many injuries, are costly but preventable. Iran has one of the highest rates of deaths due to traffic accidents among middle-income countries. Hence, there is a need for effective and preventive approaches in road safety management. One of the new approaches to road safety is the Vision Zero. The aim of this study was to design a Vision Zero implementation model in Iran. METHODS This present study was conducted using the qualitative grounded theory approach. Purposive, snowball and maximum variety sampling were used to select participants. In-depth interviews were used to collect data. Grounded theory method was used to analyze the data using Corbin and Strauss method. RESULTS In this study, 19 interviews were conducted with 17 participants. Based on data analysis, a total of 4 main categories and 13 subcategories were obtained. According to the participants, the lead agency was recognized as the core category. Other concepts were categorized as causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, action/interaction strategies, and consequences. CONCLUSIONS Establishing a lead agency with inter-organizational coordination through political support and legislation and changing the approach of road safety can be effective in implementing a Vision Zero. Also, improving the safety attitude of the stakeholders and changing their approach through training and advocacy from various organizations related to road safety is effective in creating a lead agency and implementing a vision zero. In addition, in order to implementation of the model, it is very important to pay attention to the economic, political and ethical underlying factors towards human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Safarpour
- a Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
,b Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- c Workplace Health Promotion Research Center (WHPRC), Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh: MD, Workplace Health Promotion Research Center (WHPRC), Department of Health in Disasters and Emergen-cies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (Khorasani-Zavareh D.). https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-8148
| | - Hamid Soori
- d Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Ghomian
- e Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- f Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- g Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), H1, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Azadi T, Sadoughi F, Khorasani-Zavareh D. Using the Modified Delphi Method to Propose and Validate Components of a Child Injury Surveillance System for Iran. PERSPECTIVES IN HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2020; 18:1k. [PMID: 33633521 PMCID: PMC7883356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child injuries are a worldwide public health concern. An injury surveillance system (ISS) has a beneficial impact on child injury prevention, but an evidence-based consensus on frameworks is necessary to establish a child ISS. OBJECTIVES To investigate key components of a child ISS and to propose a framework for implementation. METHODS Data were gathered through interview with experts using unstructured questions to identify child ISS functional components. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis method. Then, the Modified Delphi method was used to validate functional components. Based on the outcomes of the content analysis, a questionnaire with closed questions was developed to be presented to a group of experts. Consensus was achieved in two rounds. DISCUSSION In round I, 117 items reached consensus. In round II, five items reached consensus and were incorporated into the final framework. Consensus was reached for 122 items comprising the final framework and representing seven key components: goals of the system, data sources, data set, coalition of stakeholders, data collection, data analysis, and data distribution. Each component consisted of several sub-components and respective elements. CONCLUSION This agreed framework will assist to standardize data collection, analysis, and distribution to detect child injury problem and provide evidence for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Azadi
- , School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Sadoughi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- , Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Health in Disaster and Emergency Department, School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Azadi T, Sadoughi F, Khorasani-Zavareh D. Using modified Delphi method to propose and validate the components of a child injury surveillance system for Iran. Chin J Traumatol 2020; 23:274-279. [PMID: 32921558 PMCID: PMC7567898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Child injuries are a public health concern globally. Injury surveillance systems (ISSs) have beneficial impact on child injury prevention. There is a need for evidence-based consensus on frameworks to establish child ISSs. This research aims to investigate the key components of a child ISS for Iran and to propose a framework for implementation. METHODS Data were gathered through interview with experts using unstructured questions from January 2017 to December 2018 to identify child ISS functional components. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis method. Then, modified Delphi method was used to validate the functional components. Based on the outcomes of the content analysis, a questionnaire with closed questions was developed and presented to a group of experts. Consensus was achieved in two rounds. RESULTS In round I, 117 items reached consensus. In round II, 5 items reached consensus and were incorporated into final framework. Consensus was reached for 122 items comprising the final framework and representing 7 key components: goals of the system, data sources, data set, coalition of stakeholders, data collection, data analysis and data distribution. Each component consisted of several sub-components and respective elements. CONCLUSION This agreed framework will assist in standardizing data collection, analysis and distribution, which help to detect child injury problems and provide evidence for preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Azadi
- Health Information Management Department, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Sadoughi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author.
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Health in Disaster and Emergency Department, School of Health, Safety and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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