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Cao S, Niu S, Wang X, Geng H, Yang C, Du S. Sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia as potential risk factors for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in neonates: a meta-analysis of retrospective studies. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:598-603. [PMID: 31264392 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.19.05337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are risk factors for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) and to provide suggestions for the prevention of PNAC in infants. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Cochrane) were searched for studies published up to October 22, 2017. Associations between sepsis, BPD and PNAC were assessed using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and subgroup analyses were performed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Nine studies incorporating a total of 2248 cases were included in the meta-analysis. Sepsis was significantly associated with PNAC (pooled OR=2.04; 95% CI: 1.23-2.85), but BPD was not (pooled OR=1.22; 95% CI: 0.65-1.78). In a subgroup analysis, BPD was not associated with PNAC in either the non-Asian group (pooled OR=1.38; 95% CI: 0.58-2.18) or the Asian group (pooled OR=1.05; 95% CI: 0.26-1.84). CONCLUSIONS Sepsis, but not BPD, was a risk factor for PNAC in this meta-analysis. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Zibo Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zibo, China -
| | - Shiping Niu
- Department of Neonatology, Zibo Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Zibo Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Hongli Geng
- Department of Neonatology, Zibo Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Changkun Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Zibo Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Shan Du
- Department of Neonatology, Zibo Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zibo, China
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Imam MT, Almalki ZS, Alzahrani AR, Al-Ghamdi SS, Falemban AH, Alanazi IM, Shahzad N, Muhammad Alrooqi M, Jabeen Q, Shahid I. COVID-19 and severity of liver diseases: Possible crosstalk and clinical implications. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110439. [PMID: 37315370 PMCID: PMC10247890 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19-infected individuals and those who recovered from the infection have been demonstrated to have elevated liver enzymes or abnormal liver biochemistries, particularly with preexisting liver diseases, liver metabolic disorders, viral hepatitis, and other hepatic comorbidities. However, possible crosstalk and intricate interplay between COVID-19 and liver disease severity are still elusive, and the available data are murky and confined. Similarly, the syndemic of other blood-borne infectious diseases, chemical-induced liver injuries, and chronic hepatic diseases continued to take lives while showing signs of worsening due to the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, the pandemic is not over yet and is transitioning to becoming an epidemic in recent years; hence, monitoring liver function tests (LFTs) and assessing hepatic consequences of COVID-19 in patients with or without liver illnesses would be of paramount interest. This pragmatic review explores the correlations between COVID-19 and liver disease severity based on abnormal liver biochemistries and other possible mechanisms in individuals of all ages from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic to the post-pandemic period. The review also alludes to clinical perspectives of such interactions to curb overlapping hepatic diseases in people who recovered from the infection or living with long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad S Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed S Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa H Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Qaisar Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
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Jain J, Jain M. Acute liver failure in tropical infections- thinking beyond viral hepatitis! Trop Doct 2023; 53:137-139. [PMID: 36345260 DOI: 10.1177/00494755221136620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure is characterised by the presence of jaundice and encephalopathy with or without coagulopathy in a patient with a previously normal liver.1 A variety of tropical infections can lead to this clinical presentation. Hepatosplenomegaly and bleeding manifestations are common in such patients. Deranged liver biochemistry and poor outcomes are hallmarks of viral hepatitis inducing liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenisha Jain
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatrics, Choithram Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Jain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Arihant Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Baptista L, Pollard D, Di Bella A. Evaluation of Resting Serum Bile Acid Concentrations in Dogs with Sepsis. Vet Sci 2022; 9:627. [PMID: 36423076 PMCID: PMC9695002 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in the human literature suggest that serum bile acid concentrations could be an early predictor of short-term survival in critically ill patients. However, there is no available information in the veterinary literature regarding serum bile acid concentrations in dogs with sepsis. We aimed to evaluate if resting serum bile acid concentrations differ between septic and non-septic dogs. This was a retrospective observational study, of medical records at a single referral center over a twelve-year period. Twenty-six client-owned dogs diagnosed with sepsis were identified. Twenty-one dogs presenting with a non-hepatobiliary systemic disease and twenty-nine dogs admitted for an elective orthopedic procedure, considered otherwise healthy, were selected as control groups. Resting serum bile acid concentrations were significantly higher in the septic compared to the non-septic groups (ill control and orthopedic control groups). However, when assessing bile acid concentrations between groups individually, no difference was identified between the septic and the orthopedic control group. These results should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Baptista
- Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Red Hall Cres, Wakefield WF1 2DF, UK
| | - Danica Pollard
- Independent Researcher, The Rodhams, Christchurch PE14 9NU, UK
| | - Andrea Di Bella
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Forest Corner Farm, Ringwood BH24 3JW, UK
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Schwarz S, Lang C, Harlander M, Štupnik T, Slambrouck JV, Ceulemans LJ, Ius F, Gottlieb J, Kuhnert S, Hecker M, Aigner C, Kneidinger N, Verschuuren EAM, Smits JM, Tschernko E, Schaden E, Faybik P, Markstaller K, Trauner M, Jaksch P, Hoetzenecker K. Gamma-glutamyltransferase is a strong predictor of secondary sclerosing cholangitis after lung transplantation for COVID-19 ARDS. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:1501-1510. [PMID: 35907758 PMCID: PMC9249665 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung transplantation (LTx) can be considered for selected patients suffering from COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill (SSC-CIP) patients has been described as a late complication in COVID-19 ARDS survivors, however, rates of SSC-CIP after LTx and factors predicting this detrimental sequela are unknown. METHODS This retrospective analysis included all LTx performed for post-COVID ARDS at 8 European LTx centers between May 2020 and January 2022. Clinical risk factors for SSC-CIP were analyzed over time. Prediction of SSC-CIP was assessed by ROC-analysis. RESULTS A total of 40 patients were included in the analysis. Fifteen patients (37.5%) developed SSC-CIP. GGT at the time of listing was significantly higher in patients who developed SSC-CIP (median 661 (IQR 324-871) vs 186 (109-346); p = 0.001). Moreover, higher peak values for GGT (585 vs 128.4; p < 0.001) and ALP (325 vs 160.2; p = 0.015) were found in the 'SSC' group during the waiting period. Both, GGT at the time of listing and peak GGT during the waiting time, could predict SSC-CIP with an AUC of 0.797 (95% CI: 0.647-0.947) and 0.851 (95% CI: 0.707-0.995). Survival of 'SSC' patients was severely impaired compared to 'no SSC' patients (1-year: 46.7% vs 90.2%, log-rank p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS SSC-CIP is a severe late complication after LTx for COVID-19 ARDS leading to significant morbidity and mortality. GGT appears to be a sensitive parameter able to predict SSC-CIP even at the time of listing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matevz Harlander
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Štupnik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Van Slambrouck
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lab of BREATHE, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens J. Ceulemans
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lab of BREATHE, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabio Ius
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Gottlieb
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kuhnert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hecker
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West German Cancer Center, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Erik AM. Verschuuren
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tuberculosis and Lung Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Edda Tschernko
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schaden
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Faybik
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Markstaller
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Reprint requests: Konrad Hoetzenecker, MD PhD, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna. Telephone: +43-1-404-005-6440. Fax: +43-1-404-005-1000
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Perez Ruiz de Garibay A, Kortgen A, Leonhardt J, Zipprich A, Bauer M. Critical care hepatology: definitions, incidence, prognosis and role of liver failure in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2022; 26:289. [PMID: 36163253 PMCID: PMC9511746 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractOrgan dysfunction or overt failure is a commonplace event in the critically ill affecting up to 70% of patients during their stay in the ICU. The outcome depends on the resolution of impaired organ function, while a domino-like deterioration of organs other than the primarily affected ones paves the way for increased mortality. “Acute Liver Failure” was defined in the 1970s as a rare and potentially reversible severe liver injury in the absence of prior liver disease with hepatic encephalopathy occurring within 8 weeks. Dysfunction of the liver in general reflects a critical event in “Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome” due to immunologic, regulatory and metabolic functions of liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells. Dysregulation of the inflammatory response, persistent microcirculatory (hypoxic) impairment or drug-induced liver injury are leading problems that result in “secondary liver failure,” i.e., acquired liver injury without underlying liver disease or deterioration of preexisting (chronic) liver disease (“Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure”). Conventional laboratory markers, such as transaminases or bilirubin, are limited to provide insight into the complex facets of metabolic and immunologic liver dysfunction. Furthermore, inhomogeneous definitions of these entities lead to widely ranging estimates of incidence. In the present work, we review the different definitions to improve the understanding of liver dysfunction as a perpetrator (and therapeutic target) of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critical care.
Graphic Abstract
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Yang Y, Wang LC, Yu XY, Zhang XF, Yang ZQ, Zheng YZ, Jiang BY, Chen L. How likely is septic shock to develop in a patient with Fournier's gangrene? A risk prediction model based on a 7-year retrospective study. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac038. [PMID: 35966629 PMCID: PMC9368829 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare life-threatening form of necrotizing fasciitis. The risk factors for septic shock in patients with FG are unclear. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors and develop a prediction model for septic shock in patients with FG. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients who were treated for FG between May 2013 and May 2020 at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China). The patients were divided into a septic shock group and a non-septic shock group. An L1-penalized logistic regression model was used to detect the main effect of important factors and a penalized Quadratic Discriminant Analysis method was used to identify possible interaction effects between different factors. The selected main factors and interactions were used to obtain a logistic regression model based on the Bayesian information criterion. Results A total of 113 patients with FG were enrolled and allocated to the septic shock group (n = 24) or non-septic shock group (n = 89). The best model selected identified by backward logistic regression based on Bayesian information criterion selected temperature, platelets, total bilirubin (TBIL) level, and pneumatosis on pelvic computed tomography/magnetic resonance images as the main linear effect and Na+ × TBIL as the interaction effect. The area under the ROC curve of the probability of FG with septic shock by our model was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.95). The Harrell's concordance index for the nomogram was 0.864 (95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.95). Conclusion We have developed a prediction model for evaluation of the risk of septic shock in patients with FG that could assist clinicians in identifying critically ill patients with FG and prevent them from reaching a crisis state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin-Yang Yu
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Qing Yang
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang-Zi Zheng
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin-Yan Jiang
- Corresponding authors. Lei Chen, Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China. Tel: +86-13570236595; and Bin-Yan Jiang, Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China. Tel: +852-27666349;
| | - Lei Chen
- Corresponding authors. Lei Chen, Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P. R. China. Tel: +86-13570236595; and Bin-Yan Jiang, Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China. Tel: +852-27666349;
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Ghenu MI, Dragoş D, Manea MM, Ionescu D, Negreanu L. Pathophysiology of sepsis‐induced cholestasis: A review. JGH OPEN 2022; 6:378-387. [PMID: 35774351 PMCID: PMC9218521 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a critical condition resulting from the excessive activation of the inflammatory/immune system in response to an infection, with high mortality if treatment is not administered promptly. One of the many possible complications of sepsis is liver dysfunction with consequent cholestasis. The aim of this paper is to review the main mechanisms involved in the development of cholestasis in sepsis. Cholestasis in a septic patient must raise the suspicion that it is the consequence of the septic condition and limit the laborious attempts of finding a hepatic or biliary disease. Prompt antibiotic administration when sepsis is suspected is essential and may improve liver enzymes. Cholestasis is a syndrome with a variety of etiologies, among which sepsis is frequently overlooked, despite a number of studies and case reports in the literature demonstrating not only the association between sepsis and cholestasis but also the role of cholestasis as a prognostic factor for sepsis‐induced death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Iuliana Ghenu
- 1st Department Medical Semiology (MIG, DD, DI), 6th Department Clinical Neurosciences (MMM), 5th Department Internal Medicine (LN) “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
- 1st Internal Medicine Clinic University Emergency Hospital Bucharest Romania
| | - Dorin Dragoş
- 1st Department Medical Semiology (MIG, DD, DI), 6th Department Clinical Neurosciences (MMM), 5th Department Internal Medicine (LN) “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
- 1st Internal Medicine Clinic University Emergency Hospital Bucharest Romania
| | - Maria Mirabela Manea
- 1st Department Medical Semiology (MIG, DD, DI), 6th Department Clinical Neurosciences (MMM), 5th Department Internal Medicine (LN) “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
- Neurology Department National Institute of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases Bucharest Romania
| | - Dorin Ionescu
- 1st Department Medical Semiology (MIG, DD, DI), 6th Department Clinical Neurosciences (MMM), 5th Department Internal Medicine (LN) “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
- Nephrology Clinic University Emergency Hospital Bucharest Romania
| | - Lucian Negreanu
- 1st Department Medical Semiology (MIG, DD, DI), 6th Department Clinical Neurosciences (MMM), 5th Department Internal Medicine (LN) “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest Romania
- Gastroenterology Clinic University Emergency Hospital Bucharest Romania
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Al Sulaiman K, Kharbosh A, Bin Salah K, Alsulaiman T, Al Andas N, Aljuhani O, Vishwakarma R. Impact of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: A Retrospective Study. J Pharm Pract 2022; 36:566-571. [PMID: 37189247 DOI: 10.1177/08971900211038363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Using ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in critically ill patients as adjunctive therapy for sepsis/septic shock in neonates and children is controversial, while it has not been extensively investigated in adults. This study aims to assess the effect of UDCA use on the early resolution of sepsis/septic shock in critically ill adult patients. Method: A retrospective study of critically ill adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) admitted with sepsis/septic shock at King Abdulaziz Medical City. Based on their usage of UDCA, patients were categorized into two groups. A total of 88 patients were included for analysis after matching, based on severity of illness scores within 24-hours of ICU admission. The primary outcome was to assess the effect of UDCA on the severity and resolution of shock at day three of ICU admission. The secondary outcomes were 30-day in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, and ICU length of stay (LOS). Results: Out of the 88 patients matched, 44 patients (50%) received UDCA during the study period. Using UDCA was neither associated with improvement in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ( p-value: 0.32), inotropes/vasopressors requirement ( p-value: 0.79), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ( p-value: 0.59) nor total bilirubin levels ( p-value: 0.79) at day three compared with the control. There was a significant association between using UDCA and improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratio ( p-value: 0.01) and early extubation at day three ( p-value: 0.04). Conclusion: Using UDCA in critically ill patients with sepsis/septic shock was not associated with improvement in shock severity and resolution. However, patients who received UDCA were more likely to be extubated and not require MV on day three of ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al Sulaiman
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Kharbosh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Bin Salah
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alsulaiman
- Family Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Al Andas
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Aljuhani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesh Vishwakarma
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Peng M, Deng F, Qi D, Hu Z, Zhang L. The Hyperbilirubinemia and Potential Predictors Influence on Long-Term Outcomes in Sepsis: A Population-Based Propensity Score-Matched Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:713917. [PMID: 34604255 PMCID: PMC8484885 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.713917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although hyperbilirubinemia has been associated with mortality in patients who are critically ill, yet no clinical studies dissect the effect of dynamic change of hyperbilirubinemia on long-term septic prognosis. The study aims to investigate the specific stages of hyperbilirubinemia and potential risk factors on long-term outcomes in patients with sepsis. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, patients with sepsis, without previous chronic liver diseases, were identified from the Medical Information Mart for the Intensive Care III MIMIC-III database. We used propensity scores (PS) to adjust the baseline differences in septic patients with hyperbilirubinemia or not. The multivariate Cox was employed to investigate the predictors that influence a clinical outcome in sepsis. Results: Of 2,784 patients with sepsis, hyperbilirubinemia occurred in 544 patients (19.5%). After PS matching, a survival curve demonstrated that patients with sepsis with the new onset of total bilirubin (TBIL) levels more than or equal to 5 mg/dl survived at significantly lower rates than those with TBIL levels <5 mg/dl. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis showed that patients with TBIL at more than or equal to 5 mg/dl during sepsis exhibit 1.608 times (95% CI: 1.228-2.106) higher risk of 1-year mortality than those with TBIL levels <5 mg/dl. Also, age above 65 years old, preexisting malignancy, a respiratory rate above 30 beats/min at admission, serum parameters levels within 24-h admission, containing international normalized ratio (INR) above 1.5, platelet <50*10∧9/L, lactate above 4 mmol/L, and bicarbonate <22 or above 29 mmol/L are the independent risk factors for long-term mortality of patients with sepsis. Conclusions: After PS matching, serum TBIL levels at more than or equal to 5 mg/dl during hospitality are associated with increased long-term mortality for patients with sepsis. This study may provide clinicians with some cutoff values for early intervention, which may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milin Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fuxing Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Qi
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Rasmi Y, Babaei G, Nisar MF, Noreen H, Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz S. Revealed pathophysiological mechanisms of crosslinking interaction of affected vital organs in COVID-19. COMPARATIVE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:1005-1021. [PMID: 34539310 PMCID: PMC8432959 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-021-03269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is one of the main serious challenges of human societies, which emerged in December 2019 from China and quickly extends to all parts of the world. The virus was previously believed to only affect the lungs and respiratory system, but subsequent research has revealed that it affects a variety of organs. For this reason, this disease is known as a multiorgan disease. Current article aimed to highlight latest information and updates about molecular studies regarding pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in kidney, liver, and cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the mechanisms of interaction of these organs with each other to cause clinical manifestations in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia Medical Sciences University (UMSU), Urmia, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia Medical Sciences University (UMSU), Urmia, Iran
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, 63100 Pakistan
| | - Hina Noreen
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, 63100 Pakistan
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Hilscher MB, Kamath PS, Eaton JE. Cholestatic Liver Diseases: A Primer for Generalists and Subspecialists. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:2263-2279. [PMID: 33012354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis describes impairment in bile formation or flow which can manifest clinically with fatigue, pruritus, and jaundice. The differential diagnosis of cholestatic liver diseases is broad, and the etiologies of cholestasis vary in the anatomical location of the defect and acuity of presentation. Cholestasis may occur in a variety of clinical scenarios. Therefore, it is important for a diverse audience with varied clinical practices to have a basic understanding of manifestations of cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira B Hilscher
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Patrick S Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John E Eaton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Schaefer EAK, Arvind A, Bloom PP, Chung RT. Interrelationship Between Coronavirus Infection and Liver Disease. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2020; 15:175-180. [PMID: 32489653 PMCID: PMC7242011 DOI: 10.1002/cld.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwini Arvind
- Liver Center and GI DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Patricia P. Bloom
- Liver Center and GI DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Liver Center and GI DivisionMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Pathophysiology of Acute Illness and Injury. OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES AND RECENT ADVANCES IN ACUTE CARE AND EMERGENCY SURGERY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7122041 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95114-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of acute illness and injury recognizes three main effectors: infection, trauma, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Each of them can act by itself or in combination with the other two in developing a systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS) that is a generalized reaction to the morbid event. The time course of SIRS is variable and influenced by the number and severity of subsequent insults (e.g., reparative surgery, acquired hospital infections). It occurs simultaneously with a complex of counter-regulatory mechanisms (compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome, CARS) that limit the aggressive effects of SIRS. In adjunct, a progressive dysfunction of the acquired (lymphocytes) immune system develops with increased risk for immunoparalysis and associated infectious complications. Both humoral and cellular effectors participate to the development of SIRS and CARS. The most important humoral mediators are pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines and chemokines, complement, leukotrienes, and PAF. Effector cells include neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells. The endothelium is a key factor for production of remote organ damage as it exerts potent chemo-attracting effects on inflammatory cells, allows for leukocyte trafficking into tissues and organs, and promotes further inflammation by cytokines release. Moreover, the loss of vasoregulatory properties and the increased permeability contribute to the development of hypotension and tissue edema. Finally, the disseminated activation of the coagulation cascade causes the widespread deposition of microthrombi with resulting maldistribution of capillary blood flow and ultimately hypoxic cellular damage. This mechanism together with increased vascular permeability and vasodilation is responsible for the development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
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El-Gamal S, El-Menshawy HHEB, Abbas NF, El-Metwally O. Acute kidney injury network criteria as a prognostic factor in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/ejim.ejim_15_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kaya M, Akdogan R, Uçmak F, O Ayyildiz M, Karakus A, A Kaplan M. The Incidence and Predictive Factors in the Development of Acute Hepatitis in Patients with Leukemia. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:31-37. [PMID: 29963458 PMCID: PMC6024041 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Liver involvement is common in hematological malignancies, but the incidence and pattern of liver injury vary among the different types. The aims of our study were to determine the incidence and clinical course of acute hepatitis and the important factors for its development in patients with leukemia after chemotherapy. Materials and methods All patients with the diagnosis of leukemia who were treated at the Department of Hematology between January 2008 and January 2013 were included in the study. A detailed medical history, clinical and laboratory findings, treatment modalities, complications, and clinical course were recorded retrospectively. Results A total of 124 patients (64 females) with the diagnosis of leukemia were included in the study. The mean age was 45.2 years (16-89 years) and mean follow-up time was 29.7 months (0.25-192 months). A total of 43 (34.6%) patients had acute hepatitis after chemotherapy. Pattern of liver injury was hepatocellular in 31 patients, cholestasis in 2, and mix in 10 patients. Age (p = 0.001), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg, p = 0.007), acute leukemia (p < 0.001), positive blood culture (p = 0.004), the amount of transfused red blood cell (p = 0.001), and amount of transfused platelets (p = 0.002) were significantly different under univariate analysis between the acute hepatitis group and the nonacute hepatitis group. Under multivariate analysis, only acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was identified as independent predictive factor for development of acute hepatitis after starting chemotherapy. Conclusion Acute and self-limited hepatitis develops in the substantial proportion of patients with leukemia. The most important factor for development of acute hepatitis is the type of leukemia. How to cite this article: Kaya M, Akdogan R, Uçmak F, Ayyildiz MO, Karakus A, Kaplan MA. The Incidence and Predictive Factors in the Development of Acute Hepatitis in Patients with Leukemia. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):31-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Kaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Recai Akdogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Feyzullah Uçmak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet O Ayyildiz
- Department of Hematology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Karakus
- Department of Hematology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Muhammet A Kaplan
- Department of Oncology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Aguiar J, A Silva J, García G, Guillén G, C Aguilar J. Cross-validation Studies of a Novel Low-cost Hepatitis B Virus Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction System. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2018; 8:38-41. [PMID: 29963459 PMCID: PMC6024048 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This research focused on the results of the cross-validation program related with the performance of a Cuban novel low-cost real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for hepatitis B virus (HBV) quantification developed by the Therapeutic Vaccine against Hepatitis B Department, Vaccines Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba. Materials and methods Dilution series with the plasmid standard at concentrations of 900,000 to 0.09 copies/reaction (c/r) were made for each PCR instrument. The mean cycles threshold (Ct) values and PCR efficiency were compared among the cyclers. Hepatitis B virus-positive serum samples were used for the calculation of reproducibility of the HBV assay. Biotecon Diagnostics (BCD) also ordered the oligo sequences from a second supplier and compared the PCR performance to those provided from the CIGB. Results All PCR cyclers were able to detect concentrations up to 0.09 c/r. However, below the concentration of 9 c/r, the variation of results increased within and between the cyclers. The PCR efficiency showed satisfying results. The overall coefficient of variation (CV) cycler values were 1.29 and 0.91% for M6 and M19 respectively. No significance was observed between the different primer suppliers. Conclusion The HBV assay was performed with a good concordance between the five real-time instruments from different suppliers. The HBV assay was also performed with a high reproducibility for samples with a high and a low viral load. The HBV assay is robust against different primer suppliers. How to cite this article: Aguiar J, Silva JA, García G, Guillén G, Aguilar JC. Cross-validation Studies of a Novel Low-cost Hepatitis B Virus Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction System. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2018;8(1):38-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Aguiar
- Department of Therapeutic Vaccine against Hepatitis B, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - José A Silva
- Department of Oligonucleotide Synthesis, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo García
- Department of Quality Control, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén
- Department of Therapeutic Vaccine against Hepatitis B, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Julio C Aguilar
- Department of Therapeutic Vaccine against Hepatitis B, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
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De Novo Endotoxin-Induced Production of Antibodies against the Bile Salt Export Pump Associated with Bacterial Infection following Major Hepatectomy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6197152. [PMID: 29850541 PMCID: PMC5937615 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Clinically severe infection-related inflammation after major liver resection may cause hyperbilirubinemia. This study aims to clarify the impact of bacterial infection and endotoxins on the hepatobiliary transporter system and to explore possible mechanisms of endotoxin-related postoperative hyperbilirubinemia. Method Mice that underwent major hepatectomy with removal of at least 70% of liver volume were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at different dosages. Subsequently, hepatobiliary transporter compounds related to bile salt excretion were further investigated. Results The expression of genes related to hepatobiliary transporter compounds was not significantly different in the liver tissue of mice after major hepatectomy and LPS exposure. However, bile salt export pump (BSEP) protein expression within the liver tissue of mice treated with LPS after major hepatectomy was relatively weaker and was even further reduced in the high-dose LPS group. The formation of antibodies against the BSEP in response to endotoxin exposure was also detected. Conclusion This study illustrates a possible mechanism whereby the dysfunction of hepatobiliary transporter systems caused by endotoxin-induced autoantibodies may be involved in the development of postoperative jaundice associated with bacterial infection after major hepatectomy.
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Gudnason HO, Björnsson ES. Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients: current perspectives. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2017; 10:105-111. [PMID: 28694703 PMCID: PMC5491618 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is a term used for a group of chronic cholestatic disease affecting the intra- and/or extrahepatic biliary tree with inflammation and progressive stricture formation, which can lead to biliary cirrhosis. A newly recognized form of SSC is secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SSC-CIP). Pathogenesis is believed to involve ischemic injury of intrahepatic bile ducts associated with prolonged hypotension, vasopressors administration, and/or mechanical ventilation in patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients diagnosed with SSC-CIP have no prior history of liver disease and no known pathologic process or injury responsible for bile duct obstruction prior to ICU treatment. Reasons leading to ICU treatment are many including multitrauma, burn injury, cardiac surgery, severe pneumonia, other infections, or bleeding after abdominal surgery. Patients have in common prolonged ICU admission. SSC-CIP is associated with rapid progression to liver cirrhosis and poor survival with limited treatment options except a liver transplantation. Transplant-free survival is around 17-40 months, which is lower than in other SSC patients. During the initial stages of the disease, the clinical symptoms and biochemical profile are not specific and easily missed. Biliary casts formation may be considered pathognomonic for SSC-CIP since most patients have them in early stages of the disease. Increased awareness and early detection of the disease and its complications is considered to be crucial to improve the poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsteinn O Gudnason
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali, University Hospital of Iceland
| | - Einar S Björnsson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali, University Hospital of Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Gagua AK, Strel'nikov AI, Val'kov KS. [The value of volatile fatty acids, citrulline and malondialdehyde for diagnosis of suppurative cholangitis in obstructive jaundice and choosing of optimal surgical approach (with commentary)]. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2016:41-47. [PMID: 27804933 DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia20161041-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
AIM To define the role of volatile fatty acids, citrulline and malondialdehyde for diagnosis of suppurative cholangitis in obstructive jaundice and to define optimal surgical approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied the results of examination and treatment of 87 patients with different hepatopancreatobiliary pathology complicated by obstructive jaundice. It was determined blood concentration and range of volatile fatty acids which are metabolites of facultative anaerobic and obligate anaerobic bacterial pathogens. RESULTS In 39 patients the defined levels of acetic, propionic, butyric and isovaleric acids contributed to accurate diagnosis of suppurative cholangitis. Statistically significant threshold concentrations of volatile fatty acids were revealed. These values facilitate detection of anaerobic microflora in suppurative cholangitis. CONCLUSION Research of contents of volatile fatty acids, citrulline and malondialdehyde contributes to early diagnosis of suppurative cholangitis in patients with obstructive jaundice and further objectifies an algorithm of surgical tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gagua
- Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, Russia
| | - A I Strel'nikov
- Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, Russia
| | - K S Val'kov
- Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, Russia
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Dizier S, Forel JM, Ayzac L, Richard JC, Hraiech S, Lehingue S, Loundou A, Roch A, Guerin C, Papazian L. Early Hepatic Dysfunction Is Associated with a Worse Outcome in Patients Presenting with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the ACURASYS and PROSEVA Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144278. [PMID: 26636318 PMCID: PMC4670098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bilirubin is well-recognized marker of hepatic dysfunction in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Multiple organ failure often complicates acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) evolution and is associated with high mortality. The effect of early hepatic dysfunction on ARDS mortality has been poorly investigated. We evaluated the incidence and the prognostic significance of increased serum bilirubin levels in the initial phase of ARDS. Methods The data of 805 patients with ARDS were retrospectively analysed. This population was extracted from two recent multicenter, prospective and randomised trials. Patients presenting with ARDS with a ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen < 150 mmHg measured with a PEEP ≥ 5 cm of water were included. The total serum bilirubin was measured at inclusion and at days 2, 4, 7 and 14. The primary objective was to analyse the bilirubin at inclusion according to the 90-day mortality rate. Results The 90-day mortality rate was 33.8% (n = 272). The non-survivors were older, had higher Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and were more likely to have a medical diagnosis on admission than the survivors. At inclusion, the SOFA score without the liver score (10.3±2.9 vs. 9.0±3.0, p<0.0001) and the serum bilirubin levels (36.1±57.0 vs. 20.5±31.5 μmol/L, p<0.0001) were significantly higher in the non-survivors than in the survivors. Age, the hepatic SOFA score, the coagulation SOFA score, the arterial pH level, and the plateau pressure were independently associated with 90-day mortality in patients with ARDS. Conclusion Bilirubin used as a surrogate marker of hepatic dysfunction and measured early in the course of ARDS was associated with the 90-day mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dizier
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Réanimation des Détresses Respiratoires et des Infections Sévères, 13015, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Forel
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Réanimation des Détresses Respiratoires et des Infections Sévères, 13015, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Louis Ayzac
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Henri Gabrielle, CClin Sud Est, 69230, Saint Genis Aval, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Richard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Réanimation médicale et Surveillance Continue, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Sami Hraiech
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Réanimation des Détresses Respiratoires et des Infections Sévères, 13015, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Samuel Lehingue
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Réanimation des Détresses Respiratoires et des Infections Sévères, 13015, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Anderson Loundou
- Unité d'Aide Méthodologique à la Recherche clinique DRRC/AP-HM, Laboratoire de Santé Publique Faculté de Médecine, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Roch
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Réanimation des Détresses Respiratoires et des Infections Sévères, 13015, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Guerin
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Réanimation médicale et Surveillance Continue, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Papazian
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Réanimation des Détresses Respiratoires et des Infections Sévères, 13015, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de médecine, URMITE UMR CNRS 7278, 13005, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Approach to clinical syndrome of jaundice and encephalopathy in tropics. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:S116-30. [PMID: 26041951 PMCID: PMC4442860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of patients present with jaundice and encephalopathy in tropical country like India and acute liver failure is the usual cause. Clinical presentation like ALF is also a complication of many tropical infections, and these conditions may mimic ALF but may have subtle differences from ALF. Moreover, what hepatologists see as acute liver failure in tropics is different from what is commonly described in Western Textbooks. Paracetamol overdose, which is possibly the commonest cause of ALF in UK and USA, is hardly ever seen in India. Most common etiology here is viral hepatitis (hepatitis E > hepatitis B> hepatitis A). Apart from ALF, one may also come across subacute hepatic failure (SAHF) as well as acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) due to viral hepatitis. Interestingly, a host of other conditions can mimic ALF because clinical presentation in these conditions can be dominated by jaundice and encephalopathy. Malarial hepatopathy is possibly the best-known condition out of these and is not an uncommon manifestation of severe malaria. A similar presentation can also be seen in other common infections in tropics such as dengue fever, typhoid fever, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, amoebic liver abscesses, tuberculosis and other bacterial and fungal infections with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related disease. In many of these conditions, liver failure may not be underlying pathophysiology. Some pregnancy related liver diseases could also present with jaundice and encephalopathy. This review summarizes the commonly seen presentations in tropical country like India, where jaundice and encephalopathy dominate the clinical picture.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated cholestasis is a common problem in neonatal patients. However, there are limited data related to sepsis-associated cholestasis in adults. In this study, the authors assessed the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcome of adult patients with sepsis-associated cholestasis. METHODS An observational prospective single-center study was conducted. A total of 608 patients with sepsis (66 patients with cholestasis and 542 without evidence of cholestasis) from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2011, were included from the infectious disease unit. Demographic, clinical and laboratory information were recorded on admission for all patients. Additional data were also collected on the day of the 1st episode of bacteremia for patients who developed cholestasis. Accordingly, the organ dysfunction scores (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA]) were assessed on the same day. RESULTS The mean age of the 608 patients was 49.3 ± 11.4 years (range, 22-83 years); 312 (51.3%) patients were men, 296 (48.7%) were women. The mean APACHE II and SOFA score were 15.2 ± 6 and 5.6 ± 2.3, respectively. Sepsis-associated cholestasis was strongly associated with older age, biomarkers of organ dysfunction and clinical composite scores (APACHE II and SOFA). Mortality was higher in patients with sepsis-associated cholestasis (10.6%) compared with subjects with sepsis without cholestasis (1.5%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The authors found that sepsis-associated cholestasis affects the outcome of patients with sepsis in the infectious disease unit. Additional clinical studies are necessary to elucidate the pathology and pathophysiology of sepsis-associated cholestasis.
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Edwards L, Wanless IR. Mechanisms of liver involvement in systemic disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2013; 27:471-83. [PMID: 24090936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver may be injured during the course of many systemic diseases. The mechanisms of injury can be broadly divided into four pathways: vascular, toxic, immune, and hormonal. Vascular obstruction may be an early event but is also the late common pathway from all mechanisms. Despite the large number of possible initiating factors, the end results are few, including death of hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, leading to the stereotyped syndromes of acute liver failure, non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, or cirrhosis. This small number of outcomes is a reflection of the few anatomic patterns that can be generated by microvascular obstruction. Vascular obstruction may occur by thrombosis, inflammation, or congestive injury. The innate immunity pathway is activated by endotoxin and other agents, leading to inflammatory infiltration, release of cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and necrosis. The adaptive immune pathway involves the generation of antibodies and antigen-specific cell-mediated attack on hepatic cells. Hormonal effects are principally involved when overnutrition leads to hyperinsulinemia followed by hepatocellular necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Edwards
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Ling SC. 50 Years ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: jaundice associated with severe bacterial infection in young infants. J Pediatr 2013; 163:242. [PMID: 23796340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Ling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Systemic causes of cholestasis constitute a diverse group of diseases across organ systems. The pathophysiology of cholestasis in systemic disease can be a consequence of direct involvement of a disease process within the liver or extrahepatic biliary system or secondary to immune-mediated changes in bile flow. Evaluating a patient with cholestasis for a systemic cause requires an understanding of the patient's risk factors, clinical setting (eg, hospitalized or immunosuppressed patient), clinical features, and pattern of laboratory abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. deLemos
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lawrence S. Friedman
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA,Department of Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA 02462, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, 2014 Washington Street, Newton, MA 02462.
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Kobashi H, Toshimori J, Yamamoto K. Sepsis-associated liver injury: Incidence, classification and the clinical significance. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:255-66. [PMID: 22971102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2012.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although it is a common complication of sepsis, sepsis-associated liver injury has not been substantially recognized, because its diagnostic criteria and clinical implications are unclear. We aimed to elucidate the incidence, manifestation, disease type classification and prognosis of sepsis-associated liver injury. METHODS The subjects were 588 patients admitted to our hospital for sepsis between 2001 and 2010. They were classified into "normal liver function", "sepsis-associated liver injury" and "sepsis-not-associated liver injury" groups. Sepsis-associated liver injury was classified as either "cholestatic", "hepatocellular" or "shock liver." Each of these three subgroups was further classified into "with jaundice" or "without jaundice". The primary end-point was the "poor prognosis ratio", defined as the proportion of patients whose prognosis was "unchanged", "worsened" or "died". RESULTS Among the 449 subjects except for sepsis-not-associated liver injury (n = 139), the incidence of sepsis-associated liver injury was 34.7% (156/449), including 75 cholestatic (48.1%), 34 hepatocellular (21.8%) and 47 shock liver (30.1%) cases. Jaundice was a complication in 25 (33%), six (17.6%) and four (8.5%) patients in each group, respectively. The poor prognosis ratio was higher in males (37.5%) and in the elderly (47.7%); it was 48.0%, 38.2% and 62.8% in the cholestatic, hepatocellular and shock liver groups, respectively, and higher than the normal liver function (18.4%) group (P < 0.0001). It was also higher in patients with jaundice (68.6%) than in those without (45.5%) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Sepsis-associated liver injury, especially with jaundice, is a significant predictive sign of poor prognosis in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Kobashi
- Department of Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Oswari H, Widjaja RK, Rohsiswatmo R, Cleghorn G. Prognostic value of biochemical liver parameters in neonatal sepsis-associated cholestasis. J Paediatr Child Health 2013; 49:E6-11. [PMID: 23279060 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate the significance of total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) for predicting outcome in sepsis-associated cholestasis. METHODS A retrospective cohort review of the hospital records was performed in 181 neonates admitted to the Neonatal Care Unit. A comparison was performed between subjects with low and high liver values based on cut-off values from ROC analysis. We defined poor prognosis to be when a subject had prolonged cholestasis of more than 3.5 months, developed severe sepsis, septic shock or had a fatal outcome. RESULTS The majority of the subjects were male (56%), preterm (56%) and had early onset sepsis (73%). The poor prognosis group had lower initial values of GGT compared with the good prognosis group (P = 0.003). Serum GGT (cut-off value of 85.5 U/L) and AST (cut-off value of 51 U/L) showed significant correlation with the outcome following multivariate analysis. The odds ratio (OR) of low GGT and high AST were OR 4.3 (95% CI:1.6 to 11.8) and OR 2.9 (95% CI:1.1 to 8), respectively, for poor prognosis. In subjects with normal AST values, those with low GGT value had relative risk of 2.52 (95% CI:1.4 to 3.5) for poorer prognosis compared with those with normal or high GGT. CONCLUSION Serum GGT and AST values can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanifah Oswari
- Division of Gastrohepatology, Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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29
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Abstract
During sepsis, the liver plays a key role. It is implicated in the host response, participating in the clearance of the infectious agents/products. Sepsis also induces liver damage through hemodynamic alterations or through direct or indirect assault on the hepatocytes or through both. Accordingly, liver dysfunction induced by sepsis is recognized as one of the components that contribute to the severity of the disease. Nevertheless, the incidence of liver dysfunction remains imprecise, probably because current diagnostic tools are lacking, notably those that can detect the early liver insult. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, diagnostic tools, and impact on outcome as well as the pathophysiological aspects, including the cellular events and clinical picture leading to liver dysfunction. Finally, therapeutic considerations with regard to the weakness of the pertinent specific approach are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Nesseler
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation 1, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- INSERM UMR-S 991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Yoann Launey
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation 1, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- INSERM UMR-S 991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Aninat
- INSERM UMR-S 991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Morel
- INSERM UMR-S 991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Yannick Mallédant
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation 1, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- INSERM UMR-S 991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Seguin
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation 1, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- INSERM UMR-S 991, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, 2 avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35033 Rennes, France
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30
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Mesenteric panniculitis presenting as liver dysfunction. Clin J Gastroenterol 2011; 5:113-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-011-0281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu XR, Zheng XF, Ji SZ, Lv YH, Zheng DY, Xia ZF, Zhang WD. Metabolomic analysis of thermally injured and/or septic rats. Burns 2010; 36:992-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Leitner JM, Graninger W, Thalhammer F. Hepatotoxicity of antibacterials: Pathomechanisms and clinical. Infection 2010; 38:3-11. [PMID: 20107858 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-009-9179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a frequent cause of liver disease and acute liver failure, particularly in patients treated with multiple drugs. Several antibacterial drugs have the potential to cause severe liver injury and failure. This article aims to increase the awareness and understanding of drug induced liver injury (DILI) due to antibacterial drugs. It reviews the pattern of antibacterial DILI and provides details on molecular mechanisms and toxicogenomics, as well as clinical data based on epidemiology studies. Certain antibacterial drugs are more frequently linked to hepatotoxicity than others. Therefore, the hepatotoxic potential of tetracyclines,sulfonamides, tuberculostatic agents, macrolides, quinolones,and beta-lactams are discussed in more detail. Efforts to improve the early detection of DILI and the acquisition of high-quality epidemiological data are pivotal for increased patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Leitner
- Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Austria.
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Zhai R, Sheu CC, Su L, Gong MN, Tejera P, Chen F, Wang Z, Convery MP, Thompson BT, Christiani DC. Serum bilirubin levels on ICU admission are associated with ARDS development and mortality in sepsis. Thorax 2009; 64:784-90. [PMID: 19482841 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperbilirubinaemia is a common complication of sepsis. Elevated bilirubin may induce inflammation and apoptosis. It was hypothesised that increased serum bilirubin on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission contributes to sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS Serum bilirubin on ICU admission was measured in 1006 patients with sepsis. Serial serum bilirubin was analysed prospectively in patients with sepsis who had ARDS for a period of 28 days. The effects of clinical factors and variants of the UGT1A1 gene on serum bilirubin levels were determined. Outcomes were ARDS risk and mortality. RESULTS During 60-day follow-up, 326 patients with sepsis developed ARDS, of whom 144 died from ARDS. The hyperbilirubinaemia (>or=2.0 mg/dl) rate in patients with ARDS (22.4%) was higher than in those without ARDS (14.1%, p = 0.002). For each 1.0 mg/dl increase in admission bilirubin, ARDS risk and 28- and 60-day ARDS mortalities were increased by 7% (OR = 1.07; p = 0.003), 20% (OR = 1.20; p = 0.002) and 18% (OR = 1.18; p = 0.004), respectively. Compared with subjects with bilirubin levels <2.0 mg/dl, patients with hyperbilirubinaemia had higher risks of ARDS (OR = 2.12; p = 0.0007) and 28-day (OR = 2.24; p = 0.020) and 60-day ARDS mortalities (OR = 2.09; p = 0.020). In sepsis-related ARDS, serial bilirubin levels in non-survivors were consistently higher than in survivors (p<0.0001). Clinical variables explained 29.5% of the interindividual variation in bilirubin levels, whereas genetic variants of UGT1A1 contributed 7.5%. CONCLUSION In sepsis, a higher serum bilirubin level on ICU admission is associated with subsequent ARDS development and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhai
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bala L, Tripathi P, Bhatt G, Das K, Roy R, Choudhuri G, Khetrapal CL. (1)H and (31)P NMR studies indicate reduced bile constituents in patients with biliary obstruction and infection. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2009; 22:220-228. [PMID: 18837066 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction present with impairment of the normal bile flow, with jaundice and cholangitis as common complications. (1)H and (31)P NMR quantitative analysis of bile specimens from patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction (n = 80) (with/without jaundice and cholangitis separately and together) was carried out for the chief biliary constituents to determine the relationship between biliary constituents and jaundice (serum bilirubin concentration >or=1.0 mg/dL) and cholangitis (total leucocyte count >11,000 cells/mm(3) and/or fever >38.5 degrees C with/without bile culture positivity). Compared with controls (patients without jaundice and cholangitis), median indices of the chief biliary constituents (total bile acids, cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine and inorganic phosphate) were significantly suppressed in patients with cholangitis and/or jaundice. Quantities of total bile acids, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine correlated negatively with the quantity of bilirubin and with cholangitis, i.e. total leucocyte count. Suppression of biliary constituents correlated significantly with the severity of jaundice and cholangitis. The decrease in biliary constituents in the presence of jaundice and cholangitis is possibly the result of downregulation of the function of transporters located at the canalicular side of hepatocytes, leading to their suppressed indices in bile. This information may have implications in the examination of bile for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Bala
- Center of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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