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PCSK9 pathway-noncoding RNAs crosstalk: Emerging opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches in inflammatory atherosclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Possible effects of chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family on antiphospholipid syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1661-1668. [PMID: 33813507 PMCID: PMC8318642 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease defined by thrombotic or obstetrical events and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) is widely expressed in the immune system and may closely related to APS. This review aimed to systematically summarize the possible effects of CMTM on APS. Publications were collected from PubMed and Web of Science databases up to August 2020. CKLF, CKLFSF, CMTM, antiphospholipid syndrome, immune cells, and immune molecules were used as search criteria. Immune cells, including neutrophil, dendritic cells (DCs), T-cells, B-cells, and inflammatory cytokines, play an important role in the development of APS. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) has a chemotactic effect on many cells and can affect the expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules through the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MARK) pathway. CKLF1 can participate in the maturation of DCs, T lymphocyte activation, and the activation of neutrophils through the MAPK pathway. CMTM1 may act on Annexin A2 by regulating Ca2+ signaling. CMTM2 and CMTM6 are up-regulated in neutrophils of APS patients. Some CMTM family members influence the activation and accumulation of platelets. CMTM3 and CMTM7 are binding partners of B-cell linker protein (BLNK), thereby linking B cell receptor (BCR) and activating BLNK-mediated signal transduction in B cells. Moreover, CMTM3 and CMTM7 can act on DCs and B-1a cell development, respectively. CMTM may have potential effects on the development of APS by acting on immune cells and immune molecules. Thus, CMTM may act as a novel prognostic factor or immunomodulatory treatment option of APS.
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Paccosi S, Pala L, Cresci B, Silvano A, Cecchi M, Caporale R, Maria Rotella C, Parenti A. Insulin resistance and obesity affect monocyte-derived dendritic cell phenotype and function. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 170:108528. [PMID: 33157116 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent in women after menopause, which may be associated with obesity, insulin resistance and metaflammation. Despite the recognized role of immunological mechanisms in vascular remodeling, the role of dendritic cells (DCs) is still unclear. The aim was to characterize monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DC) in post-menopausal patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obese woman, without clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. METHODS Obese post-menopausal women with or without T2DM were enrolled and were compared to age-matched healthy women. DCs obtained from patients were phenotypically and functionally characterized by flow cytometry and mixed lymphocyte reaction. MRNA integrins expression was assessed by real time RT-PCR; circulating fetuin-A and adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Phenotypic dysregulation of Mo-DC reported was related to a defective allogenic lymphocyte stimulation and to an increased mRNA of CD11c, CD18 and DC-SIGN/CD209 which regulate their adhesion to vascular wall cells. Fetuin-A and adiponectin levels were significantly altered and negatively correlated. Hyperglycaemia significantly impaired CD14+ transdifferentiation into Mo-DC. CONCLUSIONS These data show a dysfunction of Mo-DCs obtained from precursors isolated from T2DM obese post-menopausal woman without any documented clinical CV event. Association of obesity to diabetes seems to worsen DC's phenotype and function and increase vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paccosi
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Pala
- Diabetology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Cresci
- Diabetology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Angela Silvano
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Cecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Caporale
- Cytofluorimetry and Immunotherapy Diagnostic Center, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Rotella
- Department of Biomedical Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Endocrine Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Cardiolipin in Immune Signaling and Cell Death. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:892-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Xu L, Geng T, Zang G, Bo L, Liang Y, Zhou H, Yan J. Exosome derived from CD137-modified endothelial cells regulates the Th17 responses in atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4659-4667. [PMID: 32149463 PMCID: PMC7176883 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of exosomes derived from endothelial cells (ECs) in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS) and inflammation remains largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate whether exosome derived from CD137‐modified ECs (CD137‐Exo) played a major role in AS and to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying the inflammatory effect. Exosomes derived from mouse brain microvascular ECs treated with agonist anti‐CD137 antibody were used to explore the effect of CD137 signalling in AS and inflammation in vitro and vivo. CD137‐Exo efficiently induced the progression of AS in ApoE−/− mice. CD137‐Exo increased the proportion of Th17 cells both in vitro and vivo. The IL‐6 contained in CD137‐Exo which is regulated by Akt and NF‐КB pathway was verified to activate Th17 cell differentiation. IL‐17 increased apoptosis, inhibited cell viability and improved lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in ECs subjected to inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule1 (sICAM‐1), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and E‐selectin in the supernatants of ECs after IL‐17 treatment was dramatically increased. CD137‐Exo promoted the progression of AS and Th17 cell differentiation via NF‐КB pathway mediated IL‐6 expression. This finding provided a potential method to prevent local and peripheral inflammation in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tianxin Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Bo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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The Role of Cardiolipin and Mitochondrial Damage in Kidney Transplant. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3836186. [PMID: 31885786 PMCID: PMC6899302 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3836186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly incident and prevalent in the world. The death of patients with CKD is primarily due to cardiovascular disease. Renal transplantation (RT) emerges as the best management alternative for patients with CKD. However, the incidence of acute renal graft dysfunction is 11.8% of the related living donor and 17.4% of the cadaveric donor. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAs) or antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) are important risk factors for acute renal graft dysfunction. The determination of ACA or APA to candidates for RT could serve as prognostic markers of early graft failure and would indicate which patients could benefit from anticoagulant therapy. Cardiolipin is a fundamental molecule that plays an important role in the adequate conformation of the mitochondrial cristae and the correct assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes and other proteins essential for proper mitochondrial function. Cardiolipin undergoes a nonrandom oxidation process by having pronounced specificity unrelated to the polyunsaturation pattern of its acyl groups. Accumulation of hydroxyl derivatives and cardiolipin hydroperoxides has been observed in the affected tissues, and recent studies showed that oxidation of cardiolipin is carried out by a cardiolipin-specific peroxidase activity of cardiolipin-bound cytochrome c. Cardiolipin could be responsible for the proapoptotic production of death signals. Cardiolipin modulates the production of energy and participates in inflammation, mitophagy, and cellular apoptosis. The determination of cardiolipin or its antibodies is an attractive therapeutic, diagnostic target in RT and kidney diseases.
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7
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Li X, Li X, Lin J, Sun X, Ding Q. Exosomes Derived From Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound-Treated Dendritic Cells Suppress Tumor Necrosis Factor-Induced Endothelial Inflammation. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:2081-2091. [PMID: 30561085 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial cell inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasonography (LIPUS) exerts an anti-inflammatory function on endothelial cells, whereas the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS Bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) derived from bone barrow cells were treated with LIPUS, and exosomes secreted into the supernatant were purified. The isolated exosomes were incubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate their effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial inflammation. Ultrastructure was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Messenger RNA levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS The isolated exosomes presented a typical exosomal size of 30 to 100 nm in diameter and expressed exosome positive markers (Alix, CD63, and TSG101) but not the exosome negative marker (Calnexin). Exosomes derived from LIPUS-treated BMDCs were rich in miR-16 and miR-21, which could be engulfed by HUVECs. Pretreatment with exosomes impeded TNFα-induced HUVEC activation and downregulated TNFα-stimulated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, thus preventing TNFα-induced activation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Exosomes derived from LIPUS-treated BMDC inhibit TNFα-induced endothelial inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Health Supervision Institute, Zoucheng Municipal Health Bureau, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuli Ding
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong, China
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8
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Haybar H, Rezaeeyan H, Shahjahani M, Shirzad R, Saki N. T‐bet transcription factor in cardiovascular disease: Attenuation or inflammation factor? J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7915-7922. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Mohammad Shahjahani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Reza Shirzad
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
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Mechanisms underlying immune tolerance caused by recombinant Echinococcus granulosus antigens Eg mMDH and Eg10 in dendritic cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204868. [PMID: 30261049 PMCID: PMC6160197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice immunized with recombinant Echinococcus granulosus antigens Eg10 and Eg mMDH do not show elevated resistance to E. granulosus infection but show aggravated infection instead. To gain a deeper insight in the immune tolerance mechanisms in mice immunized with Eg10 and Eg mMDH, this study simulated the immune tolerance process in vitro by culturing bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in the presence of Eg10 or Eg mMDH. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that Eg10- and Eg mMDH-treated DCs exhibited immature cell morphology, while addition of LPS to the cells induced changes in cell morphology and an increase in the number of cell-surface protrusions. This observation was consistent with the increased expression of the cell-surface molecules MHCII and CD80 in Eg10- and Eg mMDH-treated DCs pretreated with LPS. DCs exposed to the two antigens had a very weak ability to induce T-cell proliferation, but could promote the formation of Treg cells. Introduction of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, 1-methyl tryptopha (1-MT) enhanced the ability of the antigens to induce T cells and inhibited the induction of Treg cells. Eg mMDH-treated DCs showed a strong response to 1-MT: the DCs had high mRNA levels of IDO, IL-6, and IL-10, while 1-MT decreased the expression. In contrast, DCs treated with Eg10 did not show significant changes after 1-MT treatment. Eg mMDH inhibited DC maturation and promoted IDO expression, which, on the one hand, decreased the ability of DCs to induce T-cell proliferation, resulting in T-cell anergy, and on the other hand, induced the formation of Tregs, resulting in an immunosuppressive effect. In contrast, the escape mechanisms induced by Eg10 did not primarily depend on the IDO pathway and might involve other mechanisms that need to be further explored.
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10
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Carotid and femoral atherosclerosis in antiphospholipid syndrome: Equivalent risk with diabetes mellitus in a case–control study. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018; 47:883-889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Chronic diseases are defined diseases whose symptoms last for at least six months and tend to worsen over time. In Europe, they cause at least 86% of deaths. In this speculative unifying model I set a new hypothesis for the etiology of the majority of chronic diseases. The main aim is to put order and observe our organism in a systemic way, connecting pathologies we now see as disconnected phenomena, with the conceptual frameworks of complex systems and network medicine. Chronic diseases could be caused by a first unsolved acute infection. In case the pathogen cannot be completely eliminated, it becomes a persistent infectious. After the acute episode, some mild symptoms will occur and probably disappear; the chronic disease will remain latent over time. It will manifest even after years or decades, in the presence of another acute infection, a particular stress, trauma, or another event. The presence of the persistent infectious elicits changes in the immune and systemic regulation, and these processes degenerate over time. They will assume their rules and patterns, being independent from the initial stimulus. The key to understand the dynamics and individuality of chronic diseases is the immune system and its networks. The immune mechanisms that can lead to the persistent response are mainly the switch from the Th1 to the Th2 immunity and the molecular mimicry. The first persistent infectious will also modify the susceptibility to other pathogens, facilitating new infections and new consequent persistent infectious. From the immune point of view, our organism is divided into three compartments: the outer one, which comprehend all the surfaces in contact with the environment, the intermediate one, which comprehend the internal organs and tissues, and the innermost one, comprehending the Central Nervous System and the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule. The immune key-role is played respectively by the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, the endothelium, the blood-brain barrier and blood-testis barrier. The chronic diseases follow a progressive scheme, involving the three compartments from the outer to the innermost one. The primer microorganism at the origin of the majority of diseases could be streptococcus, or staphylococcus. Both cause acute in children, with a great variability of responses and symptoms, and both cause molecular mimicry. This model can be tested and proved in more ways, I propose here some of them. It could pave the way to a radical change in our comprehension and therapeutic approaches to chronic diseases.
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Harifi G, Nour-Eldine W, Noureldine MHA, Berjaoui MB, Kallas R, Khoury R, Uthman I, Al-Saleh J, Khamashta MA. Arterial stenosis in antiphospholipid syndrome: Update on the unrevealed mechanisms of an endothelial disease. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:256-266. [PMID: 29339317 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
First described in 1983, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by the occurrence of recurrent arterial and/or venous thrombosis, and/or pregnancy morbidity, in the setting of persistent presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). While thrombosis is the most well-known pathogenic mechanism in this disorder, the relevance of some other mechanisms such as arterial stenosis is being increasingly recognized. Arterial stenosis has been first described in the renal arteries in patients with APS, however intracranial and coeliac arteries can also be involved with various and treatable clinical manifestations. The underlying pathophysiology of this stenotic arterial vasculopathy is not fully understood but some recent studies revealed new insights into the molecular mechanism behind this endothelial cell activation in APS. In this review, we discuss these newly discovered mechanisms and highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of the APS related arterial stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghita Harifi
- Dr Humeira Badsha Rheumatology Center, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Wared Nour-Eldine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Mohammad Baker Berjaoui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Romy Kallas
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Khoury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imad Uthman
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jamal Al-Saleh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dubai Hospital, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munther A Khamashta
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dubai Hospital, United Arab Emirates
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Bu X, Peng H, Zhong C, Xu T, Xu T, Peng Y, Chen CS, Wang J, Ju Z, Li Q, Geng D, Sun Y, Zhang D, Zhang J, Chen J, Zhang Y, He J. Antiphosphatidylserine Antibodies and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:2742-2748. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.013827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (aPS) have been associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. However, it remains unclear whether aPS will influence clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Methods—
A total of 3013 patients with acute ischemic stroke recruited from 26 hospitals across China from August 2009 to May 2013 were included in the study The primary outcome was a combination of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 3 months after stroke. Secondary outcomes included death, major disability, recurrent stroke, and vascular events.
Results—
Composite outcome of death and major disability rates were 29.1% versus 23.9% in aPS-positive and aPS-negative groups. Compared with aPS-negative, adjusted odds ratios or hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) associated with aPS-positive were 1.35 (1.07–1.71), 1.63 (0.99–2.69), and 1.25 (0.98–1.59) for composite outcome of death or major disability, death, and major disability, respectively. For 1 interquartile range increase of aPS, the adjusted odds ratios or hazard ratios were 1.10 (1.01–1.20), 1.19 (1.05–1.35), and 1.05 (0.96–1.14), respectively. Adding aPS status to a model containing conventional risk factors improved risk prediction for composite outcome of death or major disability (net reclassification improvement index=11.3%,
P
=0.006; integrated discrimination improvement=0.2%,
P
=0.04). There was no significant association between aPS and risks of recurrent stroke and vascular events.
Conclusions—
We found that positive aPS increased risks of death or major disability at 3 months after an acute ischemic stroke, suggesting that aPS might be a prognostic marker for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Bu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Hao Peng
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Chongke Zhong
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Tan Xu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Tian Xu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Yanbo Peng
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Chung-Shiuan Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Jinchao Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Zhong Ju
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Qunwei Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Deqin Geng
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Yingxian Sun
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Jintao Zhang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Jing Chen
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
| | - Jiang He
- From the Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (X.B., H.P., C.Z., Tan Xu, Tian Xu, Y.Z.); Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (X.B., H.P., C.-S.C., J.C., J.H.); Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (Tian Xu); Department of
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Gao W, Liu H, Yuan J, Wu C, Huang D, Ma Y, Zhu J, Ma L, Guo J, Shi H, Zou Y, Ge J. Exosomes derived from mature dendritic cells increase endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis via membrane TNF-α mediated NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2318-2327. [PMID: 27515767 PMCID: PMC5134386 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether dendritic cell (DC) derived exosomes play a role in the progression of endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis remains unclear. Using a transwell system and exosome release inhibitor GW4869, we demonstrated that mature DCs contributed to endothelial inflammation and exosomes were involved in the process. To further confirm this finding, we isolated exosomes from bone marrow dendritic cell (BMDC) culture medium (named DC‐exos) and stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) with these DC‐exos. We observed that mature DC‐exos increased HUVEC inflammation through NF‐κB pathway in a manner similar to that of lipopolysaccharide. After a protein array analysis of exosomes, we identified and confirmed tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α on exosome membrane being the trigger of NF‐κB pathway in HUVECs. We then performed an in vivo study and found that the aorta endothelial of mice could uptake intravenously injected exosomes and was activated by these exosomes. After a period of 12 weeks of mature DC‐exos injection into ApoE−/− mice, the atherosclerotic lesions significantly increased. Our study demonstrates that mature DCs derived exosomes increase endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis via membrane TNF‐α mediated NF‐κB pathway. This finding extends our knowledge on how DCs affect inflammation and provides a potential method to prevent endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoneng Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanji Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbing Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongtao Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Known unknowns of cardiolipin signaling: The best is yet to come. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:8-24. [PMID: 27498292 PMCID: PMC5323096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery 75years ago, a wealth of knowledge has accumulated on the role of cardiolipin, the hallmark phospholipid of mitochondria, in bioenergetics and particularly on the structural organization of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A surge of interest in this anionic doubly-charged tetra-acylated lipid found in both prokaryotes and mitochondria has emerged based on its newly discovered signaling functions. Cardiolipin displays organ, tissue, cellular and transmembrane distribution asymmetries. A collapse of the membrane asymmetry represents a pro-mitophageal mechanism whereby externalized cardiolipin acts as an "eat-me" signal. Oxidation of cardiolipin's polyunsaturated acyl chains - catalyzed by cardiolipin complexes with cytochrome c. - is a pro-apoptotic signal. The messaging functions of myriads of cardiolipin species and their oxidation products are now being recognized as important intracellular and extracellular signals for innate and adaptive immune systems. This newly developing field of research exploring cardiolipin signaling is the main subject of this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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16
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Abstract
During apoptosis or activation, cells can release a subcellular structure, called a membrane microvesicle (also known as microparticle) into the extracellular environment. Microvesicles bud-off as a portion of cell membrane with its associated proteins and lipids surrounding a cytosolic core that contains intracellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, siRNA, microRNA, lncRNA). Biologically active molecules on the microvesicle surface and encapsulated within can act on recipient cells as a novel mode of intercellular communication. Apoptosis has long been known to be involved in the development of diseases of autoimmunity. Abnormally persistent microvesicles, particularly apoptotic microvesicles, can accelerate autoimmune responses locally in specific organs and tissues as well as systemically. In this review, we focus on studies implicating microvesicles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and their complications.
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Proinflammatory proteins in female and male patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome: preliminary data. Clin Rheumatol 2016; 35:2477-83. [PMID: 27370963 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-016-3345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The latest classification criteria for the diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS, an autoimmune disease characterized by thromboses, miscarriages and presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (Abs)) emphasized that thrombotic manifestations of APS should be without any signs of an inflammatory process. However, atherosclerosis (a chronic inflammatory response to the accumulation of lipoproteins in the walls of arteries) and APS are characterized by some similar features. We evaluated whether proinflammatory proteins were associated with the features of the primary APS (PAPS). PAPS patients without obstetric complications and with impaired lipid profile were included in the study. Antiphospholipid antibodies, TNF-alpha, and apo(a) were determined by ELISA. Complement components and hsCRP were measured by immunonephelometry. Decreased C3c was observed in female patients with increased titers of IgG anti-β2gpI (χ(2) = 3.939, P = 0.047) and in male patients with increased IgM anticardiolipin Abs (χ(2) = 4.286, P = 0.038). Pulmonary emboli were associated with interleukin (IL)-6 in male (χ(2) = 6.519, P = 0.011) and in female (χ(2) = 10.405, P = 0.001) patients. Cerebrovascular insults were associated with LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.05, 95 % CI: 1.003 - 12.739) in female and with apo(a) (P = 0.016, 95 % CI: 0.000-0.003) in male patients. Older female patients had increased LDL-cholesterol levels and frequency of myocardial infarctions. Proinflammatory proteins were associated with features of primary APS. No real gender differences in regard to proinflammatory protein levels were observed. Premenopausal state of female PAPS patients confers lower cardiovascular risk.
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18
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Patsouras MD, Sikara MP, Grika EP, Moutsopoulos HM, Tzioufas AG, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG. Elevated expression of platelet-derived chemokines in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. J Autoimmun 2015; 65:30-7. [PMID: 26283469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelet factor 4 tetramers (CXCL4 chemokine) form complexes with β2glycoprotein I (β2GPI), recognized by anti-β2GPI antibodies leading to platelet activation in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), either primary (PAPS) or secondary (SAPS). Increased plasma levels of CXCL4 may favor this process; therefore we measured plasma levels of CXCL4, a CXCL4 variant (CXCL4L1) and as controls, platelet-derived chemokines CXCL7 (NAP-2) and CCL5 (RANTES), in APS, and disease controls such as patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) coronary artery disease (CAD) and healthy donors (HDs). METHODS Plasma samples and platelets were isolated from patients with APS (n = 87), SLE (n = 29), CAD (n = 14) and 54 HDs. Plasma levels of CXCL4, CXCL4L1, CXCL7 and CCL5 as well as intracellular platelet CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 were measured using ELISA. Platelet CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 RNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS CXCL4, CXCL7 (NAP-2) and CCL5 (RANTES) plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with APS compared to both control groups (SLE, CAD) and HDs. CXCL4L1 plasma levels were also significantly higher in APS than in SLE and HDs, but lower from that of CAD patients. Statistically significant concordance was detected between CXCL4 and CXCL7 (p < 0.0001) or CCL5 (p < 0.0001) plasma levels in patients with APS, either PAPS or SAPS. CXCL4L1 plasma levels were inversely correlated with CXCL4 (P = 0.0027), CXCL7 (p = 0.012) and CCL5 (p = 0.023) in PAPS and positively with CXCL4 (p = 0.0191), CCL5 (p < 0.0001) and CXCL7 (P < 0.0001), in SAPS. Levels of CXCL4, CXCL4L1, CXCL7 and CCL5 were divided in "high" (exceeding a level defined as the mean of HDs and 3 SD) and "low" (below this level); The "CXCL4L1 high" group was characterized by increased IgG aCL, (p = 0.0215), double antibody positivity (either aCL or anti-β2GPI plus LA), (p = 0.0277), triple antibody positivity (aCL plus anti-β2GPI plus LA), (p = 0.0073) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.0061), as well as with at least 1 thrombotic event or the last 5 years (p = 0.0001), or more than 3 thrombotic events ever (p = 0.0151). CONCLUSIONS Chemokines associated with platelet activation and immune cell chemotaxis were found to be elevated in APS patients' plasma and may contribute to the pathogenesis of the syndrome. High CXCL4L1 plasma levels are associated with the clinical expression of APS and should be prospectively evaluated as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos D Patsouras
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina P Sikara
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria P Grika
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Chistiakov DA, Bobryshev YV, Kozarov E, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Role of gut microbiota in the modulation of atherosclerosis-associated immune response. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:671. [PMID: 26175728 PMCID: PMC4485310 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and metabolic abnormalities are linked to each other. At present, pathogenic inflammatory response was recognized as a major player in metabolic diseases. In humans, intestinal microflora could significantly influence the development of metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis. Commensal bacteria were shown to activate inflammatory pathways through altering lipid metabolism in adipocytes, macrophages, and vascular cells, inducing insulin resistance, and producing trimethylamine-N-oxide. However, gut microbiota could also play the atheroprotective role associated with anthocyanin metabolism and administration of probiotics and their components. Here, we review the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children’s Health, MoscowRussia
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program, Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FLUSA
| | - Yuri V. Bobryshev
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, MoscowRussia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSWAustralia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSWAustralia
| | - Emil Kozarov
- Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NYUSA
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, MoscowRussia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, MoscowRussia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, MoscowRussia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovation Center, MoscowRussia
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, MoscowRussia
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20
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Intima-media thickness in secondary anti-phospholipid syndrome patients: Impact of disease activity. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Varela C, de Haro J, Bleda S, Rodriguez-Padilla J, Ferruelo A, Acín F. Circulating anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies of peripheral arterial disease patients trigger a genomic overexpression of Toll-like receptor 4 in endothelial cells. J Vasc Surg 2015; 61:1041-9.e1. [PMID: 24472415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating anti-β2-glycoprotein I (ABGPI) antibodies are associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and induce the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines by endothelial cells. Our aim is to study a transcriptional activation pathway of the innate immune system through the cellular signalling cascade triggered by receptors Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of endothelial cells after the exposure of these cells to seropositive ABGPI human serum obtained from PAD patients. METHODS We obtained serum samples from PAD patients and controls without PAD. ABGPI serum titer was detected using indirect immunofluorescence. Our sample was stratified into three groups: group I (PAD and ABGPI titer ≥1:100; n = 15), group II (PAD and ABGPI titer <1:100; n = 15), and control participants (no PAD; n = 15). All serum samples were incubated with human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) culture. Genomic expression of TLR2 and TLR4 receptors and their shared intracellular signalling molecules, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase (1IRAK1), were measured after the exposure of HAECs to each serum. RESULTS HAEC genomic expression of TLR4 was higher after the exposure to group I serum than after the exposure to group II serum (log10×10-relative quantification [RQ]: 1.80 ± 0.42 vs 1.37 ± 0.39; P = .01) or control serum (log10×10-RQ: 1.80 ± 0.42 vs 1.09 ± 0.26; P < .01). TLR4 expression was higher in group II than in the control group (log10×10-RQ: 1.37 ± 0.39 vs 1.09 ± 0.26; P = .04). TLR4 expression correlated with MyD88 (r = 0.54; P < .01) and IRAK1 (r = 0.55; P < .01) expression. We recorded a positive correlation between MyD88 and IRAK1 genomic expression (r = 0.58; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that serum from PAD patients with elevated ABGPI antibodies induces a genomic overexpression of TLR4 and its cellular signalling molecules in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Varela
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquin de Haro
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Bleda
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Ferruelo
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Acín
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Lerner A, Blank M. Hypercoagulability in celiac disease--an update. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:1138-41. [PMID: 25149392 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease is a life-long autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs of genetically susceptible individuals. One of the extra intestinal manifestations of the disease is thromboembolic events like strokes, veins' thrombosis, and pregnancy losses. Hypercoagulable autoimmune diseases like lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome, associated with celiac disease just add risk to the patients. Pathogenic predisposing avenues increasing the hypercoagulability in celiac disease are multiple: nutritional deficiencies (B12, folate, and vitamin K), genetic predisposition (MTHFR mutations), thrombophilic autoantibodies, hyperhomocysinemia, endothelial dysfunction and platelet abnormalities. Primary pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis or treating the predisposing factors should be considered on a personal basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Carmel Medical Center, B. Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel institute of Technology, Haifa 34362, Israel.
| | - Miri Blank
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Ashomer 52621, Israel
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Staub HL, Dal Ben ERR, Bauer ME. The antiphospholipid syndrome and Tregs. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:697-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Circulating anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies are associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and high nitrite plasma levels in patients with intermittent claudication. Int J Inflam 2013; 2013:268079. [PMID: 24222887 PMCID: PMC3810519 DOI: 10.1155/2013/268079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim is to investigate a possible association of circulating anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (ABGPI) with the endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide bioactivity dysregulation, and the inflammatory status that surrounds peripheral arterial disease. We carried out an observational translational study, including 50 male patients with intermittent claudication and a healthy control group of 10 male subjects, age and sex matched with the cases. Flow-mediated arterial dilatation (FMAD) was assessed as a surrogate of endothelial dysfunction, and C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was determined as a marker of inflammation. Nitrite plasma levels were measured by colorimetric analysis. Circulating ABGPI titer was detected with indirect immunofluorescence. Titers <1 : 10 represented the reference range and the lower detection limit of the test. Circulating ABGPI titer ≥1 : 10 was detected in 21 (42%) patients and in none of the control subjects (P < 0.01). Patients with ABGPI titer ≥1 : 10 had a lower FMAD (P = 0.01). The CRP levels were higher in patients with ABGPI titer ≥1 : 10 (P = 0.04). The nitrite plasma levels were higher in patients with ABGPI titer ≥1 : 10 (P < 0.01). These data suggest that these circulating ABGPI may collaborate in the development of atherosclerosis; however, further prospective studies are required to establish a causal relationship.
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Dendritic cells: cellular mediators for immunological tolerance. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:972865. [PMID: 23762100 PMCID: PMC3671285 DOI: 10.1155/2013/972865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In general, immunological tolerance is acquired upon treatment with non-specific immunosuppressive drugs. This indiscriminate immunosuppression of the patient often causes serious side-effects, such as opportunistic infectious diseases. Therefore, the need for antigen-specific modulation of pathogenic immune responses is of crucial importance in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this perspective, dendritic cells (DCs) can have an important immune-regulatory function, besides their notorious antigen-presenting capacity. DCs appear to be essential for both central and peripheral tolerance. In the thymus, DCs are involved in clonal deletion of autoreactive immature T cells by presenting self-antigens. Additionally, tolerance is achieved by their interactions with T cells in the periphery and subsequent induction of T cell anergy, T cell deletion, and induction of regulatory T cells (Treg). Various studies have described, modulation of DC characteristics with the purpose to induce antigen-specific tolerance in autoimmune diseases, graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), and transplantations. Promising results in animal models have prompted researchers to initiate first-in-men clinical trials. The purpose of current review is to provide an overview of the role of DCs in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmunity, as well as recent concepts of dendritic cell-based therapeutic opportunities in autoimmune diseases.
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