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Ebright B, Yu Z, Dave P, Dikeman D, Hamm-Alvarez S, de Paiva CS, Louie S. Effects of age on lacrimal gland bioactive lipids. Ocul Surf 2024; 33:64-73. [PMID: 38705236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a source of bioactive lipids regulating inflammation and its resolution. METHODS Changes in PUFA metabolism were compared between lacrimal glands (LGs) from young and aged C57BL/6 J mice using a targeted lipidomics assay, as was the gene expression of enzymes involved in the metabolism of these lipids. RESULTS Global reduction in PUFAs and their metabolites was observed in aged LGs compared to young controls, averaging between 25 and 66 % across all analytes. ꞷ-6 arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites were all reduced in aged LGs, where the changes in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) were statistically significant. Several other 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) mediated metabolites were significantly reduced in the aged LGs, including D-series resolvins (e.g., RvD4, RvD5, and RvD6). Along with the RvDs, several ꞷ-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) metabolites such as 14-HDHA, neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), Maresin 2 (MaR2), and MaR 1 metabolite (22-COOH-MaR1) were significantly reduced in aged LGs. Similarly, ꞷ-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its metabolites were significantly reduced in aged LGs, where the most significantly reduced was 18-HEPE. Using metabolite ratios (product:precursor) for specific metabolic conversions as surrogate enzymatic measures, reduced 12-LOX activity was identified in aged LGs. CONCLUSION In this study, global reduction of PUFAs and their metabolites was found in the LGs of aged female C57BL/6 J compared to young controls. A consistent reduction was observed across all detected lipid analytes except for ꞷ-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and its special pro-resolving mediator (SPM) metabolites in aged mice, suggesting an increased risk for LG inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Ebright
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 90089-9121, USA.
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Priyal Dave
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 90089-9121, USA.
| | - Dante Dikeman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 90089-9121, USA.
| | - Sarah Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stan Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Alfred Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States, 90089-9121, USA.
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Choi M, Toscano C, Edman MC, de Paiva CS, Hamm-Alvarez SF. The Aging Lacrimal Gland of Female C57BL/6J Mice Exhibits Multinucleate Macrophage Infiltration Associated With Lipid Dysregulation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:1. [PMID: 38829671 PMCID: PMC11156205 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Loss of function of the lacrimal gland (LG), which produces the aqueous tear film, is implicated in age-related dry eye. To better understand this deterioration, we evaluated changes in lipid metabolism and inflammation in LGs from an aging model. Methods LG sections from female C57BL/6J mice of different ages (young, 2-3 months; intermediate, 10-14 months; old, ≥24 months) were stained with Oil Red-O or Toluidine blue to detect lipids. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis and western blotting of LG lysates determined differences in the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism. A photobleaching protocol to quench age-related autofluorescence was used in LG sections to evaluate changes in immunofluorescence associated with NPC1, NPC2, CTSL, and macrophages (F4/80, CD11b) with age using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results Old LGs showed increased lipids prominent in basal aggregates in acinar cells and in extra-acinar sites. LG gene expression of Npc1, Npc2, Lipa, and Mcoln2, encoding proteins involved in lipid metabolism, was increased with age. NPC1 was also significantly increased in old LGs by western blotting. In photobleached LG sections, confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging of NPC1, NPC2, and CTSL immunofluorescence showed age-associated enrichment in macrophages labeled to detect F4/80. Although mononuclear macrophages were detectable in LG at all ages, this novel multinucleate macrophage population containing NPC1, NPC2, and CTSL and enriched in F4/80 and some CD11b was increased with age at extra-acinar sites. Conclusions Lipid-metabolizing proteins enriched in F4/80-positive multinucleated macrophages are increased in old LGs adjacent to sites of lipid deposition in acini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchang Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cindy Toscano
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Maria C. Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Tissue fibroblasts are versatile immune regulators: An evaluation of their impact on the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102296. [PMID: 38588867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are abundant stromal cells which not only control the integrity of extracellular matrix (ECM) but also act as immune regulators. It is known that the structural cells within tissues can establish an organ-specific immunity expressing many immune-related genes and closely interact with immune cells. In fact, fibroblasts can modify their immune properties to display both pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities in a context-dependent manner. After acute insults, fibroblasts promote tissue inflammation although they concurrently recruit immunosuppressive cells to enhance the resolution of inflammation. In chronic pathological states, tissue fibroblasts, especially senescent fibroblasts, can display many pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and stimulate the activities of different immunosuppressive cells. In return, immunosuppressive cells, such as M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), evoke an excessive conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, thus aggravating the severity of tissue fibrosis. Single-cell transcriptome studies on fibroblasts isolated from aged tissues have confirmed that tissue fibroblasts express many genes coding for cytokines, chemokines, and complement factors, whereas they lose some fibrogenic properties. The versatile immune properties of fibroblasts and their close cooperation with immune cells indicate that tissue fibroblasts have a crucial role in the aging process and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, KYS FI-70029, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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Abu-Romman A, Scholand KK, Govindarajan G, Yu Z, Pal-Ghosh S, Stepp MA, de Paiva CS. Age-Related Differences in the Mouse Corneal Epithelial Transcriptome and Their Impact on Corneal Wound Healing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:21. [PMID: 38739085 PMCID: PMC11098051 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.5.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aging is a risk factor for dry eye. We sought to identify changes in the aged mouse corneal epithelial transcriptome and determine how age affects corneal sensitivity, re-epithelialization, and barrier reformation after corneal debridement. Methods Corneal epithelium of female C57BL/6J (B6) mice of different ages (2, 12, 18, and 24 months) was collected, RNA extracted, and bulk RNA sequencing performed. Cornea sensitivity was measured with an esthesiometer in 2- to 3-month-old, 12- to 13-month-old, 18- to 19-month-old, and 22- to 25-month-old female and male mice. The 2-month-old and 18-month-old female and male mice underwent unilateral corneal debridement using a blunt blade. Wound size and fluorescein staining were visualized and photographed at different time points, and a re-epithelialization rate curve was calculated. Results There were 157 differentially expressed genes in aged mice compared with young mice. Several pathways downregulated with age control cell migration, proteoglycan synthesis, and collagen trimerization, assembly, biosynthesis, and degradation. Male mice had decreased corneal sensitivity compared with female mice at 12 and 24 months of age. Aged mice, irrespective of sex, had delayed corneal re-epithelialization in the first 48 hours and worse corneal fluorescein staining intensity at day 14 than young mice. Conclusions Aged corneal epithelium has an altered transcriptome. Aged mice regardless of sex heal more slowly and displayed more signs of corneal epithelial defects after wounding than young mice. These results indicate that aging significantly alters the corneal epithelium and its ability to coordinate healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmar Abu-Romman
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kaitlin K. Scholand
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Gowthaman Govindarajan
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mary A. Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States
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Bagavant H, Durslewicz J, Pyclik M, Makuch M, Papinska JA, Deshmukh US. Age-associated B cell infiltration in salivary glands represents a hallmark of Sjögren's-like disease in aging mice. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01159-3. [PMID: 38656650 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD), characterized by circulating autoantibodies and exocrine gland inflammation, is typically diagnosed in women over 50 years of age. However, the contribution of age to SjD pathogenesis is unclear. C57BL/6 female mice at different ages were studied to investigate how aging influences the dynamics of salivary gland inflammation. Salivary glands were characterized for immune cell infiltration, inflammatory gene expression, and saliva production. At 8 months, gene expression of several chemokines involved in immune cell trafficking was significantly elevated. At this age, age-associated B cells (ABCs), a unique subset of B cells expressing the myeloid markers CD11b and/or CD11c, were preferentially enriched in the salivary glands compared to other organs like the spleen or liver. The salivary gland ABCs increased with age and positively correlated with increased CD4 T follicular helper cells. By 14 months, lymphocytic foci of well-organized T and B cells spontaneously developed in the salivary glands. In addition, the mice progressively developed high titers of serum autoantibodies. A subset of aged mice developed salivary gland dysfunction mimicking SjD patients. Our data demonstrates that aging is a significant confounding factor for SjD. Thus, aged female C57BL/6 mice are more appropriate and a valuable preclinical model for investigating SjD pathogenesis and novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Bagavant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Justyna Durslewicz
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Marcelina Pyclik
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Magdalena Makuch
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Joanna A Papinska
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Umesh S Deshmukh
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Bagavant H, Durslewicz J, Pyclik M, Makuch M, Papinska JA, Deshmukh US. Age-associated B cell infiltration in salivary glands represents a hallmark of Sjögren's-like disease in aging mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580185. [PMID: 38405963 PMCID: PMC10888762 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD), characterized by circulating autoantibodies and exocrine gland inflammation, is typically diagnosed in women over 50 years of age. However, the contribution of age to SjD pathogenesis is unclear. C57BL/6 female mice at different ages were studied to investigate how aging influences the dynamics of salivary gland inflammation. Salivary glands were characterized for immune cell infiltration, inflammatory gene expression, oxidative stress, and saliva production. At 8 months, gene expression of several chemokines involved in immune cell trafficking was significantly elevated. At this age, Age-associated B cells (ABCs), a unique subset of B cells expressing the myeloid markers CD11b and/or CD11c, were preferentially enriched in the salivary glands compared to other organs like the spleen or liver. The salivary gland ABCs increased with age and positively correlated with increased CD4 T follicular helper cells. By 14 months, lymphocytic foci of well-organized T and B cells spontaneously developed in the salivary glands. In addition, the mice progressively developed high titers of serum autoantibodies. A subset of aged mice developed salivary gland dysfunction mimicking SjD patients. Our data demonstrates that aging is a significant confounding factor for SjD. Thus, aged female C57BL/6 mice are more appropriate and a valuable preclinical model for investigating SjD pathogenesis and novel therapeutic interventions.
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7
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Mauduit O, Delcroix V, Wong A, Ivanova A, Miles L, Lee HS, Makarenkova H. A closer look into the cellular and molecular biology of myoepithelial cells across various exocrine glands. Ocul Surf 2024; 31:63-80. [PMID: 38141817 PMCID: PMC10855576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Myoepithelial cells (MECs) are a unique subset of epithelial cells that possess several smooth muscle cell characteristics, such as a high number of actin-myosin filaments and the ability to contract. These cells are primarily located around the secretory cells of exocrine glands, including the salivary, mammary, lacrimal, and sweat glands. Their primary functions involve the construction of the basement membrane and help with secretion of gland products through contraction. So far, no comparative analysis of MECs in different exocrine glands had ever evaluated their differences. In this review, we took advantage of the various publicly available scRNAseq data from mouse exocrine glands to identify their shared and unique characteristics. The aim of this review is to compare the role of MECs in maintaining healthy glandular function, their involvement in disease states, and their regenerative capacity, with a particular emphasis on the latest research findings in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mauduit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Vanessa Delcroix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Wong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anastasiia Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lindsey Miles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Helen Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Rattner A, Heng JS, Winer BL, Goff LA, Nathans J. Normal and Sjogren's syndrome models of the murine lacrimal gland studied at single-cell resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311983120. [PMID: 37812717 PMCID: PMC10589653 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311983120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The lacrimal gland is of central interest in ophthalmology both as the source of the aqueous component of tear fluid and as the site of autoimmune pathology in the context of Sjogren's syndrome (SjS). To provide a foundational description of mouse lacrimal gland cell types and their patterns of gene expression, we have analyzed single-cell transcriptomes from wild-type (Balb/c) mice and from two genetically based SjS models, MRL/lpr and NOD (nonobese diabetic).H2b, and defined the localization of multiple cell-type-specific protein and mRNA markers. This analysis has uncovered a previously undescribed cell type, Car6+ cells, which are located at the junction of the acini and the connecting ducts. More than a dozen secreted polypeptides that are likely to be components of tear fluid are expressed by acinar cells and show pronounced sex differences in expression. Additional examples of gene expression heterogeneity within a single cell type were identified, including a gradient of Claudin4 along the length of the ductal system and cell-to-cell heterogeneity in transcription factor expression within acinar and myoepithelial cells. The patterns of expression of channels, transporters, and pumps in acinar, Car6+, and ductal cells make strong predictions regarding the mechanisms of water and electrolyte secretion. In MRL/lpr and NOD.H2b lacrimal glands, distinctive changes in parenchymal gene expression and in immune cell subsets reveal widespread interferon responses, a T cell-dominated infiltrate in the MRL/lpr model, and a mixed B cell and T cell infiltrate in the NOD.H2b model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rattner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- HHMI, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Jacob S. Heng
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Briana L. Winer
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Loyal A. Goff
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Kavli Neurodiscovery Institute, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- HHMI, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, MD21205
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Kelagere Y, Scholand KK, DeJong EN, Boyd AI, Yu Z, Astley RA, Callegan MC, Bowdish DM, Makarenkova HP, de Paiva CS. TNF is a critical cytokine in age-related dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:119-128. [PMID: 37634571 PMCID: PMC10812879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process that is characterized by low-grade inflammation, called inflammaging. Aging affects multiple organs including eye and lacrimal gland. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that participates in inflammation, activation of proteases such as cathepsin S, and formation of ectopic lymphoid organs. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we investigated the role of TNF in age-related dry eye disease, emphasizing the ocular surface and lacrimal gland inflammation. Our results show the increased protein and mRNA levels of TNF in aged lacrimal glands, accompanied by increased TNF, IL1β, IL-18, CCL5, CXCL1, IL-2, IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25), IFN-γ, IL-12p40, IL-17, and IL-10 proteins in tears of aged mice. Moreover, genetic loss of the Tnf-/- in mice decreased goblet cell loss and the development of ectopic lymphoid structures in the lacrimal gland compared to wild-type mice. This was accompanied by a decrease in cytokine production. Treatment of mice at an early stage of aging (12-14-month-old) with TNF inhibitor tanfanercept eye drops for eight consecutive weeks decreased cytokine levels in tears, improved goblet cell density, and decreased the marginal zone B cell frequency in the lacrimal gland compared to vehicle-treated animals. Our studies indicate that modulation of TNF during aging could be a novel strategy for age-related dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashaswini Kelagere
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Kaitlin K Scholand
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Erica N DeJong
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Andrea I Boyd
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, USA.
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Roger A Astley
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Dawn Me Bowdish
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Helen P Makarenkova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Abu-Romman A, Scholand KK, Pal-Ghosh S, Yu Z, Kelagere Y, Yazdanpanah G, Kao WWY, Coulson-Thomas VJ, Stepp MA, de Paiva CS. Conditional deletion of CD25 in the corneal epithelium reveals sex differences in barrier disruption. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:57-72. [PMID: 37516317 PMCID: PMC10812880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE IL-2 promotes activation, clonal expansion, and deletion of T cells. IL-2 signals through its heterotrimeric receptor (IL-2R) consisting of the CD25, CD122 and CD132 chains. CD25 knockout (KO) mice develop Sjögren Syndrome-like disease. This study investigates whether corneal CD25/IL-2 signaling is critical for ocular health. METHODS Eyes from C57BL/6 mice were collected and prepared for immunostaining or in-situ hybridization. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on the corneal epithelium from wild-type and CD25KO mice. We generated a conditional corneal-specific deletion of CD25 in the corneal epithelium (CD25Δ/ΔCEpi). Corneal barrier function was evaluated based on the uptake of a fluorescent dye. Mice were subjected to unilateral corneal debridement, followed by epithelial closure over time. RESULTS In C57BL/6 mice, CD25 mRNA was expressed in ocular tissues. Protein expression of CD25, CD122, and CD132 was confirmed in the corneal epithelium. Delayed corneal re-epithelization was seen in female but not male CD25KO mice. There were 771 differentially expressed genes in the corneal epithelium of CD25KO compared to wild-type mice. While barrier function is disrupted in CD25Δ/ΔCEpi mice, re-epithelialization rates are not delayed. CONCLUSIONS All three chains of the IL-2R are expressed in the corneal epithelium. Our results indicate for the first time, deleting CD25 systemically in all tissues in the mouse and deleting CD25 locally in just the corneal epithelium compromises corneal epithelial barrier function, leading to dry eye disease in female mice. Future studies are needed to delineate the pathways used by IL-2 signaling to influence cornea homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmar Abu-Romman
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Kaitlin K Scholand
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Yashaswini Kelagere
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Winston W-Y Kao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | | | - Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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Trujillo-Vargas CM, de Paiva CS. Our search of immune invaders in the aged lacrimal gland. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7338-7339. [PMID: 37579224 PMCID: PMC10457069 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Galletti JG, Scholand KK, Trujillo-Vargas CM, Haap W, Santos-Ferreira T, Ullmer C, Yu Z, de Paiva CS. Effects of Cathepsin S Inhibition in the Age-Related Dry Eye Phenotype. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:7. [PMID: 37540176 PMCID: PMC10414132 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aged C57BL/6J (B6) mice have increased levels of cathepsin S, and aged cathepsin S (Ctss-/-) knockout mice are resistant to age-related dry eye. This study investigated the effects of cathepsin S inhibition on age-related dry eye disease. Methods Female B6 mice aged 15.5 to 17 months were randomized to receive a medicated diet formulated by mixing the RO5461111 cathepsin S inhibitor or a standard diet for at least 12 weeks. Cornea mechanosensitivity was measured with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Ocular draining lymph nodes and lacrimal glands (LGs) were excised and prepared for histology or assayed by flow cytometry to quantify infiltrating immune cells. The inflammatory foci (>50 cells) were counted under a 10× microscope lens and quantified using the focus score. Goblet cell density was investigated in periodic acid-Schiff stained sections. Ctss-/- mice were compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Results Aged mice subjected to cathepsin S inhibition or Ctss-/- mice showed improved conjunctival goblet cell density and cornea mechanosensitivity. There was no change in total LG focus score in the diet or Ctss-/- mice, but there was a lower frequency of CD4+IFN-γ+ cell infiltration in the LGs. Furthermore, aged Ctss-/- LGs had an increase in T central memory, higher numbers of CD19+B220-, and fewer CD19+B220+ cells than wild-type LGs. Conclusions Our results indicate that therapies aimed at decreasing cathepsin S can ameliorate age-related dry eye disease with a highly beneficial impact on the ocular surface. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of cathepsin S during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias G. Galletti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kaitlin K. Scholand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Wolfgang Haap
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Santos-Ferreira
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States
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Scholand KK, Mack AF, Guzman GU, Maniskas ME, Sampige R, Govindarajan G, McCullough LD, de Paiva CS. Heterochronic Parabiosis Causes Dacryoadenitis in Young Lacrimal Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4897. [PMID: 36902330 PMCID: PMC10003158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in the lacrimal gland (LG). We investigated if heterochronic parabiosis of mice could modulate age-related LG alterations. In both males and females, there were significant increases in total immune infiltration in isochronic aged LGs compared to that in isochronic young LGs. Male heterochronic young LGs were significantly more infiltrated compared to male isochronic young LGs. While both females and males had significant increases in inflammatory and B-cell-related transcripts in isochronic and heterochronic aged LGs compared to levels isochronic and heterochronic young LGs, females had a greater fold expression of some of these transcripts than males. Through flow cytometry, specific subsets of B cells were increased in the male heterochronic aged LGs compared to those in male isochronic aged LGs. Our results indicate that serum soluble factors from young mice were not enough to reverse inflammation and infiltrating immune cells in aged tissues and that there were specific sex-related differences in parabiosis treatment. This suggests that age-related changes in the LG microenvironment/architecture participate in perpetuating inflammation, which is not reversible by exposure to youthful systemic factors. In contrast, male young heterochronic LGs were significantly worse than their isochronic counterparts, suggesting that aged soluble factors can enhance inflammation in the young host. Therapies that aim at improving cellular health may have a stronger impact on improving inflammation and cellular inflammation in LGs than parabiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin K. Scholand
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Alexis F. Mack
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gary U. Guzman
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael E. Maniskas
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ritu Sampige
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gowthaman Govindarajan
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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