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Luo Z. Impacts of ACE insertion/deletion variant on cardiometabolic risk factors, premature coronary artery disease, and severity of coronary lesions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13171. [PMID: 38849492 PMCID: PMC11161653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64003-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is closely related to cardiometabolic risk factors and atherosclerosis. This study aims to investigate whether the insertion/deletion (I/D) variant of ACE gene impacts cardiometabolic risk factors, premature coronary artery disease (PCAD), and severity of coronary lesions. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Central, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until December 22, 2023. 94,270 individuals were included for the analysis. Carriers of DD genotype had higher levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) than carriers of II or ID genotypes. In addition, carriers of DD genotype were at high risk of PCAD and multiple vessel lesions. The impacts of ACE I/D variant on lipid levels were significant in American individuals but stronger in male individuals. In contrast, the impacts of ACE I/D variant on PCAD and severity of coronary lesions were primarily significant in Caucasian individuals. This study indicates that the ACE I/D variant has a slight but significant impact on cardiometabolic risk factors, PCAD, and severity of coronary lesions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) may benefit high-risk populations with ACE DD genotype to prevent PCAD and multiple vessel lesions.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023426732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, 629000, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Khoja A, Andraweera PH, Lassi ZS, Padhani ZA, Ali A, Zheng M, Pathirana MM, Aldridge E, Wittwer MR, Chaudhuri DD, Tavella R, Arstall MA. Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Premature Coronary Heart Disease (PCHD): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:265-280. [PMID: 38365496 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to compare the prevalence of modifiable and non-modifiable coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors among those with premature CHD and healthy individuals. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched (review protocol is registered in PROSPERO CRD42020173216). The quality of studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tool for cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. Effect sizes for categorical and continuous variables, odds ratio (OR) and mean differences (MD)/standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. RESULTS A total of n=208 primary studies were included in this review. Individuals presenting with premature CHD (PCHD, age ≤65 years) had higher mean body mass index (MD 0.54 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.24, 0.83), total cholesterol (SMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.17, 0.38), triglycerides (SMD 0.50, 95% CI 0.41, 0.60) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (SMD 0.79, 95% CI: -0.91, -0.68) compared with healthy individuals. Individuals presenting with PCHD were more likely to be smokers (OR 2.88, 95% CI 2.51, 3.31), consumed excessive alcohol (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.05, 1.86), had higher mean lipoprotein (a) levels (SMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.28, 0.54), and had a positive family history of CHD (OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.87, 4.66) compared with healthy individuals. Also, they were more likely to be obese (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.32, 1.91), and to have had dyslipidaemia (OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.18, 3.45), hypertension (OR 2.80, 95% CI 2.28, 3.45), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.50, 3.45) compared with healthy individuals. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis confirms current knowledge of risk factors for PCHD, and identifying these early may reduce CHD in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Khoja
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Prabha H Andraweera
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zahra A Padhani
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna Ali
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maleesa M Pathirana
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emily Aldridge
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Melanie R Wittwer
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Debajyoti D Chaudhuri
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rosanna Tavella
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Margaret A Arstall
- Cardiology Unit, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Cao J, Zhang L, Ma L, Zhou X, Yang B, Wang W. Study on the risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged and young people based on machine learning methods: a retrospective cohort study. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14078. [PMID: 36389421 PMCID: PMC9653049 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify coronary heart disease risk factors in young and middle-aged persons and develop a tailored risk prediction model. Methods A retrospective cohort study was used in this research. From January 2017 to January 2020, 553 patients in the Department of Cardiology at a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province were chosen as research subjects. The research subjects were separated into two groups based on the results of coronary angiography performed during hospitalization (n = 201) and non-coronary heart disease (n = 352). R software (R 3.6.1) was used to analyze the clinical data of the two groups. A logistic regression prediction model and three machine learning models, including BP neural network, Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and random forest, were built, and the best prediction model was chosen based on the relevant parameters of the different machine learning models. Results Univariate analysis identified a total of 24 indexes with statistically significant differences between coronary heart disease and non-coronary heart disease groups, which were incorporated in the logistic regression model and three machine learning models. The AUCs of the test set in the logistic regression prediction model, BP neural network model, random forest model, and XGBoost model were 0.829, 0.795, 0.928, and 0.940, respectively, and the F1 scores were 0.634, 0.606, 0.846, and 0.887, indicating that the XGBoost model's prediction value was the best. Conclusion The XGBoost model, which is based on coronary heart disease risk factors in young and middle-aged people, has a high risk prediction efficiency for coronary heart disease in young and middle-aged people and can help clinical medical staff screen young and middle-aged people at high risk of coronary heart disease in clinical practice.
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The Effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) I/D Polymorphism on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Non-Hemodialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease: The Mediating Role of Plasma ACE Level. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071121. [PMID: 35885904 PMCID: PMC9318243 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphisms and plasma ACE levels may allow for the optimization of a preventive intervention to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and cardiovascular mortality risk among non-hemodialyzed chronic kidney disease patients. This cross-sectional study examined 70 patients of Javanese ethnic origin with stable CKD who did not receive hemodialysis. ACE I/D polymorphisms, plasma ACE levels, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, and cardiovascular mortality risk were investigated. As per our findings, the I allele was found to be more frequent (78.6) than the D allele (21.4), and the DD genotype was less frequent than the II genotype (4.3 vs. 61.4). The ACE I/D polymorphism had a significant direct positive effect on plasma ACE levels (path coefficient = 0.302, p = 0.021). Similarly, plasma ACE levels had a direct and significant positive effect on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (path coefficient = 0.410, p = 0.000). Moreover, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk had a significant positive effect on cardiovascular mortality risk (path coefficient = 0.918, p = 0.000). The ACE I/D polymorphism had no direct effect on ASCVD and cardiovascular mortality risk. However, our findings show that the indirect effects of high plasma ACE levels may be a factor in the increased risk of ASCVD and cardiovascular mortality in Javanese CKD patients.
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Lin Y, Hidru TH, Fan R, Gao J, Li H, Yang X, Xia Y. The Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid at Different Concentrations of Lipid Indices and the Risk of Myocardial Revascularization in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:732715. [PMID: 34497839 PMCID: PMC8419518 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.732715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Both serum uric acid (SUA) levels and lipid components, such as LDL, HDL, and Lp(a), have been reported to associate with CAD. However, the influence of SUA status at different concentrations of lipid indices for the risk of myocardial revascularization (MRT) in ACS patients is currently unknown. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a hospital-based sample of 14,234 ACS patients with no previous history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. All patients went for coronary angiography. Binary logistic regression models were performed, and the odds ratios (OR) at 95% confidence interval (CIs) were used to approximate the associated risk of UA and lipid profile for myocardial revascularization, with the lowest quartile/tertile serving as the reference category. Results: Overall, 8,818 (61.9%) patients undergone MRT out of 14,234 patients. Elevated SUA and HDL were negatively associated with an increased likelihood of MRT during admission (P < 0.001). However, LDL and Lp(a) levels were positively associated with MRT among ACS patients. Furthermore, interaction analyses between SUA and lipid profiles, particularly LDL and Lp(a), compared with those in the lowest quartile of SUA levels, show that patients in higher SUA quartiles grouped by lipid components had a significantly lower chance of undergoing MRT, with the lowest OR (95%CI) for subjects being 0.222 (0.170-0.290), 0.478 (0.374-0.612), and 0.604 (0.468-0.780) in LDL tertiles, being 0.671(0.523-0.862), 0.316(0.242-0.413), and 0.410 (0.310-0.542) in Lp(a) tertiles, respectively. In the three tertiles of HDL levels, the incidence of MRT dropped steadily as SUA levels increased. Also, we further analyzed ACS patients without diabetes. Compared with the first quartile of SUA levels, the risks of MRT were significantly lower in different tertiles of lipids components [LDL, Lp(a), HDL]. Conclusion: An increase in SUA levels may decrease the chance of undergoing MRT in ACS patients, even in those with increased Lp(a) and LDL-c. Elevated serum uric acid may play a protective role during an acute stage of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Rui Fan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinghan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Riad M, Adhikari P, Bhattarai S, Gupta A, Ali E, Ali M, Mostafa JA. Risk Assessment Using the Association Between Renin-Angiotensin Genes Polymorphisms and Coronary Artery Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e14083. [PMID: 33907634 PMCID: PMC8065096 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease that involves genetic and environmental interaction. In addition to the well-known CAD risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis, it has a genetic component that predisposes to its occurrence even in young people. One of the most commonly studied genes that increase the susceptibility to CAD is renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes polymorphisms mainly angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) polymorphisms, angiotensinogen polymorphisms, angiotensin- II type 1 receptor gene polymorphisms, and many other genes. These genetic polymorphisms have a direct association with CAD development or indirect association through causing atherosclerosis and hypertension which, in turn, are complicated by CAD later on. The difference between genetic mutations and polymorphisms lies in the frequency of the abnormal genotype. If the frequency is 1% and more in the general population, it is called polymorphism and if it is less than 1%, then it is called a mutation. According to our findings, after thorough searching, which support the association of RAS genes polymorphisms with premature CAD, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and atherosclerosis, we recommend additional studies in the form of clinical trials and meta-analyses aiming to create a specific diagnostic tool for CAD risk assessment and discovering the high-risk people as early as possible. Targeted gene therapy, being the future of medicine, needs to be taken into researchers' consideration. It can have promising results in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Riad
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Prakash Adhikari
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, USA
| | - Sanket Bhattarai
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ashish Gupta
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Eiman Ali
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Moeez Ali
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Dos Santos JHB, Passos RS, Freire IV, Ribeiro ÍJS, Oliveira AA, Casotti CA, Alkahtani SA, Barbosa AAL, Pereira R. The D allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is associated with a worse autonomic heart control in community-based older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 146:111227. [PMID: 33429035 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and modulation of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is reported as complex and bidirectional. Thus, the present study aimed to compare autonomous heart control, through symbolic analysis parameters, in the older adults carrying different ACE I/D gene polymorphisms (rs4646994). Two hundred four older adults comprised the study population and were grouped according to the ACE I/D gene polymorphism: II + ID genotype and DD genotype. Successive RR intervals were recorded along 5 min and analyzed with Symbolic Analysis (SA) method. 0 V%, 1 V% and 2 V% patterns were quantified and compared between groups. A linear mixed model analysis was used to determine between-group differences in symbolic analysis parameters (0 V%, 1 V% and 2 V%), taken groups as fixed factor and sex, use of ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor type I blockers as random factors. The Bayesian analysis was carried out to check the magnitude of the evidence. The results of this study indicate that older adults carrying the DD genotype have statistically greater sympathetic modulation (0 V%) and poor sympathovagal balance (1 V%), but the Bayesian analysis indicate only an anecdotal effect. Sympathetic predominance is recognized a worrying condition, since may predisposes to cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juleno Honorato Brito Dos Santos
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R S Passos
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ivna Vidal Freire
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nursing & Health, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Human Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ícaro J S Ribeiro
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nursing & Health, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alinne Alves Oliveira
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nursing & Health, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cezar Augusto Casotti
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing & Health, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Shaea A Alkahtani
- College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ana Angélica Leal Barbosa
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nursing & Health, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Human Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequie 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil.
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Bayramoglu A, Bayramoglu G, Urhan Kucuk M, Guler HI, Arpaci A. Genetic variations of renin-angiotensin and fibrinolytic systems and susceptibility to coronary artery disease: a population genetics perspective. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2020; 70:16-24. [PMID: 32989965 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic predisposition is an important risk factor in coronary artery disease (CAD).This study was conducted to determine the polymorphism frequencies of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) gene 4G/5G, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) gene A1166C genotypes and to examine the role of these polymorphisms in CAD. METHODS Genomic DNAs obtained from 260 subjects (130 CAD patients and 130 control) were used in the study. ACE I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis. AT-1 A1166C polymorphism was determined using the PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and electrophoresis. The products amplified from AT1 gene by PCR were cut with HindIII restriction endonuclease and then analyzed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The results were statistically analyzed with the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and independent two-sample t-test. RESULTS Allele frequencies showed statistically significant differences between the patient and control groups. There was no statistically significant difference in ACEI/D genotype frequencies between the twogroups. Likewise, no statistically significant difference was found in the AT1 A1166C genotype frequencies; however, a statistically significant difference was found in allele frequencies. The PAI-1 4G/5G genotype frequency was significantly higher in the patient group. CONCLUSIONS While there is a relationship between of PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and CAD, ACE gene I/D and AT1 gene A1166C polymorphisms are not related. PAI-1 gene homozygous genotypes may be considered as a prognostic marker for CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Bayramoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey - .,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey -
| | - Gokhan Bayramoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey.,Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Meral Urhan Kucuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Halil I Guler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Arpaci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Turkey
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Zheng H, Zeng Z, Wen H, Wang P, Huang C, Huang P, Chen Q, Gong D, Qiu X. Application of Genome-Wide Association Studies in Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4274-4286. [PMID: 31692429 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191105125148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease caused by the combination of environmental and genetic factors. It is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Much research has been focussed on CAD genetic mechanism. In recent years, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has developed rapidly around the world. Medical researchers around the world have successfully discovered a series of CAD genetic susceptibility genes or susceptible loci using medical research strategies, leading CAD research toward a new stage. This paper briefly summarizes the important progress made by GWAS for CAD in the world in recent years, and then analyzes the challenges faced by GWAS at this stage and the development trend of future research, to promote the transformation of genetic research results into clinical practice and provide guidance for further exploration of the genetic mechanism of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilei Zheng
- Department of Medical Examination & Health Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyu Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Elderly Cardiology Ward, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Elderly Comprehensive Ward, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Medical Examination & Health Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunxia Huang
- Department of Medical Examination & Health Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Medical Examination & Health Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingyun Chen
- Department of Medical Examination & Health Management, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Danping Gong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Elderly Cardiology Ward, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Qiu
- Department of Population Health Science, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, NC27708, United States.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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10
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Associations of ACE I/D polymorphism with the levels of ACE, kallikrein, angiotensin II and interleukin-6 in STEMI patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19719. [PMID: 31873176 PMCID: PMC6927979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the plasma levels of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II (AngII), kallikrein (KLK1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with different ACE Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms in a Chinese population. The ACE genotypes were determined in the 199 STEMI patients and 216 control subjects. STEMI patients were divided into three groups based on the ACE genotypes. Single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to characterize ACE I/D polymorphisms. Plasma levels of ACE, AngII, KLK1 and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that the DD or ID genotype was significantly independently associated with high ACE (OR = 4.697; 95% CI = 1.927–11.339), KLK1 (3.339; 1.383–8.063) and IL-6 levels (OR = 2.10; 1.025–4.327) in STEMI patients. However, there was no statistical significance between the ACE I/D polymorphism and AngII plasma levels whether in univariate or multivariate logistic regression. Additionally, we detected a significantly positive correlation between plasma KLK1 levels and IL-6 levels in STEMI patients (r = 0.584, P < 0.001). The study showed high levels of ACE, KLK1 and IL-6 were detected when the D allele was present, but AngII plasma levels was not influenced by the ACE I/D polymorphism.
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Poorzand H, Tsarouhas K, Hozhabrossadati SA, Khorrampazhouh N, Bondarsahebi Y, Bacopoulou F, Rezaee R, Jafarzadeh Esfehani R, Morovatdar N. Risk factors of premature coronary artery disease in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13124. [PMID: 31038733 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the mean age at which coronary artery disease (CAD) hase decreased in recent years in Iran. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the prevalence of different risk factors of premature CAD (PCAD) in patients vs healthy individuals. METHODS Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Scientific Information Database were searched for studies about PCAD risk factors in Iran until 28 October 2017. Observational studies of Iranians, comparing risk factors between patients with PCAD and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, were included. Fixed-effects and random-effects model were used for pooling data. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI and mean difference were used for effect size estimation among studies. RESULTS Twelve studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.9-3.03; P = 0.0001, I2 = 25.5%; P = 0.2), family history of CAD (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.22-3.6; P = 0.007, I2 = 86%; P = 0.0001), dyslipidaemia (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.15-3.64; P = 0.01, I2 = 54%; P = 0.08), smoking (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.11-2.46; P = 0.01, I2 = 77.2%; P = 0.000) and hypertension (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.21 to-1.50; P < 0.001, I2 = 31%, P = 0.1) associated with PCAD. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that patients with PCAD had significantly lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and significantly higher levels of triglycerides compared to healthy subjects (MD: -2.56, 95% CI: -3.54 to -1.58, P < 0.001, I2 = 42%, P = 0.01 and MD: 21.17, 95% CI: 14.73-27.62, P < 0.001, I2 = 80.12%, P < 0.001, respectively). It should be noted that although high levels of heterogeneity in LDL and HDL values among the studies were observed, when dyslipidaemia was studied as a binary variable, no significant heterogeneity among studies was observed. CONCLUSION Diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and hypertension were significantly and positively associated with CAD in young adults compared to healthy age- and sex-matched population in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoorak Poorzand
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Konstantinos Tsarouhas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.,Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nastaran Khorrampazhouh
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yones Bondarsahebi
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece.,HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Morovatdar
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Morovatdar N, Bondarsahebi Y, Khorrampazhouh N, Hozhabrossadati SA, Tsarouhas K, Rezaee R, Esfehani RJ, Poorzand H, Sahebkar A. Risk Factor Patterns for Premature Versus Late-Onset Coronary Artery Disease in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874192401913010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
There are few data regarding the risk factors of premature vs late-onset Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). This study systematically reviews these risk factors in Iranian people.
Methods:
Medline, Web of Science, Embase and SID (Scientific Information Database; www.sid.ir) databases were searched for studies comparing CAD risk factors in young and older patients in Iran. Data extracted and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for each risk factor were calculated. Publication bias was evaluated by Egger’s test.
Results:
Seven studies (9080 participants) were included in the meta-analysis; analysis was carried out independently for each risk factor. Smoking (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.57, 95% CI: 1.96-3.37; p=<0.001), family history of CAD (OR: 2.45: 95% CI, 1.44-4.15, p<0.001), opium abuse (OR: 2.44: 95% CI, 1.22-4.88; p=0.001) and hyperlipidaemia (OR: 1.4: 95% CI, 1.13-1.73; p=0.001) were more common in premature CAD compared with older CAD patients. In contrast, diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.54: 95% CI, 0.39-0.73; p=0.0001) and hypertension (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.21-0.59; p<0.001) were less prevalent.
Conclusion:
Risk factors were significantly different between premature and late-onset CAD. Policies regarding smoking and opium cessation and controlling hyperlipidaemia may be useful for the prevention of premature CAD in Iran.
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Noubiap JJ, Mato EPM, Guewo-Fokeng M, Kaze AD, Boulenouar H, Wonkam A. Genetic Determinants of Dyslipidemia in African-Based Populations: A Systematic Review. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 22:749-758. [PMID: 30571611 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Identification of genetic/genomic factors contributing to dyslipidemia is of great interest to prevention and reduction of the onset and burden of cardiovascular diseases in Africa. This systematic review summarizes available data on genetic variants associated with dyslipidemia in populations within Africa. A PubMed and EMBASE database search was conducted to identify all studies published until June 2018 on genetic susceptibility to dyslipidemia in African-based populations, excluding familial hypercholesterolemia. All studies on genetic predispositions of dyslipidemia and respecting the preestablished inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. Because of high heterogeneity, the data were summarized narratively. Twenty-two studies investigated mostly the targeted genetic variants. A total of 51 polymorphisms in 28 susceptibility genes to dyslipidemia have been associated with a particular trait in the African populations, and through variable effects. Most polymorphisms investigated in Northern Africa seemed to have consistent effects on increasing the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, and triglycerides in patients with diabetes, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and metabolic syndrome. By contrast, only Ser447Ter and C49620T variants were associated with increased LDL-C in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite few studies available in this context in the literature, certain genetic variants were consistently associated with dyslipidemia especially in Northern Africa as highlighted in this analysis. Further data, particularly from genome-wide association studies, would help establish an African-specific reference for genetic susceptibility markers of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Noubiap
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edith Pascale M Mato
- 2 Molecular and Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Magellan Guewo-Fokeng
- 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Arnaud D Kaze
- 4 Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Houssam Boulenouar
- 5 Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université des Sciences et de Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf, Oran, Algeria.,6 Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine Dr Benzerdjeb Benaouda, Université Aboubekr Belkaid-Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria.,7 Laboratoire Cancer Lab No. 30, Faculté de Médecine Dr. Benzerdjeb Benaouda Université Aboubekr Belkaid-Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- 8 Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Association of renin-angiotensin system genes polymorphisms and risk of premature ST elevation myocardial infarction in young Mexican population. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2018; 29:267-274. [PMID: 29474203 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
: The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and the development of coronary artery disease. The aim was to examine the association of the insertion deletion in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, M235T and T174M polymorphisms in the angiotensinogen gene with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEAMI) in young Mexican population. We analyzed 242 unrelated patients with STEAMI 45 or less years of age, admitted to a cardiovascular intense care unit, and 242 individuals without STEAMI matched by age and sex, recruited from January 2006 and June 2013. The polymorphisms insertion deletion, M235T and T174M were determined in all participants by a polymerase chain-reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. There was a significant difference in the insertion deletion genotype distribution between two groups (P = 0.03) and a higher percentage of the T allele M235T polymorphism in the group of STEAMI patients (P = 0.02). The T174M polymorphism was not associated (P = 0.08). The insertion deletion and M235T polymorphisms, smoking, hypertension, familial history of cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia were independent risk factors for STEAMI. Our results identified that the D allele from the insertion deletion and M235T but not T174M polymorphisms represent an independent risk factor for STEAMI in young Mexican population.
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Borai IH, Hassan NS, Shaker OG, Ashour E, Badrawy ME, Fawzi OM, Mageed L. Synergistic effect of ACE and AGT genes in coronary artery disease. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Genetics of myocardial infarction: The role of thrombosis-associated genes. A review article. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Karahan Z, Ugurlu M, Ucaman B, Veysel Ulug A, Kaya I, Cevik K, Sahin Adiyaman M, Oztürk O, Iyem H, Ozdemir F. Association Between ACE Gene Polymorphism and QT Dispersion in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2016; 10:117-21. [PMID: 27347229 PMCID: PMC4897009 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401610010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism is associated with high renin-angiotensin system causing myocardial fibrosis and ventricular repolarization abnormality. Based on these findings, this study was designed to determine the association between ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and QT dispersion after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Objective and Methods: The study included 108 patients with acute MI. Blood samples were obtained from all the patients for genomic DNA analysis. ECGs were recorded at baseline and at the end of a 6-month follow up. The OT dispersion was manually calculated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57.5 ±9.9 years (ranging from 36 to 70). The
patients with DD genotype showed longer QT dispersion than patients with II or
DI genotype at the baseline, while at the end of the six-month follow up the
patients with DI genotype showed longer QT dispersion than patients with DD or
II genotypes. However, the magnitude of the QT dispersion prolongation was
higher in patients carrying the ACE D allele than patients who were not carrying
it, at baseline and at the end of six-month follow up (52.5 ±2.6 msn vs.
47.5±2.1 msn at baseline, 57±3.2 msn vs. 53±2.6 msn in months, P: 0.428 and
P: 0.613, respectively). Conclusion: Carriers of the D allele of ACE gene I/D polymorphism may be associated with QT dispersion prolongation in patients with MI.An interaction of QT dispersion and ACE gene polymorphism may be associated with an elevation of serum type I-C terminal pro-collagen concentration, possibly leading to myocardial fibrosis, and increased action potential duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkuf Karahan
- Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Murat Ugurlu
- Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Berzal Ucaman
- Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ali Veysel Ulug
- Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ilyas Kaya
- Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Cevik
- Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | | | - Onder Oztürk
- Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Iyem
- Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Cardiovascular Surgery, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ferit Ozdemir
- Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Cardiovascular Surgery, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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18
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Dai SH, Li JF, Feng JB, Li RJ, Li CB, Li Z, Zhang Y, Li DQ. Association of serum levels of AngII, KLK1, and ACE/KLK1 polymorphisms with acute myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery stenosis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 17:1470320316655037. [PMID: 27329205 PMCID: PMC5843928 DOI: 10.1177/1470320316655037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The study aims to confirm the association of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with serum angiotensin II (AngII), kallikrein1 (KLK1), and ACE/KLK1 polymorphisms. Materials and methods: Serum AngII/KLK1 levels and ACE and KLK1 genotypes were determined in 208 patients with AMI and 216 normal controls. Binary logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: The differences in serum AngII levels were statistically significant between the groups. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, high serum levels of AngII and KLK1 significantly increased the risk of AMI. The individuals with ACE DD and KLK1 GG genotypes significantly increased the risk of AMI compared with those harboring the ACE II and KLK1 AA genotypes (OR = 8.77, 95% CI = 1.74–44.16). Conclusions: (1) Increasing the serum levels of AngII increased the risk of AMI. (2) The risk of AMI increased significantly when the serum levels of AngII and KLK1 simultaneously increased. (3) Individuals with the combined genotypes of ACE DD and KLK1 GG showed significantly increased risk of AMI compared with those with the combined genotypes of ACE II and KLK1 AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-hong Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, China Department of cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
| | - Ji-fu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, China Department of cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
| | - Jin-bo Feng
- Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
| | - Rui-jian Li
- Department of emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
| | - Chuan-bao Li
- Department of emergency, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, China Department of cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, China Department of cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
| | - Da-qing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodelling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, China Department of cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
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Goodarzynejad H, Boroumand M, Behmanesh M, Ziaee S, Jalali A. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphism (I405V) and premature coronary artery disease in an Iranian population. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:114-20. [PMID: 26773179 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression on atherogenesis is still under debate. The rs5882 (I405V) polymorphism affect CETP function. We aimed to examine the relationship between the rs5882 polymorphism and the risk of angiographically determined coronary artery disease (CAD). To define premature CAD (PCAD), an age cutoff of 55 years for women and 45 years for men was used. An age- and sex-matched case-control study was conducted in 560 patients with newly diagnosed angiographically documented PCAD (≥50% luminal stenosis of any coronary vessel) and an equal number of control patients with normal coronary arteries (no luminal stenosis at coronary arteries). The severity of CAD was determined by vessel score and Gensini score. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high resolution melting analysis were used to distinguish between genotypes. The I405V genotype distributions were not statistically different in CAD and non-CAD groups in univariate and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyzes. The median and inter-quartile range for Gensini score was not significantly different among the AA (43, 24 to 73), AG (40, 20 to 66), and GG (45, 25 to 72) genotypes (p = 0.097). Furthermore, the distribution of vessel score did not statistically differ between these genotypes (p = 0.691). Our results suggest that there is no significant association between CETP I405V polymorphism and the risk of PCAD presence and severity. Larger prospective studies are needed to investigate such associations in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Goodarzynejad
- Department of Cardiac Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Goodarzynejad H, Boroumand M, Behmanesh M, Ziaee S, Jalali A. The rs5888 single nucleotide polymorphism in scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) gene and the risk of premature coronary artery disease: a case-control study. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:7. [PMID: 26754576 PMCID: PMC4709878 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lipid transport genes have been shown to be associated with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). The scavenger receptor BI (SCARB1) is a key component of the reverse cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism. We aimed to examine the relationship between the rs5888 SNP within SCARB1and the risk of angiographically determined PCAD. Methods We used an age cut-off of 55 years for women and 45 years for men to define PCAD. Five-hundred and five patients with newly diagnosed angiographically documented PCAD (≥50 % luminal stenosis of any coronary vessel) as case group compared with 546 controls (subjects with no luminal stenosis at coronary arteries). The severity of CAD was determined by vessel score as well as Gensini score. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis was used to distinguish between genotypes. Results T allele as compared to C allele was associated with increased odds of PCAD in total population (adjusted OR = 1.3, 95 % CI = 1.0 to 1.5; p = 0.020), and in women (adjusted OR = 1.3, 95 % CI = 1.0 to 1.8; p = 0.037), but not in men (adjusted OR = 1.2, 95 % CI = 0.9 to 1.5; p = 0.311). There was also no significant association between the examined polymorphism and the severity of CAD in whole or in men or women subgroups. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the SNP (rs5888) within SCARB1 is independently associated with PCAD in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Goodarzynejad
- Department of Cardiac Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Boroumand
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar Ave.and Jalal-Al-Ahmad cross, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shayan Ziaee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Jalali
- Department of Cardiac Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zeinali N, Hashemi M, Mirmohammadsadeghi M, Mirmohammadsadeghi H, Eskandari N, Sabzghabaee AM. Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype, Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Saphenous Vein Graft Atherosclerosis in Iranian Patients. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 30:557-61. [PMID: 26735603 PMCID: PMC4690661 DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20150069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate possible interactions among
Angiotensin-I converting enzyme genotype, insertion/deletion polymorphism
and atherosclerosis of vein grafts in Iranian patients, and characterize
their clinical and demographic profile. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients who underwent coronary artery bypass
graft surgery more than five years ago, were included for angiographic
analysis. Atherosclerosis was determined by quantitative angiography and
adjusted Gensini score. The gene angiotensin converting enzyme I/D
polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A total of 102 patients participated in this study. Eighty-four patients
were male. The frequency distribution of DD, ID and II polymorphism were
23.6%, 62.7% and 13.7% respectively. There were no differences among
genotypic groups in age, sex, number of risk factors, number of vein grafts
and months since bypass surgery. According to adjusted Gensini score
[0.18±0.12 (II) vs. 0.11±0.09 (ID) and
0.1±0.09 (DD) P=0.021] the II genotype was
associated with severity of vein graft atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Although there are conflicting results about gene angiotensin converting
enzyme I/D polymorphism and the degree of venous bypass graft degeneration,
this study suggests an association between ACE genotype II and
atherosclerosis of saphenous vein grafts, however, large samples considering
clinical, demographic and ethnic profile are necessary to confirm these
results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Zeinali
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mirmohammadsadeghi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mirmohammadsadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Cosenso-Martin LN, Vaz-de-Melo RO, Pereira LR, Cesarino CB, Yugar-Toledo JC, Cipullo JP, de Souza Pinhel MA, Souza DRS, Vilela-Martin JF. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, 24-h blood pressure profile and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive individuals: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:74. [PMID: 26336879 PMCID: PMC4559372 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The absence of nocturnal blood pressure dipping (ND) identified by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) correlates with a worse cardiovascular prognosis. The renin–angiotensin system influences blood pressure levels and the occurrence of target organ damage (TOD). Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with the 24-h blood pressure profile and TOD in hypertensive individuals. Methods 155 non-diabetic hypertensive individuals on antihypertensive treatment underwent ABPM. Peripheral blood samples were drawn for biochemistry and genetic analysis of the ACE I/D polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction. ND was defined as ≥10 % differences in the mean systolic blood pressure (BP) during wakefulness and sleep. Results There were no differences in clinical or biochemical variables or TOD in respect to ND status, except for higher BP levels during sleep (p < 0.001) in non-dippers. There was significant difference in the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) between ACE genotypes (II: 13.0 %; ID: 34.1 %; DD: 46.5 %; p value = 0.024) with an increased risk in carriers of the DD genotype (OR = 5.80; IC 95 % 1.50–22.44; p value = 0.011). Carriers of the D allele had higher systolic BP during wakefulness and by ABPM (p < 0.05), higher left ventricular mass (117.3 ± 50.0 vs. 100.3 ± 25.7; p value = 0.017) and higher prevalence of LVH (37.4 vs. 12.5 %; OR = 4.14; 95 % IC: 1.17–14.65; p value = 0.028), compared to the II genotype. Conclusions The DD genotype is associated with a higher prevalence of LVH. The presence of the D allele appears to be associated with higher mean 24-h and wake systolic BP measured by ABPM in hypertensive patients under antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Neves Cosenso-Martin
- Hypertension Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) and Hospital de Base, Ave Brig. Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Renan Oliveira Vaz-de-Melo
- Hypertension Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) and Hospital de Base, Ave Brig. Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Luana Rocco Pereira
- Hypertension Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) and Hospital de Base, Ave Brig. Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Bernardi Cesarino
- Hypertension Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) and Hospital de Base, Ave Brig. Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - Juan Carlos Yugar-Toledo
- Hypertension Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) and Hospital de Base, Ave Brig. Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | - José Paulo Cipullo
- Hypertension Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) and Hospital de Base, Ave Brig. Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - José Fernando Vilela-Martin
- Hypertension Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, State Medical School in São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) and Hospital de Base, Ave Brig. Faria Lima 5416, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15090-000, Brazil.
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Reshetnikov EA, Akulova LY, Dobrodomova IS, Dvornyk VY, Polonikov AV, Churnosov MI. The insertion-deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene is associated with increased blood pressure in women at the end of pregnancy. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:623-632. [PMID: 24150610 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313501217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malfunctioning of the cardiovascular system during pregnancy may be responsible for adverse effects on the 'mother-fetus' system. The cardiovascular system of a pregnant woman develops adaptation to the increased load. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is known to play an important role in the adaptation. The present study was designed to investigate whether the insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene is associated with the level of arterial blood pressure in women before and during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The level of blood pressure was measured in 591 Russian women (Central Russia) before and during (37-40 weeks term) pregnancy. The women were divided into three groups which were hypertensive, hypotensive, and normotensive according to blood pressure level. Genotyping of the ACE I/D polymorphism was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS Women with genotype DD showed the highest blood pressure level both during and at the end of pregnancy (p<0.05). The highest frequencies of allele D and genotype DD were found in pregnant women in the hypertensive group. CONCLUSIONS The deletion variant of the ACE gene is associated with high blood pressure level at the end of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Reshetnikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod National Research University, Russia
| | - Ludmila Y Akulova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod National Research University, Russia
| | - Irina S Dobrodomova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod National Research University, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod National Research University, Russia
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Dai XM, Wei L, Ma LL, Chen HY, Zhang ZJ, Ji ZF, Wu WL, Ma LY, Kong XF, Jiang LD. Serum uric acid and its relationship with cardiovascular risk profile in Chinese patients with early-onset coronary artery disease. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34:1605-11. [PMID: 25630308 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-2878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is growing in the young population. We aimed to investigate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and cardiovascular involvement in individuals under 45 years old diagnosed with early-onset CAD (EOCAD). Seven hundred eighty-six EOCAD patients were recruited and stratified into four groups by SUA levels. General information, serum indicators, and results of coronary angiography and echocardiography were recorded. The associations between SUA levels were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. With the increasing of SUA levels, the prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, triple branches involved, heart failure, and cardiac enlargement of left ventricle (LV), left atrium (LA), and right ventricle (RV) were significantly higher (all P < 0.05). The fourth group (SUA >8 mg/dl) had the highest proportions than other groups (all P < 0.05). After controlling potential confounders, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratios of SUA >8 mg/dl were 2.345 for triple branches involved (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.335-4.119), 4.168 for heart failure (95 % CI 1.599-10.862), and 4.122 for LV enlargement (95 % CI 1.874-9.065) (P < 0.05). SUA >8 mg/dl was independently associated with triple branches involvement, heart failure and LV enlargement in Chinese EOCAD patients. Higher SUA level might play an important role in cardiac dysfunction and severity of EOCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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25
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Mokeddem S, Atmani B, Mokaddem M. A New Approach for Coronary Artery Diseases Diagnosis Based on Genetic Algorithm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4018/ijdsst.2014100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Feature Selection (FS) has become the motivation of much research on decision support systems areas for which datasets with large number of features are analyzed. This paper presents a new method for the diagnosis of Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) founded on Genetic Algorithm (GA) wrapper Bayes Naïve (BN). Initially, thirteen attributes were involved in predicting CAD. In GA–BN algorithm, GA produces in each iteration a subset of attributes that will be evaluated using the BN in the second step of the selection procedure. The final result set of attribute holds the most pertinent feature model that increases the accuracy. The accuracy results showed that the algorithm produces 85.50% classification accuracy in the diagnosis of CAD. Therefore, the strength of the Algorithm is then compared with other machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and C4.5 decision tree Algorithm. The result of classification accuracy for those algorithms are respectively 83.5%, 83.16% and 80.85%. Then, the GA wrapper BN Algorithm is similarly compared with other FS algorithms. The Obtained results have shown very favorable outcomes for the diagnosis of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baghdad Atmani
- Computer Science Department, University of Oran, Oran, Algeria
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26
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Moradzadegan A, Vaisi-Raygani A, Nikzamir A, Rahimi Z. Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) (rs4646994) and Vegf polymorphism (+405G/C; rs2010963) in type II diabetic patients: Association with the risk of coronary artery disease. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:672-80. [PMID: 24505095 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313497819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Little is known about the concomitant presence of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (rs4646994) D allele and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) (+405G/C; rs2010963) G allele on the susceptibility of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here we examined the hypothesis that ACE-D and VEGF-G alleles act synergistically to increase the severity of CAD in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The VEGF (rs2010963) and ACE (rs4646994) genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR, respectively in 510 T2DM patients undergoing their first coronary angiography. Diabetic patients were classified as T2DM patients with and without CAD (control). RESULTS The crude odds ratio (OR) for the presence of CAD in ID+DD and D allele carriers were 1.98 (p=0.01) and 1.55 (p=0.001), respectively. Also, adjusted ORs in the presence of normolipidemia and the absence of history of hypertension for the risk of CAD in the either ACE(rs4646994) D allele or VGEF(rs2010963)-G alleles were 2.08 (p=0.004) and 1.75 (p=0.024), respectively. In addition, the concomitant presence of the ACE-D and VEGF-G alleles increased the risk of CAD 2.25-fold (p=0.043). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that ACE(rs4646994)-D allele alone and in the presence of VEGF(rs2010963)-G allele can be an important independent risk factor for susceptibility of CAD in T2DM patients even after correcting for conventional risk factors in a population of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Moradzadegan
- Department of Experimental Sciences, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahwaz Jondi Shapour University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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27
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Garatachea N, Marín PJ, Lucia A. The ACE DD genotype and D-allele are associated with exceptional longevity: a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:1079-87. [PMID: 23623925 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ACE I/D polymorphism has been associated with longevity, although not consistently. The objective of this study was to detect the possible unequal distribution of the alleles and genotypes of this polymorphism among centenarians and younger segments of the population. Relevant data were extracted from studies in the literature, comparing genotype and allele frequencies between centenarians and younger controls. The association of ACE I/D polymorphism with exceptional longevity was analyzed in a total of 1803 centenarians and 10,484 controls using the chi-square test with the Yates correction. We conducted combined analyses for all ethnic groups studied in the literature (Caucasian, Chinese and Korean) as well as for Caucasians only. The DD genotype (odds ratio (OR): 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.54), P=0.032) and the D-allele were more frequent in Caucasian centenarians compared with their younger controls (OR: 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05-1.28), P<0.001). Similar findings were obtained when all ethnic origin groups were included in the analyses, with no evidence of publication bias or heterogeneity (P>0.05). The present meta-analysis indicates that the ACE D-allele and the DD genotype might confer a modest, albeit significant advantage to reach exceptional longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garatachea
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.
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28
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Pal D, Mandana K, Pal S, Sarkar D, Chakraborty C. Fuzzy expert system approach for coronary artery disease screening using clinical parameters. Knowl Based Syst 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Firouzabadi N, Tajik N, Bahramali E, Bakhshandeh H, Ebrahimi SA, Maadani M, Rasoulian M, Mobasheri T, Shafiei M. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism with coronary artery disease in Iranian patients with unipolar depression. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1347-52. [PMID: 22683751 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an increasingly recognized risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genetic polymorphisms and CAD in a sample of depressed Iranian patients. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 191 patients with a history of unipolar depression were enrolled in a case/control study. The presence of MDD was reconfirmed at study entry using DSM-IV criteria and CAD was diagnosed by coronary angiography. Genotyping of six RAS genes polymorphisms was performed by a modified PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS DD genotype of ACE I/D was independently associated with the incidence of CAD in depressed patients (P=0.011, OR=9.41, 95% CI: 1.68-17.81). Moreover, serum creatinine (P=0.033, OR=11.91, 95%CI: 7.23-15.62) was an independent predictor of CAD among depressed individuals. CONCLUSION ACE I/D polymorphism may play a major role in the development of CAD amongst Iranian depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Zajc Petranović M, Skarić-Jurić T, Smolej Narančić N, Tomas Z, Krajačić P, Miličić J, Barbalić M, Tomek-Roksandić S. Angiotensin-converting enzyme deletion allele is beneficial for the longevity of Europeans. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:583-595. [PMID: 21614448 PMCID: PMC3337925 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene is one of the most investigated candidate genes for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the understanding of its role among the elderly is vague. Therefore, this study focuses at: (a) testing the association of ACE polymorphism with CVD risk factors among the elderly, and (b) detecting the possible unequal distribution of ACE genotypes between senescent and younger segments of the European populations. The association of ACE I/D polymorphism with CVD health status [hypertension (HT), obesity, dislypidemia] in 301 very old subjects (88.2 ± 5 years; F/M = 221/80) was tested by means of logistic regression analysis. The meta-analysis of D allele frequency in general vs. elderly (80+ years) groups was conducted using all publicly available data for European populations comprising both age cohorts. Multiple multinomial logistic regression revealed that within this elderly sample, age (younger olds, 80-90 years), female sex (OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.59-6.19), and elevated triglycerides (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.29-4.95) were positively associated with HT, while ACE polymorphism was not. It was also established that the DD genotype was twice as high in 80+ cohort compared to general population of Croatia (p < 0.00001). This trend was confirmed by the meta-analysis that showed higher D allele frequencies in olds from nine of ten considered European populations (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.08-1.31). The data in elderly cohort do not confirm previously reported role of ACE DD genotype to the development of HT. Moreover, meta-analysis indicated that ACE D allele has some selective advantage that contributes to longevity in majority of European populations.
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31
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Renin-angiotensin system genes polymorphism in Egyptians with premature coronary artery disease. Gene 2012; 498:270-5. [PMID: 22387727 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetics polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) affects the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to investigate the association between the RAS genes and premature CAD (PCAD) in Egyptians. 116 patients with PCAD, 114 patients with late onset CAD and 119 controls were included in the study. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (ATR1) and angiotensinogen (AGT) genes polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that ACE DD, AGT TT and ATR1 CC increased the risk of PCAD by 2.7, 2.8 and 2.86 respectively). Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol were independent risk factors for the development of PCAD. We conclude that the ACE DD, AGT TT and ATR1 CC genotypes may increase the susceptibility of an individual to have PCAD. The coexistence of CAD risk factors with these risky RAS genotypes may lead to the development of PCAD in Egyptian patients.
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32
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Chen YH, Liu JM, Hsu RJ, Hu SC, Harn HJ, Chen SP, Jeng JR, Wu CL, Ho JY, Yu CP. Angiotensin converting enzyme DD genotype is associated with acute coronary syndrome severity and sudden cardiac death in Taiwan: a case-control emergency room study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2012; 12:6. [PMID: 22333273 PMCID: PMC3293745 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms have been associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, several controversial results have also been found in different studied populations. This hospital-based, emergency room, case-control study in Taiwan retrospectively investigated 111 ACS patients, and 195 non-coronary subjects as a control group, to study the effects of ACE I/D polymorphism in the most urgent ACS patients. ACE I/D polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based assays and their associations with ACS risk, severity, and sudden cardiac death were determined. Results The ACE DD genotype was associated with ACS incidence. The DD genotype was associated with a significant 4-fold higher risk of ACS in multivariate analysis (odds ratio (OR) = 4.295; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.436-12.851, p = 0.009), and a 3.35-fold higher risk of acute myocardial infarction. DD genotype carriers also had more than 3-fold higher risks of stenosis in all the three coronary arteries, left anterior descending artery infarction, and anterior wall infarction. In addition, the DD genotype was also associated with a higher risk of sudden cardiac death (OR = 6.484, 95% CI: 1.036-40.598, p = 0.046). Conclusions This study demonstrated that the ACE DD genotype is an independent risk factor for ACS, and in particular, for acute myocardial infarction. In addition, the ACE DD genotype is also associated with greater ACS severity and a higher risk of sudden cardiac death. ACE genotyping is recommended for patients with a history of ACS, and more intensive preventive care is suggested for patients with the DD genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsin Chen
- Department of Pathology, and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Vaisi-Raygani A, Rahimi Z, Tavilani H, Vaisi-Raygani H, Kiani A, Aminian M, Shakiba E, Shakiba Y, Pourmotabbed T. Synergism between paraoxonase Arg 192 and the angiotensin converting enzyme D allele is associated with severity of coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2723-31. [PMID: 21681430 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene D allele is an independent risk factor for early onset coronary artery disease (CAD). Little is known about the concomitant presence of the ACE gene D allele and paraoxonase (PON1) codon 192 arginine (Arg) on the severity of CAD. Regarding the high rate of CAD among Iranians the aim of present study was to examine the hypothesis of synergistic effects between ACE-D and PON1-Arg alleles on predisposition and the severity of CAD in our population. The PON1 192 and ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP and PCR, respectively in 414 individuals undergoing their first coronary angiography. Patients were placed into one of two groups: CAD and control without CAD or diabetes. We mentioned the synergistic effects of both genes and not ACE gene alone is a risk factor for CAD. We found that PON1 Arg 192 and ACE D allele act synergistically to increase the risk of CAD (OR 1.3, P = 0.044). Our results showed a significant correlation between the possession of both PON1 192 Arg and the ACE D allele and the extent of CAD in CAD patients and CAD subjects without diabetes, represented by the increased frequency of three-vessel disease with OR 2.7, P = 0.046; χ(2) = 4, P = 0.046 and OR 2.4, P = 0.051; χ(2) = 3.8, P = 0.051, respectively. We found that PON1 Arg 192 and ACE D alleles act synergistically to increase the risk of CAD in CAD patients and CAD subjects without diabetes from west of Iran, who have high frequency of three-vessel disease. Our data suggest that PON1 192 Arg and the ACE D allele in combination with each other can be important independent risk factor for severity of CAD in patients carrying both PON1 192 Arg and the ACE D allele in a west population of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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