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Berggren-Nylund R, Ryde M, Löfdahl A, Ibáñez-Fonseca A, Kåredal M, Westergren-Thorsson G, Tufvesson E, Larsson-Callerfelt AK. Effects of hypoxia on bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells linked to pathogenesis in chronic lung disorders. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1094245. [PMID: 36994416 PMCID: PMC10040785 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1094245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic lung disorders involve pathological alterations in the lung tissue with hypoxia as a consequence. Hypoxia may influence the release of inflammatory mediators and growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostaglandin (PG)E2. The aim of this work was to investigate how hypoxia affects human lung epithelial cells in combination with profibrotic stimuli and its correlation to pathogenesis.Methods: Human bronchial (BEAS-2B) and alveolar (hAELVi) epithelial cells were exposed to either hypoxia (1% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) during 24 h, with or without transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. mRNA expression of genes and proteins related to disease pathology were analysed with qPCR, ELISA or immunocytochemistry. Alterations in cell viability and metabolic activity were determined.Results: In BEAS-2B and hAELVi, hypoxia significantly dowregulated genes related to fibrosis, mitochondrial stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation whereas VEGF receptor 2 increased. Hypoxia increased the expression of Tenascin-C, whereas both hypoxia and TGF-β1 stimuli increased the release of VEGF, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in BEAS-2B. In hAELVi, hypoxia reduced the release of fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, PGE2, IL-6 and IL-8, whereas TGF-β1 stimulus significantly increased the release of PGE2 and IL-6. TGF-β1 stimulated BEAS-2B cells showed a decreased release of VEGF-A and IL-8, while TGF-β1 stimulated hAELVi cells showed a decreased release of PGE2 and IL-8 during hypoxia compared to normoxia. Metabolic activity was significantly increased by hypoxia in both epithelial cell types.Discussion: In conclusion, our data indicate that bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells respond differently to hypoxia and profibrotic stimuli. The bronchial epithelium appears more responsive to changes in oxygen levels and remodelling processes compared to the alveoli, suggesting that hypoxia may be a driver of pathogenesis in chronic lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Ryde
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Löfdahl
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arturo Ibáñez-Fonseca
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Larsson-Callerfelt
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Anna-Karin Larsson-Callerfelt,
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2
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Xiao X, Cai W, Ding Z, Shi Y, Fan L, Zhang Q. A2M Serves as Promising Biomarker for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:683-692. [PMID: 37123074 PMCID: PMC10145514 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s407491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often associated with cigarette smoking. However, increasing evidence suggests that non-smoking COPD is much higher than previously thought. This study aims to identify a nonsmoking COPD biomarker and examined its value in diagnosis and prediction of acute exacerbation. Methods A total of 35 stable COPD patients, 70 acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients and 35 healthy control subjects were included. Plasma α 2 macroglobulin (A2M) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method on all participants. Their association with clinical characteristics and lung function parameters were determined by regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Correlation coefficients were evaluated using Pearson's correlation. Results Plasma A2M concentration was decreased and MMP-9 concentration, MMP-9/A2M ratio were elevated in stable COPD patients compared with control groups. And MMP-9 expression was significantly higher in AECOPD patients. A2M level was increased in AECOPD patients with infection compared with those without. In addition, there was no statistical difference in A2M levels between smokers and nonsmokers COPD or healthy control subjects. Furthermore, A2M, MMP-9 and MMP-9/A2M were correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)%, FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FVC), CAT and mMRC score in COPD patients, but had no correlation with fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and concentration of alveolar nitric oxide (CaNO). Conclusion A2M is altered in peripheral blood of COPD patients and correlated with severity and infection. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the change in A2M and smoking, FeNO and CaNO, suggesting A2M may reflect the overall rather than local inflammation in COPD patients and serve as a potential biomarker for nonsmoking COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of the Second Clinical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujia Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qian Zhang, Tel +86-519-81087391, Fax +86-519-88115560, Email
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3
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Ding K, Jiang W, Zhan W, Xiong C, Chen J, Wang Y, Jia H, Lei M. The therapeutic potential of quercetin for cigarette smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2023; 17:17534666231170800. [PMID: 37154390 PMCID: PMC10170608 DOI: 10.1177/17534666231170800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Quercetin has potentially beneficial therapeutic effects for several diseases, including cigarette smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CS-COPD). Many studies have shown that quercetin's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have positive therapeutic potential for CS-COPD. In addition, quercetin's immunomodulatory, anti-cellular senescence, mitochondrial autophagy-modulating, and gut microbiota-modulating effects may also have therapeutic value for CS-COPD. However, there appears to be no review of the possible mechanisms of quercetin for treating CS-COPD. Moreover, the combination of quercetin with common therapeutic drugs for CS-COPD needs further refinement. Therefore, in this article, after introducing the definition and metabolism of quercetin, and its safety, we comprehensively presented the pathogenesis of CS-COPD related to oxidative stress, inflammation, immunity, cellular senescence, mitochondrial autophagy, and gut microbiota. We then reviewed quercetin's anti-CS-COPD effects, performed by influencing these mechanisms. Finally, we explored the possibility of using quercetin with commonly used drugs for treating CS-COPD, providing a basis for future screening of excellent drug combinations for treating CS-COPD. This review has provided meaningful information on quercetin's mechanisms and clinical use in treating CS-COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Ding
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenling Zhan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunping Xiong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieling Chen
- Shehong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shehong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanan Jia
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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4
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Hill DB, Button B, Rubinstein M, Boucher RC. Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1757-1836. [PMID: 35001665 PMCID: PMC9665957 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid pumping and cough-dependent mechanisms, and mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration. Importantly, mucus transport rates are accurately predicted by the gel-on-brush model of the mucociliary apparatus from the relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary-glycocalyceal (PCL-G) layers. The fluid available to hydrate mucus is generated by transepithelial fluid transport. Feedback interactions between mucus concentrations and cilia beating, via purinergic signaling, coordinate Na+ absorptive vs Cl- secretory rates to maintain mucus hydration in health. In disease, mucus becomes hyperconcentrated (dehydrated). Multiple mechanisms derange the ion transport pathways that normally hydrate mucus in muco-obstructive lung diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A key step in muco-obstructive disease pathogenesis is the osmotic compression of the mucus layer onto the airway surface with the formation of adherent mucus plaques and plugs, particularly in distal airways. Mucus plaques create locally hypoxic conditions and produce airflow obstruction, inflammation, infection, and, ultimately, airway wall damage. Therapies to clear adherent mucus with hydrating and mucolytic agents are rational, and strategies to develop these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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5
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Zhang L, Tian Y, Zhao P, Jin F, Miao Y, Liu Y, Li J. Electroacupuncture attenuates pulmonary vascular remodeling in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via the VEGF/PI3K/Akt pathway. Acupunct Med 2022; 40:389-400. [PMID: 35216533 DOI: 10.1177/09645284221078873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is the main pathological feature of COPD. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the key regulator of angiogenesis, mediates activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, which regulates the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and plays important roles in pulmonary angiogenesis and remodeling in COPD. Here, the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) with respect to regulation of microvascular remodeling induced by VEGF/PI3K/Akt was evaluated in a rat model of COPD. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to blank, COPD model, EA and sham acupuncture (SA) groups. Rats in the EA group received EA at GV14, BL13 and BL23 three times per week, while those in the SA group, as a control, received shallow and minimal electrostimulation at sites 5-10 mm away from the traditional acupuncture point locations. After 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, the optimal treatment duration was determined according to the results of lung function, lung pathology and inflammatory factor levels. Then, microvessel density, protein levels and mRNA expression of selected VEGF/PI3K/Akt pathway intermediates were determined by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, and mRNA qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS EA improved lung function and lung tissue histopathology, with the best effect after 8 weeks of treatment, as noted by reduced density of lung microvessels and expression of angiogenesis-related factors (VEGF and endothelin (ET)-1). EA-treated COPD rats exhibited reduced VEGF, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), ET-1 mRNA and VEGF, VEGFR2, phosphorylated (p)-VEGFR2, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p-mTOR at the protein level in comparison with untreated and SA-treated COPD model rats. CONCLUSION EA had beneficial effects on COPD in this animal model including reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling via mechanisms possibly related to the VEGF/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanli Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufang Miao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Yuan K, Agarwal S, Chakraborty A, Condon DF, Patel H, Zhang S, Huang F, Mello SA, Kirk OI, Vasquez R, de Jesus Perez VA. Lung Pericytes in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:2227-2247. [PMID: 34190345 PMCID: PMC10507675 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes are mesenchymal-derived mural cells localized within the basement membrane of pulmonary and systemic capillaries. Besides structural support, pericytes control vascular tone, produce extracellular matrix components, and cytokines responsible for promoting vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. However, pericytes can also contribute to vascular pathology through the production of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, differentiation into myofibroblast-like cells, destruction of the extracellular matrix, and dissociation from the vessel wall. In the lung, pericytes are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the alveolar-capillary membrane and coordinating vascular repair in response to injury. Loss of pericyte communication with alveolar capillaries and a switch to a pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotype are common features of lung disorders associated with vascular remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this article, we will address how to differentiate pericytes from other cells, discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interactions of pericytes and endothelial cells in the pulmonary circulation, and the experimental tools currently used to study pericyte biology both in vivo and in vitro. We will also discuss evidence that links pericytes to the pathogenesis of clinically relevant lung disorders such as pulmonary hypertension, idiopathic lung fibrosis, sepsis, and SARS-COVID. Future studies dissecting the complex interactions of pericytes with other pulmonary cell populations will likely reveal critical insights into the origin of pulmonary diseases and offer opportunities to develop novel therapeutics to treat patients afflicted with these devastating disorders. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2227-2247, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yuan
- Division of Respiratory Diseases Research, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ananya Chakraborty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David F. Condon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hiral Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Serena Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Flora Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Salvador A. Mello
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Rocio Vasquez
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Vinicio A. de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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7
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Page LK, Staples KJ, Spalluto CM, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Influence of Hypoxia on the Epithelial-Pathogen Interactions in the Lung: Implications for Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653969. [PMID: 33868294 PMCID: PMC8044850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, the lung remains an oxygen rich environment. However, prominent regions of hypoxia are a common feature of infected and inflamed tissues and many chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases are associated with mucosal and systemic hypoxia. The airway epithelium represents a key interface with the external environment and is the first line of defense against potentially harmful agents including respiratory pathogens. The protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers, and the production of an array of antimicrobial host defense molecules, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in response to activation by receptors. Dysregulation of the airway epithelial innate immune response is associated with a compromised immunity and chronic inflammation of the lung. An increasing body of evidence indicates a distinct role for hypoxia in the dysfunction of the airway epithelium and in the responses of both innate immunity and of respiratory pathogens. Here we review the current evidence around the role of tissue hypoxia in modulating the host-pathogen interaction at the airway epithelium. Furthermore, we highlight the work needed to delineate the role of tissue hypoxia in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in addition to novel respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial-pathogen interactions in the setting of hypoxia will enable better understanding of persistent infections and complex disease processes in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and may aid the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Page
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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8
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Porembskaya O, Toropova Y, Tomson V, Lobastov K, Laberko L, Kravchuk V, Saiganov S, Brill A. Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis: A Diagnosis That Strives for Its Independence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145086. [PMID: 32708482 PMCID: PMC7404175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a widespread theory, thrombotic masses are not formed in the pulmonary artery (PA) but result from migration of blood clots from the venous system. This concept has prevailed in clinical practice for more than a century. However, a new technologic era has brought forth more diagnostic possibilities, and it has been shown that thrombotic masses in the PA could, in many cases, be found without any obvious source of emboli. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, sickle cell anemia, emergency and elective surgery, viral pneumonia, and other conditions could be complicated by PA thrombosis development without concomitant deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Different pathologies have different causes for local PA thrombotic process. As evidenced by experimental results and clinical observations, endothelial and platelet activation are the crucial mechanisms of this process. Endothelial dysfunction can impair antithrombotic function of the arterial wall through downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) or via stimulation of adhesion receptor expression. Hypoxia, proinflammatory cytokines, or genetic mutations may underlie the procoagulant phenotype of the PA endothelium. Both endotheliocytes and platelets could be activated by protease mediated receptor (PAR)- and receptors for advanced glycation end (RAGE)-dependent mechanisms. Hypoxia, in particular induced by high altitudes, could play a role in thrombotic complications as a trigger of platelet activity. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms of PA thrombosis in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Porembskaya
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia; (V.K.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +7-92-1310-6629 (O.P.); Tel.: +44-12-1415-8679 (A.B.)
| | - Yana Toropova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia;
| | | | - Kirill Lobastov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; (K.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Leonid Laberko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; (K.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Viacheslav Kravchuk
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia; (V.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Saiganov
- Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia; (V.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.P.); (A.B.); Tel.: +7-92-1310-6629 (O.P.); Tel.: +44-12-1415-8679 (A.B.)
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9
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Cellular signalling pathways mediating the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases: an update. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:795-817. [PMID: 32189104 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Lodge KM, Cowburn AS, Li W, Condliffe AM. The Impact of Hypoxia on Neutrophil Degranulation and Consequences for the Host. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041183. [PMID: 32053993 PMCID: PMC7072819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key effector cells of innate immunity, rapidly recruited to defend the host against invading pathogens. Neutrophils may kill pathogens intracellularly, following phagocytosis, or extracellularly, by degranulation and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps; all of these microbicidal strategies require the deployment of cytotoxic proteins and proteases, packaged during neutrophil development within cytoplasmic granules. Neutrophils operate in infected and inflamed tissues, which can be profoundly hypoxic. Neutrophilic infiltration of hypoxic tissues characterises a myriad of acute and chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases, and as well as potentially protecting the host from pathogens, neutrophil granule products have been implicated in causing collateral tissue damage in these scenarios. This review discusses the evidence for the enhanced secretion of destructive neutrophil granule contents observed in hypoxic environments and the potential mechanisms for this heightened granule exocytosis, highlighting implications for the host. Understanding the dichotomy of the beneficial and detrimental consequences of neutrophil degranulation in hypoxic environments is crucial to inform potential neutrophil-directed therapeutics in order to limit persistent, excessive, or inappropriate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M. Lodge
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.S.C.)
| | - Andrew S. Cowburn
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK; (K.M.L.); (A.S.C.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK;
| | - Alison M. Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
- Correspondence:
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11
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Molecular Characteristics and Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with COPD: A Review Article. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184329. [PMID: 31487864 PMCID: PMC6770145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show systemic consequences, such as chronic systemic inflammation leading to changes in the airway, airway penetrability, and endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by a list of alterations of endothelium towards reduced vasodilation, proinflammatory state, detachment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, and development of atherosclerosis. COPD-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. The increment of physical activities such as pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) training have a significant effect on COPD, thus, PR can be an integrative part of COPD treatment. In this narrative review the focus is on the function of endothelial inflammatory mediators [cytokines, chemokines, and cellular proteases] and pulmonary endothelial cells and endothelial dysfunction in COPD as well as the effects of dysfunction of the endothelium may play in COPD-related pulmonary hypertension. The relationship between smoking and endothelial dysfunction is also discussed. The connection between different pulmonary rehabilitation programs, arterial stiffness and pulse wave velocity (PWV) is presented. Endothelial dysfunction is a significant prognostic factor of COPD, which can be characterized by PWV. We discuss future considerations, like training programs, as an important part of the treatment that has a favorable impact on the endothelial function.
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Lacasse Y, Tan AYM, Maltais F, Krishnan JA. Home Oxygen in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:1254-1264. [PMID: 29547003 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201802-0382ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two landmark trials conducted more than 35 years ago provided scientific evidence that, under very specific circumstances, long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) may prolong life. These two trials enrolled 290 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and severe daytime hypoxemia documented by direct arterial blood gas measurement. From that time, LTOT became a standard of care, and the indications for oxygen therapy expanded to include nocturnal oxygen therapy for isolated nocturnal oxygen desaturation, ambulatory oxygen to correct exercise-induced desaturation, and short-burst oxygen to relieve dyspnea. In most cases, the rationale for broadening the indications for oxygen therapy is that, if hypoxemia exists, correcting it by increasing the FiO2 should help. However, with the exception of LTOT in severely hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, randomized controlled trials of oxygen therapy have failed to demonstrate clinically significant benefits. Also, adherence to LTOT is usually suboptimal. Important areas for future research include improving understanding of the mechanisms of action of supplemental oxygen, the clinical and biochemical predictors of responsiveness to LTOT, the methods for measuring and enhancing adherence to LTOT, and the cost-effectiveness of oxygen therapy. A standardization of terminology to describe the use of supplemental oxygen at home is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Lacasse
- 1 Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Ai-Yui M Tan
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - François Maltais
- 1 Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Arabipour I, Amani J, Mirhosseini SA, Salimian J. The study of genes and signal transduction pathways involved in mustard lung injury: A gene therapy approach. Gene 2019; 714:143968. [PMID: 31323308 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a destructive and harmful chemical agent for the eyes, skin and lungs that causes short-term and long-term lesions and was widely used in Iraq war against Iran (1980-1988). SM causes DNA damages, oxidative stress, and Inflammation. Considering the similarities between SM and COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) pathogens and limited available treatments, a novel therapeutic approach is not developed. Gene therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that uses genetic engineering science in treatment of most diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, attempts to presenting a comprehensive study of mustard lung and introducing the genes therapy involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphasizing the pathways and genes involved in the pathology and pathogenesis of sulfur Mustard. It seems that, given the high potential of gene therapy and the fact that this experimental technique is a candidate for the treatment of pulmonary diseases, further study of genes, vectors and gene transfer systems can draw a very positive perspective of gene therapy in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Arabipour
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Fu X, Zhang F. Role of the HIF-1 signaling pathway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4553-4561. [PMID: 30542404 PMCID: PMC6257248 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common cause of chronic morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying COPD remain largely unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the expression patterns of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor 2 (R2) in regard to the HIF-1 signaling pathway in COPD. The expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and VEGFR2 were examined and quantified in the human lung tissues of 102 subjects with a defined smoking status, with or without COPD. The expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and VEGFR2 were observed to be increased in the lung tissues collected from smoking COPD subjects when compared with those tissues from smoking subjects without COPD and non-smoking subjects without COPD. The expression of HIF-1α was shown to be positively associated with the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2. In addition, increased expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and VEGFR2 reflected the disease severity of COPD. The key findings obtained from the present study indicated that high expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and VEGFR2 may be associated with decreased lung function and reduced quality of life, contributing to disease progression in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The No. 5 Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, P.R. China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The No. 5 Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, P.R. China
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15
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De la Garza MM, Cumpian AM, Daliri S, Castro-Pando S, Umer M, Gong L, Khosravi N, Caetano MS, Ramos-Castañeda M, Flores AG, Beltran EC, Tran HT, Tuvim MJ, Ostrin EJ, Dickey BF, Evans CM, Moghaddam SJ. COPD-Type lung inflammation promotes K-ras mutant lung cancer through epithelial HIF-1α mediated tumor angiogenesis and proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32972-32983. [PMID: 30250643 PMCID: PMC6152479 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an inflammatory disease of the lung, is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Lung tissues obtained from human smokers with COPD and lung cancer demonstrate hypoxia and up-regulated hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 activation is the central mechanism for controlling the cellular response to hypoxia during inflammation and tumor development. These facts suggest a link between COPD-related airway inflammation, HIF-1, and lung cancer. We have previously established a mouse model of COPD-like airway inflammation that promotes lung cancer in a K-ras mutant mouse model (CC-LR). Here we show that tumors in the CC-LR model have significantly elevated levels of HIF-1α and HIF-1 activity. To determine the tumor-promoting functions of HIF-1 in CC-LR mice, the gene Hif1a which encodes HIF-1α and is required for HIF-1 activity, was disrupted in the lung epithelium of CC-LR animals. Airway epithelial specific HIF-1α deficient mice demonstrated significant reductions in lung surface tumor numbers, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor cell proliferation in the absence or presence of COPD-like airway inflammation. In addition, when CC-LR mice were bred with transgenic animals that overexpress a constitutively active mutant form of human HIF-1α in the airway epithelium, both COPD- and adenocarcinoma-like phenotypes were observed. HIF-1α overexpressing CC-LR mice had significant emphysema, and they also showed potentiated tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation accompanied by an invasive metastatic phenotype. Our gain and loss of function studies support a key role for HIF-1α in the promotion of lung cancer by COPD-like inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Miguelina De la Garza
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Amber M Cumpian
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Soudabeh Daliri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susana Castro-Pando
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Misha Umer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nasim Khosravi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mauricio S Caetano
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marco Ramos-Castañeda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Garza Flores
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Evelyn C Beltran
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Hai T Tran
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Tuvim
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edwin J Ostrin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Burton F Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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Pan J, Zhan C, Yuan T, Wang W, Shen Y, Sun Y, Wu T, Gu W, Chen L, Yu H. Effects and molecular mechanisms of intrauterine infection/inflammation on lung development. Respir Res 2018; 19:93. [PMID: 29747649 PMCID: PMC5946538 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine infection/inflammation plays an important role in the development of lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants, While a multifactorial genesis is likely, mechanisms involved in BPD after intrauterine infection/inflammation are largely unknown. Recent studies have suggested microRNAs (miRNAs) are likely to play a role. Therefore, this study aimed to study the effects and mechanisms of intrauterine infection/inflammation on lung development, and to identify miRNAs related to lung injury and BPD. METHODS An animal model of intrauterine infection/inflammation was established with pregnant SD rats endocervically inoculated with E.coli. The fetal and neonatal rats were observed at embryonic day (E) 17, 19, 21 and postnatal day (P) 1, 3, 7, 14, respectively. Body weight, lung weight, the expression levels of NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-lβ, IL-6, VEGF, Collagen I, SP-A, SP-B and SP-C in the lung tissues of fetal and neonatal rats were measured. Expression profiles of 1218 kinds of miRNAs in the lungs of neonatal rats were detected by miRNA microarray technique. Target genes of the identified miRNAs were predicted through online software. RESULTS Intrauterine infection/inflammation compromised not only weight development but also lung development of the fetal and neonatal rats. The results showed significantly increased expression of NLRP3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Collagen I, and significantly decreased expression of VEGF, SP-A, SP-B and SP-C in the fetal and neonatal rat lung tissues in intrauterine infection group compared to the control group at different observation time point (P < 0.05). Forty-three miRNAs with significant differential expression were identified. Possible target genes regulated by the identified miRNAs are very rich. CONCLUSIONS Intrauterine infection/inflammation results in lung histological changes which are very similar to those observed in BPD. Possible mechanisms may include NLRP3 inflammasome activation followed by inflammatory cytokines expression up-regulated, inhibiting the expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins, interfering with lung interstitial development. There are many identified miRNAs which target a wide range of genes and may play an important role in the processes of lung injury and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Pan
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Canyang Zhan
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianming Yuan
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tai Wu
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Therapy of Neonatal Disease, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310052 People’s Republic of China
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Lo CY, Huang HY, He JR, Huang TT, Heh CC, Sheng TF, Chung KF, Kuo HP, Wang CH. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio in smokers with airway hyperresponsiveness and accelerated lung function decline. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:1135-1144. [PMID: 29692608 PMCID: PMC5903494 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s161257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is associated with airway inflammation and a rapid decline in lung function and is a predictor of future risk of COPD among smokers. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) from patients with COPD release a greater amount of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. We hypothesized that the imbalance between MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is related to AHR in smokers. Patients and methods Healthy smokers with AHR (AHR + S) or smokers without AHR (AHR − S; divided according to a methacholine challenge test) and nonsmokers without AHR (AHR − NS) were enrolled. Spirometry was performed during enrollment and repeated after 5 years. Initially, AMs recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were cultured in the presence of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor (SB203580), MAPK kinase (MEK) 1/2 (the MEK of extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] inhibitor, PD98059), or medium alone for 24 h. The release of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in culture supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results A greater reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1 (as a percentage of the predicted value [%pred]), and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) was observed among AHR + S in the 5-year period. There was a higher proportion of neutrophils and a lower proportion of AMs in BAL fluid recovered from AHR + S. Compared to AMs from AHR − NS and AHR − S, AMs from nonsmokers with AHR (AHR + NS) released more MMP-9 and less TIMP-1, with an increase in MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios. The MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in smokers was positively correlated with the annual decline in FEV1%pred, FVC%pred, and MMEF%pred. Both SB203580 and PD98059 significantly reduced MMP-9, but not TIMP-1, from AMs of smokers. Conclusion AMs of AHR + NS produce excessive MMP-9 over TIMP-1, which may be a predictor of the development of airway obstruction. Inhibition of p38 MAPK and ERK suppresses the generation of MMP-9 by AMs from smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ru He
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Heh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Fang Sheng
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Westergren-Thorsson G, Bagher M, Andersson-Sjöland A, Thiman L, Löfdahl CG, Hallgren O, Bjermer L, Larsson-Callerfelt AK. VEGF synthesis is induced by prostacyclin and TGF-β in distal lung fibroblasts from COPD patients and control subjects: Implications for pulmonary vascular remodelling. Respirology 2017; 23:68-75. [PMID: 28834088 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Involvement of pulmonary vascular remodelling is a characteristic sign in COPD. Vascular mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostacyclin may regulate fibroblast activity. The objective was to study the synthesis of VEGF and interactions with prostacyclin and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in lung fibroblasts from patients with COPD and healthy control subjects. To further explore the autocrine role of synthesized VEGF on fibroblast activity, studies were performed in human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1). METHODS Primary distal lung fibroblast cultures were established from healthy individuals and from COPD patients (GOLD stage IV). Lung fibroblasts were stimulated with the prostacyclin analogue iloprost and the profibrotic stimuli TGF-β1 . VEGF synthesis was measured in the cell culture medium. Changes in proliferation rate, migration and synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins proteoglycans were analysed after stimulations with VEGF-A isoform 165 (VEGF165 ; 1-10 000 pg/mL) in HFL-1. RESULTS Iloprost and TGF-β1 significantly increased VEGF synthesis in both fibroblasts from COPD patients and control subjects. TGF-β1 -induced VEGF synthesis was significantly reduced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin in fibroblasts from COPD patients. VEGF significantly increased proliferation rate and migration capacity in HFL-1. VEGF also significantly increased synthesis of the ECM proteins biglycan and perlecan. The VEGF receptors (VEGFR), VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3, were all expressed in primary lung fibroblasts and HFL-1. CONCLUSION VEGF is synthesized in high amounts by distal lung fibroblasts and may have a crucial role in ongoing vascular remodelling processes in the distal lung compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariam Bagher
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika Andersson-Sjöland
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Thiman
- Unit of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Löfdahl
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory, Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Roflumilast treatment inhibits lung carcinogenesis in benzo(a)pyrene-induced murine lung cancer model. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:189-195. [PMID: 28684234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Roflumilast, a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), has been used in treatment of COPD. PDE4 inhibitor is associated with inhibition of chronic airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and mesenchymal markers in B(a)P-induced lung tumors. The aim of this study was to assess whether roflumilast alone or added to inhaled budesonide might have dose-dependent inhibition on lung carcinogenesis induced by carcinogen B(a)P in mice. Female A/J mice were given a single dose of benzo(a)pyrene. Administration of roflumilast (1mg/kg or 5mg/kg) via oral gavage and aerosolized budesonide (2.25mg/ml) began 2 weeks post-carcinogen treatment and continued for 26 weeks. Tumor load was determined by averaging the total tumor volume in each group. Benzo(a)pyrene induced an average tumor size of 9.38 ± 1.75 tumors per mouse, with an average tumor load of 19.53 ± 3.81mm3. Roflumilast 5mg/kg treatment decreased (P < 0.05) tumor load per mouse compared to the B(a)P group. Roflumilast 5mg/kg treatment significantly increased the levels of cAMP in tumors with adjacent lung tissues (P < 0.05). The expression level of PDE4D gene was decreased by roflumilast 5mg/kg treatment, significantly (P < 0.05). Compared to the B(a)P exposure group, expression levels of HIF-1α and VEGFA were attenuated by roflumilast 5mg/kg treatment (P < 0.05). High-dose roflumilast can attenuate lung carcinogenesis in B(a)P-induced murine lung cancer model. The chemopreventive effect of roflumilast might be associated with inhibition of increased cAMP-mediated inflammatory process and markers of angiogenesis in tumor tissues.
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Livraghi-Butrico A, Grubb BR, Wilkinson KJ, Volmer AS, Burns KA, Evans CM, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC. Contribution of mucus concentration and secreted mucins Muc5ac and Muc5b to the pathogenesis of muco-obstructive lung disease. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:395-407. [PMID: 27435107 PMCID: PMC5250616 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Airway diseases, including cigarette smoke-induced chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, and primary ciliary dyskinesia are associated with decreased mucociliary clearance (MCC). However, it is not known whether a simple reduction in MCC or concentration-dependent mucus adhesion to airway surfaces dominates disease pathogenesis or whether decreasing the concentration of secreted mucins may be therapeutic. To address these questions, Scnn1b-Tg mice, which exhibit airway mucus dehydration/adhesion, were compared and crossed with Muc5b- and Muc5ac-deficient mice. Absence of Muc5b caused a 90% reduction in MCC, whereas Scnn1b-Tg mice exhibited an ∼50% reduction. However, the degree of MCC reduction did not correlate with bronchitic airway pathology, which was observed only in Scnn1b-Tg mice. Ablation of Muc5b significantly reduced the extent of mucus plugging in Scnn1b-Tg mice. However, complete absence of Muc5b in Scnn1b-Tg mice was associated with increased airway inflammation, suggesting that Muc5b is required to maintain immune homeostasis. Loss of Muc5ac had few phenotypic consequences in Scnn1b-Tg mice. These data suggest that: (i) mucus hyperconcentration dominates over MCC reduction alone to produce bronchitic airway pathology; (ii) Muc5b is the dominant contributor to the Scnn1b-Tg phenotype; and (iii) therapies that limit mucin secretion may reduce plugging, but complete Muc5b removal from airway surfaces may be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Livraghi-Butrico
- University of North Carolina Marsico Lung Institute/ Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Rd. 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Barbara R. Grubb
- University of North Carolina Marsico Lung Institute/ Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Rd. 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen J. Wilkinson
- University of North Carolina Marsico Lung Institute/ Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Rd. 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison S. Volmer
- University of North Carolina Marsico Lung Institute/ Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Rd. 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Burns
- University of North Carolina Marsico Lung Institute/ Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Rd. 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Mailstop 8611, Research Complex 2, Room 3121, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Wanda K. O'Neal
- University of North Carolina Marsico Lung Institute/ Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Rd. 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- University of North Carolina Marsico Lung Institute/ Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Rd. 27599, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Green CE, Turner AM. The role of the endothelium in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Res 2017; 18:20. [PMID: 28100233 PMCID: PMC5241996 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD and asthma are important chronic inflammatory disorders with a high associated morbidity. Much research has concentrated on the role of inflammatory cells, such as the neutrophil, in these diseases, but relatively little focus has been given to the endothelial tissue, through which inflammatory cells must transmigrate to reach the lung parenchyma and cause damage. There is evidence that there is an abnormal amount of endothelial tissue in COPD and asthma and that this tissue and its’ progenitor cells behave in a dysfunctional manner. This article reviews the evidence of the involvement of pulmonary endothelium in COPD and asthma and potential treatment options for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara E Green
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Alice M Turner
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Hoenderdos K, Lodge KM, Hirst RA, Chen C, Palazzo SGC, Emerenciana A, Summers C, Angyal A, Porter L, Juss JK, O'Callaghan C, Chilvers ER, Condliffe AM. Hypoxia upregulates neutrophil degranulation and potential for tissue injury. Thorax 2016; 71:1030-1038. [PMID: 27581620 PMCID: PMC5099189 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The inflamed bronchial mucosal surface is a profoundly hypoxic environment. Neutrophilic airway inflammation and neutrophil-derived proteases have been linked to disease progression in conditions such as COPD and cystic fibrosis, but the effects of hypoxia on potentially harmful neutrophil functional responses such as degranulation are unknown. Methods and results Following exposure to hypoxia (0.8% oxygen, 3 kPa for 4 h), neutrophils stimulated with inflammatory agonists (granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor or platelet-activating factor and formylated peptide) displayed a markedly augmented (twofold to sixfold) release of azurophilic (neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase), specific (lactoferrin) and gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase-9) granule contents. Neutrophil supernatants derived under hypoxic but not normoxic conditions induced extensive airway epithelial cell detachment and death, which was prevented by coincubation with the antiprotease α-1 antitrypsin; both normoxic and hypoxic supernatants impaired ciliary function. Surprisingly, the hypoxic upregulation of neutrophil degranulation was not dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), nor was it fully reversed by inhibition of phospholipase C signalling. Hypoxia augmented the resting and cytokine-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT, and inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)γ (but not other PI3K isoforms) prevented the hypoxic upregulation of neutrophil elastase release. Conclusion Hypoxia augments neutrophil degranulation and confers enhanced potential for damage to respiratory airway epithelial cells in a HIF-independent but PI3Kγ-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hoenderdos
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert A Hirst
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Adri Angyal
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Linsey Porter
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jatinder K Juss
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Portex Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alison M Condliffe
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Nakamichi R, Miranda EP, Lobo SMDV, Tristão VR, Dalboni MA, Quinto BMR, Batista MC. Action of nicotinic acid on the reversion of hypoxic-inflammatory link on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:91. [PMID: 27164826 PMCID: PMC4862071 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia resulting from adipocyte expansion is considered the basis of the inflammatory milieu observed in Metabolic Syndrome. Nicotinic acid can act on adipocytes interfering on the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the role of HIF-1 α (hypoxia-inducible factor -1 alpha) in the inflammatory process induced by hypoxia. The effect of nicotinic acid on the PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) expression during the inflammatory response was assessed over its action under HIF-1 α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes submitted to hypoxia. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were pre-treated with nicotinic acid and incubated under hypoxic conditions. The level of adipokines and HIF-1 α were quantified using immunoassays. Adipokine expression was measured using real-time PCR, whereas PPARs and HIF-1 α expression were analyzed by western blot. The statistical significance of the differences between variables studied was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by Bonferroni’s test. Results The results demonstrated an increase in leptin and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) expression, while adiponectin production decreased under hypoxia. In parallel, induction with hypoxia enhanced HIF-1 α expression, despite causing reduced expression of PPAR α and PPAR γ. However, nicotinic acid reversed adipokine modulation under hypoxic conditions, leading to decreased HIF-1 α expression and increased PPARs expression. Conclusions Our findings suggest that nicotinic acid blunt the inflammatory response resulting from hypoxia by the reduction of HIF-1 α expression and concomitant increase of PPARs α and γ expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Nakamichi
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 781, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Erika Prates Miranda
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 781, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Madeira de Vergueiro Lobo
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 781, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Regina Tristão
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 781, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Dalboni
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 781, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beata Marie Redublo Quinto
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 781, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Costa Batista
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 781, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, Brazil.,Dialysis Unit, Intensive Care Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Nephrology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
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XU CHUNMEI, DONG WEIGUO. Role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in pathogenesis and disease evaluation of ulcerative colitis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1330-1334. [PMID: 27073444 PMCID: PMC4812492 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to measure hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in serum and colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and to analyze its role in the pathogenesis, disease activity and severity of UC. A total of 47 UC patients and 13 UC in remission patients were recruited for the present study. Ten healthy subjects were also included to serve as controls. HIF-1α in the serum was measured using ELISA. The citrate-microwave-SP immunohistochemical method was used to measure the expression of HIF-1α in colonic mucosa. The results showed that, HIF-1α in serum was notably higher in UC patients (73.21±28.65) than UC in remission patients (44.54±14.75) and controls (42.83±15.49). The difference between UC patients and UC in remission patients was significant (P<0.05). A correlation analysis revealed that, the HIF-1α level in serum was positively associated with disease activity, disease severity and endoscopic grade. The expression of HIF-1α in colonic mucosa of UC patients was (58.05±13.83) higher than that in UC in remission patients (3.00±2.72) and controls (3.04±2.69) and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). A positive correlation was identified between the expression of HIF-1α in colonic mucosa and the disease activity, severity and endoscopic grade. Thus, the present findings indicated that, HIF-1α is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC and may serve as a biomarker to evaluate disease activity and severity in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHUNMEI XU
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - WEIGUO DONG
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Papp Á, Bene Z, Gáspár I, Nagy B, Kádár L, Márialigeti T, Bánfi A, Baktai G, Balla G, Nagy B. Decreased VEGF Level Is Associated with Elevated Ferritin Concentration in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Children with Interstitial Lung Diseases. Respiration 2015; 90:443-450. [PMID: 26473738 DOI: 10.1159/000440888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decreased level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was previously described in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of adults with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) due to bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis and its proteolytic degradation. Elevated intrapulmonary ferritin was produced by alveolar cells that promoted oxidative injury in such patients. OBJECTIVES In this study, we analyzed the concentrations of VEGF and ferritin in BALF samples of ILD children and studied the relationship between their levels and the degree of inflammation. METHODS BALF and serum concentration of VEGF as well as ferritin and albumin in BALF samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in children with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (n = 16), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 11) and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (n = 3). Twenty-four age- and gender-matched subjects with suspicious foreign body aspiration served as a control group. RESULTS VEGF per albumin levels in BALF were significantly decreased in ILD children compared to controls (1,075 [784-1,415] pg/mg albumin vs. 2,741 [1,131-4,660] pg/mg albumin, p = 0.0008). These values showed a significant negative correlation with inflammatory markers of total immune cell count in BALF (r = -0.411, p = 0.002) and serum C-reactive protein (r = -0.367, p = 0.006). Although serum VEGF was augmented in ILD children versus controls, no difference was observed among the ILD groups. In addition, BALF ferritin/albumin level (688 [188-1,571] ng/mg albumin vs. 256 [178-350] ng/mg albumin, p = 0.022) was significantly higher than normal in ILD individuals, especially in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. CONCLUSION Depressed VEGF and increased ferritin in BALF may reflect the severity of chronic pulmonary inflammation in altered respiratory epithelium of childhood ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Papp
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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The regulation of pulmonary inflammation by the hypoxia-inducible factor-hydroxylase oxygen-sensing pathway. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 11 Suppl 5:S271-6. [PMID: 25525731 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201403-108aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-hydroxylase oxygen-sensing pathway has been extensively reviewed in the context of cellular responses to hypoxia and cancer biology, its importance in regulating innate immune biology is less well described. In this review, we focus on the role of the HIF-hydroxylase pathway in regulating myeloid cell responses and its relevance to inflammatory lung disease. The more specific roles of individual HIF/ prolyl hydroxylase pathway members in vivo are discussed in the context of lineage-specific rodent models of inflammation, with final reference made to the therapeutic challenges of targeting the HIF/hydroxylase pathway in immune cells.
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Wagner K, Gröger M, McCook O, Scheuerle A, Asfar P, Stahl B, Huber-Lang M, Ignatius A, Jung B, Duechs M, Möller P, Georgieff M, Calzia E, Radermacher P, Wagner F. Blunt Chest Trauma in Mice after Cigarette Smoke-Exposure: Effects of Mechanical Ventilation with 100% O2. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26225825 PMCID: PMC4520521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) aggravates post-traumatic acute lung injury and increases ventilator-induced lung injury due to more severe tissue inflammation and apoptosis. Hyper-inflammation after chest trauma is due to the physical damage, the drop in alveolar PO2, and the consecutive hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that 1) CS exposure prior to blunt chest trauma causes more severe post-traumatic inflammation and thereby aggravates lung injury, and that 2) hyperoxia may attenuate this effect. Immediately after blast wave-induced blunt chest trauma, mice (n=32) with or without 3-4 weeks of CS exposure underwent 4 hours of pressure-controlled, thoraco-pulmonary compliance-titrated, lung-protective mechanical ventilation with air or 100 % O2. Hemodynamics, lung mechanics, gas exchange, and acid-base status were measured together with blood and tissue cytokine and chemokine concentrations, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), activated caspase-3, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) expression, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, nitrotyrosine formation, purinergic receptor 2X4 (P2XR4) and 2X7 (P2XR7) expression, and histological scoring. CS exposure prior to chest trauma lead to higher pulmonary compliance and lower PaO2 and Horovitz-index, associated with increased tissue IL-18 and blood MCP-1 concentrations, a 2-4-fold higher inflammatory cell infiltration, and more pronounced alveolar membrane thickening. This effect coincided with increased activated caspase-3, nitrotyrosine, P2XR4, and P2XR7 expression, NF-κB activation, and reduced HIF-1α expression. Hyperoxia did not further affect lung mechanics, gas exchange, pulmonary and systemic cytokine and chemokine concentrations, or histological scoring, except for some patchy alveolar edema in CS exposed mice. However, hyperoxia attenuated tissue HIF-1α, nitrotyrosine, P2XR7, and P2XR4 expression, while it increased HO-1 formation in CS exposed mice. Overall, CS exposure aggravated post-traumatic inflammation, nitrosative stress and thereby organ dysfunction and injury; short-term, lung-protective, hyperoxic mechanical ventilation have no major beneficial effect despite attenuation of nitrosative stress, possibly due to compensation of by regional alveolar hypoxia and/or consecutive hypoxemia, resulting in down-regulation of HIF-1α expression.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Lung Injury/etiology
- Acute Lung Injury/physiopathology
- Acute Lung Injury/therapy
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Hyperoxia/complications
- Hyperoxia/pathology
- Hyperoxia/physiopathology
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oxidative Stress
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy
- Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X/metabolism
- Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects
- Smoking/adverse effects
- Thoracic Injuries/complications
- Thoracic Injuries/physiopathology
- Thoracic Injuries/therapy
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/physiopathology
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Wagner
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Ulm, Germany
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Gröger
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oscar McCook
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Pierre Asfar
- Laboratoire HIFIH, UPRES EA 3859, PRES l’UNAM, IFR 132, CNRS UMR 6214, INSERM U1083, Université Angers, Département de Réanimation Médicale et de Médecine Hyperbare, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Bettina Stahl
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institut für Unfallchirurgische Forschung und Biomechanik, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Jung
- Abteilung Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Matthias Duechs
- Abteilung Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Calzia
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Wagner
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Ulm, Germany
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
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Wang J, Fu X, Yang K, Jiang Q, Chen Y, Jia J, Duan X, Wang EW, He J, Ran P, Zhong N, Semenza GL, Lu W. Hypoxia inducible factor-1-dependent up-regulation of BMP4 mediates hypoxia-induced increase of TRPC expression in PASMCs. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:108-18. [PMID: 25824146 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previously we demonstrated that both hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) up-regulate transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 1 and TRPC6, resulting in increased basal intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), driving development of chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced pulmonary hypertension (CHPH). This study aims to determine whether HIF-1 regulates BMP4, and whether BMP4 mediates TRPC and basal [Ca(2+)]i increases in hypoxic PASMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS The level of BMP4 mature protein was increased for ∼183% in distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle (PA) from CH (10% O2 for 21 days; CH) exposed rats, and 143% in PASMCs cultured under prolonged hypoxia (4% O2 for 60 h). In rat PASMCs, HIF-1α overexpression up-regulated, whereas HIF-1α knockdown under hypoxia decreased BMP4 expression; site-mutation identified two functional HIF-1-binding sites in Bmp4 gene promoter; noggin or BMP4 siRNA treatment blocked hypoxia-induced increases of TRPC1 and TRPC6 expression and basal [Ca(2+)]i. Likewise, in mice, exposure to CH increased BMP4 expression in distal PA for ∼80%, which was absent in HIF-1α heterozygous mutant mice. Comparing with wild-type littermates, BMP4 heterozygous mutant mice exposed to CH displayed lower BMP4 and TRPC levels in PA, decreased basal [Ca(2+)]i in PASMCs, and attenuated CHPH. In human PASMCs, HIF-1α knockdown attenuated hypoxia-induced BMP4 expression and knockdown of either HIF-1α or BMP4 abolished hypoxia-induced TRPC expression and basal [Ca(2+)]i. CONCLUSIONS BMP4 acts downstream of HIF-1 and mediates hypoxia-induced up-regulation of TRPC, leading to increased basal [Ca(2+)]i in PASMCs, promoting CHPH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Jing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | | | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Påhlman LI, Jögi A, Gram M, Mori M, Egesten A. Hypoxia down-regulates expression of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in bronchial epithelial cells via TGF-β1. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:19. [PMID: 25851169 PMCID: PMC4379733 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a protein with anti-protease and antimicrobial properties that is constitutively secreted from the airway epithelium. The importance of maintaining a balance between proteases and anti-proteases, and robust innate defence mechanisms in the airways, is exemplified by inflammatory lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). Both conditions present with a high protease burden in the airways which leads to tissue destruction. These patients also have an impaired innate immune system in the lungs with bacterial colonization and frequent airway infections. Moreover, both diseases are associated with airway hypoxia due to inflammation and mucus plugs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of hypoxia on SLPI production from the airway epithelium. Methods Primary human bronchial epithelial cells were grown in sub-immersed cultures or as differentiated epithelium in air liquid interface cultures. Cells were incubated at 21% O2 (normoxia) or 1% O2 (hypoxia), and the release of SLPI was analysed with ELISA. RT-PCR was used to study the expression of SLPI and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Results Hypoxia decreased the constitutive production of SLPI by bronchial epithelial cells. The multifunctional cytokine TGF-β1, which is known to affect SLPI expression, showed increased expression in hypoxic bronchial epithelial cells. When bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to exogenous TGF-β1 during normoxia, the SLPI production was down-regulated. Addition of TGF-β1-neutralizing antibodies partially restored SLPI production during hypoxia, showing that TGF-β1 is an important regulator of SLPI during hypoxic conditions. Conclusions The mechanism described here adds to our knowledge of the pathogenesis of severe pulmonary diseases associated with hypoxia, e.g. COPD and CF. The hypoxic down-regulation of SLPI may help explain the protease/anti-protease imbalance associated with these conditions and vulnerability to airway infections. Furthermore, it provides an interesting target for the treatment and prevention of exacerbation in these patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-015-0016-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Dournes G, Laurent F, Coste F, Dromer C, Blanchard E, Picard F, Baldacci F, Montaudon M, Girodet PO, Marthan R, Berger P. Computed Tomographic Measurement of Airway Remodeling and Emphysema in Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Correlation with Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:63-70. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1423oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in response to injury and hypoxia*. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:2312-3. [PMID: 25226132 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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32
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Domej W, Oettl K, Renner W. Oxidative stress and free radicals in COPD--implications and relevance for treatment. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9:1207-24. [PMID: 25378921 PMCID: PMC4207545 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s51226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when free radicals and other reactive species overwhelm the availability of antioxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species, and their counterpart antioxidant agents are essential for physiological signaling and host defense, as well as for the evolution and persistence of inflammation. When their normal steady state is disturbed, imbalances between oxidants and antioxidants may provoke pathological reactions causing a range of nonrespiratory and respiratory diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the respiratory system, ROS may be either exogenous from more or less inhalative gaseous or particulate agents such as air pollutants, cigarette smoke, ambient high-altitude hypoxia, and some occupational dusts, or endogenously generated in the context of defense mechanisms against such infectious pathogens as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. ROS may also damage body tissues depending on the amount and duration of exposure and may further act as triggers for enzymatically generated ROS released from respiratory, immune, and inflammatory cells. This paper focuses on the general relevance of free radicals for the development and progression of both COPD and pulmonary emphysema as well as novel perspectives on therapeutic options. Unfortunately, current treatment options do not suffice to prevent chronic airway inflammation and are not yet able to substantially alter the course of COPD. Effective therapeutic antioxidant measures are urgently needed to control and mitigate local as well as systemic oxygen bursts in COPD and other respiratory diseases. In addition to current therapeutic prospects and aspects of genomic medicine, trending research topics in COPD are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Domej
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Oettl
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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