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Abubakar M, Irfan U, Abdelkhalek A, Javed I, Khokhar MI, Shakil F, Raza S, Salim SS, Altaf MM, Habib R, Ahmed S, Ahmed F. Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Conventional and Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosing and Predicting Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Heart Failure, a Comprehensive Literature Review. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10540-8. [PMID: 38995611 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and heart failure (HF) are major global health issues with high morbidity and mortality rates. Biomarkers like cardiac troponins (cTn) and natriuretic peptides (NPs) are crucial tools in cardiology, but numerous new biomarkers have emerged, proving increasingly valuable in CAD/ACS. These biomarkers are classified based on their mechanisms, such as fibrosis, metabolism, inflammation, and congestion. The integration of established and emerging biomarkers into clinical practice is an ongoing process, and recognizing their strengths and limitations is crucial for their accurate interpretation, incorporation into clinical settings, and improved management of CVD patients. We explored established biomarkers like cTn, NPs, and CRP, alongside newer biomarkers such as Apo-A1, IL-17E, IgA, Gal-3, sST2, GDF-15, MPO, H-FABP, Lp-PLA2, and ncRNAs; provided evidence of their utility in CAD/ACS diagnosis and prognosis; and empowered clinicians to confidently integrate these biomarkers into clinical practice based on solid evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, 6 Birdwood Road, Jinnah Town, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Umema Irfan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahmad Abdelkhalek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Izzah Javed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, 6 Birdwood Road, Jinnah Town, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Fraz Shakil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saud Raza
- Department of Anesthesia, Social Security Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Siffat Saima Salim
- Department of Surgery, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Mahran Altaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, 6 Birdwood Road, Jinnah Town, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Habib
- Department of Internal Medicine and Emergency, Indus Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Simra Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farea Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ziauddin Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Haghmorad D, Soltanmohammadi A, Jadid Tavaf M, Zargarani S, Yazdanpanah E, Shadab A, Yousefi B. The protective role of interaction between vitamin D, sex hormones and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:735-753. [PMID: 36369838 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2147431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that causes disability and paralysis, especially among young adults. Although interactions of several factors, such as viral infections, autoimmunity, genetic and environmental factors, performance a role in the beginning and progression of the disease, the exact cause of MS is unknown to date. Different immune cells such as Th1 and Th17 play an impressive role in the immunopathogenesis of MS, while, regulatory cells such as Th2 and Treg diminish the severity of the illness. Sex hormones have a vital role in many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Testosterone, estrogen and progesterone have various roles in the progress of MS, which higher prevalence of disease in women and more severe in men reveals the importance of sex hormones' role in this disease. Vitamin D after chemical changes in the body, as an active hormone called calcitriol, plays an important role in regulating immune responses and improves MS by modulating the immune system. The optimum level of calcium in the body with vitamin D modulates immune responses and calcium as an essential ion in the body plays a key role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The interaction between vitamin D and sex hormones has protective and therapeutic effects against MS and functional synergy between estrogen and calcitriol occurs in disease recovery. Moreover, vitamin D and calcium interact with each other to regulate the immune system and shift them to anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Jadid Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Cheng W, Maciej R, Thiele H, Büttner P. Galectin-3 levels and long-term all-cause mortality and hospitalization in heart failure patients: a meta-analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38698741 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This meta-analysis investigated the dose-response relationship between circulating galectin-3 levels and adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS PubMed and Embase were screened for studies on galectin-3 and HF. The outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality (ACM), and all-cause mortality or HF-related rehospitalization (ACM/HFR), with a follow-up time of more than 6 months. For categorical variables, comparisons between groups with the highest and lowest galectin-3 levels were pooled. For continuous variables, the risks of ACM and ACM/HFR increase per 1-standard deviation (SD) and 1-unit after logarithmic transformation galectin-3 levels were pooled. A random-effects model was employed to calculate the pooled results, and all pooled results were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Besides, a dose-response analysis was performed. Twenty-four cohort studies were included. In HF patients, higher circulating galectin-3 levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of long-term ACM (HR, 1.65; 95% CI 1.28-2.13; I2 = 66%), and 1 ng/mL increase in galectin-3 was associated with a 4% (HR, 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.06; P = 0.002) increase in hazard. Similarly, higher circulating galectin-3 levels were significantly associated with a higher risk of long-term ACM/HFR (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.00; I2 = 76%), and 1 ng/mL increase in galectin-3 was associated with a 3% (HR, 1.03; 95% CI 1.02-1.04; P < 0.001) increase in hazard. An increase of 1-SD in galectin-3 units was associated with a 29% increased hazard of long-term ACM (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.13-1.48; I2 = 42%) and a 22% increased hazard of ACM/HFR (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.07-1.38; I2 = 60%). Similarly, an increase of 1-log in galectin-3 units was associated with a 98% higher hazard of long-term ACM (HR 1.98; 95% CI 1.48-2.65; I2 = 41%) and an 83% higher hazard of ACM/HFR in HF patients (HR 1.83; 95% CI 1.02-3.28; I2 = 7%). Correlation analysis showed a moderate positive correlation between baseline galectin-3 and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide levels (r = 0.48, P = 0.045) and a weak negative correlation with eGFR (r = -0.39, P = 0.077). CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating galectin-3 levels after hospitalization of HF patients are linearly and positively associated with the risk of long-term ACM and ACM/HFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rosolowski Maciej
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
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Abdel-Fatah R, Mowafey B, Baiomy A, Elmeadawy S. Efficacy of curcumin gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on salivary procalcitonin level in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:883. [PMID: 37981665 PMCID: PMC10658924 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
THE AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of curcumin gel combined with scaling and root planing (SRP) on salivary procalcitonin in periodontitis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS seventy patients were selected from the Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, and sixteen patients were excluded. Patients in groups II and III included stage II grade A periodontitis. The participants were classified into three groups: group I as a negative control group (individuals with healthy gingiva), group II (SRP) were treated with SRP, and group III (curcumin gel) which was applied weekly for four weeks after SRP. Clinical indices (plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing depth (PD)) and saliva samples for procalcitonin (PCT) assessment using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test were collected and measured at both baselines and after six weeks. RESULTS This randomized controlled clinical trial registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05667376) and first posted at 28/12/2022 included Fifty-four patients (20 male; 34 female). Regarding the age and sex distribution, there was no statistically significant difference between the three studied groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant statistical difference regarding PI, GI, PPD, and CAL between group II and group III at baseline p (> 0.05). However, there was a significant statistical difference regarding the clinical parameters at baseline of both group II and group III as compared to group I (p ≤ 0.05). At six weeks after treatment, group III showed greater improvement in the PI, PD, and CAL as opposed to group II (p ≤ 0.05). Regarding PCT values, at baseline, there wasn't a statistically significant difference between group II and group III (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant statistical difference between group II, group III, and group I (p ≤ 0.05). At six weeks after treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in PCT levels of both group II and III (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The application of curcumin gel was found to have a significant effect on all clinical indices as opposed to SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Abdel-Fatah
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Bassant Mowafey
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Azza Baiomy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samah Elmeadawy
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Vucic RM, Andrejic OM, Stokanovic D, Stoimenov TJ, McClements L, Nikolic VN, Sreckovic M, Veselinovic M, Aleksandric S, Popadic V, Zdravkovic M, Pavlovic M. Galectin-3 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with First Acute Myocardial Infarction without Heart Failure. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3348. [PMID: 37958244 PMCID: PMC10647840 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a biomarker involved in a wide range of diseases including cardiac remodeling following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Identification of prognostic markers in patients with AMI can guide strategies towards improved survival and quality of life. METHODS Our study included 59 patients with AMI and a preserved ejection fraction. We determined the Gal-3 plasma concentration within 24 h of chest pain onset from the aortic root, femoral/radial artery, coronary sinus and cubital vein. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were evaluated at six months follow-up. RESULTS MACE at six months post-AMI was recorded in 20 patients (34%). The Gal-3 plasma concentration from the aortic root and the femoral/radial artery were independent predictors of MACE at six months follow-up after the first AMI (OR 1.228; 95%CI: 1.011-1.491; p = 0.038; OR 3.438; 95%CI: 1.275-9.265; p = 0.015). ROC analysis identifies the Gal-3 plasma concentration from the aortic root as a better predictor of MACE or death (cut-off ≥ 10.86 ng/mL; AUC 0.858; 95%CI: 0.744-0.973; p < 0.001) than Gal-3 plasma concentration from the femoral/radial artery (cut-off ≥ 10.18 ng/mL; AUC 0.742; 95%CI: 0.596-0.888; p = 0.006). CONCLUSION the Gal-3 plasma concentration in patients with AMI determined during coronary angiography, especially from the aortic root, within 24 h after chest pain onset is a valuable biomarker of prognosis at six months follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada M. Vucic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Street 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Olivera M. Andrejic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Dragana Stokanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.S.); (V.N.N.)
| | - Tatjana Jevtovic Stoimenov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Valentina N. Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (D.S.); (V.N.N.)
| | - Miodrag Sreckovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Street 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Veselinovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Street 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Srdjan Aleksandric
- Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Viseslav Popadic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milan Pavlovic
- Department of Internal Medicine—Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Centre Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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Făgărășan A, Săsăran M, Gozar L, Crauciuc A, Bănescu C. The Role of Galectin-3 in Predicting Congenital Heart Disease Outcome: A Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10511. [PMID: 37445687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a novel pro-fibrotic biomarker that can predict both right and left cardiac dysfunction caused by various cardiovascular conditions. Its expression seems to be progressively altered with evolving cardiac remodeling processes, even before the onset of heart failure. Hence, Gal-3 has been found to be an individual predictor of acute and chronic heart failure or to serve as part of an integrated biomarker panel that can foresee adverse cardiac outcomes. In congenital heart disease (CHD), Gal-3 correlates with cardiac mortality and complications in both children and adults and is proposed as a therapeutic target in order to reverse the activation of pro-fibrosis pathways that lead to heart failure. Positive associations between serum Gal-3 levels, post-operatory hospitalization rates, complications and ventricular dysfunction have also been reported within studies conducted on patients with CHD who underwent corrective surgery. Thus, this review tried to address the potential utility of Gal-3 in patients with CHD and particularly in those who undergo corrective surgery. The heterogeneity of the literature data and the lack of validation of the results obtained by the current studies on larger cohorts cannot be neglected, though. Further longitudinal research is required to establish how Gal-3 can relate to long-term outcomes in pediatric CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Făgărășan
- Department of Pediatrics III, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Maria Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Liliana Gozar
- Department of Pediatrics III, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Andrei Crauciuc
- Department of Medical Genetics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Claudia Bănescu
- Genetics Department, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gheorghe Marinescu Street no 38, 540136 Târgu Mures, Romania
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Djordjevic A, Zivkovic M, Boskovic M, Dekleva M, Stankovic G, Stankovic A, Djuric T. Variants Tagging LGALS-3 Haplotype Block in Association with First Myocardial Infarction and Plasma Galectin-3 Six Months after the Acute Event. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010109. [PMID: 36672849 PMCID: PMC9859409 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is encoded by LGALS-3, located in a unique haplotype block in Caucasians. According to the Tagger server, rs4040064, rs11628437, and rs7159490 cover 82% (r2 > 0.8) of the genetic variance of this HapBlock. Our aims were to examine the association of their haplotypes with first myocardial infarction (MI), changes in left ventricular echocardiographic parameters over time, and impact on plasma galectin-3 and LGALS-3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both 6 months post-MI. The study group consisted of 546 MI patients and 323 controls. Gene expression was assessed in 92 patients and plasma galectin-3 in 189 patients. Rs4040064, rs11628437, rs7159490, and LGALS-3 mRNA expression were detected using TaqMan® technology. Plasma galectin-3 concentrations were determined by the ELISA method. We found that the TGC haplotype could have a protective effect against MI (adjusted OR 0.19 [0.05-0.72], p = 0.015) and that the GAC haplotype had significantly higher galectin-3 concentrations (48.3 [37.3-59.4] ng/mL vs. 18.9 [14.5-23.4] ng/mL, p < 0.0001), both in males and compared to the referent haplotype GGC. Higher plasma Gal-3 was also associated with higher NYHA class and systolic dysfunction. Our results suggest that variants tagging LGALS-3 HapBlock could reflect plasma Gal-3 levels 6 months post-MI and may have a potential protective effect against MI in men. Further replication, validation, and functional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “Vinca” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-113-408-566 or +381-116-447-485
| | - Maja Zivkovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “Vinca” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Boskovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “Vinca” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Dekleva
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre “Zvezdara”, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Stankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stankovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “Vinca” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Djuric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “Vinca” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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Koberskaya NN, Roshchin FA. Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-89-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Koberskaya
- Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - F. A. Roshchin
- Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
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Ozden O, Yesildas C, Demir M, Surmeli AO, Yesil E, Orscelik O, Celik A. A Novel Indicator of Myocardial Injury after Acute Myocardial Infarction: 'DPP-3'. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221145174. [PMID: 36514254 PMCID: PMC9756349 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221145174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP-3) is an intracellular enzyme that causes hemodynamic instability and cardiac depression in several cases such as cardiogenic shock, sepsis and burns where DPP-3 is released into the blood due to cell death. Data on the effect of higher DPP-3 levels on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients are currently lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DPP-3 levels on ACS patients. METHODS In this prospective study, we included ACS patients including STEMI and non-STEMI groups and a control group to compare various demographic, echocardiographic and laboratory parameters including DPP-3. DPP-3 levels were measured at 24th, 48th, and 72nd h from the onset of symptoms in ACS patients and then compared with left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) for the assessment of left ventricle systolic function. RESULTS A total of 70 ACS patients (age 62.5 ± 11 years, 68.6% male) were recruited and 48 normal individuals were included as control group (age 61.1 ± 10 years, 66.7% male). It has been demonstrated that DPP-3 levels are significantly higher in the ACS group than the control group like troponin I levels. DPP-3 levels were found to be one of the independent predictors of LVEF similar to NT-proBNP and troponin I. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that DPP-3 could be an important indicator of myocardial depression predicting left ventricle systolic function in ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Ozden
- Department of Cardiology, Bahcelievler Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cuma Yesildas
- Department of Cardiology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Demir
- Department of Cardiology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ali Orcun Surmeli
- Department of Cardiology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Emrah Yesil
- Department of Cardiology, Bahcelievler Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Orscelik
- Department of Cardiology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Celik
- Department of Cardiology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey,Ahmet Celık, Department of Cardiology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey.
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Circulating Galectin-3 in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Mild Hypothermia: A Biomarker Sub-Study of the SHOCK-COOL Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237168. [PMID: 36498742 PMCID: PMC9740246 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is considered a potential cardiovascular inflammatory marker that may provide additional risk stratification for patients with acute heart failure. It is unknown whether mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) impacts Gal-3 levels. Therefore, this biomarker study aimed to investigate the effect of MTH on Gal-3. Methods: In the randomized SHOCK-COOL trial, 40 patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infraction (AMI) were randomly assigned to the MTH (33 °C) or control group in a 1:1 ratio. Blood samples were collected on the day of admission/day 1, day 2, and day 3. Gal-3 level kinetics throughout these time points were compared between the MTH and control groups. Additionally, potential correlations between Gal-3 and clinical patient characteristics were assessed. Multiple imputations were performed to account for missing data. Results: In the control group, Gal-3 levels were significantly lower on day 3 than on day 1 (day 1 vs. day 3: 3.84 [IQR 2.04−13.3] vs. 1.79 [IQR 1.23−3.50] ng/mL; p = 0.049). Gal-3 levels were not significantly different on any day between the MTH and control groups (p for interaction = 0.242). Spearman’s rank correlation test showed no significant correlation between Gal-3 levels and sex, age, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and levels of creatine kinase-MB, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and white blood cell counts (all p > 0.05). Patients with lower Gal-3 levels on the first day after admission demonstrated a higher risk of all-cause mortality at 30 days (hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.11−6.42; p = 0.029). In addition, Gal-3 levels on day 1 had a good predictive value for 30-day all-cause mortality with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.696 (95% CI: 0.513−0.879), with an optimal cut-off point of less than 3651 pg/mL. Conclusions: MTH has no effect on Gal-3 levels in patients with CS complicating AMI compared to the control group. In addition, Gal-3 is a relatively stable biomarker, independent of age, sex, and BMI, and Gal-3 levels at admission might predict the risk of 30-day all-cause mortality.
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From Classic to Modern Prognostic Biomarkers in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169168. [PMID: 36012430 PMCID: PMC9409468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all the important advances in its diagnosis and treatment, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of patients at high risk of poor outcomes through the measurement of various biomarker concentrations might contribute to more accurate risk stratification and help to guide more individualized therapeutic strategies, thus improving prognoses. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the role and applications of cardiac biomarkers in risk stratification and prognostic assessment for patients with myocardial infarction. Although there is no ideal biomarker that can provide prognostic information for risk assessment in patients with AMI, the results obtained in recent years are promising. Several novel biomarkers related to the pathophysiological processes found in patients with myocardial infarction, such as inflammation, neurohormonal activation, myocardial stress, myocardial necrosis, cardiac remodeling and vasoactive processes, have been identified; they may bring additional value for AMI prognosis when included in multi-biomarker strategies. Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence algorithms for risk stratification and prognostic assessment in these patients may have an extremely important role in improving outcomes.
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Topf A, Mirna M, Paar V, Motloch LJ, Bacher N, Franz M, Hoppe UC, Kretzschmar D, Lichtenauer M. Differential Diagnosis between Takotsubo Syndrome and Acute Coronary Syndrome—A Prospective Analysis of Novel Cardiovascular Biomarkers for a More Selective Triage. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11112974. [PMID: 35683362 PMCID: PMC9180967 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is clinically indistinguishable from an ACS. Despite the implementation of clinical scoring systems and novel biomarkers, coronary angiography currently remains necessary for differential diagnosis. Methods: 93 patients with chest pain and the suspicion of TTS were enrolled in two study centers. Fetuin-A, IGFBP-2, Galectin-3, and TNF α were determined in serum samples, collected within 24 h after the onset of symptoms. Serum levels of biomarkers were analyzed for the differential diagnostic value between TTS and ACS. Results: Compared to TTS, patients with ACS had significantly lower serum levels of Fetuin-A and IGFBP-2. The cut-off value of Fetuin-A for the identification of TTS compared to ACS was 55.74 μg/mL (sensitivity: 100.0%, specificity: 82.6%, PPV: 63.2%, NPV: 100.0%). An optimal cut-off value for IGFBP-2 for the differential diagnosis between TTS and ACS was determined as 171.77 ng/mL (sensitivity: 76.0%, specificity: 82.6%, PPV: 76.4%, NPV 72.7%). Conclusion: Fetuin-A and IGFBP-2 might facilitate the triage between TTS and ACS and could be therefore of great benefit for the guidance of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Topf
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (V.P.); (L.J.M.); (N.B.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)-57-57418; Fax: +43-(0)-57255-4111
| | - Moritz Mirna
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (V.P.); (L.J.M.); (N.B.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Vera Paar
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (V.P.); (L.J.M.); (N.B.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Lukas J. Motloch
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (V.P.); (L.J.M.); (N.B.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Nina Bacher
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (V.P.); (L.J.M.); (N.B.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcus Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (V.P.); (L.J.M.); (N.B.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Daniel Kretzschmar
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.M.); (V.P.); (L.J.M.); (N.B.); (U.C.H.); (M.L.)
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Omran F, Kyrou I, Osman F, Lim VG, Randeva HS, Chatha K. Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Lessons of the Past and Prospects for the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105680. [PMID: 35628490 PMCID: PMC9143441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major healthcare burden on the population worldwide. Early detection of this disease is important in prevention and treatment to minimise morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are a critical tool to either diagnose, screen, or provide prognostic information for pathological conditions. This review discusses the historical cardiac biomarkers used to detect these conditions, discussing their application and their limitations. Identification of new biomarkers have since replaced these and are now in use in routine clinical practice, but still do not detect all disease. Future cardiac biomarkers are showing promise in early studies, but further studies are required to show their value in improving detection of CVD above the current biomarkers. Additionally, the analytical platforms that would allow them to be adopted in healthcare are yet to be established. There is also the need to identify whether these biomarkers can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, or screening purposes, which will impact their implementation in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Omran
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Faizel Osman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ven Gee Lim
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Harpal Singh Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Kamaljit Chatha
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Correspondence:
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Mitić B, Jovanović A, Nikolić VN, Stokanović D, Andrejić OM, Vučić RM, Pavlović M, Ignjatović A, Momčilović S. Trend of Galectin-3 Levels in Patients with Non-ST-Elevation and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020286. [PMID: 35208606 PMCID: PMC8874376 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Given the fact that galectin-3 has a predictive significance on the development of myocardial dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction, the aim of our study was to examine potential factors that could be important for the dynamics of the concentration of this biomarker in the early postinfarction period. Materials and Methods: This study included 89 patients with a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris (SAP) or the first non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) or ST-elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study group included 23 patients with the first NSTEMI and 42 patients with STEMI, while the control group consisted of 24 patients with SAP hospitalized for elective PCI without a previous MI. All patients had preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Galectin-3 levels were determined on days 1, 5, and 30 after PCI. The significance of various independent variables as predictors of galectin-3 concentration was analyzed after a series of univariate linear regression modeling in a multivariate linear regression model. Results: The average patients’ age was 63.99 ± 9.13 years. Statistically significantly higher values of C-reactive protein were established in STEMI compared to SAP (p < 0.01) or NSTEMI (p < 0.001), whereas WBC count was significantly lower in SAP than in STEMI (p < 0.001) and NSTEMI (p < 0.01) group. Although there were no statistically significant differences in measured galectin-3 concentrations between the examined groups on days 1, 5, and 30 after PCI, HTA, triglyceride level, LA size, treatment with trimetazidine and long-acting nitrates, as well as percentage of LM stenosis and E/A ratio were identified as independent predictors of galectin-3 concentration. Conclusions: In the post-MI period, very early values of galectin-3 correlate mostly with atherosclerosis factors, while on day 30 this biomarker correlates with diastolic dysfunction and “announces” left ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Mitić
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (B.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Andriana Jovanović
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (B.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Valentina N. Nikolić
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (V.N.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Dragana Stokanović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (V.N.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Olivera M. Andrejić
- Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina Street 30, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Rada M. Vučić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica Street 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Milan Pavlović
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjića 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatović
- Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Stefan Momčilović
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center Nis, Blvd Zorana Djindjica 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-605-263-654
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Ruikar K, Aithal M, Shetty P, Dinesh US, Bargale A, Sadashiv R, Sarathkumar E, Khode V, Desai R, Patil P. Placental Expression and Relative Role of Anti-inflammatory Annexin A1 and Animal Lectin Galectin-3 in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 37:60-68. [PMID: 35125694 PMCID: PMC8799813 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) remains the major cause for maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity all over the world. Preeclampsia is associated with maternal, placental aggravated inflammatory response and generalized endothelial damage. AnnexinA1 (AnxA1) is glucocorticoid regulated protein regulates a wide range of cellular and molecular steps of the inflammatory response and is implicated in resolution of inflammation. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), β-galcotoside-binding lectin participates in many functions, both intra- and extracellularly. Recently it has been shown that galectin-3 modulates the inflammation. Role of AnxA1 and Galectin-3 is poorly studied in context with human reproductive disease like Preeclampsia. Therefore, the present study examined the expression of AnxA1 and Gal-3 which are involved in modulation of inflammation and their association in the placental bed of pregnancy with and without PE. The study group consisted of placental bed biopsy tissues obtained from pregnancies with PE (n = 30) and without (n = 30) PE. The expression of AnxA1 and Gal-3 in the placental bed tissues was evaluated quantitatively using Immunohisto-chemistry (IHC), western blot and mRNA expression analysis by quantitative RT-PCR. Our IHC, western blot and RT PCR analyses showed the increase in the expression of AnxA1 and Gal-3 in PE group compared with the normotensive control group (P < 0.001). The increased expression of AnxA1 and Gal-3 in placental bed may be associated with a systemic inflammatory response in PE, suggesting role of AnxA1 and Gal-3 in PE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Ruikar
- grid.414347.10000 0004 1765 8589Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed To Be University), Vijaypur, India ,grid.415414.10000 0004 1765 8845Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Manjunath Aithal
- grid.414347.10000 0004 1765 8589Department of Physiology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed To Be University), Vijaypur, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- grid.414809.00000 0004 1765 9194Department of Biochemistry, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed To Be University), Mangalore, India ,grid.414809.00000 0004 1765 9194Central Research Lab, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Udupi Shastry Dinesh
- grid.415414.10000 0004 1765 8845Department of Pathology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Anil Bargale
- grid.415414.10000 0004 1765 8845Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Roshni Sadashiv
- grid.415414.10000 0004 1765 8845Department of Anatomy, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - E. Sarathkumar
- grid.414809.00000 0004 1765 9194Central Research Lab, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Vitthal Khode
- grid.415414.10000 0004 1765 8845Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Rathnamala Desai
- grid.415414.10000 0004 1765 8845Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- grid.414809.00000 0004 1765 9194Central Research Lab, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010046. [PMID: 35053194 PMCID: PMC8774137 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 plays a prominent role in chronic inflammation and has been implicated in the development of many disease conditions, including heart disease. Galectin-3, a regulatory protein, is elevated in both acute and chronic heart failure and is involved in the inflammatory pathway after injury leading to myocardial tissue remodelling. We discussed the potential utility of galectin-3 as a diagnostic and disease severity/prognostic biomarker in different cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, such as acute ischemic stroke, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Over the last decade there has been a marked increase in the understanding the role of galectin-3 in myocardial fibrosis and inflammation and as a therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction.
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Application of Selected Biomaterials and Stem Cells in the Regeneration of Hard Dental Tissue in Paediatric Dentistry-Based on the Current Literature. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123374. [PMID: 34947723 PMCID: PMC8709498 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the development of the use of biomaterials and their application in medicine is causing rapid changes in the fields of regenerative dentistry. Each year, new research studies allow for the discovery of additional possibilities of dental tissue restoration. The structure and functions of teeth are complex. They consist of several diverse tissues that need to act together to ensure the tooth’s function and durability. The integrity of a tooth’s enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp tissue allows for successful mastication. Biomaterials that are needed in dentistry must withstand excessive loading forces, be biocompatible with the hosts’ tissues, and stable in the oral cavity environment. Moreover, each tooth’s tissue, as well as aesthetic qualities in most cases, should closely resemble the natural dental tissues. This is why tissue regeneration in dentistry is such a challenge. This scientific research focuses on paediatric dentistry, its classification of caries, and the use of biomaterials in rebuilding hard dental tissues. There are several methods described in the study, including classical conservative methods such as caries infiltration or stainless-steel crowns. Several clinical cases are present, allowing a reader to better understand the described methods. Although the biomaterials mentioned in this work are artificial, there is currently ongoing research regarding clinical stem cell applications, which have a high potential for becoming one of the most common techniques of lost dental-tissue regeneration in the near future. The current state of stem cell development is mentioned, as well as the various methods of its possible application in dentistry.
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Liang L, Xie Q, Sun C, Wu Y, Zhang W, Li W. Phospholipase A2 group IIA correlates with circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and modulates cholesterol efflux possibly through regulation of PPAR-γ/LXR-α/ABCA1 in macrophages. J Transl Med 2021; 19:484. [PMID: 34838043 PMCID: PMC8626914 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (sPLA2-IIA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but its role on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level has not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between circulating sPLA2-IIA and HDL-C, and to evaluate if sPLA2-IIA enhances cholesterol efflux capacity through regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), liver X receptor α (LXR-α), and ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1). Methods 131 patients with coronary artery disease were enrolled. The plasma level of sPLA2-IIA was tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and serum lipids were assessed by biochemical analyzer. Human monocyte-macrophage cell line THP-1 was co-incubated with sPLA2-IIA in the presence/absence of selective PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 in vitro. Real-time PCR and Western-blot were employed to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA1, respectively. The cholesterol efflux was evaluated by using an assay kit. Results In subjects, circulating level of sPLA2-IIA was positively related with that of HDL-C (r = 0.196, p = 0.024). The plasma level of sPLA2-IIA was significantly higher in the high HDL-C (≥ 1.04 mmol/L) group (7477.828 pg/mL) than that in low HDL-C (< 1.04 mmol/L) group (5836.92 pg/mL, p = 0.004). For each increase of 1 pg/μl in sPLA2-IIA level, the adjusted odds ratio for HDL-C ≥ 1.04 mmol/L was 1.143. Co-incubation of THP-1 cells with sPLA2-IIA resulted in increased expressions of PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA1, as well as enhanced cholesterol efflux capacity, that were all reversed by administration of GW9662. Conclusions Circulating sPLA2-IIA was positively associated with HDL-C. PPAR-γ/LXR-α/ABCA1 might be responsible for sPLA2-IIA-regulated cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03151-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yuanhui Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Alibrandi A, Williams RC, Lo Giudice A. Analysis of galectin-3 levels as a source of coronary heart disease risk during periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:597-605. [PMID: 33641161 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Different evidence has shown that Galectins have a key role as modulators of cell surface functions and signaling in a wide range of inflammatory diseases during their preclinical stages. The aim of this study was to analyze the association and impact of periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD) on salivary and serum Galectin-3 in patients with periodontitis and CHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the present study, healthy controls (n = 38), periodontitis (n = 40), CHD (n = 39), and a combination of periodontitis +CHD (n = 38) patients were enrolled and analyzed. In each patient, demographic characteristics and a full-mouth clinical periodontal examination were achieved. Moreover, serum and salivary samples were collected to assess Galectin-3 and Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. The Jonckheere-Terpstra p-trend and Spearman's correlation tests as well as uni- and linear regression analyses were used to analyze the study data. RESULTS Patients with periodontitis (serum, p = .003; saliva, p < .001) and periodontitis + CHD groups (serum p = .004; saliva, p < .001) had higher median serum and salivary concentrations of Galectin-3 in comparison with CHD and healthy controls. Serum (p = .006) and salivary (p = .009) Galectin-3 levels were significantly correlated with serum ET-1. The multivariate regression analysis highlighted that periodontitis (p = .047) was the significant predictor of serum Galectin-3 levels while ET-1 (p = .028) was the significant predictor of salivary Galectin-3 levels. CONCLUSION The results showed that patients with periodontitis and periodontitis + CHD presented significant higher serum and salivary Galectin-3 levels in comparison with CHD patients and healthy subjects. Periodontitis and ET-1 were the significant predictors of serum and salivary Galectin-3 levels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ray C Williams
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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20
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Li X, Qiu Q, Tong Q, Wang Y, Yu H, Li F, Xie X, Zhang J. Value of galectin-3 in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and the assessment of coronary artery lesions. Biomark Med 2021; 15:647-657. [PMID: 34039037 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the value of galectin-3 in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the assessment of coronary artery lesions. Methodology: This study recruited 157 patients with coronary artery disease where 102 and 55 of them were subsequently grouped as ACS and non-ACS, respectively. The severity of coronary artery lesions was evaluated by Gensini score and the number of vessels involved. Results: Receiver operator characteristics analyses of galectin-3 yielded an area under the curve of 0.679 in diagnosing ACS. The galectin-3 levels were correlated with Gensini score and the number of vessels involved. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that galectin-3 is an effective auxiliary biomarker for the diagnosis of ACS and assessment of coronary artery lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingchao Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanzhong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyou Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Giglio RV, Stoian AP, Haluzik M, Pafili K, Patti AM, Rizvi AA, Ciaccio M, Papanas N, Rizzo M. Novel molecular markers of cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166148. [PMID: 33892081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes represents the leading risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic hyperglycemia and/or acute post-prandial changes in blood glucose determine an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a fundamental role in endothelial dysfunction and in the nuclear transport of pro-atherogenic transcription factors that activate the "inflammasome". In addition, the glycemic alteration favors the formation and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque through the mechanism of non-enzymatic glycation of different molecules, with the establishment of the so-called "advanced glycosylation end products" (AGE). Laboratory information provided by the level of biomarkers could make a quantitative and qualitative contribution to the clinical process of screening, prediction, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of cardiovascular (CV) risk linked to diabetes. This review describes the importance of specific biomarkers, with particular focus on novel ones, for stratifying and management of diabetes CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Faculty of General Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Martin Haluzik
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kalliopi Pafili
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ali Abbas Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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22
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Ciaccio M, Lo Sasso B, Scazzone C, Gambino CM, Ciaccio AM, Bivona G, Piccoli T, Giglio RV, Agnello L. COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:305. [PMID: 33673697 PMCID: PMC7997244 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a neurotropic virus with a high neuroinvasive potential. Indeed, more than one-third of patients develop neurological symptoms, including confusion, headache, and hypogeusia/ageusia. However, long-term neurological consequences have received little interest compared to respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal manifestations. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the potential SARS-CoV-2 neurological injury that could lead to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). A mutualistic relationship between AD and COVID-19 seems to exist. On the one hand, COVID-19 patients seem to be more prone to developing AD. On the other hand, AD patients could be more susceptible to severe COVID-19. In this review, we sought to provide an overview on the relationship between AD and COVID-19, focusing on the potential role of biomarkers, which could represent precious tool for early identification of COVID-19 patients at high risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ciaccio
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scazzone
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Ciaccio
- Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
| | - Tommaso Piccoli
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.L.S.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.); (G.B.); (R.V.G.); (L.A.)
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23
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Eating Disorders (EDs) refer to a group of psychiatric conditions in which disorderly food intake results in impaired psychological functioning or physical health. Nowadays, these disorders represent an increasing problem in modern society. There are no universally validated clinical parameters to confirm, disprove or simply help to identify EDs except for diagnostic criteria on psychiatric basis. The aim of this study was the assessment of Vitamin D3 level in patients with EDs to understand if it might be a valid clinical biochemistry parameter useful as prognostic marker.
Methods
The sample consists of 28 female patients, who suffer from EDs. Blood samples were examined in terms of blood count, glucose, cholesterol and Vitamin D3 levels. The other clinical biochemistry parameters were analysed to understand if the Vitamin D3 was the only altered parameter.
Results
The parameters that appear altered are glycemia, cholesterol and, in particular, Vitamin D3. Significant results were obtained comparing controls with restrictive-type anorexia nervosa (p value= 0,003) and with purging-type anorexia nervosa (p value= 0,007).
Conclusion
There are currently no universally validated and diagnostic reliable clinical biochemistry parameters for EDs but, in the light of the findings, but our research indicates the potential use of Vitamin D3 as a biomarker for anorexia nervosa.
Level of evidence
Level III: Evidence obtained from a single-center cohort study.
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24
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Cao ZQ, Yu X, Leng P. Research progress on the role of gal-3 in cardio/cerebrovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111066. [PMID: 33378967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (gal-3), a member of the galectin family, is a glycoprotein with high affinity for β-galactoside. Gal-3 is a cytoplasmically synthesized protein that can shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus and can even be transported to the membrane and secreted into the extracellular environment. Cardio/cerebrovascular diseases generally refer to ischemic or hemorrhagic diseases occurring in the heart, brain and systemic tissues, which are characterized by high morbidity, high disability rates and high mortality rates. To date, considerable research has demonstrated that gal-3 expression is aberrantly increased and plays important roles in cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), myocardial fibrosis, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and heart failure (HF). Hence, understanding the biological roles of gal-3 in these diseases may be essential for cardio/cerebrovascular disease treatment and diagnosis to improve patient quality of life. In this review, we summarize current research on the roles of gal-3 in human cardiovascular diseases and potential inhibitors of gal-3, which may provide new strategies for disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Qi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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25
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Blanda V, Bracale UM, Di Taranto MD, Fortunato G. Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239232. [PMID: 33287402 PMCID: PMC7731136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding protein belonging to the lectin family with pleiotropic regulatory activities and several physiological cellular functions, such as cellular growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cellular adhesion, and tissue repair. Inflammation, tissue fibrosis and angiogenesis are the main processes in which Gal-3 is involved. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including organ fibrosis, chronic inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review aims to explore the connections of Gal-3 with cardiovascular diseases since they represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We herein discuss the evidence on the pro-inflammatory role of Gal-3 in the atherogenic process as well as the association with plaque features linked to lesion stability. We report the biological role and molecular mechanisms of Gal-3 in other CVDs, highlighting its involvement in the development of cardiac fibrosis and impaired myocardium remodelling, resulting in heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The role of Gal-3 as a prognostic marker of heart failure is described together with possible diagnostic applications to other CVDs. Finally, we report the tentative use of Gal-3 inhibition as a therapeutic approach to prevent cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Blanda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (G.F.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Umberto Marcello Bracale
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Donata Di Taranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463530
| | - Giuliana Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.B.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE S.C.a r.l. Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80131 Naples, Italy
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26
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Obeid S, Yousif N, Davies A, Loretz R, Saleh L, Niederseer D, Noor HA, Amin H, Mach F, Gencer B, Räber L, Windecker S, Templin C, Nanchen D, Rodondi N, Muller O, Matter CM, von Eckardstein A, Lüscher TF. Prognostic role of plasma galectin-3 levels in acute coronary syndrome. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2020; 9:869-878. [DOI: 10.1177/2048872620974612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aim:
Cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and galectin-3 have emerged as biomarker candidates to predict cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in the general population as well as in patients with coronary artery or renal disease. However, their predictive role and clinical utility in patients with acute coronary syndromes alone or in combination beyond currently used risk scores remains to be determined.
Methods and results:
Cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and galectin-3 were measured in plasmas of 1832 patients at the time of presentation with acute coronary syndromes requiring percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting. The primary outcomes were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (defined as the composite of all-cause mortality, cerebrovascular events, any repeat revascularization or myocardial infarction) and all-cause mortality after 1 year and occurred in 192 (10.5%) and 78 (4.3%) of patients, respectively. All three biomarkers were increased in those with major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events compared with those without (p<0.001). However, only galectin-3 (all-cause mortality: hazard ratio=1.027 (95% confidence interval (1.011–1.043); p=0.001), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events: hazard ratio=1.025 (95% confidence interval (1.012–1.037); p<0.001)) but not cystatin C nor neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin emerged as independent predictors of both major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events and death. The risks were particularly high in the highest quartile of galectin-3. The integration of galectin-3 into the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE) score improved the prediction of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality significantly. The areas under the receiver operator characteristics curves increased from 0.6701 to 0.6932 for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (p=0.0474) and from 0.804 to 0.8199 for all-cause mortality (p=0.0197). Finally, we applied net reclassification improvement index using different cut-offs for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events which showed negative results (for the cut-offs of 5% and 15%, net reclassification improvement index 0.028, p=0.586, for the cut-offs of 10% and 20%, net reclassification improvement index 0.072, p=0.1132 and for the cut-offs of 10% and 30% the net reclassification improvement index is 0.0843, p=0.077).
Conclusion:
In acute coronary syndromes patients, galectin-3 has moderate prognostic accuracy, provides statistically significant incremental value in some, but not all models, and that the magnitude of any improvement would seem of questionable clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slayman Obeid
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nooraldaem Yousif
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
- Mohammed Bin Khalifa Cardiac Centre, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Allan Davies
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, UK
| | - Ruben Loretz
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lanja Saleh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Niederseer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Husam A Noor
- Mohammed Bin Khalifa Cardiac Centre, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Haitham Amin
- Mohammed Bin Khalifa Cardiac Centre, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - François Mach
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitaire de Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Baris Gencer
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitaire de Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - David Nanchen
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Department of General Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College, UK
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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The therapeutic potential of galectin-3 inhibition in fibrotic disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 130:105881. [PMID: 33181315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding mammalian lectin and part of the 15 member galectin family that are evolutionarily highly conserved. It is the only chimeric protein with a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to a proline, glycine, and tyrosine rich additional N-terminal domain. Galectin-3 binds several cell surface glycoproteins via its CRD domain as well as undergoing oligomerization, via binding at the N-terminal or the CRD, resulting in the formation of a galectin-3 lattice on the cell surface. The galectin-3 lattice has been regarded as being a crucial mechanism whereby extracellular galectin-3 modulates cellular signalling by prolonging retention time or retarding lateral movement of cell surface receptors in the plasma membrane. As such galectin-3 can regulate various cellular functions such as diffusion, compartmentalization and endocytosis of plasma membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids and the functionality of membrane receptors. In multiple models of organ fibrosis, it has been demonstrated that galectin-3 is potently pro-fibrotic and modulates the activity of fibroblasts and macrophages in chronically inflamed organs. Increased galectin-3 expression also activates myofibroblasts resulting in scar formation and may therefore impact common fibrotic pathways leading to fibrosis in multiple organs. Over the last decade there has been a marked increase in the scientific literature investigating galectin-3 in a range of fibrotic diseases as well as the clinical development of new galectin-3 inhibitors. In this review we will examine the role of galectin-3 in fibrosis, the therapeutic strategies for inhibiting galectin-3 in fibrotic disease and the clinical landscape to date.
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28
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Scazzone C, Agnello L, Bivona G, Lo Sasso B, Ciaccio M. Vitamin D and Genetic Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:1-30. [PMID: 33159645 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), resulting from the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Vitamin D is a secosteroid, and its circulating levels are influenced by environment and genetics. In the last decades, research data on the association between MS and vitamin D status led to hypothesize a possible role for hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor for MS. Some gene variants encoding proteins involved in vitamin D metabolism, transport, and function, which are responsible for vitamin D status alterations, have been related to MS susceptibility. This review explores the current literature on the influence of vitamin D-related genes in MS susceptibility, reporting all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) investigated to date in 12 vitamin D pathway genes. Among all, the gene codifying vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the most studied. The association between VDR SNPs and MS risk has been reported by many Authors, with a few studies producing opposite results. Other vitamin D-related genes (including DHCR7/NADSYN1, CYP2R1, CYP27A1, CYP3A4, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, Megalin-DAB2-Cubilin, FGF-23, and Klotho) have been less investigated and achieved more conflicting evidence. Taken together, findings from the studies reviewed cannot clarify whether and to what extent vitamin D-related gene variants can influence MS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scazzone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, CAP 90127, Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
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29
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Gal-3 is a potential biomarker for spinal cord injury and Gal-3 deficiency attenuates neuroinflammation through ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221325. [PMID: 31763668 PMCID: PMC6923351 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often occurs in young and middle-aged population. The present study aimed to clarify the function of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in neuroinflammation of SCI. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models with SCI were established in vivo. PC12 cell model in vitro was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Gene chip were used to analyze the expression levels of genes in the signaling pathway. Histological assessment, ELISA and Western blotting were conducted to evaluate the effects of Gal-3 upon the SCI model. In the in vivo SD rat model, Gal-3 expression level was up-regulated. The inhibition of Gal-3 attenuated the neuroinflammation in SCI model. The inhibition of Gal-3 could also mitigate the neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in in vitro model. ROS reduced the effect of Gal-3 on oxidative stress in in vitro model. Down-regulating the content of TXNIP decreased the effect of Gal-3 on neuroinflammation in in vitro model. Suppressing the level of NLRP3 could weaken the effect of Gal-3 on neuroinflammation in in vitro model. Our data highlight that the Gal-3 plays a vital role in regulating the severity of neuroinflammation of SCI by enhancing the activation of ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. In addition, inflammasome/IL-1β production probably acts as the therapeutic target in SCI.
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Hara A, Niwa M, Kanayama T, Noguchi K, Niwa A, Matsuo M, Kuroda T, Hatano Y, Okada H, Tomita H. Galectin-3: A Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Marker for Heart Disease and Detection of Early Stage Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091277. [PMID: 32899694 PMCID: PMC7565392 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular biomarkers for the early detection of heart disease, before their onset of symptoms, is an attractive novel approach. Ideal molecular biomarkers, those that are both sensitive and specific to heart disease, are likely to provide a much earlier diagnosis, thereby providing better treatment outcomes. Galectin-3 is expressed by various immune cells, including mast cells, histiocytes and macrophages, and plays an important role in diverse physiological functions. Since galectin-3 is readily expressed on the cell surface, and is readily secreted by injured and inflammatory cells, it has been suggested that cardiac galectin-3 could be a marker for cardiac disorders such as cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, depending on the specific pathogenesis. Thus, galectin-3 may be a novel candidate biomarker for the diagnosis, analysis and prognosis of various cardiac diseases, including heart failure. The goals of heart disease treatment are to prevent acute onset and to predict their occurrence by using the ideal molecular biomarkers. In this review, we discuss and summarize recent developments of galectin-3 as a next-generation molecular biomarker of heart disease. Furthermore, we describe how galectin-3 may be useful as a diagnostic marker for detecting the early stages of various heart diseases, which may contribute to improved early therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-230-6225
| | - Masayuki Niwa
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Takahiro Kuroda
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
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Association between new circulating proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2020; 30:528-535. [PMID: 31464731 PMCID: PMC6791513 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and risk predictive value of emerging proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines on coronary artery disease (CAD).
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Reponen EJ, Dieset I, Tesli M, Mørch RH, Aas M, Vedal TSJ, Haug E, Drange OK, Steen NE, Hope S, Szabo A, Gohar SM, Wedervang-Resell K, Djurovic S, Melle I, Aukrust P, Andreassen OA, Ueland T. Atherogenic Lipid Ratios Related to Myeloperoxidase and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Psychotic Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:672. [PMID: 32754070 PMCID: PMC7365890 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of premature death in patients with psychotic disorders, where dyslipidemia occurs frequently. In the pathogenesis of these serious mental disorders, a low-grade inflammation seems to be a possible contributor. Concurrently, systemic inflammation and its interplay with dyslipidemia is a central driver in the pathogenesis of CVD. We hypothesize that evaluation of atherogenic lipid ratios together with inflammatory markers reflecting different inflammatory pathways with relevance for atherogenesis, could give novel information on immune-related mechanisms involved in early CVD risk in patients with psychotic disorders. METHODS As a measure for CVD risk we calculated atherogenic lipid ratios using established sex-specific cut-offs: Total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein; HDL-c (TC/HDL) and triglyceride/HDL-c (TG/HDL) were evaluated in 571 schizophrenia (SCZ) and 247 bipolar disorder (BD) patients, and in 99 healthy controls (HC). In addition, as a measure of low-grade inflammation, we measured fasting plasma levels of nine stable atherogenic inflammatory markers in patients (SCZ, BD) and in HC. The elevated inflammatory markers and CVD risk in patients, as reflected by TC/HDL and TG/HDL, were further assessed in multivariable analyses adjusting for comorbid cardio-metabolic risk factors. RESULTS A markedly higher proportion (26%-31%) of patients had increased TC/HDL and TG/HDL ratios compared with HC. Plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were higher (p<0.05, p<0.001) in patients with psychotic disorders than in HC, and hs-CRP and MPO were independently associated with atherogenic lipid ratios in the multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that low-grade inflammation and abnormal neutrophil activation may cause increased CVD risk in patients with psychotic disorders. These mechanisms should be further examined to determine the potential for development of novel risk evaluation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina J. Reponen
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Dieset
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Acute Psychiatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragni H. Mørch
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Aas
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude S. J. Vedal
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Haug
- Department of Acute Psychiatry and Psychosis Treatment, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Reinsvoll, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Hope
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neuro Habilitation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Attila Szabo
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sherif M. Gohar
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kirsten Wedervang-Resell
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department of Psychiatric Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the correlation between serum apelin and galectin-3 levels with insulin resistance (IR) in women with preeclampsia (PE). METHODS Serum apelin, galectin-3, and insulin levels were measured in 60 PE women and 30 normotensive pregnant. RESULTS The PE group had significantly lower apelin and higher galectin-3 levels than the control group. PE group exhibited dyslipidemia and had higher β-cell functions than the controls. Galectin-3 level correlates with insulin, glucose, and IR. High galectin-3 also is correlated positively with dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION In PE, there is a possible contribution of galectin-3 to the harmful effects of IR and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamal Sattar Taha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan , Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.,A Chemist in the Department of Laboratories, Ministry of Health , Wasit, Iraq
| | - Zohreh Zahraei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan , Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Correlation between Galectin-3 and Adverse Outcomes in Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:7614327. [PMID: 32455000 PMCID: PMC7229552 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7614327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. Some new biomarkers can help us to improve the life quality and prognosis of AMI patients. Objective We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the use of galectin-3 (gal3) for assessing prognosis of AMI patients. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang database up to June 2019. Trials included using galectin-3 to estimate prognosis in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Results We identified 10 trails with a total of 2809 participants. The negative correlation between galectin-3 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significant in 505 AMI patients (Fisher's Z -0.22, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.09). The correlation between galectin-3 and infarct size was not significant in 119 patients (Fisher's Z 0.12, 95% CI: -0.36, 0.60). Higher galectin-3 was associated with increased all-cause mortality in 2343 AMI patients (Fisher's Z 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.03). Conclusion The limited evidence suggests that galectin-3 is likely to predict the adverse outcomes in MI patients, but it is not significantly correlated with infarct size after MI. More high-quality trials with longer-term follow-up are still needed to confirm this finding.
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Correlation between Galectin-3 and Early Herpes Zoster Neuralgia and Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Retrospective Clinical Observation. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:8730918. [PMID: 32351643 PMCID: PMC7178466 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8730918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the value of serum galectin-3 in patients with herpes zoster neuralgia (HZN) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and other factors influencing HZN and PHN occurrence. Samples from forty patients with herpes zoster neuralgia (HZN) (Group H), 40 patients with nonherpes zoster neuralgia (Group N), and 20 cases of health check-up were collected. Patients were divided into PHN group (Group A) and non-PHN group (Group B) according to the occurrence of PHN in Group H. Galectin-3, T-lymphocyte subsets, and IL-6 were recorded in all patients. The changes of galectin-3 in patients with early HZN and PHN were analyzed by single-factor analysis and multifactor analysis. The age (P=0.012) and NRS scores (P < 0.001) of PHN patients were significantly higher than those of non-PHN patients and other neuralgia patients. The ratio of CD3+ (F = 80.336, P < 0.001), CD4+ (F = 12.459, P < 0.001) lymphocyte subsets, and CD4+/CD8+ (F = 15.311, P < 0.001) decreased significantly in PHN patients. The level of blood IL-6 (F = 139.446, P < 0.001) in PHN patients was significantly increased. Serum galectin-3 was significantly higher in HZN patients than in PHN patients (P < 0.05); IL-6 (OR = 10.002, 95% CI: 3.313-30.196, P < 0.001) and galectin-3 (OR = 3.719, 95% CI: 1.261-10.966, P=0.017) were the risk factors for HZN; galectin-3 (OR = 17.646, 95% CI: 2.795-111.428, P=0.002) was also the risk factor for PHN. ROC curve analysis also showed that serum galectin-3 was a better predictor of poor prognosis (AUC = 0.934, P < 0.001). Therefore, as an independent risk factor of HZN and PHN, serum galectin-3 may be used as a new biochemical marker in clinical practice.
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Galectin-3 as a Next-Generation Biomarker for Detecting Early Stage of Various Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030389. [PMID: 32138174 PMCID: PMC7175224 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin which is important in numerous biological activities in various organs, including cell proliferation, apoptotic regulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and host defense. Galectin-3 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm and expressed on the cell surface, and then often secreted into biological fluids, like serum and urine. It is also released from injured cells and inflammatory cells under various pathological conditions. Many studies have revealed that galectin-3 plays an important role as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease, viral infection, autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and tumor formation. In particular, it has been recognized that galectin-3 is extremely useful for detecting many of these diseases in their early stages. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the recent literature focusing on the biomarker characteristics and long-term outcome predictions of galectin-3, in not only patients with various types of diseases, but associated animal models.
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Martos-Maldonado MC, Quesada-Soriano I, García-Fuentes L, Vargas-Berenguel A. Multivalent Lactose-Ferrocene Conjugates Based on Poly (Amido Amine) Dendrimers and Gold Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Probes for Sensing Galectin-3. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020203. [PMID: 31991555 PMCID: PMC7074905 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is considered a cancer biomarker and bioindicator of fibrosis and cardiac remodeling and, therefore, it is desirable to develop convenient methods for its detection. Herein, an approach based on the development of multivalent electrochemical probes with high galectin-3 sensing abilities is reported. The probes consist of multivalent presentations of lactose–ferrocene conjugates scaffolded on poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and gold nanoparticles. Such multivalent lactose–ferrocene conjugates are synthesized by coupling of azidomethyl ferrocene–lactose building blocks on alkyne-functionalized PAMAM, for the case of the glycodendrimers, and to disulfide-functionalized linkers that are then used for the surface modification of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles. The binding and sensing abilities toward galectin-3 of both ferrocene-containing lactose dendrimers and gold nanoparticles have been evaluated by means of isothermal titration calorimetry, UV–vis spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The highest sensitivity by electrochemical methods to galectin-3 was shown by lactosylferrocenylated gold nanoparticles, which are able to detect the lectin in nanomolar concentrations.
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Gong M, Cheung A, Wang QS, Li G, Goudis CA, Bazoukis G, Lip GYH, Baranchuk A, Korantzopoulos P, Letsas KP, Tse G, Liu T. Galectin-3 and risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23104. [PMID: 31917884 PMCID: PMC7083505 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 is an inflammatory marker that is raised in myocardial fibrosis and inflammation. Recent studies have explored its role in predicting atrial fibrillation (AF) outcomes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the association between serum concentration of galectin-3 and AF. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database were searched. A total of 280 studies were identified, of which 28 studies involving 10 830 patients were included in our meta-analysis. RESULTS Galectin-3 is present at higher concentrations in patients with AF than those in sinus rhythm (mean difference [MD] = -0.68 ng/mL, 95% CI: -0.92, -0.44, Z = 5.61, P < .00001). Galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in the persistent AF than in the paroxysmal AF group (MD = -0.94 ng/mL, 95% CI: -1.85, -0.03, Z = 2.04, P = .04). Higher galectin-3 levels were associated with a 45% increase in the odds of developing AF (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.83, Z = 3.11, P = .002) and risk of AF recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] =1.17, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.29, Z = 3.12, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis found that galectin-3 is significantly higher in patients with persistent AF than in those with paroxysmal AF, and can predict both AF development and recurrence after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Angel Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Brown, Michigan
| | - Qun-Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - George Bazoukis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Department of Medicine, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Konstantinos P Letsas
- Second Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Zhou YY, Qiu HM, Yang Y, Han YY. Analysis of risk factors for carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Western China assessed by logistic regression combined with a decision tree model. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:8. [PMID: 32015760 PMCID: PMC6988356 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-0517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is considered a preclinical stage of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the related risk factors for CIMT to facilitate the early prevention of CVD. Previous studies have shown that visceral fat area (VFA) is a risk factor for T2DM and CVD. However, few studies have focused on the effects of VFA on CIMT associated with T2DM. Moreover, considering that the body fat distribution shows regional and racial heterogeneity, the purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive value of VFA and other risk factors for CIMT associated with T2DM in Western China. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, a total of 1372 patients with T2DM were divided into the CIMT (-) group (n = 965) and the CIMT (+) group (n = 407) based on CIMT values. In addition to the univariate analyses, logistic regression analysis and a decision tree model were simultaneously performed to establish a correlation factor model for CIMT. RESULTS Univariate analyses showed that sex, smoking status, age, heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, VFA, subcutaneous fat area, and the levels of 2-h C-peptide, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid were significantly different between the two groups (all p < 0.05). Smoking, increased VFA, female sex and increased BMI were risk factors in the logistic regression analyses (OR = 5.759, OR = 1.364, OR = 2.239, OR = 1.186, respectively). In the decision tree model, smoking was the root node, followed by sex, waist circumference, VFA and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in order of importance. CONCLUSIONS In addition to smoking, sex and BMI, VFA has a significant effect on CIMT associated with T2DM in the Chinese Han population in Western China. In addition, the decision tree model could help clinicians make more effective decisions, with its simplicity and intuitiveness, making it worth promoting in future medical research.Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900027739. Registered 24 November 2019-Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021 China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, 653100 China
| | - Hong-Mei Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, 653100 China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021 China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Han
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650021 China
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Scazzone C, Agnello L, Sasso BL, Ragonese P, Bivona G, Realmuto S, Iacolino G, Gambino CM, Bellia C, Salemi G, Ciaccio M. Klotho and vitamin D in multiple sclerosis: an Italian study. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:842-847. [PMID: 32542086 PMCID: PMC7286339 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low vitamin D levels have been recognised as an important risk factor for autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a multifactorial disease, the pathogenesis of which contributes both to genetic and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in genes codifying molecules involved in vitamin D homeostasis have been associated with hypovitaminosis D. However, the influence of polymorphisms of Klotho, which codify a protein with a pivotal role in vitamin D metabolism, have never been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association among genetic variants of Klotho, namely rs1207568 and rs9536314, serum 25(OH)D3 levels, and multiple sclerosis (both risk and disease progression). MATERIAL AND METHODS 107 patients with MS and 133 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels and genotyping of Klotho SNPs were evaluated in all participants by high-performance liquid chromatography and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS Allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ between patients and controls. Concerning rs1207568, we found a trend toward lower serum 25(OH)D3 levels in MS patients with A allele (mutant), both in heterozygosis (AG) and in homozygosis (AA), in comparison to MS patients with G allele in homozygosis (GG) (AG + AA 20.5 ±6.3 µg/l; GG 22.5 ±7.5 µg/l, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Our findings did not identify a role of Klotho in the genetic susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scazzone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Ragonese
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Realmuto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgia Iacolino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo, Italy
- Corresponding author: Prof. Marcello Ciaccio MD, PhD, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular, Medicine, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Via Del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy, E-mail:
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Scazzone C, Agnello L, Lo Sasso B, Ciaccio AM, Giglio RV, Bivona G, Ciaccio M. Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis: An Open-Ended Story. Open Biochem J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01913010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors interact together, contributing to the complex pathogenesis of the disease. In the last decades, the role of hypovitaminosis D on MS risk was hypothesised. Several factors drive the regulation of vitamin D status, including genetics. The current review summarises the literature evidence on the association between vitamin D and MS, with a focus on the genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D-related genes. The variants of the genes codifying Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) and CYP enzymes have been investigated, but the findings are controversial. Only a few studies have addressed the role of DHCR7 polymorphisms in MS risk.
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Gambino CM, Sasso BL, Bivona G, Agnello L, Ciaccio M. Aging and Neuroinflammatory Disorders: New Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4168-4174. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191112093034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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Chronic neuroinflammation is a common feature of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in various
neurodegenerative age-associated disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease,
and dementia.
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In particular, persistent low-grade inflammation may disrupt the brain endothelial barrier and cause a significant
increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells into the cerebral tissue that, in turn, leads to microglia
dysfunction and loss of neuroprotective properties.
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Nowadays, growing evidence highlights a strong association between persistent peripheral inflammation, as well
as metabolic alterations, and neurodegenerative disorder susceptibility. The identification of common pathways
involved in the development of these diseases, which modulate the signalling and immune response, is an important
goal of ongoing research.
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The aim of this review is to elucidate which inflammation-related molecules are robustly associated with the risk
of neurodegenerative diseases. Of note, peripheral biomarkers may represent direct measures of pathophysiologic
processes common of aging and neuroinflammatory processes. In addition, molecular changes associated with the
neurodegenerative process might be present many decades before the disease onset. Therefore, the identification
of a comprehensive markers panel, closely related to neuroinflammation, could be helpful for the early diagnosis,
and the identification of therapeutic targets to counteract the underlying chronic inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina M. Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Vroegindewey MM, van den Berg VJ, Bouwens E, Akkerhuis KM, Oemrawsingh RM, Asselbergs FW, Lenderink T, van der Harst P, Ronner E, Umans VAWM, Kardys I, Boersma E. Temporal evolution of myeloperoxidase and galectin 3 during 1 year after acute coronary syndrome admission. Am Heart J 2019; 216:143-146. [PMID: 31053235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies reported that Myeloperoxidase and Galectin-3, which are biomarkers of coronary plaque vulnerability, are elevated in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. We studied the temporal evolution of these biomarkers early after ACS admission and prior to a recurrent ACS event during 1 year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime M Vroegindewey
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor J van den Berg
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Bouwens
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Martijn Akkerhuis
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rohit M Oemrawsingh
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eelco Ronner
- Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Isabella Kardys
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bivona G, Lo Sasso B, Iacolino G, Gambino CM, Scazzone C, Agnello L, Ciaccio M. Standardized measurement of circulating vitamin D [25(OH)D] and its putative role as a serum biomarker in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 497:82-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Association between Galectin-3 levels within central and peripheral venous blood, and adverse left ventricular remodelling after first acute myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13145. [PMID: 31511537 PMCID: PMC6739356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study investigates association between Galectin-3 levels and adverse left ventricular remodelling (LVR) at six months. Fifty-seven patients following first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were enrolled in this study and blood samples collected on day 1 from the femoral vein and artery, the right atrium near the coronary sinus and the aortic root, and on day 30, from the cubital vein. Patients with LVESV ≥20% at six months, were included in the LVR group. On day 1, Galectin-3 plasma levels in the femoral vein (10.34 ng/ml ± 3.81 vs 8.22 ng/ml ± 2.34, p = 0.01), and near coronary sinus (10.7 ng/ml ± 3.97 vs 8.41 ng/ml ± 2.56, p = 0.007) were higher in the LVR group. Positive correlations between Galectin-3 levels from aortic root and coronary sinus, aortic root and femoral vein, and coronary sinus and femoral vein, were observed in both groups. On day 30, Galectin-3 concentration in the cubital vein was an independent risk factor of LVR six months post-AMI, demonstrating 1.5-fold increased risk. Day-30 Galectin-3 also showed positive correlations with echocardiography parameters indicative of diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Determining Galectin-3 plasma concentration on day 30 following AMI could have beneficial prognostic value in predicting LVR.
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Goenka L, Jha D, Sharma M, Dhandapani VE, George M. Factors which Influence the Levels of ST-2, Galectin-3 and MMP-9 in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:64-73. [PMID: 31438834 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x19666190719104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cardiac biomarkers are being studied to explore their potential in the prognostication of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). However, there are limited studies exploring the relationship between these biomarkers and clinical, laboratory and demographic characteristics. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the factors which influence the concentration of novel cardiac biomarkers such as Galectin-3, suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST-2) and Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with ACS. METHODS A total of 122 patients with ACS were enrolled in the study. The study patients were categorized into two groups namely: STEMI (n=58) and NSTEMI/UA (n=64). Plasma samples were used to determine the level of biomarkers, Galectin-3 and ST-2, and serum samples were used to determine the levels of MMP-9 using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association between the plasma and serum levels of biomarkers and, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were determined. Statistical analyses for the study were performed using SPSS 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS Elderly aged [0.107 (0.012-0.969); p=0.047] patients had higher ST-2. Galectin-3 was higher among female patients [3.693(1.253-10.887); p=0.018] and patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction [2.882 (1.041-7.978); p=0.042]. Patients with lower body mass index [3.385 (1.241-9.231); p=0.017], diabetes [3.650 (1.302-10.237); p=0.014] and high total leukocyte count [2.900 (1.114-7.551; p=0.029] had higher MMP-9 levels. CONCLUSION The concentration of galectin-3, ST-2 and MMP-9 are independently influenced by demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. It is estimated that these factors should be accounted for when interpreting the results of the biomarker assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxitaa Goenka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Durga Jha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Masum Sharma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - V E Dhandapani
- Department of Cardiology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Melvin George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM MCH & RC, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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Investigation of galectin-3, lipocalin 2, retinol binding protein (RBP), small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) in patients with hirsutism. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:177-183. [PMID: 31320851 PMCID: PMC6627252 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.84593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hirsutism is defined as excessive terminal hair in androgen-dependent areas in women. Adipose tissue is no longer regarded as a storage site for triglycerides or as a source of free fatty acids but is currently emerging as a key constituent of energy metabolism secreting numerous enzymes, cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Aim To evaluate serum levels of galectin-3 (Gal3), lipocalin-2 (LCN2), retinol binding protein (RBP), and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) in patients with hirsutism and patients co-presenting with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hirsutism. Material and methods The study included 90 patients that were divided into three groups: (I) patients with idiopathic hirsutism (IH) (n = 30), (II) PCOS patients with hirsutism (H-PCOS) (n = 30), and (III) the control group (n = 30). Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Idiopathic hirsutism was scored using the modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) scoring system and the diagnosis of PCOS was established based on the modified Rotterdam criteria. Human Gal3, LCN2, RBP, and sdLDL levels were analysed using a commercially available double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results No significant difference was found between the three groups with regard to serum Gal3, LCN2, RBP, and sdLDL levels (p > 0.05). Median values were higher in the H-PCOS group than in the other two groups: body weight (median: 76.5 kg) (p < 0.001), waist circumference (median: 82.5 cm) (p = 0.001). Conclusions No significant correlation was found between the adipokines that play a role in the aetiology of numerous diseases and some mediators of the lipid metabolism and hirsutism.
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Non-Skeletal Activities of Vitamin D: From Physiology to Brain Pathology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55070341. [PMID: 31284484 PMCID: PMC6680897 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone regulating the expression of almost 900 genes, and it is involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism, immune response, and brain development. Low blood vitamin D levels have been reported in patients affected by various diseases. Despite a large amount of literature data, there is uncertainty surrounding the role of vitamin D as a serum biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, the lack of internationally recognized 25(OH)D3 reference measurement procedures and standard materials in the past led to unstandardized serum total 25(OH)D3 results among research and clinical care laboratories. Thus, most of the literature studies reported unstandardized data, which are of little use and make it difficult to draw conclusions of the role of vitamin D in AD and PD. This review summarizes the extra-skeletal actions of vitamin D, focusing its role in immunomodulation and brain function, and reports the issue of lacking standardized literature data concerning the usefulness of vitamin D as a biomarker in AD and PD.
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Abstract
Objective: to summarise the activities that Vitamin D (VD) carries out in the brain and to clarify the potential role of VD in neurological diseases. Methods: a literature research has been performed in Pubmed using the following keywords: 'Vitamin D', 'nervous system', 'brain'. Results: the studies reviewed show that VD contributes to cerebral activity in both embryonic and adult brain, helping the connectivity of neural circuits responsible for locomotor, emotional and reward-dependent behavior. Low VD serum levels have been found in patients affected by Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Sleep Disorders and Schizophrenia. Discussion: findings are controversial and should be interpreted with caution, since most of the studies performed have observational study set and few interventional studies are available, producing conflicting results. Overall, it can be stated that the potential role of Vitamin D in neurological diseases is mostly unclear and further randomised controlled trials are needed to understand better whether Vitamin D supplementation treatment can be useful in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bivona
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giorgia Iacolino
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clincal Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy.,Department and U.O.C. Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone" of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
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Elevated Platelet Galectin-3 and Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Activity Are Associated with Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Shunt Dysfunction among Subjects with Diabetes Mellitus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8952414. [PMID: 31080833 PMCID: PMC6476156 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8952414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hyperglycemia is a major factor in influencing the patency rate of arteriovenous shunts, potentially associated with the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. Besides, galectin-3 mediates thrombotic mechanisms in venous thrombosis and peripheral artery disease. We hypothesized that high ROCK activity and galectin-3 levels are associated with arteriovenous shunt dysfunction. Methods We prospectively enrolled 38 patients diagnosed with arteriovenous shunt dysfunction. 29 patients received a complete follow-up and each provided two blood samples, which were collected at the first visit for occluded status of arteriovenous shunts and 1 month later for patent status. A Western blot assay for a myosin phosphatase target subunit (MYPT) was performed to examine Rho-kinase activity. A Western blot assay for platelet galectin-3 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for circulating galectin-3 were completed. Results Higher platelet MYPT ratios and galectin-3 levels were identified at occluded arteriovenous shunts (MYPT ratio: 0.5 [0.3-1.4] vs. 0.4 [0.3-0.6], p = 0.01; galectin-3: 1.2 [0.4-1.6] vs. 0.7 [0.1-1.2], p = 0.0004). The plasma galectin-3 binding protein ELISA was also higher at occluded arteriovenous shunts (8.4 [6.0-9.7] μg/mL vs. 7.1 [4.5-9.1] μg/mL, p = 0.009). Biomarker ratios (occluded/patent status) trended high in patients with poorly controlled diabetes (MYPT ratio: 1.7 [1.0-3.0] vs. 1.1 [0.7-1.3], p = 0.06; galectin-3: 1.6 [1.3-3.4] vs. 1.1 [0.8-1.9], p = 0.05). Conclusion High platelet ROCK activity and galectin-3 levels are associated with increased risk in arteriovenous shunt dysfunction, especially in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.
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