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Samouilidou EC, Liaouri A, Kostopoulos V, Nikas D, Grapsa E. The importance of paraoxonase 1 activity in chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2376930. [PMID: 38982880 PMCID: PMC11238655 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2376930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is one of the most significant antioxidative enzymes associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). It has been proved that is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association between PON1 and CKD seems to be mutual, such that the disease produces a significant decrease in PON1 activity levels, while the genetics of PON1 may affect the risk of susceptibility to CKD. Recent studies reveal that the decrease in serum PON1 activity observed in non-dialyzed and dialyzed CKD patients as well as in renal transplant (RT) patients is linked to an increased vulnerability to atherosclerosis. We intend to summarize current literature concerning PON1 activity in CKD, highlighting on the main determinants of PON1 activity, its association with oxidative stress, the impact of its genetic polymorphism on the disease development, the effect of drugs and nutritional state. Furthermore, evidence supporting the implication of reduced PON1 activity in the incident of cardiovascular disease in CKD patients, is also examined. It appears that despite the lack of standardization of PON1 activity measurement, PON1 remains a valuable biomarker for the researchers through the last decades, which contributes to the assessment of the antioxidant status having prognostic benefit on adverse clinical outcomes at various stages and etiologies of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dimitris Nikas
- Department of Biochemistry, "Alexandra" Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Li DY, Sun W, Zhou XT, Wen Y, Zou Y. Serum HDL-C subfractions as predictors of cardiovascular calcification in hemodialysis patients: novel insights and clinical implications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1391057. [PMID: 39144664 PMCID: PMC11322615 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1391057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the relationship between cardiovascular calcification (CVC) and serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and its subfractions in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods HD patients and healthy participants were recruited based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Various blood indicators were measured, and demographic information was recorded. HDL-C particle levels were quantified using lipophilic fluorescent dye staining and capillary electrophoresis (microfluidic platform). Coronary artery calcium scores and valve calcification were used to classify HD patients into calcification and non-calcification groups. Results Compared to healthy participants, HD patients showed a significant increase in HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol (HDL2-C), and high-density lipoprotein 3 cholesterol (HDL3-C) levels (p < 0.001). Further division of HD patients into calcification and non-calcification groups revealed higher serum HDL3-C concentrations (p = 0.002) and a higher HDL3-C/HDL-C ratio (p = 0.04) in the calcification group. Additionally, elevated HDL3-C levels were found to be an independent risk factor for CVC in HD patients (p = 0.040). The ROC curve analysis showed an AUC value of 0.706 for HDL3-C (p = 0.002). Conclusion Our study indicates that elevated serum HDL3-C levels in HD patients are an independent risk factor for CVC and can serve as a potential predictor for CVC events. However, more studies need to verify its potential as a predictive indicator..
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yun Li
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial Ziyang People’s Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial Ziyang People’s Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Szentimrei R, Lőrincz H, Szentpéteri A, Varga VE, Seres I, Varga É, Nemes B, Harangi M, Paragh G. Assessment of amino-terminal C-type natriuretic peptide serum level and its correlation with high-density lipoprotein structure and function in patients with end stage renal disease before and after kidney transplantation. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110749. [PMID: 37802408 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate serum amino-terminal C-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proCNP) and its relationship with quantitative and qualitative HDL-parameters in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) before, then 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation (TX). Seventy patients (47 males, 23 females, mean age 51.7 ± 12.4 years) were enrolled in a prospective follow-up study. We examined serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, fasting glucose and lipid parameters before, then 1 and 6 months after TX. High-density lipoprotein- (HDL)-associated paraoxonase-1 (PON1) paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Lipoprotein subfractions were determined by Lipoprint. NT-proCNP and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels were measured by ELISA. Mean NT-proCNP was 45.8 ± 21.9 pmol/L before renal transplantation and decreased markedly 1 month and 6 months after transplantation (5.3 ± 2.5 and 7.7 ± 4.9 pmol/L, respectively, P = 1 × 10-4). During the 6 months' follow-up, PON1 arylesterase, paraoxonase and salt-stimulated paraoxonase activities improved. NT-proCNP positively correlated with procalcitonin and creatinine and negatively with GFR, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). There was a negative correlation between serum NT-proCNP and PON1 arylesterase activity. According to the multiple regression analysis, the best predicting variables of NT-proCNP were serum procalcitonin, creatinine and PON1 arylesterase activity. NT-proCNP might be a novel link between HDL dysfunction and impaired vascular function in ESRD, but not after kidney transplantation. Further studies in larger populations are needed to clarify the exact role of NT-proCNP in the risk prediction for cardiovascular comorbidities and complications in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Szentimrei
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Anita Szentpéteri
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Evelin Varga
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Éva Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Nemes
- Institute of Surgery, Department of Organ Transplantation, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Djekic S, Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Kafedzic S, Zdravkovic M, Ilic I, Hinic S, Cerovic M, Stefanovic M, Mihajlovic M, Neskovic A, Bogavac-Stanojevic N. HDL Subclasses and the Distribution of Paraoxonase-1 Activity in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119384. [PMID: 37298334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this multicentric study was to assess the impacts of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the presence of small, dense, low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL) on the antioxidative function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses and the distribution of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity within HDL in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). In 69 STEMI patients and 67 healthy control subjects, the lipoproteins' subclasses were separated using polyacrylamide gradient (3-31%) gel electrophoresis. The relative proportion of sdLDL and each HDL subclass was evaluated by measuring the areas under the peaks of densitometric scans. The distribution of the relative proportion of PON1 activity within the HDL subclasses (pPON1 within HDL) was estimated using the zymogram method. The STEMI patients had significantly lower proportions of HDL2a and HDL3a subclasses (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and lower pPON1 within HDL3b (p = 0.006), as well as higher proportions of HDL3b and HDL3c subclasses (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001, respectively) and higher pPON1 within HDL2 than the controls. Independent positive associations between sdLDL and pPON1 within HDL3a and between malondialdehyde (MDA) and pPON1 within HDL2b were shown in the STEMI group. The increased oxidative stress and increased proportion of sdLDL in STEMI are closely related to the compromised antioxidative function of small HDL3 particles and the altered pPON1 within HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saska Djekic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics Public Health Institution "Health Center", 74000 Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Kafedzic
- Clinical Hospital Center "Zemun", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinical Hospital Center "Bezanijska Kosa", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Ilic
- Clinical Hospital Center "Zemun", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasa Hinic
- Clinical Hospital Center "Bezanijska Kosa", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Marija Mihajlovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Neskovic
- Clinical Hospital Center "Zemun", 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Liu Q, Xiao JJ, Wang S, Li Y, Yang LJ, Lu QY, Wu XY, Cao J, Yu H, Zhang BF. Paraoxonase 1 Ameliorates Renal Lipotoxicity by Activating Lipophagy and Inhibiting Pyroptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:1531-1545. [PMID: 35963464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies in recent years have shown that lipid overload causes lipotoxic damage to the kidney, and oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagic arrest are all important mechanisms of renal lipotoxicity. However, effective measures with therapeutic effects on renal lipotoxicity are limited. The present study indicated the protective effect of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) against renal lipotoxicity in high-fat diet-fed scavenger receptor class B type I-deficient (SR-BI-/-) mice. The results showed that SR-BI-/- mice exhibited significant renal pathologic characteristics, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, under a normal chow diet, and were accompanied by dyslipidemia and reduced plasma PON1 activity and renal PON1 levels. PON1 overexpression significantly attenuated the above pathologic changes in the kidneys of SR-BI-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, PON1 may ameliorate renal oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species production, reduce renal lipid accumulation by inhibiting AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase pathway to activate lipophagy, and reduce the occurrence of inflammation and cell death by inhibiting Nod-like receptor family protein 3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. The present study is the first to show that PON1 overexpression can effectively alleviate renal lipotoxicity injury, and PON1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal lipotoxicity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jie Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jiao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian-Yu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China.
| | - Bai-Fang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China.
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Dube P, Khalaf FK, DeRiso A, Mohammed CJ, Connolly JA, Battepati D, Lad A, Breidenbach JD, Kleinhenz AL, Khatib-Shahidi B, Patel M, Tassavvor I, Gohara AF, Malhotra D, Morgan EE, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Cardioprotective Role for Paraoxonase-1 in Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2301. [PMID: 36140402 PMCID: PMC9496500 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a hydrolytic enzyme associated with HDL, contributing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties. Deficiencies in PON-1 activity result in oxidative stress and detrimental clinical outcomes in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear if a decrease in PON-1 activity is mechanistically linked to adverse cardiovascular events in CKD. We investigated the hypothesis that PON-1 is cardioprotective in a Dahl salt-sensitive model of hypertensive renal disease. Experiments were performed on control Dahl salt-sensitive rats (SSMcwi, hereafter designated SS-WT rats) and mutant PON-1 rats (SS-Pon1em1Mcwi, hereafter designated SS-PON-1 KO rats) generated using CRISPR gene editing technology. Age-matched 10-week-old SS and SS-PON-1 KO male rats were maintained on high-salt diets (8% NaCl) for five weeks to induce hypertensive renal disease. Echocardiography showed that SS-PON-1 KO rats but not SS-WT rats developed compensated left ventricular hypertrophy after only 4 weeks on the high-salt diet. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of genes linked to cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as a significant decrease in genes essential to left ventricular function in SS-PON-1 KO rats compared to SS-WT rats. A histological examination also revealed a significant increase in cardiac fibrosis and immune cell infiltration in SS-PON-1 KO rats, consistent with their cardiac hypertrophy phenotype. Our data suggest that a loss of PON-1 in the salt-sensitive hypertensive model of CKD leads to increased cardiac inflammation and fibrosis as well as a molecular and functional cardiac phenotype consistent with compensated left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Armelle DeRiso
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Jacob A. Connolly
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Dhanushya Battepati
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Andrew L. Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Bella Khatib-Shahidi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Mitra Patel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Iman Tassavvor
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Amira F. Gohara
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Eric E. Morgan
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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Overweight and obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: association with inflammation, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:604-612. [PMID: 34511137 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with altered lipid profile and increased small, dense LDL particles (sdLDL). Considering that paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidative enzyme located on HDL particles, the aim of this study was to investigate the connection between oxidative stress (OS) and PON1 activity with lipoprotein subclasses in PCOS depending on obesity. In 115 PCOS patients, lipoprotein subclasses distributions were determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. OS status was assessed by total oxidative status (TOS), advanced oxidation protein products, malondialdehyde (MDA), prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), total antioxidative status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and PON1 activity. Overweight/obese PCOS patients (n 55) had increased OS compared with normal weight patients (n 60). In addition, overweight/obese group had lower HDL size and higher proportion of HDL 3a subclasses (P < 0·05). PAB was in negative correlation with HDL 2a (P < 0·001), whereas MDA and SOD correlated positively with HDL 3 subclasses (P < 0·05). Serum PON1 activity was positively associated with proportions of PON1 activity on HDL 2b (P < 0·05) and 2a (P < 0·01), but negatively with the proportion on HDL 3 particles (P < 0·01). LDL B phenotype patients had increased TAS, SOD and PON1 activity on HDL 2b, but decreased PON1 activity on HDL 3 subclasses. OS is associated with altered lipoprotein subclasses distribution in PCOS patients. Obesity in PCOS affects the profile of HDL subclasses, reflected through the reduced proportion of PON1 activity on HDL 3 subclasses in the presence of sdLDL particles.
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Vekic J, Silva-Nunes J, Rizzo M. Glucose Metabolism Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080712. [PMID: 36005584 PMCID: PMC9412650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - José Silva-Nunes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Khalaf FK, Mohammed CJ, Dube P, Connolly JA, Lad A, Ashraf UM, Breidenbach JD, Su RC, Kleinhenz AL, Malhotra D, Gohara AF, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Paraoxonase-1 Regulation of Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050900. [PMID: 35624764 PMCID: PMC9137734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Papraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a hydrolytic lactonase enzyme that is synthesized in the liver and circulates attached to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Clinical studies have demonstrated an association between diminished PON-1 and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, whether decreased PON-1 is mechanistically linked to renal injury is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the absence of PON-1 is mechanistically linked to the progression of renal inflammation and injury in CKD. Experiments were performed on control Dahl salt-sensitive rats (SSMcwi, hereafter designated SS rats) and Pon1 knock-out rats (designated SS-Pon1em1Mcwi, hereafter designated SS-PON-1 KO rats) generated by injecting a CRISPR targeting the sequence into SSMcwi rat embryos. The resulting mutation is a 7 bp frameshift insertion in exon 4 of the PON-1 gene. First, to examine the renal protective role of PON-1 in settings of CKD, ten-week-old, age-matched male rats were maintained on a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) for up to 5 weeks to initiate the salt-sensitive hypertensive renal disease characteristic of this model. We found that SS-PON-1 KO rats demonstrated several hallmarks of increased renal injury vs. SS rats including increased renal fibrosis, sclerosis, and tubular injury. SS-PON-1 KO also demonstrated increased recruitment of immune cells in the renal interstitium, as well as increased expression of inflammatory genes compared to SS rats (all p < 0.05). SS-PON-1 KO rats also showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in renal function and increased renal oxidative stress compared to SS rats, despite no differences in blood pressure between the two groups. These findings suggest a new role for PON-1 in regulating renal inflammation and fibrosis in the setting of chronic renal disease independent of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Jacob A. Connolly
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Usman M. Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Robin C. Su
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Andrew L. Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Amira F. Gohara
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (F.K.K.); (C.J.M.); (P.D.); (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (U.M.A.); (J.D.B.); (R.C.S.); (A.L.K.); (D.M.); (A.F.G.); (S.T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-383-6822
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Vujčić S, Stefanović T, Zeljković A, Mihajlović M, Vekić J. Biomarkers of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetic foot. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-36296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes that significantly reduces the quality of life and survival of patients. Besides firmly established risk factors, novel data indicate that alterations in lipid metabolism might also be implicated in the development and progression of DF. Diabetic dyslipidemia is characterized by the atherogenic triad, consisting of increased triglycerides (TG), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the presence of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. Accumulating evidence suggests that profound hypertriglyceridemia and HDL-C reduction are common findings in patients with diabetic neuropathy and significantly contribute to an increased risk for DF, amputation and mortality. Small, dense LDL particles play an important role in the development of cardiovascular complications of diabetes, but their clinical importance in patients with DF remains to be established. In this paper, we will discuss the significance of standard and novel lipid biomarker determination in the assessment of the risk for the development and progression of DF.
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Ivanišević J, Ardalić D, Banjac G, Janać J, Cabunac P, Vekić J, Zeljković A, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Karadžov Orlić N, Mandić Marković V, Miković Ž, Stefanović A. Antioxidant status in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2021; 41:31-38. [PMID: 34903142 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2021.2013875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pregnancy can be associated with maternal hypertension leading to possible complications in pregnancy outcome. Antioxidant status may be proned to changes during pregnancy with hypertension. The aim of our study was to estimate antioxidant status through high-risk pregnancies.Methods: Seventy-nine pregnant women with high-risk for preeclampsia development were included and 46 of them developed some hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. Superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities and relative proportion of PON1 activiity on different HDL subclasses were determined in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester and prior to delivery.Results: SOD activity was significantly lower in 2nd and 3rd trimesters when compared to 1st trimester (P˂0.001) whereas PON1 activity was significantly higher in 3rd than in 1st trimester (P˂0.05) in group of hypertensive women. This group had significantly higher SOD and PON1 activities and relative proportion of PON1 on HDL3c subclasses in the 1st trimester, significantly increased PON1 in the 3rd trimester and prior to delivery and significantly higher PON1 activity on HDL3c subclasses (P˂0.05) than nonhypertensive group. In 1st trimester and prior to delivery, total PON1 activity and relative proportion of PON1 on HDL3c subclasses exhibited significant ability to mark out hypertension in pregnancy (P˂0.05).Conclusions: SOD activity decreased whereas total PON1 activity increased during pregnancy with hypertension. Pregnant women with hypertension had higher activities of PON1 and SOD and relative proportion of PON1 on HDL3c subclasses than nonhypertensive ones. PON1 activity and relative proportion of PON1 on HDL3c subclasses exhibited significant association with hypertension in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Ivanišević
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniela Ardalić
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorica Banjac
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Janać
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Cabunac
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Željko Miković
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic "Narodni Front", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Theofilis P, Vordoni A, Koukoulaki M, Vlachopanos G, Kalaitzidis RG. Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Contemporary Concepts and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:693-701. [PMID: 34569479 DOI: 10.1159/000518456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent disease state met with great morbidity and mortality primarily resulting from the high incidence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Therapeutic strategies in this patient population aim at controlling modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia. SUMMARY In this review article, we first provide the latest pathophysiologic evidence regarding the altered dyslipidemia pattern in CKD, followed by its contemporary management according to the latest guidelines. Moreover, we present the current progress regarding the emerging therapeutic strategies. Key Messages: The presence of renal impairment leads to alterations in cholesterol structure, metabolism, and reverse transport paired with increased oxidative stress. Statins remain the cornerstone of dyslipidemia management in patients with kidney dysfunction who are at risk for cardiovascular events. However, their efficacy is debatable in end-stage renal disease under renal replacement therapy. Therefore, novel treatment approaches aiming at hypertriglyceridemia, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, and lipoprotein(a) are under rigorous investigation while the research of gut microbiome might provide additional mechanistic and therapeutic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aikaterini Vordoni
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Koukoulaki
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Rigas G Kalaitzidis
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus, Athens, Greece
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13
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Coimbra S, Reis F, Valente MJ, Rocha S, Catarino C, Rocha-Pereira P, Sameiro-Faria M, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Belo L, Santos-Silva A. Subpopulations of High-Density Lipoprotein: Friends or Foes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease? Biomedicines 2021; 9:554. [PMID: 34065648 PMCID: PMC8157071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, although the altered lipid profile does not explain the number and severity of CVD events. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous (size, composition, and functionality) population of particles with different atherogenic or atheroprotective properties. HDL-cholesterol concentrations per se may not entirely reflect a beneficial or a risk profile for CVD. Large HDL in CKD patients may have a unique proteome and lipid composition, impairing their cholesterol efflux capacity. This lack of HDL functionality may contribute to the paradoxical coexistence of increased large HDL and enhanced risk for CVD events. Moreover, CKD is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and/or hypertension that are able to interfere with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antithrombotic properties of HDL subpopulations. How these changes interfere with HDL functions in CKD is still poorly understood. Further studies are warranted to fully clarify if different HDL subpopulations present different functionalities and/or atheroprotective effects. To achieve this goal, the standardization of techniques would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Coimbra
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), 4585-116 Gandra-Paredes, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Valente
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Susana Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Catarino
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Petronila Rocha-Pereira
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Sameiro-Faria
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- Hemodialysis Clinic Hospital Agostinho Ribeiro, 4610-106 Felgueiras, Portugal
| | - Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Luís Belo
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
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Revealing the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073352. [PMID: 33805921 PMCID: PMC8037642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy with multifactorial etiology, which includes metabolic alterations as contributors to disease development. Studies have shown that lipid status disorders are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. In line with this, previous studies have also suggested that the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level decreases in patients with CRC, but more recently, the focus of investigations has shifted toward the exploration of qualitative properties of HDL in this malignancy. Herein, a comprehensive overview of available evidences regarding the putative role of HDL in CRC will be presented. We will analyze existing findings regarding alterations of HDL-C levels but also HDL particle structure and distribution in CRC. In addition, changes in HDL functionality in this malignancy will be discussed. Moreover, we will focus on the genetic regulation of HDL metabolism, as well as the involvement of HDL in disturbances of cholesterol trafficking in CRC. Finally, possible therapeutic implications related to HDL will be presented. Given the available evidence, future studies are needed to resolve all raised issues concerning the suggested protective role of HDL in CRC, its presumed function as a biomarker, and eventual therapeutic approaches based on HDL.
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Grzegorzewska AE, Adamska P, Iwańczyk-Skalska E, Ostromecka K, Niepolski L, Marcinkowski W, Mostowska A, Warchoł W, Żaba C, Jagodziński PP. Paraoxonase 1 concerning dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases, and mortality in haemodialysis patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6773. [PMID: 33762698 PMCID: PMC7990965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is known for preventing atherosclerosis through lipid-modifying features, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, anti-thrombosis, and anti-adhesion properties. Uremic patients requiring haemodialysis (HD) are especially prone to atherosclerosis and its complications. We analysed the PON1 gene (PON1) polymorphisms and serum PON1 (paraoxonase) activity concerning dyslipidaemia and related cardiovascular diseases and mortality to show how they associate under uremic conditions modified by maintenance HD treatment. The rs662 AA + AG (OR 1.76, 95%CI 1.10-2.80, P = 0.018), rs854560 TT (OR 1.48, 95%CI 1.04-2.11, P = 0.031), and rs854560 AT + TT (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.01-1.63, P = 0.040) contributed to the prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidaemia diagnosed by the triglyceride (TG)/HDL-cholesterol ratio ≥ 3.8. The normalized serum PON1 activity positively correlated with atherogenic dyslipidaemia (ẞ 0.67 ± 0.25, P = 0.008). The PON1 rs854560 allele T was involved in the higher prevalence of ischemic cerebral stroke (OR 1.38, 1.02-1.85, P = 0.034). The PON1 rs705379 TT genotype contributed to cardiovascular (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.57, P = 0.025) and cardiac (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.05-1.71, P = 0.018) mortality. All P-values were obtained in multiple regression analyses, including clinical variables. Multifaceted associations of PON1 with dyslipidaemia, ischemic cerebral stroke, and cardiovascular mortality in HD patients provide arguments for the consideration of PON1 and its protein product as therapeutic targets in the prevention of atherosclerosis and its complications in uremic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja E. Grzegorzewska
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Adamska
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Iwańczyk-Skalska
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamila Ostromecka
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Nephrology Research Group, Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Leszek Niepolski
- B. Braun Avitum Poland, Dialysis Center, 64-300 Nowy Tomyśl, Poland
| | | | - Adrianna Mostowska
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Warchoł
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Czesław Żaba
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł P. Jagodziński
- grid.22254.330000 0001 2205 0971Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
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16
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KORUCU B, HACI H, BALİ EB, DERİCİ MK, GUZ G. A possible contributor to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents requirement in hemodialysis: Paraoxonase 1 activity. TURKISH JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.46310/tjim.882813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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17
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Valencia C SY, Isaza M CA, Henao B J, Beltrán A L, Loango N, Landázuri P. Arylesterase activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) on HDL 3 and HDL 2: Relationship with Q192R, C-108T, and L55M polymorphisms. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100971. [PMID: 33778169 PMCID: PMC7985468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controversy exists regarding the role of the subfractions of high-density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3) in cardiovascular disease. The functionality of these particles, and their protective role, is due in part to the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) presence in them. The polymorphisms rs662 (Q192R, A/G), rs854560 (L55 M, T/A), and rs705379 (C-108T) of the PON1 gene have been related to enzyme activity and, with the anti-oxidative capacity of the HDL. The objective was to determine the arylesterase PON1 activity in HDL3 and HDL2 and its relationship with the polymorphisms mentioned, in a young population. Methods The polymorphisms were determined through mini-sequencing (SnaPshot). The HDL subpopulations were separated via ionic precipitation, cholesterol was measured with enzymatic methods, and PON1 activity was measured through spectrophotometry. Results The results show that the PON1 polymorphisms do not influence the cholesterol in the HDL. A variation between 40.02 and 43.9 mg/dL was in all the polymorphisms without significant differences. Additionally, PON1 activity in the HDL3 subfractions was greater (62.83 ± 20 kU/L) than with HDL2 (35.8 ± 20.8 kU/L) in the whole population and in all the polymorphisms (p < 0.001), and it was independent of the polymorphism and differential arylesterase activity in the Q192R polymorphism (QQ > QR > RR). Thus, 115.90 ± 30.7, 88.78 ± 21.3, 65.29 ± 10.2, respectively, for total HDL, with identical behavior for HDL3 and HDL2. Conclusions PON1 polymorphisms do not influence the HDL-c, and the PON activity is greater in the HDL3 than in the HDL2, independent of the polymorphism, but it is necessary to delve into the functionality of these findings in different populations. PON1 polymorphisms do not influence the cholesterol in the HDL subfractions. PON1 arylesterase activity in the HDL3 subfractions was greater than with HDL2. In Q192R, L55 M and C-108T polymorphisms, PON1 activity is always higher in HDL3. This study shows that healthy young people in Colombia have very low HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Y Valencia C
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Program of Nutrition, Universidad Libre, Colombia.,Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Colombia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Quindío, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Isaza M
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Colombia
| | - Julieta Henao B
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Beltrán A
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Colombia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Nelsy Loango
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Quindío, Colombia.,Faculty of Basic Sciences and Technologies, Universidad del Quindío, Colombia
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de Deus LA, Neves RVP, Corrêa HDL, Reis AL, Honorato FS, Silva VL, de Araújo TB, Souza MK, Sousa CV, Simões HG, Prestes J, Silva Neto LS, Rodrigues Santos CA, Melo GF, Stone WJ, Rosa TS. Improving the prognosis of renal patients: The effects of blood flow-restricted resistance training on redox balance and cardiac autonomic function. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1099-1109. [PMID: 33586254 DOI: 10.1113/ep089341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Can resistance training with and without blood flow restriction improve redox balance and positively impact the autonomic cardiac modulation in chronic kidney disease patients? What is the main finding and its importance? Resistance training with and without blood flow restriction improved antioxidant defence (paraoxonase 1), decreased the pro-oxidative myeloperoxidase, improved cardiac autonomic function and slowed the decrease in renal function. We draw attention to the important clinical implications for the management of redox balance and autonomic cardiac function in chronic kidney disease patients. ABSTRACT Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are prone to cardiovascular diseases secondary to abnormalities in both autonomic cardiac function and redox balance [myeloperoxidase (MPO) to paraoxonase 1 (PON1) ratio]. Although aerobic training improves both autonomic balance and redox balance in patients with CKD, the cardioprotective effects of resistance training (RT), with and without blood flow restriction (BFR), remain unknown. We aimed to compare the effects of RT and RT+BFR on antioxidant defence (PON1), pro-oxidative status (MPO), cardiac autonomic function (quantified by heart rate variability analysis) and renal function. Conservative CKD (stages 1 to 5 who do not need hemodialysis) patients (n = 105, 33 female) of both sexes were randomized into three groups: control (CTL; 57.6 ± 5.2 years; body mass index, 33.23 ± 1.62 kg/m2 ), RT (58.09 ± 6.26 years; body mass index 33.63 ± 2.05 kg/m2 ) and RT+BFR (58.06 ± 6.47 years; body mass index, 33.32 ± 1.87 kg/m2 ). Patients completed 6 months of RT or RT+BFR on three non-consecutive days per week under the supervision of strength and conditioning professionals. Training loads were adjusted every 2 months. Heart rate variability was recorded with a Polar-RS800 and data were analysed for time and frequency domains using Kubios software. The redox balance markers were PON1 and MPO, which were analysed in plasma samples. Renal function was estimated as estimated glomerular filtration rate. The RT and RT+BFR decreased pro-oxidative MPO (RT, ∼34 ng/ml and RT+BFR, ∼27 ng/ml), improved both antioxidant defence (PON1: RT, ∼23 U/L and RT+BFR, ∼31 U/L) and cardiac autonomic function (R-R interval: RT, ∼120.4 ms and RT+BFR, ∼117.7 ms), and slowed the deterioration of renal function (P < 0.0001). Redox balance markers were inversely correlated with heart rate variability time-domain indices. Our data indicated that both training models were effective as non-pharmacological tools to increase the antioxidant defences, decrease oxidative stress and improve the cardiac autonomic function of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo de Luca Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Andrea Lucena Reis
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Lopes Silva
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Kendy Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Caio Victor Sousa
- Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Whitley Jo Stone
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Vasylchenko VS, Korol LV, Kuchmenko OB, Stepanova NM. The oxidative status in patients with chronic kidney disease. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Current Understanding of the Relationship of HDL Composition, Structure and Function to Their Cardioprotective Properties in Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091348. [PMID: 32967334 PMCID: PMC7564231 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the general population, the ability of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) to promote cholesterol efflux is a predictor of cardiovascular events, independently of HDL cholesterol levels. Although patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, neither serum levels of HDL cholesterol, nor cholesterol efflux capacity associate with cardiovascular events. Important for the following discussion on the role of HDL in CKD is the notion that traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors only partially account for this increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in CKD. As a potential explanation, across the spectrum of cardiovascular disease, the relative contribution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease becomes less important with advanced CKD. Impaired renal function directly affects the metabolism, composition and functionality of HDL particles. HDLs themselves are a heterogeneous population of particles with distinct sizes and protein composition, all of them affecting the functionality of HDL. Therefore, a more specific approach investigating the functional and compositional features of HDL subclasses might be a valuable strategy to decipher the potential link between HDL, cardiovascular disease and CKD. This review summarizes the current understanding of the relationship of HDL composition, metabolism and function to their cardio-protective properties in CKD, with a focus on CKD-induced changes in the HDL proteome and reverse cholesterol transport capacity. We also will highlight the gaps in the current knowledge regarding important aspects of HDL biology.
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Yeter HH, Korucu B, Akcay OF, Derici K, Derici U, Arinsoy T. Effects of medium cut-off dialysis membranes on inflammation and oxidative stress in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1779-1789. [PMID: 32661626 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medium cut-off membranes were developed for providing increased clearance of larger middle-molecule uremic toxins. We compared the effect of low-flux, medium cut-off, and high-flux membranes on chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS A total of 42 patients were enrolled in this study. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, paraoxonase-1, ischemia-modified albumin, total Thiol, disulfide bond, and native Thiol were measured to determine oxidative stress. C-reactive protein was measured to define inflammation. RESULTS 37% of the total patients were females, and the mean age was 52.9 ± 16 years. Serum albumin and Kt/V were similar between groups during the study period. We did not find any significant difference at baseline in the 3rd and 6th months of the study when we compared the inflammatory marker and oxidative indicator levels between three hemodialysis membranes in the whole study group. In the subgroup analysis of 19 patients with a high C-reactive protein level, we found that the medium cut-off membrane significantly reduced serum C-reactive protein level, when compared to low-flux and high-flux membrane [2.8 mg/L vs. 13.7 mg/L and 6.1 mg/L, respectively, p = 0.05]. However, we did not find a significant change in oxidative stress indicators in patients with high C-reactive protein levels between the three dialysers. CONCLUSION The medium cut-off membrane has favorable effects on inflammation in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. However, this positive effect could not be demonstrated in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Haci Yeter
- Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Berfu Korucu
- Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Kursat Derici
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ulver Derici
- Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Kotur-Stevuljević J, Vekić J, Stefanović A, Zeljković A, Ninić A, Ivanišević J, Miljković M, Sopić M, Munjas J, Mihajlović M, Spasić S, Jelić-Ivanović Z, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V. Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis-related diseases. Biofactors 2020; 46:193-205. [PMID: 31400246 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A direct and an indirect relationship between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and atherosclerosis exists. Given PON1's physical location within high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and its recognized enzyme activity, it is certainly reasonable to suggest that PON1 facilitates the antiatherogenic nature of HDL particles. PON1 also plays a role in regulating reverse cholesterol transport, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, vasodilative, and antithrombotic activities and several endothelial cell functions. HDL dysfunctionality is a more recent issue and seems to be centered on pathological conditions affecting HDL structure and size profiles. This review is focused on the role of PON1 status in different atherosclerosis-related diseases that we have studied over the last twenty years (coronary heart disease, acute ischemic stroke, diabetes mellitus type 2, end-stage renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and sarcoidosis) with the aim to determine the true value of PON1 as a biomarker. The role of PON1 in cancer is also covered, as risk factors and mechanisms underlying both atherosclerosis and cancer share common features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanović
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljković
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ninić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Ivanišević
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Miljković
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miron Sopić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Munjas
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mihajlović
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavica Spasić
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Jelić-Ivanović
- Department for Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Mohammed CJ, Xie Y, Brewster PS, Ghosh S, Dube P, Sarsour T, Kleinhenz AL, Crawford EL, Malhotra D, James RW, Kalra PA, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Circulating Lactonase Activity but Not Protein Level of PON-1 Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Subjects with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071034. [PMID: 31311140 PMCID: PMC6678354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease and death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) outpaces that of the other diseases and is not adequately described by traditional risk factors alone. Diminished activity of paraoxonase (PON)-1 is associated with increased oxidant stress, a common feature underlying the pathogenesis of CKD. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of circulating PON-1 protein and PON lactonase activity on adverse clinical outcomes across various stages and etiologies of CKD. Circulating PON-1 protein levels and PON lactonase activity were measured simultaneously in patients with CKD as well as a cohort of apparently healthy non-CKD subjects. Both circulating PON-1 protein levels and PON lactonase activity were significantly lower in CKD patients compared to the non-CKD subjects. Similarly, across all stages of CKD, circulating PON-1 protein and PON lactonase activity were significantly lower in patients with CKD compared to the non-CKD controls. Circulating PON lactonase activity, but not protein levels, predicted future adverse clinical outcomes, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. The combination of lower circulating protein levels and higher activity within the CKD subjects were associated with the best survival outcomes. These findings demonstrate that diminished circulating PON lactonase activity, but not protein levels, predicts higher risk of future adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysan J Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yanmei Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Pamela S Brewster
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Subhanwita Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Tiana Sarsour
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Andrew L Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Erin L Crawford
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Richard W James
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philip A Kalra
- Department of Renal Medicine, Salford Royal Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, Greater Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Plasma Levels of Preβ1-HDL Are Significantly Elevated in Non-Dialyzed Patients with Advanced Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051202. [PMID: 30857306 PMCID: PMC6429079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) decreases markedly, but there is no strong inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular diseases. This indicates that not only the HDL-C level, but also the other quantitative changes in the HDL particles can influence the protective functionality of these particles, and can play a key role in the increase of cardiovascular risk in CKD patients. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the parameters that may give additional information about the HDL particles in the course of progressing CKD. For this purpose, we analyzed the concentrations of HDL containing apolipoprotein A-I without apolipoprotein A-II (LpA-I), preβ1-HDL, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) in 68 patients at various stages of CKD. The concentration of HDL cholesterol, MPO, PON-1, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity were similar in all of the analyzed stages of CKD. We did not notice significant changes in the LpA-I concentrations in the following stages of CKD (3a CKD stage: 57 ± 19; 3b CKD stage: 54 ± 15; 4 CKD stage: 52 ± 14; p = 0.49). We found, however, that the preβ1-HDL concentration and preβ1-HDL/LpA-I ratio increased along with the progress of CKD, and were inversely correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), even after adjusting for age, gender, triacylglycerols (TAG), HDL cholesterol, and statin therapy (β = −0.41, p < 0.001; β = −0.33, p = 0.001, respectively). Our results support the earlier hypothesis that kidney disease leads to the modification of HDL particles, and show that the preβ1-HDL concentration is significantly elevated in non-dialyzed patients with advanced stages of CKD.
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