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López-Ramírez LA, Martínez-Álvarez JA, Martínez-Duncker I, Lozoya-Pérez NE, Mora-Montes HM. Silencing of Sporothrix schenckii GP70 Reveals Its Contribution to Fungal Adhesion, Virulence, and the Host-Fungus Interaction. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:302. [PMID: 38786657 PMCID: PMC11121839 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii is one of the etiological agents of sporotrichosis, a cutaneous and subcutaneous infection distributed worldwide. Like other medically relevant fungi, its cell wall is a molecular scaffold to display virulence factors, such as protective pigments, hydrolytic enzymes, and adhesins. Cell wall proteins with adhesive properties have been previously reported, but only a handful of them have been identified and characterized. One of them is Gp70, an abundant cell wall protein mainly found on the surface of yeast-like cells. Since the protein also has a role in the activity of 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cyclase and its abundance is low in highly virulent strains, its role in the Sporothrix-host interaction remains unclear. Here, a set of GP70-silenced strains was generated, and the molecular and phenotypical characterization was performed. The results showed that mutants with high silencing levels showed a significant reduction in the adhesion to laminin and fibrinogen, enzyme activity, and defects in the cell wall composition, which included reduced mannose, rhamnose, and protein content, accompanied by an increment in β-1,3-glucans levels. The cell wall N-linked glycan content was significantly reduced. These strains induced poor TNFα and IL-6 levels when interacting with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dectin-1-, TLR2-, and TLR4-dependent stimulation. The IL-1β and IL-10 levels were significantly higher and were stimulated via dectin-1. Phagocytosis and stimulation of neutrophil extracellular traps by human granulocytes were increased in highly GP70-silenced strains. Furthermore, these mutants showed virulence attenuation in the invertebrate model Galleria mellonella. Our results demonstrate that Gp70 is a versatile protein with adhesin properties, is responsible for the activity of 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cyclase, and is relevant for the S. schenckii-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz A. López-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato Gto. 36050, Mexico; (L.A.L.-R.); (J.A.M.-Á.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - José A. Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato Gto. 36050, Mexico; (L.A.L.-R.); (J.A.M.-Á.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca Mor. 62209, Mexico;
| | - Nancy E. Lozoya-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato Gto. 36050, Mexico; (L.A.L.-R.); (J.A.M.-Á.); (N.E.L.-P.)
| | - Héctor M. Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato Gto. 36050, Mexico; (L.A.L.-R.); (J.A.M.-Á.); (N.E.L.-P.)
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Galván-Hernández AK, Gómez-Gaviria M, Martínez-Duncker I, Martínez-Álvarez JA, Mora-Montes HM. Differential Recognition of Clinically Relevant Sporothrix Species by Human Granulocytes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:986. [PMID: 37888242 PMCID: PMC10607474 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a cutaneous mycosis that affects humans and animals and has a worldwide distribution. This infection is mainly caused by Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa. Current research about anti-Sporothrix immunity has been mainly focused on S. schenckii and S. brasiliensis, using different types of human or animal immune cells. Granulocytes are a group of cells relevant for cytokine production, with the capacity for phagocytosis and the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Considering their importance, this study aimed to compare the capacity of human granulocytes to stimulate cytokines, uptake, and form NETs when interacting with different Sporothrix species. We found that conidia, germlings, and yeast-like cells from S. schenckii, S. brasiliensis, and S. globosa play an important role in the interaction with these immune cells, establishing morphology- and species-specific cytokine profiles. S. brasil-iensis tended to stimulate an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, whilst the other two species had a proinflammatory one. S. globosa cells were the most phagocytosed cells, which occurred through a dectin-1-dependent mechanism, while the uptake of S. brasiliensis mainly occurred via TLR4 and CR3. Cell wall N-linked and O-linked glycans, along with β-1,3-glucan, played a significant role in the interaction of these Sporothrix species with human granulocytes. Finally, this study indicates that conidia and yeast-like cells are capable of inducing NETs, with the latter being a better stimulant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the cytokine profiles produced by human granulocytes interacting with Sporothrix cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana K. Galván-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato Gto. 36050, Mexico; (A.K.G.-H.); (M.G.-G.); (J.A.M.-Á.)
| | - Manuela Gómez-Gaviria
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato Gto. 36050, Mexico; (A.K.G.-H.); (M.G.-G.); (J.A.M.-Á.)
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca Mor. 62209, Mexico;
| | - José A. Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato Gto. 36050, Mexico; (A.K.G.-H.); (M.G.-G.); (J.A.M.-Á.)
| | - Héctor M. Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato Gto. 36050, Mexico; (A.K.G.-H.); (M.G.-G.); (J.A.M.-Á.)
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de Sousa BIC, Ferreira LCF, de Lima MMR, Netto JDSB, Astacio GSM, Bernardes-Engemann AR, de Macedo PM, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Freitas DFS. Osteoarticular Sporotrichosis of the Knee Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis: Two Similar Cases with Different Outcomes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:956. [PMID: 37888212 PMCID: PMC10607728 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is the most frequent subcutaneous or implantation mycosis in Latin America, and its transmission occurs as a result of traumatic inoculation into the skin by organic matter containing the thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Although cutaneous forms are more common, another important site is the osteoarticular system, whose hematogenous involvement is commonly associated with disseminated forms, especially in people who have an immunosuppressive condition, such as HIV/AIDS, chronic steroid use, and alcohol abuse. We present two cases of osteoarticular sporotrichosis of the knee caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and followed up at our institution, with different outcomes. In the cases presented here, aging, anatomical sites, comorbidities, subtherapeutic serum levels, low adherence to treatment, and late diagnosis for different reasons may explain the observed outcomes. Early diagnosis of Sporothrix infection is critical in preventing complications, including death. We also highlight the importance of multidisciplinary follow-up and adherence to treatment for a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ivanovinsky Costa de Sousa
- Vice-Direção de Ensino, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Cristina Fonseca Ferreira
- Vice-Direção de Ensino, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcella Morgado Ramiro de Lima
- Vice-Direção de Ensino, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana dos Santos Barbosa Netto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guis Saint-Martin Astacio
- Serviço de Imagem, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Reis Bernardes-Engemann
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marques de Macedo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Gutierrez-Galhardo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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Ortiz-Ramírez JA, Cuéllar-Cruz M, Villagómez-Castro JC, López-Romero E. Fungal Glycosidases in Sporothrix Species and Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:919. [PMID: 37755027 PMCID: PMC10532485 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are enzymes that participate in many biological processes of fungi and other organisms by hydrolyzing glycosidic linkages in glycosides. They play fundamental roles in the degradation of carbohydrates and the assembly of glycoproteins and are important subjects of studies in molecular biology and biochemistry. Based on amino acid sequence similarities and 3-dimensional structures in the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy), they have been classified in 171 families. Members of some of these families also exhibit the activity of trans-glycosydase or glycosyl transferase (GT), i.e., they create a new glycosidic bond in a substrate instead of breaking it. Fungal glycosidases are important for virulence by aiding tissue adhesion and colonization, nutrition, immune evasion, biofilm formation, toxin release, and antibiotic resistance. Here, we review fungal glycosidases with a particular emphasis on Sporothrix species and C. albicans, two well-recognized human pathogens. Covered issues include a brief account of Sporothrix, sporotrichosis, the different types of glycosidases, their substrates, and mechanism of action, recent advances in their identification and characterization, their potential biotechnological applications, and the limitations and challenges of their study given the rather poor available information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Everardo López-Romero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
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Perrault JL, Endelman LA, Kraemer MR, Chen D, Lake WB, Salamat MS. Intramedullary disseminated sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent patient: case report and review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:450. [PMID: 37415105 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disseminated sporotrichosis is a severe opportunistic infection that often affects immunocompromised patients after a cutaneous inoculation. Here we present a rare case of disseminated sporotrichosis discovered as a solitary intramedullary thoracic spinal cord lesion in an immunocompetent patient. CASE DESCRIPTION A 37-year-old man presented with progressive lower limb weakness and sensory changes over 1 week. A spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a contrast-enhancing intramedullary lesion centered at T10. The patient was afebrile and reported no history of trauma or cutaneous lesions. The lesion was unresponsive to a trial of corticosteroids. A thoracic laminectomy was performed and a biopsy obtained. A cutaneous lesion on the arm was concurrently discovered, which was also biopsied. Both the skin and spinal cord biopsies showed Sporothrix schenckii by macroscopic and microscopic morphology which were later confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION This is a rare case of intramedullary disseminated sporotrichosis affecting the central nervous system of an immunocompetent patient. This unusual presentation should be taken into consideration when such intramedullary lesions are encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Perrault
- University of Pikeville Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, 147 Sycamore Street, Pikeville, KY, 41501, USA
| | - Levi A Endelman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Mark R Kraemer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Derrick Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Wendell B Lake
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - M Shahriar Salamat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Rodrigues AM, Gonçalves SS, de Carvalho JA, Borba-Santos LP, Rozental S, de Camargo ZP. Current Progress on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sporotrichosis and Their Future Trends. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:776. [PMID: 35893145 PMCID: PMC9331723 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis, a human and animal disease caused by Sporothrix species, is the most important implantation mycosis worldwide. Sporothrix taxonomy has improved in recent years, allowing important advances in diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment. Molecular epidemiology reveals that S. brasiliensis remains highly prevalent during the cat-transmitted sporotrichosis outbreaks in South America and that the spread of S. brasiliensis occurs through founder effects. Sporothrix globosa and S. schenckii are cosmopolitan on the move, causing major sapronoses in Asia and the Americas, respectively. In this emerging scenario, one-health approaches are required to develop a creative, effective, and sustainable response to tackle the spread of sporotrichosis. In the 21st century, it has become vital to speciate Sporothrix, and PCR is the main pillar of molecular diagnosis, aiming at the detection of the pathogen DNA from clinical samples through multiplex assays, whose sensitivity reaches remarkably three copies of the target. The treatment of sporotrichosis can be challenging, especially after the emergence of resistance to azoles and polyenes. Alternative drugs arising from discoveries or repositioning have entered the radar of basic research over the last decade and point to several molecules with antifungal potential, especially the hydrazone derivatives with great in vitro and in vivo activities. There are many promising developments for the near future, and in this review, we discuss how these trends can be applied to the Sporothrix-sporotrichosis system to mitigate the advance of an emerging and re-emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil; (J.A.d.C.); (Z.P.d.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santos Gonçalves
- Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Center for Research in Medical Mycology, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitoria 29043900, Brazil;
| | - Jamile Ambrósio de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil; (J.A.d.C.); (Z.P.d.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil
| | - Luana P. Borba-Santos
- Cell Biology and Parasitology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil; (L.P.B.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sonia Rozental
- Cell Biology and Parasitology Program, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil; (L.P.B.-S.); (S.R.)
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil; (J.A.d.C.); (Z.P.d.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023062, Brazil
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Charles-Niño CL, Loera A, Medina-Guerrero EO, Sanroman-Loza EA, Toledo B, Pedroza-Roldan C. Sporotrichosis: an Overview in the Context of the One Health Approach. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-022-00250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yáñez Díaz S, Roiz Mesones MP. Erosive and crusty plaque on the left forearm. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 39:471-472. [PMID: 34475014 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Yáñez Díaz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain.
| | - María Pía Roiz Mesones
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
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An 18-year-old man with tropical verrucous syndrome: Leishmaniasis or sporotrichosis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:240-246. [PMID: 34214265 PMCID: PMC8372839 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
El síndrome verrugoso tropical comprende condiciones cutáneas infecciosas, crónicas y granulomatosas que cursan con placas, nódulos o úlceras verrugosas, de ahí su nombre. Este síndrome incluye la cromoblastomicosis, la esporotricosis, la paracoccidioidomicosis, la lobomicosis, la leishmaniasis y la tuberculosis cutánea verrugosa, todas ellas enfermedades de amplia distribución en áreas tropicales y subtropicales. Sus diagnósticos pueden ser difíciles y confundirse entre sí, lo cual es más frecuente entre la esporotricosis y la leishmaniasis. Para distinguirlas se recurre a criterios clínicos y epidemiológicos, y a métodos diagnósticos como intradermorreacción, examen directo, biopsia, cultivo, inmunofluorescencia y PCR, algunos de los cuales no son de uso común. El diagnóstico preciso conduce al tratamiento adecuado. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 18 años con extensas placas verrugosas en una rodilla, inicialmente interpretadas como leishmaniasis verrugosa por la clínica, la epidemiología y la biopsia. Se le trató con Glucantime® durante 20 días, pero no presentó mejoría, por lo que se tomó una nueva biopsia que también se interpretó como leishmaniasis cutánea. La revisión de ambas biopsias evidenció inflamación con granulomas abscedados y presencia de cuerpos asteroides esporotricósicos, que condujeron al diagnóstico de esporotricosis, el cual se confirmó luego con el cultivo del hongo. Las lesiones remitieron con la administración de itraconazol. La clínica y la epidemiología de la leishmaniasis y las de la esporotricosis pueden ser semejantes, por lo que la biopsia y los estudios de laboratorio son esenciales para establecer el diagnóstico. El cuerpo asteroide esporotricósico es patognomónico de esta entidad. Se revisaron los conceptos esenciales de estas condiciones y los criterios para diferenciarlas.
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Ramírez-Oliveros JF, Casz Schechtman R, de Vries HJ, Lora L, Cardoso Arinelli A, da Costa Nery JA, Saraiva Freitas DF. Ocular adnexal sporotrichosis: A case series. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 13:52-56. [PMID: 34150968 PMCID: PMC8190125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Felipe Ramírez-Oliveros
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay (IDPRDA), Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Casz Schechtman
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay (IDPRDA), Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henry John de Vries
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Lora
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay (IDPRDA), Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cardoso Arinelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Augusto da Costa Nery
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay (IDPRDA), Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro-Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Eneva R, Engibarov S, Abrashev R, Krumova E, Angelova M. Sialic acids, sialoconjugates and enzymes of their metabolism in fungi. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1879678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rumyana Eneva
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stephan Engibarov
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav Abrashev
- Department of Mycology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Krumova
- Department of Mycology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Angelova
- Department of Mycology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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12
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Yáñez Díaz S, Roiz Mesones MP. Erosive and crusty plaque on the left forearm. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021; 39:S0213-005X(21)00018-5. [PMID: 33563482 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Yáñez Díaz
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, España.
| | - María Pía Roiz Mesones
- Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, España
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13
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Skin Fungal Infections in Children: Diagnostic Challenges. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-020-00407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Winsett FT, Patel SG, Kelly BC. Bedside Diagnostics for Infections: A Guide for Dermatologists. Am J Clin Dermatol 2020; 21:697-709. [PMID: 32562204 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In dermatology, there are many bedside diagnostic tests that may aid in more rapid diagnosis and early initiation of appropriate therapy. When performed correctly, these bedside diagnostic tests can provide both sensitive and specific results. We discuss bedside diagnostic tests, such as the Tzanck smear, potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, and mineral oil preparation, with a specific focus on their use in diagnosing infectious dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Winsett
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, 4.112 McCullough Building, Galveston, TX, 77555-0783, USA
| | - Shaunak G Patel
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Brent C Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, 4.112 McCullough Building, Galveston, TX, 77555-0783, USA.
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15
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Grisolia JC, Santos LA, Coelho LML, Silva RR, de Camargo ZP, Velloso TRG, Coelho LFL, Chavasco JK, Malaquias LCC. Seroepidemiological survey on sporotrichosis-infection in rural areas of the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:41-47. [PMID: 32406049 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by traumatic inoculation into the skin by fungi species of the genus Sporothrix. The disease has different clinical manifestations (cutaneous, lymphocutaneous, and disseminated), and can also progress to a systemic infection. Despite having a worldwide distribution, sporotrichosis is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. In Brazil, reports of the disease are higher frequent, where cases of the disease were found in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Curitiba, Pernambuco, and Paraiba, among others. Certain groups of people may be more exposed to the causative agent of disease, such as residents of rural areas. Thus, this work aimed to carry out a seroepidemiological survey of the prevalence of sporotrichosis in four rural locations in the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In this study, we used an indirect ELISA test in the survey on the prevalence of sporotrichosis. Data obtained in this study evaluated a population of 631 individuals and showed a prevalence of 44.69%. The distribution of seroprevalence of sporotrichosis with respect to age groups and gender showed no significant statistical difference. Thus, we found a high seroprevalence of sporotrichosis-infection in rural regions of southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with no difference in prevalence in relation to gender and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Caravita Grisolia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas a Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Lauana Aparecida Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Maria Leomil Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas a Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kleber Chavasco
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil.
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16
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Oliveira LCD, Almeida-Paes R, Pizzini CV, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Freitas DFS, Zancopé-Oliveira RM. Diagnostic performance of mycologic and serologic methods in a cohort of patients with suspected sporotrichosis. Rev Iberoam Micol 2019; 36:61-65. [PMID: 31078386 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gold standard for the sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture; however, serologic approaches have been recently implemented to aid in the sporotrichosis diagnosis. Nevertheless, the clinical consequences of the introduction of serologic tests are poorly addressed. AIMS To correlate the results of culture and serology of patients with suspected sporotrichosis. METHODS A retrospective study of 198 patients with suspected sporotrichosis was conducted. Information about culture isolation of Sporothrix from clinical samples and antibody detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were obtained from the medical records of the patients. RESULTS Positive culture and antibody detection was observed in the samples of 84 patients (42.4%). Forty-one samples (20.7%) showed negative results with both techniques and divergent results were obtained in the samples of 73 patients (36.9%). False negative results in the ELISA were observed with 23 patients (31.5%), 78.3% of them with less than 30 days of infection (p=0.0045). Among the initial false positive ELISA in the sera of 50 patients, four samples in culture yielded the growth of Sporothrix, and 27 improved with itraconazole. At the end of follow-up, a diagnosis of proven or probable sporotrichosis was established in 139 patients, and possible sporotrichosis in 11 patients. The treatment of the patients with probable sporotrichosis with antifungal drugs resulted in clinical cure for these individuals. CONCLUSIONS These two techniques are complementary in the diagnosis of sporotrichosis, making diagnosis and clinical decision more precise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luã Cardoso de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia Vera Pizzini
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Gutierrez-Galhardo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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17
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A New, Firm, Solitary Nodule in a Patient With HIV/AIDS: Answer. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 40:861. [PMID: 30339566 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Coelho LML, Grisolia JC, Lúcia M, Boczar M, Ferreira EB, Nogueira DA, Chavasco JK, de Camargo ZP, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Bezerra LML, Coelho LFL, Malaquias LCC. Effects of metaperiodate and urea solutions on the serological diagnosis of human sporotrichosis using an indirect ELISA test. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:139-145. [PMID: 30637654 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is an infection of the skin caused by traumatic inoculation of the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Definitive diagnosis relies on direct visualization of the fungus or its isolation on culture medium, although both have low sensitivity. Alternatively, the detection of the antibody response offers a more rapid alternative for diagnosis. Although the available immunoassays possess good sensitivity and specificity, cross-reactivity is still a problem. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium metaperiodate and 6 M urea solutions on the serological diagnosis of sporotrichosis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Ninety-six-well plates were sensitized with exoantigens from the yeast phase of S. schenckii. Sera of patients with confirmed sporotrichosis, sera of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, and sera of individuals with a sporotrichin-negative skin test were tested. Two strategies were used; the first consisted of treating the antigen with sodium metaperiodate solution for different incubation times, and the second consisted of treating the serum with 6 M urea solution for different incubation times. ROC curve analysis revealed that the best discrimination parameters were obtained using 6 M urea solution incubated for 5 min and serum dilution at 1/600. The use of 6 M urea solution improves the performance of the ELISA test in the diagnosis of sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Maria Leomil Coelho
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, MG, CEP 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Julianne Caravita Grisolia
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, MG, CEP 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Míriam Boczar
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge Kleber Chavasco
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, MG, CEP 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Zoilo Pires de Camargo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leila Maria Lopes Bezerra
- Laboratório de Micologia Celular e Proteômica, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Leomil Coelho
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, MG, CEP 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, MG, CEP 37130-001, Brazil.
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19
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Abstract
The primary care provider will commonly see skin and soft tissue infections in the outpatient setting. Skin and soft tissue infections range from the uncomplicated impetigo to the potentially lethal necrotizing fasciitis. This article reviews these infections based on their underlying etiology: bacterial, fungal, and viral causes. This article discusses the etiology, presentation, evaluation, and management of impetigo, bullous impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, periorbital cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, abscess, necrotizing fasciitis, sporotrichosis, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea capitis, Herpes Simplex Virus, zoster, molluscum contagiosum, and warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T Clebak
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, 121 North Nyes Road, Harrisburg, PA 17112, USA.
| | - Michael A Malone
- Department of Family Medicine, Tidelands Health MUSC Family Medicine Residency Program, 4320 Holmestown Road, Myrtle Beach, SC 29588, USA
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20
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Mandl K, Cantelmo C, Gruber E, Faber F, Friedrich B, Zaller JG. Effects of Glyphosate-, Glufosinate- and Flazasulfuron-Based Herbicides on Soil Microorganisms in a Vineyard. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:562-569. [PMID: 30229276 PMCID: PMC6223855 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In a vineyard we examined the effects of broad-spectrum herbicides with three different active ingredients (glyphosate, glufosinate, flazasulfuron) on soil microorganisms. Mechanical weeding served as control treatment. Treatments were applied within grapevine rows and soil samples taken from there in 10-20 cm depth 77 days after application. Fungi were analyzed using classical sequencing technology and bacteria using next-generation sequencing. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) comprising bacteria, yeasts and molds was higher under flazasulfuron compared to all other treatments which had similar CFU levels. Abundance of the fungus Mucor was higher under flazasulfuron than glufosinate and mechanical weeding; Mucor was absent under glyphosate. Several other fungi taxa were exclusively found under a specific treatment. Up to 160 different bacteria species were found - some of them for the first time in vineyard soils. Total bacterial counts under herbicides were on average 260% higher than under mechanical weeding; however due to high variability this was not statistically significant. We suggest that herbicide-induced alterations of soil microorganisms could have knock-on effects on other parts of the grapevine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mandl
- Federal College and Research Center for Viticulture and Pomology, Wienerstraße 74, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Clemens Cantelmo
- Federal College and Research Center for Viticulture and Pomology, Wienerstraße 74, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edith Gruber
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Faber
- Federal College and Research Center for Viticulture and Pomology, Wienerstraße 74, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Friedrich
- Federal College and Research Center for Viticulture and Pomology, Wienerstraße 74, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Johann G Zaller
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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García-Lozano A, Toriello C, Antonio-Herrera L, Bonifaz LC. Sporothrix schenckii Immunization, but Not Infection, Induces Protective Th17 Responses Mediated by Circulating Memory CD4 + T Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1275. [PMID: 29946313 PMCID: PMC6005866 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis caused by the Sporothrix schenckii species complex and it is considered an emerging opportunistic infection in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. The host’s immune response has a main role in the development of this disease. However, it is unknown the features of the memory cellular immune response that could protect against the infection. Our results show that i.d. immunization in the ears of mice with inactivated S. schenckii conidia (iC) combined with the cholera toxin (CT) induces a cellular immune response mediated by circulating memory CD4+ T cells, which mainly produce interleukin 17 (IL-17). These cells mediate a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. Systemic and local protection against S. schenckii was mediated by circulating CD4+ T cells. In contrast, the infection induces a potent immune response in the skin mediated by CD4+ T cells, which have an effector phenotype that preferentially produce interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and mediate a transitory DTH reaction. Our findings prove the potential value of the CT as a potent skin adjuvant when combined with fungal antigens, and they also have important implications for our better understanding of the differences between the memory immune response induced by the skin immunization and those induced by the infection; this knowledge enhances our understanding of how a protective immune response against a S. schenckii infection is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García-Lozano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Conchita Toriello
- Laboratorio de Micología Básica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Antonio-Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Goyal S, Castrillón-Betancur JC, Klaile E, Slevogt H. The Interaction of Human Pathogenic Fungi With C-Type Lectin Receptors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1261. [PMID: 29915598 PMCID: PMC5994417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi, usually present as commensals, are a major cause of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. Such infections, if not diagnosed or treated properly, can prove fatal. However, in most cases healthy individuals are able to avert the fungal attacks by mounting proper antifungal immune responses. Among the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are the major players in antifungal immunity. CLRs can recognize carbohydrate ligands, such as β-glucans and mannans, which are mainly found on fungal cell surfaces. They induce proinflammatory immune reactions, including phagocytosis, oxidative burst, cytokine, and chemokine production from innate effector cells, as well as activation of adaptive immunity via Th17 responses. CLRs such as Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Mincle, mannose receptor (MR), and DC-SIGN can recognize many disease-causing fungi and also collaborate with each other as well as other PRRs in mounting a fungi-specific immune response. Mutations in these receptors affect the host response and have been linked to a higher risk in contracting fungal infections. This review focuses on how CLRs on various immune cells orchestrate the antifungal response and on the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms in these receptors toward the risk of developing such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Goyal
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Juan Camilo Castrillón-Betancur
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,International Leibniz Research School for Microbial and Biomolecular Interactions, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology/Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Esther Klaile
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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23
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Sporotrichosis: From KOH to Molecular Biology. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4020062. [PMID: 29882883 PMCID: PMC6023365 DOI: 10.3390/jof4020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a cosmopolitan, chronic granulomatous mycosis, acquired by traumatic inoculation and caused by Sporothrix schenckii complex. Several methods of diagnostic are available, from KOH to molecular biology. In this review, we describe from the simplest (clinical diagnosis) to the most advanced diagnostic techniques (molecular biology).
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24
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Benvegnú AM, Stramari J, Dallazem LND, Chemello RML, Beber AAC. Disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis in patient with alcoholism. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 50:871-873. [PMID: 29340472 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0281-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is the most prevalent subcutaneous mycosis and is characterized by a subacute or chronic development of a cutaneous or subcutaneous nodular lesion. It is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix spp, which may manifest in different clinical forms. The disseminated cutaneous form is uncommon and is more likely to occur in immunocompromised patients. We report a 47-year-old male patient with multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis based on the isolation and identification of Sporothrix spp. The patient was treated with potassium iodide, which resulted in clinical improvement of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Benvegnú
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Juliana Stramari
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Lia Natália Diehl Dallazem
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Raíssa Massaia Londero Chemello
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - André Avelino Costa Beber
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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25
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Larson KN, Pandey S, Hoover W, Sun NZ. Sporotrichosis in the nail-An unusual location and presentation. JAAD Case Rep 2018; 4:47-49. [PMID: 29387746 PMCID: PMC5771738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krista N. Larson
- Department of Dermatology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Shaily Pandey
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William Hoover
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natalie Z. Sun
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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26
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Aronowitz PB, Gilroy M, Christiansen KN. Disseminated Sporotrichosis with Osteolytic Bone Involvement. J Gen Intern Med 2017; 32:1063. [PMID: 28349410 PMCID: PMC5570735 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-017-4048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Aronowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Meghan Gilroy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Katerina N Christiansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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27
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Rasamoelina T, Raharolahy O, Rakotozandrindrainy N, Ranaivo I, Andrianarison M, Rakotonirina B, Maubon D, Rakotomalala F, Rakoto Andrianarivelo M, Andriantsimahavandy A, Rapelanoro Rabenja F, Ramarozatovo L, Cornet M. Chromoblastomycosis and sporotrichosis, two endemic but neglected fungal infections in Madagascar. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:312-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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de Almeida JRF, Santiago KL, Kaihami GH, Maranhão AQ, de Macedo Brígido M, de Almeida SR. The Efficacy of Humanized Antibody against the Sporothrix Antigen, gp70, in Promoting Phagocytosis and Reducing Disease Burden. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:345. [PMID: 28316596 PMCID: PMC5334357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis distributed worldwide and is frequently reported in countries with tropical climates, as Latin America countries. We previously demonstrated that mice with sporotrichosis produce specific antibodies against a 70-kDa fungal protein, indicating that specific antibodies against this molecule may help to control the sporotrichosis. IgG1 monoclonal antibody was generated, and called mAbP6E7, in mice against a 70-kDa glycoprotein (gp70) of S. schenckii. The mAbP6E7 showed prophylactic and therapeutic activity against sporotrichosis. However, this antibody has a murine origin, and this can generate an immune response when administered to humans, precluding its use for a prolonged time. For its possible use in the treatment of human sporotrichosis, we humanized the mAbP6E7 by genetic engineering. Once expressed, the humanized antibodies had good stability and were able to bind to the 70-kDa cell wall antigens of Sporothrix schenckii and S. brasiliensis. The humanized P6E7 were able to opsonize S. schenckii yeasts, thus increasing the phagocytic index in human monocyte-derived macrophages. The treatment with humanized P6E7 decreased fungal burden in vivo. These data suggest that humanized P6E7 may have a therapeutic role in sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R F de Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla L Santiago
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto H Kaihami
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Q Maranhão
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Macedo Brígido
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sandro R de Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins CP, Nakamura R, Schechtman RC, Leverone A. Periungual sporotrichosis: a diagnostic challenge. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:209-211. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa P.S. Martins
- PGY-3 Dermatology Resident, Institute of Dermatology Professor Rubem David Azulay; Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Robertha Nakamura
- Associate Professor, Nail Study Center of the Institute of Dermatology Professor Rubem David Azulay; Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Regina C. Schechtman
- Associate Professor, Department of Micology of the Institute of Dermatology Professor Rubem David Azulay; Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Andreia Leverone
- Associate Professor, Nail Study Center of the Institute of Dermatology Professor Rubem David Azulay; Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Superficial and Subcutaneous Fungal Pathogens. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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31
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Afectación cutánea en las micosis profundas: una revisión de la literatura. Parte 1: micosis subcutáneas. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016; 107:806-815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Cutaneous Involvement in the Deep Mycoses: A Literature Review. Part I—Subcutaneous Mycoses. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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33
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Del Palacio A, Bettucci L, Pan D. Fusarium and Aspergillus mycotoxins contaminating wheat silage for dairy cattle feeding in Uruguay. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:1000-1005. [PMID: 27522933 PMCID: PMC5052332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important cultivated cereals in Uruguay for human consumption; however, when harvest yields are low, wheat is usually used in ensiling for animal feeding. Ensiling is a forage preservation method that allows for storage during extended periods of time while maintaining nutritional values comparable to fresh pastures. Silage is vulnerable to contamination by spoilage molds and mycotoxins because ensilage materials are excellent substrates for fungal growth. The aim of the study was to identify the mycobiota composition and occurrence of aflatoxins and DON from wheat silage. A total of 220 samples of wheat were collected from four farms in the southwest region of Uruguay were silage practices are developed. The main fungi isolated were Fusarium (43%) and Aspergillus (36%), with Fusarium graminearum sensu lato and Aspergillus section Flavi being the most prevalent species. Aflatoxin concentrations in silo bags ranged from 6.1 to 23.3μg/kg, whereas DON levels ranged between 3000μg/kg and 12,400μg/kg. When evaluating aflatoxigenic capacity, 27.5% of Aspergillus section Flavi strains produced AFB1, 5% AFB2, 10% AFG1 and 17.5% AFG2. All isolates of F. graminearum sensu lato produced DON and 15-AcDON. The results from this study contribute to the knowledge of mycobiota and mycotoxins present in wheat silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Del Palacio
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Ingeniería, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lina Bettucci
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Ingeniería, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Pan
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Ingeniería, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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34
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A Lesion on the Ear Resulting From Infection Acquired in the Tropics. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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35
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Arenas-Soto C, Téllez-Kling A, Alvarado-Álvarez Z. Lesión infecciosa del pabellón auricular en el trópico. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016; 107:599-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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36
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Song JG, Song YB, Yun SY, Suh MK, Ha GY, Kim JR, Choi JS. Cutaneous Sporotrichosis Presenting as Clinical Feature of Facial Cellulitis in an Adult. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:507-8. [PMID: 27489440 PMCID: PMC4969487 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.4.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gyu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - You Bum Song
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Sang Youl Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Moo Kyu Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Gyoung Yim Ha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Jung Ran Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Jong Soo Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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González-García A, Grillo-Fernandez E, Chaparro O, Patier de la Peña JL, Barbolla Díaz I. [Erithematous nodules with linear distribution]. Semergen 2016; 43:e1-e2. [PMID: 27174713 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A González-García
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.
| | | | - O Chaparro
- Atención primaria, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, España
| | | | - I Barbolla Díaz
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
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García-Romero MT, Lara-Corrales I, Kovarik CL, Pope E, Arenas R. Tropical Skin Diseases in Children: A Review- Part I. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:253-63. [PMID: 27040351 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of travel and migration patterns, tropical skin diseases are now seen all around the world, not just in tropical or developing countries. Nutrition, housing, and environmental factors play an important role in these infectious diseases, so when they appear out of their normal environments, their classic presentation may vary. Tropical diseases can also present differently in childhood, making their recognition, diagnosis, and management a clinical challenge. Health care providers in developed countries need to be familiar with tropical skin diseases and be able to diagnose them in returning travelers or immigrants in order to optimize care. This article aims to review the epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of some of the most common tropical dermatologic conditions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Lara-Corrales
- Dermatology Section, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carrie L Kovarik
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elena Pope
- Dermatology Section, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto Arenas
- Mycology Section, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bazzi T, Melo SMPD, Fighera RA, Kommers GD. Características clínico-epidemiológicas, histomorfológicas e histoquímicas da esporotricose felina. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Resumo Esporotricose é uma infecção fúngica causada por espécies do complexo Sporothrix, vista com maior frequência em gatos, equinos e cães. Os principais objetivos deste estudo retrospectivo foram caracterizar os aspectos histomorfológicos e histoquímicos da esporotricose em 10 gatos, além de avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e os achados macroscópicos desses 10 casos, obtidos dos protocolos de biópsias e necropsias dos arquivos do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. A doença acometeu predominantemente gatos machos, sem raça definida e apresentou-se principalmente na forma cutânea disseminada. As lesões macroscópicas caracterizaram-se como nódulos cutâneos (ulcerados ou não) e como massas e placas ulceradas. Na histopatologia observou-se uma relação entre a quantidade de leveduras observada e dois padrões de resposta inflamatória. O primeiro padrão caracterizou-se por numerosas leveduras que se encontravam, na sua maioria, no interior de numerosos macrófagos com citoplasma abundante e muitas vezes vacuolizado. Nesse padrão, a quantidade de neutrófilos variava de leve a moderada. O segundo padrão caracterizava-se por numerosas células epitelioides, infiltrado predominantemente acentuado de neutrófilos e a quantidade de leveduras era leve e estas eram observadas geralmente livres no espaço extracelular. As leveduras eram redondas, ovais ou alongadas (em forma de charuto). Foram utilizadas várias técnicas histoquímicas como a impregnação pela prata de Grocott, ácido periódico de Schiff e azul Alciano que facilitaram a visualização, caracterização da morfologia e quantificação dos organismos. A coloração de Giemsa permitiu a visualização do agente, porém não permitiu destacá-los nitidamente de outros elementos intralesionais. Os organismos foram negativos para grânulos de melanina pela coloração de Fontana-Masson em todos os casos. O estudo histomorfológico e histoquímico permitiu demonstrar características fúngicas determinantes para o estabelecimento do diagnóstico de esporotricose através dessa ferramenta diagnóstica.
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Reis BD, Cobucci FO, Zacaron LH, D'Acri AM, Lima RB, Martins CJ. Sporotrichosis in an unusual location--Case report. An Bras Dermatol 2015; 90:84-7. [PMID: 26312682 PMCID: PMC4540516 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis. It is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, and the infection is usually acquired by traumatic inoculation. We describe a case of sporotrichosis in an uncommon location with an unusual mode of transmission. A 49-year-old female patient who lived in an urban area of Rio de Janeiro presented with involvement of the left ear. No history of contact with soil, plants or animals was elicited. The suspected source of infection was a pair of handmade wooden earrings. The delay in the diagnosis and treatment resulted in higher morbidity, unsightly scarring and loss of ear lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brisa Dondoni Reis
- Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
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Marques GF, Martins ALGP, Sousa JMP, Brandão LSG, Wachholz PA, Masuda PY. Characterization of sporotrichosis cases treated in a dermatologic teaching unit in the state of São Paulo - Brazil, 2003 - 2013. An Bras Dermatol 2015; 90:273-5. [PMID: 25831006 PMCID: PMC4371685 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a transversal retrospective study with secondary data collection from 25
cases of sporotrichosis, treated at a teaching unit in inner São Paulo (Brazil),
between the years 2003-2013. We found that the prevalence was higher in men (72%),
rural workers (44%) and those living in rural areas (60%), with an average age of
42.48 years. The median between the onset of lesions and diagnosis was six weeks.
Lesions predominated in the upper limbs (92%), and were classified as lymphocutaneous
(80%) and fixed cutaneous (20%) forms. Clinical cure was observed in 62.5% of the
cases treated with potassium iodide and 100% of cases treated with itraconazole.
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Nenoff P, Reinel D, Krüger C, Grob H, Mugisha P, Süß A, Mayser P. Tropen- und Reise-assoziierte Dermatomykosen. Hautarzt 2015; 66:522-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-015-3635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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44
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Cotino Sánchez A, Torres-Alvarez B, Gurrola Morales T, Méndez Martínez S, Saucedo Gárate M, Castanedo-Cazares JP. Mycosis fungoides-like lesions in a patient with diffuse cutaneous sporotrichosis. Rev Iberoam Micol 2015; 32:200-3. [PMID: 25620646 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis acquired by traumatic inoculation or inhalation of fungal conidia. It is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix, which causes different clinical presentations, being the cutaneous and lymphocutaneous variants being the most frequent. The disseminated cutaneous form is a rare presentation occurring in a minority of cases in Mexico. CASE REPORT We report an atypical case of disseminated sporotrichosis in an alcoholic and iatrogenically immunosuppressed patient, whose clinical lesions resembled tumoral-stage mycosis fungoides. Histological examination and culture revealed the presence of Sporothrix schenckii. CONCLUSIONS The patient was treated with itraconazole 200mg per day for 4 months with clinical resolution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this type of clinical manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cotino Sánchez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General de Durango, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Bertha Torres-Alvarez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Teodoro Gurrola Morales
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General de Durango, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Silvia Méndez Martínez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General de Durango, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Saucedo Gárate
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General de Durango, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Castanedo-Cazares
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Central Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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de Almeida JRF, Kaihami GH, Jannuzzi GP, de Almeida SR. Therapeutic vaccine using a monoclonal antibody against a 70-kDa glycoprotein in mice infected with highly virulent Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. Med Mycol 2014; 53:42-50. [PMID: 25533623 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a chronic granulomatous mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungi that comprise the Sporothrix complex. The latter are widely distributed in nature, developing a saprophytic mycelial form on plant debris and soil. Formerly, the S. schenckii species was thought to be the only species capable of causing sporotrichosis. However, in recent years, the existence of a group of highly genotypically and phenotypically variable species has been reported as etiologic agents of this mycosis. Recently, it has become important to study aspects such as virulence and the immune response against key members of the Sporothrix complex and to observe the presence of glycoprotein (gp) 70 and efficacy of the P6E7 monoclonal antibody against more virulent strains. The data presented here demonstrate that the strain isolated from a case of feline sporotrichosis, that is, strain 5110 (American Type Culture Collection MYA-4823) is the most virulent and the only one able to secrete gp70. This glycoprotein is apparently an important factor in the virulence of Sporothrix spp. because treatment with MAb P6E7 resulted in the reduction of fungal burden in the analyzed organs. Additional studies of the role of gp70 in modulating the immune response of the host are needed to understand the pathology of sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Fogaça de Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Hideo Kaihami
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grasielle Pereira Jannuzzi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Rogerio de Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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The MAT1-1:MAT1-2 ratio of Sporothrix globosa isolates in Japan. Mycopathologia 2014; 179:81-6. [PMID: 25230800 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the reproductive biology of pathogenic species in the Sporothrix schenckii complex, we characterized the partial mating type (MAT1-1) loci of Sporothrix schenckii, as well as the S. globosa MAT1-1-1 gene, which encoded 262 amino acid sequences. The data confirmed that the MAT1-1 locus of S. globosa was divergent from the MAT1-2 locus of the opposite mating type, suggesting that the fungus is heterothallic. To determine the mating type ratio of 20 isolates from Japanese patients, we analyzed the MAT loci by specific PCR amplification of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes. The MAT1-1-1 was detected in 5 isolates but not in the other 15 isolates with the presence of MAT1-2-1. The MAT1-1:1-2 ratio of S. globosa isolates in Japan was estimated to be 1:3. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sequences of the MAT1-1-1 were identical among S. globosa isolates but different from S. schenckii and Ophiostoma montium.
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Genome Sequence of the Pathogenic Fungus Sporothrix schenckii (ATCC 58251). GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/3/e00446-14. [PMID: 24855299 PMCID: PMC4031338 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00446-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sporothrix schenckii is a pathogenic dimorphic fungus that grows as a yeast and as mycelia. This species is the causative agent of sporotrichosis, typically a skin infection. We report the genome sequence of S. schenckii, which will facilitate the study of this fungus and of the Sporothrix schenckii group.
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Fungal Infections. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-5448-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
Endemic mycoses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. As the number of immunosuppressed individuals increases worldwide, the incidence of endemic mycoses is also expected to rise. In immunocompromised patients, endemic mycoses can present in atypical fashion, cause more severe and/or disseminated disease, and result in higher mortality. Despite several noteworthy advances over the past decade, significant challenges remain with regard to the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of endemic mycoses in immunocompromised hosts. This review highlights important developments related to the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of commonly encountered endemic mycoses. We also discuss emerging topics, knowledge gaps, and areas of future research.
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