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Petrea Cliveți CL, Ciortea DA, Miulescu M, Candussi IL, Chirila SI, Verga Răuță GI, Bergheș SE, Râșcu MC, Berbece SI. A New Case of Paediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Onset after SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein-Barr Infection-A Case Report and Literature Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8642-8657. [PMID: 39194726 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections caused by exposure to viruses such as Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, or Parvovirus B19 have always been considered predisposing environmental factors for the onset of autoimmune diseases. More recently, autoimmune mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, T-cell activation, transient immunosuppression and inflammation have also been observed in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several newly diagnosed autoimmune disorders have been reported post-COVID-19, such as COVID-19-associated multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, or rheumatoid arthritis. In this article, we present a new case of paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with haematological (macrophage activation syndrome), renal (stage 2), cutaneous (urticarial vasculitis) and digestive involvement, onset three and a half months post-COVID-19. In the dynamics, de novo infection generated by Epstein-Barr exposure was associated. The diagnosis was confirmed based on EULAR/ACR 2019 criteria. The aim of the article is to present a possible correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein-Barr as extrinsic factors in triggering or activating paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Keywords: paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus; post-COVID-19; Epstein-Barr; SARS- CoV-2; case report; paediatric patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Loredana Petrea Cliveți
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University "Dunarea de Jos" of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children "Sf Ioan", 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Diana-Andreea Ciortea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University "Dunarea de Jos" of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children "Maria Sklodowska Curie", 041451 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Miulescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University "Dunarea de Jos" of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children "Sf Ioan", 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Iuliana-Laura Candussi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University "Dunarea de Jos" of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children "Sf Ioan", 800487 Galati, Romania
| | | | - Gabriela Isabela Verga Răuță
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University "Dunarea de Jos" of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children "Sf Ioan", 800487 Galati, Romania
| | | | - Mihai Ciprian Râșcu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University "Dunarea de Jos" of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Sorin Ion Berbece
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University "Dunarea de Jos" of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
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Kato Y, Morita T, Kumanogoh A. Efficacy and risk of mRNA vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:1. [PMID: 36609472 PMCID: PMC9816539 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which spread worldwide from Wuhan, China, in 2019, appeared for a time to be overcome by the remarkable efficacy of mRNA vaccines; however, new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have emerged and remain rampant. The involvement of the virus in the emergence of variant strains and the relationship between vaccine efficacy and immunosuppressive drugs have attracted significant attention, particularly with regard to patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD) who take immunosuppressive drugs. This review outlines the relationship between mRNA vaccines, one of the key strategies against COVID-19, and AIRD and discusses the immune response elicited by mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, the impact of immunosuppressive agents on the mRNA vaccine-induced immune response in patients with AIRD and side effects of the vaccine, such as exacerbation of the underlying disease, is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kato
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Morita
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development — Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED–CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Chan AR, Cohen Tervaert JW, Redmond D, Yacyshyn E, Ferrara G, Hwang PM, Osman M, Gniadecki R. A case series of dermatomyositis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1013378. [PMID: 36419787 PMCID: PMC9676274 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1013378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The most significant adverse events following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are myocarditis and pericarditis. Myositis and dermatomyositis have been reported following SARS-CoV-2 infection, but vaccine-induced dermatomyositis (DM) has not been reported. Our case series aimed to characterize new onset dermatomyositis or disease-related flares following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 53 patients from our institution with a new or pre-existing diagnosis of DM were recruited and consented. Phone interviews were conducted to obtain vaccination status and symptoms following vaccination. Electronic medical records were reviewed to extract age, sex, autoantibody profiles, comorbidities, immunomodulatory therapies, creatine kinase (CK) values, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination dates from the provincial vaccination registry. For patients who reported disease flares, records were reviewed for the onset and nature of symptoms, extent of organ involvement and changes in immunomodulation. RESULTS On average, patients received 2.62 vaccine doses (range 1-3 doses). A total of 3 of 51 patients (5.88%) experienced dermatomyositis symptoms following vaccination. Two patients were newly diagnosed with dermatomyositis, one requiring hospitalization. Reported symptom onset following vaccination ranged from 1 to 30 days. Of note, all of these patients had normal CK values, even though there was muscle biopsy-confirmed myositis in one patient. Eight patients in the cohort (15.1%) had asymptomatic CK elevation (<1.5 X ULN). CONCLUSION New onset dermatomyositis or flare up of pre-existing dermatomyositis may be a rare complication in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination although no studies can support a true correlation. Several pathophysiologic mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airiss R. Chan
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Desiree Redmond
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elaine Yacyshyn
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Giovanni Ferrara
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter M. Hwang
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohamed Osman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Durhan G, Düzgün SA, Baytar Y, Akpınar MG, Demirkazık FB, Arıyürek OM. Two in one: Overlapping CT findings of COVID-19 and underlying lung diseases. Clin Imaging 2022; 93:60-69. [PMID: 36395576 PMCID: PMC9651998 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with pneumonia and has various pulmonary manifestations on computed tomography (CT). Although COVID-19 pneumonia is usually seen as bilateral predominantly peripheral ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation, it can present with atypical radiological findings and resemble the imaging findings of other lung diseases. Diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia is much more challenging for both clinicians and radiologists in the presence of pre-existing lung disease. The imaging features of COVID-19 and underlying lung disease can overlap and obscure the findings of each other. Knowledge of the radiological findings of both diseases and possible complications, correct diagnosis, and multidisciplinary consensus play key roles in the appropriate management of diseases. In this pictorial review, the chest CT findings are presented of patients with underlying lung diseases and overlapping COVID-19 pneumonia and the various reasons for radiological lung abnormalities in these patients are discussed.
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Drenovska K, Shahid M, Mateeva V, Vassileva S. Case Report: Rowell Syndrome-Like Flare of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Following COVID-19 Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:815743. [PMID: 35237629 PMCID: PMC8882728 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.815743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had an important impact on dermatology practice, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges especially in patients with inflammatory and autoimmune skin disorders. Disease-specific and nonspecific cutaneous manifestations have been increasingly reported in the spectrum of COVID-19 but the influence of the infection on pre-existing dermatologic diseases has not been clearly defined. There has been a debate in the literature as to whether patients suffering from autoimmune dermatoses, including cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as if they experience worsening of their lupus erythematosus (LE)-related clinical symptoms. This article reports on a case of Rowell syndrome occurring after COVID-19 in a 67-year old woman with pre-existing chronic CLE manifesting with few discoid lesions on the face, scalp, and upper chest, successfully controlled with topical corticosteroids and photoprotection. Erythema multiforme (EM)-like eruption developed approximately two weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the latter being confirmed by positive nasopharyngeal swab and successfully treated with systemic antibiotics and antiaggregants. Diffuse hair loss and patches of cicatricial alopecia were also present upon scalp examination. Laboratory workup, including routine tests, histologic, immunofluorescent, and serologic investigations, was supportive to the diagnosis. Administration of topical and systemic corticosteroids along with peroral hydroxychloroquine resulted in the progressive improvement of the cutaneous lesions. Rowell syndrome is a rare entity in the spectrum of LE, characterized by EM-like lesions, photosensitivity, and positive antinuclear and anti-Ro antibodies, that is currently considered to be a variant of subacute CLE (SCLE). Several cases of SCLE have been described in association with medications, including anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines but only a few reports incriminate the infection itself as a potential exacerbating factor. Based on the clinical course of the disease, we suggest that the observed Rowell syndrome-like flare of CLE was related to the COVID-19 infection in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kossara Drenovska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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