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Saurya S, Sharma G, Saxena BS, Gupta PK. The Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in CNS Tuberculosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e62998. [PMID: 39050293 PMCID: PMC11266837 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a significant global health concern, with India being a hotspot for the disease burden. Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis, though comprising a smaller proportion of total TB cases, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in assessing the microstructural changes in white matter tracts associated with CNS tuberculosis. Materials and methods This study was conducted over two years at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh. We employed a cross-sectional observational design and included patients with definite or highly probable tuberculous meningitis, alongside healthy controls. Results Our findings revealed a significant reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) values in various white matter tracts of patients with CNS tuberculosis compared to healthy individuals. This reduction in FA correlated with the severity of tuberculous meningitis, particularly in the corpus callosum. Additionally, DTI highlighted distinct patterns of white matter involvement around intraparenchymal lesions, suggesting potential implications for clinical outcomes. The study emphasizes the utility of FA values in grading disease severity and prognosticating treatment outcomes in CNS tuberculosis. Conclusions Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the microstructural alterations in white matter tracts associated with CNS tuberculosis, highlighting the potential of DTI in early diagnosis, grading disease severity, and monitoring treatment response. We believe these findings will pave the way for further research to optimize the clinical management of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurya Saurya
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Brig Sudhir Saxena
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Puneet K Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
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Bodilsen J, D'Alessandris QG, Humphreys H, Iro MA, Klein M, Last K, Montesinos IL, Pagliano P, Sipahi OR, San-Juan R, Tattevin P, Thurnher M, de J Treviño-Rangel R, Brouwer MC. European society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess in children and adults. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:66-89. [PMID: 37648062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE These European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases guidelines are intended for clinicians involved in diagnosis and treatment of brain abscess in children and adults. METHODS Key questions were developed, and a systematic review was carried out of all studies published since 1 January 1996, using the search terms 'brain abscess' OR 'cerebral abscess' as Mesh terms or text in electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane registry. The search was updated on 29 September 2022. Exclusion criteria were a sample size <10 patients or publication in non-English language. Extracted data was summarized as narrative reviews and tables. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random effects model and heterogeneity was examined by I2 tests as well as funnel and Galbraith plots. Risk of bias was assessed using Risk Of Bias in Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) (observational studies) and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) (diagnostic studies). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was applied to classify strength of recommendations (strong or conditional) and quality of evidence (high, moderate, low, or very low). QUESTIONS ADDRESSED BY THE GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS Magnetic resonance imaging is recommended for diagnosis of brain abscess (strong and high). Antimicrobials may be withheld until aspiration or excision of brain abscess in patients without severe disease if neurosurgery can be carried out within reasonable time, preferably within 24 hours (conditional and low). Molecular-based diagnostics are recommended, if available, in patients with negative cultures (conditional and moderate). Aspiration or excision of brain abscess is recommended whenever feasible, except for cases with toxoplasmosis (strong and low). Recommended empirical antimicrobial treatment for community-acquired brain abscess in immuno-competent individuals is a 3rd-generation cephalosporin and metronidazole (strong and moderate) with the addition of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and voriconazole in patients with severe immuno-compromise (conditional and low). Recommended empirical treatment of post-neurosurgical brain abscess is a carbapenem combined with vancomycin or linezolid (conditional and low). The recommended duration of antimicrobial treatment is 6-8 weeks (conditional and low). No recommendation is offered for early transition to oral antimicrobials because of a lack of data, and oral consolidation treatment after ≥6 weeks of intravenous antimicrobials is not routinely recommended (conditional and very low). Adjunctive glucocorticoid treatment is recommended for treatment of severe symptoms because of perifocal oedema or impending herniation (strong and low). Primary prophylaxis with antiepileptics is not recommended (conditional and very low). Research needs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bodilsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Infections of the Brain (ESGIB), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Hilary Humphreys
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mildred A Iro
- Department of Paediatric Infectious diseases and Immunology, The Royal London Children's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthias Klein
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Infections of the Brain (ESGIB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Emergency Department, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Last
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Infections of the Brain (ESGIB), Basel, Switzerland; Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Inmaculada López Montesinos
- Infectious Disease Service, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC ISCIII, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Infections of the Brain (ESGIB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy; UOC Clinica Infettivologica AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Oğuz Reşat Sipahi
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Infections of the Brain (ESGIB), Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Infectious Diseases Department, Bahrain Oncology Center, King Hamad University Hospital, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Rafael San-Juan
- CIBERINFEC ISCIII, CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Infectious Diseases, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Tattevin
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Infections of the Brain (ESGIB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Majda Thurnher
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rogelio de J Treviño-Rangel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG), Basel, Switzerland; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Antimicrobial Stewardship (ESGAP), Basel, Switzerland; European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Genomic and Molecular Diagnostics (ESGMD), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Study Group for Infections of the Brain (ESGIB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Solar P, Valekova H, Marcon P, Mikulka J, Barak M, Hendrych M, Stransky M, Siruckova K, Kostial M, Holikova K, Brychta J, Jancalek R. Classification of brain lesions using a machine learning approach with cross-sectional ADC value dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11459. [PMID: 37454179 PMCID: PMC10349862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and its numerical expression via apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are commonly utilized in non-invasive assessment of various brain pathologies. Although numerous studies have confirmed that ADC values could be pathognomic for various ring-enhancing lesions (RELs), their true potential is yet to be exploited in full. The article was designed to introduce an image analysis method allowing REL recognition independently of either absolute ADC values or specifically defined regions of interest within the evaluated image. For this purpose, the line of interest (LOI) was marked on each ADC map to cross all of the RELs' compartments. Using a machine learning approach, we analyzed the LOI between two representatives of the RELs, namely, brain abscess and glioblastoma (GBM). The diagnostic ability of the selected parameters as predictors for the machine learning algorithms was assessed using two models, the k-NN model and the SVM model with a Gaussian kernel. With the k-NN machine learning method, 80% of the abscesses and 100% of the GBM were classified correctly at high accuracy. Similar results were obtained via the SVM method. The proposed assessment of the LOI offers a new approach for evaluating ADC maps obtained from different RELs and contributing to the standardization of the ADC map assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solar
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Valekova
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marcon
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka, 12, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mikulka
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka, 12, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Barak
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hendrych
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matyas Stransky
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka, 12, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Siruckova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka, 12, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kostial
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka, 12, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Holikova
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jindrich Brychta
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kothari AR, Katkade SM, Kaparthi S, Sancheti PK. Chronic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Abscess Mimicking Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor-"Phantom Tumor": A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2023; 13:01709767-202306000-00032. [PMID: 37205782 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.22.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CASE A 33-year-old woman with back pain and radiculopathy had presented with bilateral ankle weakness. MRI showed an intramedullary conus lesion suggestive of neoplasm, but posterior midline durotomy revealed only pus. Pus samples showed Staphylococcus aureus, which was treated with 6 weeks of antibiotics. Two-year follow-up showed complete neurological recovery with no clinicoradiological signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION Usually, intramedullary spinal cord abscess (ISCA) has an acute presentation and warrants an emergent line of treatment with a risk of mortality. Very rarely chronic ISCA can mimic intramedullary spinal cord tumor. It is the first case reported in the literature of chronic ISCA mimicking conus IMST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Ramesh Kothari
- Department of Spine, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Ratcliffe C, Adan G, Marson A, Solomon T, Saini J, Sinha S, Keller SS. Neurocysticercosis-related Seizures: Imaging Biomarkers. Seizure 2023; 108:13-23. [PMID: 37060627 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC)-a parasitic CNS infection endemic to developing nations-has been called the leading global cause of acquired epilepsy yet remains understudied. It is currently unknown why a large proportion of patients develop recurrent seizures, often following the presentation of acute seizures. Furthermore, the presentation of NCC is heterogenous and the features that predispose to the development of an epileptogenic state remain uncertain. Perilesional factors (such as oedema and gliosis) have been implicated in NCC-related ictogenesis, but the effects of cystic factors, including lesion load and location, seem not to play a role in the development of habitual epilepsy. In addition, the cytotoxic consequences of the cyst's degenerative stages are varied and the majority of research, relying on retrospective data, lacks the necessary specificity to distinguish between acute symptomatic and unprovoked seizures. Previous research has established that epileptogenesis can be the consequence of abnormal network connectivity, and some imaging studies have suggested that a causative link may exist between NCC and aberrant network organisation. In wider epilepsy research, network approaches have been widely adopted; studies benefiting predominantly from the rich, multimodal data provided by advanced MRI methods are at the forefront of the field. Quantitative MRI approaches have the potential to elucidate the lesser-understood epileptogenic mechanisms of NCC. This review will summarise the current understanding of the relationship between NCC and epilepsy, with a focus on MRI methodologies. In addition, network neuroscience approaches with putative value will be highlighted, drawing from current imaging trends in epilepsy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Ratcliffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Guleed Adan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anthony Marson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Solomon
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuro Imaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjib Sinha
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Simon S Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Beniamin M, Elhefnawy S, Abdelsamad A, Hassan H. Role of MRI modalities in assessment of cystic brain Lesions: a prospective study. УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ РАДІОЛОГІЧНИЙ ТА ОНКОЛОГІЧНИЙ ЖУРНАЛ 2022. [DOI: 10.46879/ukroj.4.2022.9-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background. Intracranial cystic lesions are unnatural cavities in which the continuity of the brain parenchyma is disrupted because of different pathologies such as infections and tumors containing proteinaceous fluid and/or cellular/necrotic materials.
Purpose – to investigate the value of some MRI modalities, mostly DWI and MR spectroscopy, in differentiation of the common intracranial intra-axial cystic brain lesions to help these patients benefit from the best medical management and treatment.
Materials and Methods. This is a prospective study, conducted from April 2019 till April 2021. It involved forty adult patients of both sexes with a cystic/necrotic intra-axial brain lesion with variable perifocal edema and rim enhancement on post-contrast study at MRI unit, radiology department, Ain Shams University (ASU) Hospital. All examinations were carried out after signing of the informed consent by the patients themselves or their guardian if the patient was incapacitated by any means.
Results. The ADC values in the center of lesions were not uniform. We found the lowest ADC value in the center of the lesion at the abscess 0.4x10–3 mm2 /s, and the highest ADC value 3.2x10–3 mm2 /s was in cystic neoplastic lesion. There was a significant difference in the ADC values in the center of neoplastic necrotic lesions; mean ADC value was (1.95±1.08) x10–3 mm2 /s and (1.15±0.65) x10–3 mm2 /s in abscess lesions, with a cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy value of: 1.55%, 92.9%, 91.7%, 96.3%, 84.6% and 92.5% respectively. MRS was performed in 40 cases, and the Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA and NAA/Cr mean ratios were calculated. These ratios were compared between the different categories. Statistically significant differences were found in the Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA ratios between both groups (p values<0.001**), while no statistically significant difference was found in the NAA/Cr ratio.
Conclusion. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are useful as additional diagnostic modalities for differentiating brain abscesses from cystic or necrotic brain tumors. Furthermore, the following MR techniques may be helpful for discriminating brain abscess from cystic or necrotic tumors: diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion weighted imaging as well as positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT). This will help to improve the accuracy of MR in differentiating brain abscess from cystic or necrotic tumors.
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Jabbar R, Szmyd B, Jankowski J, Lusa W, Pawełczyk A, Wysiadecki G, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J, Radek M. Intramedullary Spinal Cord Abscess with Concomitant Spinal Degenerative Diseases: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175148. [PMID: 36079075 PMCID: PMC9457049 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramedullary spinal cord abscess (ISCA) is a rare clinical pathology of the central nervous system that usually accompanies other underlying comorbidities. Traditionally it has been associated with significant mortality and neurological morbidities because it is often difficult to diagnose promptly, owing to its nonspecific clinical and neuroimaging features. The mortality rate and the outcome of these infections have been improved by the introduction into clinical practice of antibiotics, advanced neuroimaging modalities, and immediate surgery. We report the case of a 65-year-old male patient who presented with a progressive spastic gait and lumbar pain, predominantly in the left leg. An MRI image revealed an expansile intramedullary cystic mass in the thoracic spinal cord, which was initially diagnosed as a spinal tumor. He underwent laminectomy and myelotomy, and eventually the pus was drained from the abscess. The follow-up MRI showed improvement, but the patient’s paraplegia persisted. In light of his persistent hypoesthesia and paraplegic gait with developing neuropathic pain, he was readmitted, and an MRI of his lumbar spine revealed multilevel degenerative disease and tethered spinal cord syndrome with compression of the medulla at the L2–L3 level. The patient underwent central flavectomy with bilateral foraminotomy at the L2–L3 level, and the medulla was decompressed. Postoperatively, his neurological symptoms were significantly improved, and he was discharged from hospital on the third day after admission. In support of our case, we systematically reviewed the recent literature and analyzed cases published between 1949 and May 2022, including clinical features, mechanisms of infection, predisposing factors, radiological investigations, microbial etiologies, therapies and their duration, follow-ups, and outcomes. Initial clinical presentation can be misleading, and the diagnosis can be challenging, because this condition is rare and coexists with other spinal diseases. Hence, a high index of suspicion for making an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention is required to preclude mortality and unfavorable outcomes. Our case is a clear example thereof. Long-term follow-up is also essential to monitor for abscess recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redwan Jabbar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerves Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Szmyd
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerves Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerves Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Lusa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerves Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerves Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wysiadecki
- Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Chair of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - R. Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University, Grenada FZ 818, West Indies
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Joe Iwanaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Maciej Radek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Spine and Peripheral Nerves Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Carloni A, Bernardini M, Mattei C, De Magistris AV, Llabres-Diaz F, Williams J, Gutierrez-Quintana R, Oevermann A, Schweizer-Gorgas D, Finck C, Masseau I, Lorenzo V, Sabatini A, Contiero B, Specchi S. Can MRI differentiate between ring-enhancing gliomas and intra-axial abscesses? Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:563-572. [PMID: 35509117 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas of the brain may appear as expansile ring-enhancing masses in MRI studies, mimicking the appearance of intra-axial abscesses. The aims of this study were to compare the MRI features of ring-enhancing gliomas and intra-axial brain abscesses in dogs and cats and to identify the characteristics that might help differentiate them. For this multicenter, retrospective, and observational study, the inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) a definitive diagnosis of glioma or abscess based on cytological or histopathological examination following CSF collection or surgical biopsy/necropsy, respectively; (b) MRI study performed with a high- or low-field MRI scanner, including a same plane T1W pre- and postcontrast, a T2W and a T2 FLAIR sequence in at least one plane. If available, delayed T1W postcontrast, T2*W GE, DWI/ADC, and SWI sequences were also evaluated. Sixteen patients were diagnosed with ring-enhancing gliomas, and 15 were diagnosed with intra-axial abscesses. A homogenous signal on T1W (P = 0.049) and T2W (P = 0.042) sequences, a T2W (P = 0.005) or T2*W GE (P = 0.046) peripheral hypointense halo, and an even enhancing capsule (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with brain abscesses. A progressive central enhancement on delayed T1W postcontrast sequences was correlated with ring-enhancing gliomas (P = 0.009). The combination of the following features was suggestive of brain abscess: homogeneous T1W or T2W signal intensity, a T2W or T2*W GE peripheral hypointense halo and an evenly enhancing capsule. Central progression of enhancement on delayed T1W postcontrast sequences was suggestive of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carloni
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardini
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Clinical Section, University of Padua, Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Mattei
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Vittoria De Magistris
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Williams
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Cyrielle Finck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Masseau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Clinical Section, University of Padua, Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Swan Specchi
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Veterinary Hospital "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Bologna, Italy
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Hu WZ, Guo F, Xu YQ, Xi YB, He B, Yin H, Kang XW. Differentiation of Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Intracranial Enhancement Lesions Using Three-Dimensional Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:812997. [PMID: 35299623 PMCID: PMC8923048 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.812997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose It is sometimes difficult to effectively distinguish non-neoplastic from neoplastic intracranial enhancement lesions using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) to differentiate non-neoplastic from neoplastic enhancement lesions intracranially. Materials and Methods This prospective study included thirty-five patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG), twelve patients with brain metastasis, and fifteen non-neoplastic patients who underwent conventional, contrast enhancement and 3D-pCASL imaging at 3.0-T MR; all lesions were significantly enhanced. Quantitative parameters including cerebral blood flow (CBF) and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were compared between neoplastic and non-neoplastic using Student’s t-test. In addition, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was measured to assess the differentiation diagnostic performance of each parameter. Results The non-neoplastic group demonstrated significantly lower rCBF values of lesions and perilesional edema compared with the neoplastic group. For the ROC analysis, both relative cerebral blood flow of lesion (rCBF-L) and relative cerebral blood flow of perilesional edema (rCBF-PE) had good diagnostic performance for discriminating non-neoplastic from neoplastic lesions, with an AUC of 0.994 and 0.846, respectively. Conclusion 3D-pCASL may contribute to differentiation of non-neoplastic from neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-zhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an People’s Hospital, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yong-qiang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi-bin Xi
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an People’s Hospital, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Bei He
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an People’s Hospital, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an People’s Hospital, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Yin,
| | - Xiao-wei Kang
- Department of Radiology, Xi’an People’s Hospital, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Yin,
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10
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Scherf G, Sutherland-Smith J, Uriarte A. Dogs and cats with presumed or confirmed intracranial abscessation have low apparent diffusion coefficient values. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:197-200. [PMID: 35050530 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial abscessation is a life-threatening condition in dogs and cats, and rapid diagnosis is important for prognosis and treatment planning. The aims of this retrospective, single-center, case series study were to describe clinical and MRI diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics in three dogs and three cats with presumed or confirmed intracranial abscessation. All lesions appeared hyperintense on b1000 trace diffusion-weighted images, hypointense on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, with mean ADC values ranging from 0.37 to 1.24 × 10-3 mm2 /s. The majority (5/6) of the obtained mean ADC values were low (<1.10 × 10-3 mm2 /s), as previously reported in the human literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Scherf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Sutherland-Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ane Uriarte
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Zeng T, Xu Z, Yan J. The value of asphericity derived from T1-weighted MR in differentiating intraparenchymal ring-enhancing lesions-comparison of glioblastomas and brain abscesses. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:5171-5175. [PMID: 33796946 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both brain abscess(BA)and glioblastoma (GBM) are common causative pathologies of intraparenchymal ring-enhancing lesions. Advanced MR sequences such as diffusion weighted image (DWI) were often used to increase distinguishability of both entities. PURPOSE To evaluate the value of asphericity (ASP) from conventional T1-weighted MR images in differentiating BA from morphologically similar ring-enhancing GBM. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one BA and twenty-nine GBM were retrospectively included in this study. Each region of interest (ROI) was delineated twice with the software of ITK-SNAP on the contrast-enhanced T1 images by two observers. ASP was calculated to define the relative deviation of the ROI's shape from a sphere. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for inter-observer and intra-observer were calculated. The diagnostic capabilities of ASP and conventional volume (VOL) of ROI were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In addition, areas under the ROC curves of ASP and VOL were compared. RESULTS ICC of intra-observer and inter-observer were 0.99 (95% confidence interval, [CI] 0.97-0.99) and 0.98 (0.95-0.99), respectively. Both ASP and VOL showed significant difference between BA and GBM. The mean ASP values for BA and GBM were 66.3±7.8 and 14.7±1.8, respectively. The mean VOL value of BA was also larger than that of GBM (47.2±7.4 vs. 20.7±1.5 mm3). The mean AUC of ASP and VOL were 0.977 (95% CI 0.944-1) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.746-0.974), respectively. The AUC of ASP was significantly higher than that of VOL (p=0.04). The optimal cut point values of ASP and VOL were 24.39 and 24.86 mm3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ASP derived from routine MRI is useful in differentiating BA from GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zijun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China. .,Molecular Imaging Precision Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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12
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Neurocysticercosis Diagnosed by Taenia solium PCR on Brain Biopsy. Case Rep Infect Dis 2020; 2020:8887647. [PMID: 33294239 PMCID: PMC7700053 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8887647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is a common cause for brain lesions and adult-onset epilepsy in endemic countries. However, diagnosis is challenging in the absence of typical radiologic or histopathologic features. In this case report, we present a case of a 35-year-old male with a new-onset seizure and a rim-enhancing temporal lobe lesion. Radiologic features were nonspecific, and brain biopsy was performed. Histologic features showed only nonspecific granulomatous inflammation, and the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was confirmed only with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on brain biopsy tissue demonstrating PCR products consistent with Taenia solium. This case highlights the diagnostic role of PCR in such clinical situations whereby the diagnosis is unclear after initial routine evaluation.
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Liu C, Xu W, Liu P, Wei Y. A Mistaken Diagnosis of Secondary Glioblastoma as Parasitosis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:952. [PMID: 31555204 PMCID: PMC6742723 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis requiring early diagnosis. Secondary glioblastoma refers to cases that progressed from low-grade glioma. Evidence shows that timely resection correlates with increased survival. Case presentation: We describe a case of a patient with secondary glioblastoma who was mistakenly diagnosed with Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection until 7 years after disease onset. The patient presented with non-specific clinical manifestations at disease onset. A conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the primary survey provided insufficient information, and thus failed to identify the malignancy. During follow-up, unfortunately, clinicians were misled by the patient's raw food diet, a positive serum parasite antibody and a result of low glucose metabolism on Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET-CT). The patient was diagnosed with parasitosis. However, his condition kept getting worse under antiparasitic treatment. Preoperative magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) failed to reverse the mistaken impression. Final diagnosis was confirmed until intraoperative and postoperative pathological findings indicated glioblastoma. Conclusion: We ascribe the incorrect diagnosis to insufficient understanding on imaging manifestations of brain neoplasm as well as clinical features of parasitosis. Thus, we review the MRI, FDG-PET-CT, MRS, and DTI data of this case according to the timeline, refer to relevant studies, and point out the pitfalls. With a long course of slowly progressing, this was a rare case of secondary glioblastoma with the absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yukui Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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[Intracranial cystic lesions]. Radiologe 2019; 58:120-131. [PMID: 29143062 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-017-0322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL PROBLEM Intracerebral cysts are common findings in imaging of the neurocranium and are not always clinically significant. The pathological spectrum of intracerebral cysts is, however, very broad and in addition to incidental findings includes developmental disorders, malformation tumors, primary and secondary neoplasms and infectious etiologies, such as cerebral abscess formation, cysticercosis or residuals after congenital cytomegalovirus infections. Intracerebral cystic defects may be caused by inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as multiple sclerosis as well as by mitochondriopathies, leukodystrophy, electrolyte disturbances or osmotic demyelination syndrome or brain infarctions, e.g. after lacunar infarctions or as encephalomalacic changes after severe traumatic brain injury. RADIOLOGICAL STANDARD PROCEDURES In addition to the radiological findings of cysts in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or in computed tomography (CT), the localization, patient age, patient medical history and laboratory diagnostics are helpful for the differential diagnostics. METHODICAL INNOVATION In addition to the morphological assessment, advanced MRI techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging for epidermoids or the use of MR spectroscopy, can provide valuable information for the differential diagnosis. PERFORMANCE/ASSESSMENT Intracranial cysts can be subdivided into intraventricular and periventricular cysts, intra-axial cysts and cysts in the external fluid-filled spaces. Associated tumor nodules and the contrast medium behavior of the cyst walls and/or associated soft tissue components as well as the reaction of the adjacent parenchyma are helpful for the diagnosis and assessment.
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15
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Mameli C, Genoni T, Madia C, Doneda C, Penagini F, Zuccotti G. Brain abscess in pediatric age: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1117-1128. [PMID: 31062139 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the paper is to examine the current state of the art about epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this infection. METHODS A review of the literature was performed through a PubMed search of original articles, case reports, and reviews using the key words "brain abscess," "cerebral abscess," "brain infection," "intracranial suppuration," "otogenic brain abscess," "otitis complications," and "sinusitis complications." RESULTS Pediatric brain abscess is a rare but serious infection, often involving patients with specific risk factors and burdened by a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Brain abscess incidence and mortality decreased over the years, thanks to improved antibiotic therapy, new neurosurgical techniques, and the wide spread of vaccinations. There are no guidelines for the adequate diagnostic-therapeutic pathway in the management of brain abscesses; therefore, conflicting data emerge from the literature. In the future, multicentric prospective studies should be performed in order to obtain stronger evidences about brain abscesses management. Over the next few years, changes in epidemiology could be observed because of risk factors changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Teresa Genoni
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Madia
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Doneda
- Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit, Children Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Penagini
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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16
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Takayasu T, Yamasaki F, Shishido T, Takano M, Maruyama H, Sugiyama K, Kurisu K. Abscess Formation in Metastatic Brain Tumor with History of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor: A Case Report. NMC Case Rep J 2019; 6:11-15. [PMID: 30701149 PMCID: PMC6350031 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2018-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 68-year-old man with brain metastasis from lung cancer and a history of immune checkpoint inhibitor administration, with overlapping abscess within the metastatic lesion. He initially received antibiotic treatment under a diagnosis of brain abscess because of a hyper-intense area on diffusion-weighted imaging inside the gadolinium-enhanced wall. The size of the enhanced lesion did not change much, but the extent of perifocal edema decreased after antibiotic treatment. After 2–4 months, the lesion gradually enlarged, and imaging characteristics changed from single cyst to multiple cysts. Surgical resection was performed and pathological examination revealed the lesion as metastasis from the lung tumor. Smear preparation of the tumor contents detected Gram-positive bacilli, confirming the dual pathology of metastasis and brain abscess. Discussing the pathogenesis, we speculated that therapy with durvalumab (MEDI4736), an anti-PD-L1 antibody, induced immune status modification including immunosuppressive regulation, which might have promoted abscess formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Takayasu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Yamasaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeo Shishido
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Motoki Takano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology & Neuro-oncology Program, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kurisu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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17
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Chen M, Low DCY, Low SYY, Muzumdar D, Seow WT. Management of brain abscesses: where are we now? Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:1871-1880. [PMID: 29968000 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain abscesses affect all age groups and are not peculiar to a particular country, race, or geographical location. It is a disease that, in the past, carried a high morbidity and mortality. With improvements in medical technology and expertise, outcomes have improved tremendously. The causative organisms vary vastly and have evolved with time. Treatment of brain abscesses is primarily with antimicrobial therapy but surgery plays a vital role in achieving better outcomes. CONTENT In this article, we review the literature to find out how the epidemiology of this disease has changed through the years and re-visit the basic pathological process of abscess evolution and highlight the new research in the biochemical pathways that initiate and regulate this process. We also highlight how magnetic resonance imaging and its various modalities have improved diagnostic accuracy. Finally, we discuss the pros and cons of traditional open surgery versus newer minimally invasive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Y Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Neurosurgical Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Singhealth Duke-NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon Y Y Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Neurosurgical Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Singhealth Duke-NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dattatraya Muzumdar
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Edward VII Memorial hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Wan Tew Seow
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore. .,Neurosurgical Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singhealth Duke-NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Differentiation of brain infection from necrotic glioblastoma using combined analysis of diffusion and perfusion MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:184-194. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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20
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Horvath-Rizea D, Surov A, Hoffmann KT, Garnov N, Vörkel C, Kohlhof-Meinecke P, Ganslandt O, Bäzner H, Gihr GA, Kalman M, Henkes E, Henkes H, Schob S. The value of whole lesion ADC histogram profiling to differentiate between morphologically indistinguishable ring enhancing lesions-comparison of glioblastomas and brain abscesses. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18148-18159. [PMID: 29719596 PMCID: PMC5915063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morphologically similar appearing ring enhancing lesions in the brain parenchyma can be caused by a number of distinct pathologies, however, they consistently represent life-threatening conditions. The two most frequently encountered diseases manifesting as such are glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain abscess (BA), each requiring disparate therapeutical approaches. As a result of their morphological resemblance, essential treatment might be significantly delayed or even ommited, in case results of conventional imaging remain inconclusive. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate, whether ADC histogram profiling reliably can distinguish between both entities, thus enhancing the differential diagnostic process and preventing treatment failure in this highly critical context. Methods 103 patients (51 BA, 52 GBM) with histopathologically confirmed diagnosis were enrolled. Pretreatment diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) was obtained in a 1.5T system using b values of 0, 500, and 1000 s/mm2. Whole lesion ADC volumes were analyzed using a histogram-based approach. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Results All investigated parameters were statistically different in comparison of both groups. Most importantly, ADCp10 was able to differentiate reliably between BA and GBM with excellent accuracy (0.948) using a cutpoint value of 70 × 10−5 mm2 × s−1. Conclusions ADC whole lesion histogram profiling provides a valuable tool to differentiate between morphologically indistinguishable mass lesions. Among the investigated parameters, the 10th percentile of the ADC volume distinguished best between GBM and BA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey Surov
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl-Titus Hoffmann
- Department for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Cathrin Vörkel
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Ganslandt
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Bäzner
- Clinic for Neurology, Katherinenhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Marcell Kalman
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elina Henkes
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Henkes
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Schob
- Department for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Chellathurai A, Muthaiyan P, Gnanasigamani S, Alakappan P. Diffusion tensor imaging metrics in cystic intracranial mass lesions. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2018; 27:457-462. [PMID: 29379242 PMCID: PMC5761174 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.ijri_130_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Conventional MR does not always differentiate various cystic lesions of brain. Our purpose was to explore the utility of DTI in characterization & differentiation of intra cranial cystic mass lesions. Materials and Methods: DTI was done with a clinical 1.5 Tesla system in 62 patients presenting with intra cranial cystic lesions. Parameter maps of the DTI metrics MD, FA, GA, RA, Geometric tensors (CL,CP,CS) were calculated & quantified using regions of interest. Cystic lesions were grouped based on etiology and management. Statistical analysis was performed to test the significance of difference in DTI metrics in differentiation of various groups of cystic lesions of brain. Results: Mann-Whitney U Test was done to analyse the usefulness of various DTI metrics in differentiating the intracranial cysts. Epidermoid cysts showed highest FA, RA, Cl & Cp due to the preferential diffusion of water through the well structured orientation of keratin filaments & flakes within it. Neurocysticercosis showed higher FA, next to epidermoid. Abscesses showed lowest MD. Arachanoid cyst, giant cistern magna, choroid fissure cyst, choroid plexus cyst, ependymal & neuroglial cysts showed higher MD & lower FA, implicating no preferential directional diffusivity. Conclusion: DTI does prove useful in characterization and differentiation of intracranial cystic mass lesions. This study implicates the need for inclusion of DTI in the routine protocol of imaging cystic intracranial mass lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Chellathurai
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priya Muthaiyan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathyan Gnanasigamani
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periakarupan Alakappan
- Consultant Radiologist, Scansworld Research and Education Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dmytriw AA, Sawlani V, Shankar J. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Brain: Beyond Stroke. Can Assoc Radiol J 2017; 68:131-146. [PMID: 28131336 DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging provides image contrast that is different from that provided by conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques. It is highly sensitive for detection of cytotoxic oedema, and as such has gained favor in the detection of acute infarcts. However, diffusion-weighted imaging is underrepresented in the characterisation of many other disease processes. Our objective is to differentiate diseases that manifest with various neurological disorders, based on diffusion contrast and apparent diffusion coefficient values and review of hyper- and hypointense lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Dmytriw
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Sawlani
- University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jai Shankar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, QE II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Ignjatović J, Stojanov D, Radovanović Z, Ignjatović N, Benedeto-Stojanov D, Đorđević M, Aracki-Trenkić A, Stokanović V, Milojković B, Lazović L. DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED IMAGING AND APPARENT DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT IN PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENTS OF BRAIN ABSCESSES. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2016. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2016.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Analysis of fractional anisotropy facilitates differentiation of glioblastoma and brain metastases in a clinical setting. Eur J Radiol 2016; 85:2182-2187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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Bette S, Gempt J, Huber T, Delbridge C, Meyer B, Zimmer C, Kirschke JS, Boeckh-Behrens T. FLAIR signal increase of the fluid within the resection cavity after glioma surgery: generally valid as early recurrence marker? J Neurosurg 2016; 127:417-425. [PMID: 27767397 DOI: 10.3171/2016.8.jns16752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have indicated that a signal intensity increase of the fluid within the resection cavity on FLAIR images may predict tumor recurrence after glioma surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the increase in FLAIR signal intensity in a large patient cohort and in subgroups to assess its prognostic value for early tumor recurrence in glioma patients. METHODS A total of 212 patients (213 cases) who had undergone surgery for an intracranial glioma (WHO Grade IV [n = 103], WHO Grade III [n = 57], and WHO Grade II [n = 53]) were included in this retrospective study. FLAIR signal within the resection cavity at the time of tumor recurrence/last contact and on the previous MRI study was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Appearance of FLAIR signal increase was studied over time using Kaplan-Meier estimates in subgroups. RESULTS Patients with WHO Grade II glioma and connection of the resection cavity to CSF who did not undergo radiotherapy did not regularly develop this sign and were excluded from further analysis. For the remaining 87 cases, FLAIR signal intensity increase was observed in 27 cases. Recurrent disease was found in 26 of these 27 cases, resulting in a specificity of 80.0%, a sensitivity of 31.7%, and positive and negative predictive values of 96.3% and 6.7%, respectively. In 4 cases this sign had been observed prior (range 2.8-8.5 months) to tumor recurrence defined by standard criteria. Quantitative analysis underlined the results of qualitative analysis, but it did not add a diagnostic value. CONCLUSIONS Signal intensity increase of the fluid within the resection cavity on FLAIR images is a rare but highly specific and early sign for tumor recurrence/tumor progression in completely and incompletely resected high-grade glioma without connection of the resection cavity to CSF and with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claire Delbridge
- Neuropathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
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Salice S, Esposito R, Ciavardelli D, delli Pizzi S, di Bastiano R, Tartaro A. Combined 3 Tesla MRI Biomarkers Improve the Differentiation between Benign vs Malignant Single Ring Enhancing Brain Masses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159047. [PMID: 27410226 PMCID: PMC4943588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether the combination of imaging biomarkers obtained by means of different 3 Tesla (3T) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) advanced techniques can improve the diagnostic accuracy in the differentiation between benign and malignant single ring-enhancing brain masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14 patients presenting at conventional 3T MRI single brain mass with similar appearance as regard ring enhancement, presence of peri-lesional edema and absence of hemorrhage signs were included in the study. All lesions were histologically proven: 5 pyogenic abscesses, 6 glioblastomas, and 3 metastases. MRI was performed at 3 Tesla and included Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast -Perfusion Weighted Imaging (DSC-PWI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Imaging biomarkers derived by those advanced techniques [Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF), relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV), relative Main Transit Time (rMTT), Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cr), Succinate, N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA), Lactate (Lac), Lipids, relative Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (rADC), and Fractional Anisotropy (FA)] were detected by two experienced neuroradiologists in joint session in 4 areas: Internal Cavity (IC), Ring Enhancement (RE), Peri-Lesional edema (PL), and Contralateral Normal Appearing White Matter (CNAWM). Significant differences between benign (n = 5) and malignant (n = 9) ring enhancing lesions were tested with Mann-Withney U test. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI biomarkers taken alone and MRI biomarkers ratios were tested with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) ≥ 0.9 indicating a very good diagnostic accuracy of the variable. RESULTS Five MRI biomarker ratios achieved excellent accuracy: IC-rADC/PL-NAA (AUC = 1), IC-rADC/IC-FA (AUC = 0.978), RE-rCBV/RE-FA (AUC = 0.933), IC-rADC/RE-FA (AUC = 0.911), and IC-rADC/PL-FA (AUC = 0.911). Only IC-rADC achieved a very good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.909) among MRI biomarkers taken alone. CONCLUSION Although the major limitation of the study was the small sample size, preliminary results seem to suggest that combination of multiple 3T MRI biomarkers is a feasible approach to MRI biomarkers in order to improve diagnostic accuracy in the differentiation between benign and malignant single ring enhancing brain masses. Further studies in larger cohorts are needed to reach definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Salice
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Esposito
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- AO Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciavardelli
- School of Human and Social Science, “Kore” University of Enna, Enna, Italy
- Molecular Neurology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-MeT), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano delli Pizzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella di Bastiano
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Armando Tartaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Noguchi T, Yakushiji Y, Nishihara M, Togao O, Yamashita K, Kikuchi K, Matsuo M, Azama S, Irie H. Arterial Spin-labeling in Central Nervous System Infection. Magn Reson Med Sci 2016; 15:386-394. [PMID: 27001393 PMCID: PMC5608113 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2015-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of arterial spin-labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) in central nervous system (CNS) infection. Methods: Thirty-two patients with CNS infections underwent a pulsed ASL-MRI. The findings on ASL-MRI were retrospectively assessed for the pathogens as well as each of the following four pathology classified based on conventional MRI findings: non-purulent parenchymal involvement, meningeal involvement, abscess formation, and ventricular involvement. Results: Among the 17 patients with non-purulent parenchymal involvement, ASL-MRI revealed high perfusion in 8 patients (47%) and low perfusion 1 patient (6%). Especially, four of five patients (80%) with definite or suspected herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection showed high perfusion on ASL-MRI. Seventeen of 22 patients (77%) with meningeal involvement showed high perfusion along the cerebral sulci irrespective of the pathogens. Meanwhile, 4 of 16 lesions (25%) with abscess formation showed low perfusion and one of six patients (17%) with ventricular involvement had high perfusion. Conclusions: The characteristics of ASL-MRI in CNS infections were clearly delineated. ASL-MRI could be helpful for monitoring the brain function in CNS infections noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
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Fu JH, Chuang TC, Chung HW, Chang HC, Lin HS, Hsu SS, Wang PC, Hsu SH, Pan HB, Lai PH. Discriminating pyogenic brain abscesses, necrotic glioblastomas, and necrotic metastatic brain tumors by means of susceptibility-weighted imaging. Eur Radiol 2014; 25:1413-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Differentiation of brain abscesses from glioblastomas and metastatic brain tumors: comparisons of diagnostic performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging before and after mathematic contrast leakage correction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109172. [PMID: 25330386 PMCID: PMC4201450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI before and after mathematic contrast leakage correction in differentiating pyogenic brain abscesses from glioblastomas and/or metastatic brain tumors. Materials and Methods Cerebral blood volume (CBV), leakage-corrected CBV and leakage coefficient K2 were measured in enhancing rims, perifocal edema and contralateral normal appearing white matter (NAWM) of 17 abscesses, 19 glioblastomas and 20 metastases, respectively. The CBV and corrected CBV were normalized by dividing the values in the enhancing rims or edema to those of contralateral NAWM. For each study group, a paired t test was used to compare the K2 of the enhancing rims or edema with those of NAWM, as well as between CBV and corrected CBV of the enhancing rims or edema. ANOVA was used to compare CBV, corrected CBV and K2 among three lesion types. The diagnostic performance of CBV and corrected CBV was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The CBV and correction CBV of enhancing rim were 1.45±1.17 and 1.97±1.01 for abscesses, 3.85±2.19 and 4.39±2.33 for glioblastomas, and 2.39±0.90 and 2.97±0.78 for metastases, respectively. The CBV and corrected CBV in the enhancing rim of abscesses were significantly lower than those of glioblastomas and metastases (P = 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). In differentiating abscesses from glioblastomas and metastases, the AUC values of corrected CBV (0.822) were slightly higher than those of CBV (0.792). Conclusions Mathematic leakage correction slightly increases the diagnostic performance of CBV in differentiating pyogenic abscesses from necrotic glioblastomas and cystic metastases. Clinically, DSC perfusion MRI may not need mathematic leakage correction in differentiating abscesses from glioblastomas and/or metastases.
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Wu J, Qian Z, Tao L, Yin J, Ding S, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Resting state fMRI feature-based cerebral glioma grading by support vector machine. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2014; 10:1167-74. [PMID: 25227532 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-014-1111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE : Tumor grading plays an essential role in the optimal selection of solid tumor treatment. Noninvasive methods are needed for clinical grading of tumors. This study aimed to extract parameters of resting state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) in the region of glioma and use the extracted features for tumor grading. METHODS : Tumor segmentation was performed with both conventional MRI and RS-fMRI. Four typical parameters, signal intensity difference ratio, signal intensity correlation (SIC), fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), were defined to analyze tumor regions. Mann-Whitney [Formula: see text] test was employed to identify statistical difference of these four parameters between low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG), respectively. Support vector machine (SVM) was employed to assess the diagnostic contributions of these parameters. RESULTS : Compared with LGG, HGG had more complex anatomical morphology and BOLD-fMRI features in the tumor region. SIC [Formula: see text], fALFF ([Formula: see text]) and ReHo ([Formula: see text]) were selected as features for classification according to the test [Formula: see text] value. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of SVM classification were better than 80, where SIC had the best classification accuracy (89). CONCLUSION : Parameters of RS-fMRI are effective to classify the tumor grade in glioma cases. The results indicate that this technique has clinical potential to serve as a complementary diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Automation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, No. 29, Yudao St., Qinhuai District, Nanjing, 210016, Jiangsu Province, China,
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Sarmiento JM, Nuño M, Ortega A, Mukherjee D, Fan X, Black KL, Patil CG. Cystic glioblastoma: an evaluation of IDH1 status and prognosis. Neurosurgery 2014; 74:71-5: discussion 75-6. [PMID: 24089051 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the prognostic significance of cystic features in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the pathological origin of cystic GBMs. OBJECTIVE To determine whether cystic GBMs develop from low-grade gliomas by evaluating IDH1 status and to evaluate the differences in overall survival between patients with cystic and noncystic tumors. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 351 consecutive newly diagnosed adult GBM patients treated at our institution from October 1997 to November 2011; patients with >50% cystic tumor composition were further identified. IDH1 mutation was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Patient characteristics and treatment were reported for cystic and noncystic tumors separately. Overall survival was reported for cystic and noncystic cohorts by using the Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS Of 351 patients, 27 (7.7%) had cystic tumors and 324 (92.3%) had noncystic tumors. Tumor samples for patients with cystic GBMs were immunohistochemically analyzed for IDH1 mutations. Two (7.4%) of the 27 tumor samples were documented as having IDH1 mutations. Characteristics such as age, sex, perioperative Karnofsky Performance Status, tumor size, extent of resection, postsurgery radiation, and temozolomide therapy were comparable in the and noncystic cohorts. Patients in the cystic cohort had a median overall survival of 15.0 months compared with 18.2 months for the noncystic cohort (log-rank P = .77). CONCLUSION The low frequency of IDH1 mutation status in our cystic cohort strongly suggests that most newly diagnosed cystic GBMs do not arise from malignant transformation of previously undiagnosed low-grade gliomas. Furthermore, there is no difference in overall survival between patients newly diagnosed with cystic and noncystic GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manuel Sarmiento
- Center for Neurosurgical Outcomes Research, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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ABO-Sheisha DM, Amin MA, Soliman AY. Role of diffusion weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in ring enhancing brain lesions. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Xu XX, Li B, Yang HF, Du Y, Li Y, Wang WX, Zheng HJ, Gong QY. Can diffusion-weighted imaging be used to differentiate brain abscess from other ring-enhancing brain lesions? A meta-analysis. Clin Radiol 2014; 69:909-15. [PMID: 24933524 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the discrimination of brain abscess from other ring-enhancing brain lesions through meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PUMBED, OVID, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, from January 1995 to March 2013, were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of DWI in the discrimination of brain abscess lesions. Using the data collected, pooled sensitivities and specificities across studies were determined, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated, and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were constructed. RESULTS A total of 11 studies fulfilled all of the inclusion criteria and were considered for the analysis. The pooled sensitivity values and pooled specificity values including 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.95 (0.87-0.98) and 0.94 (0.88-0.97). The pooled positive LR (95% CI) was 4.13(2.55-6.7); the pooled negative LR (95% CI) was 0.01 (0-1.7); and the area under the curve of the symmetric SROC was 0.98. CONCLUSIONS DWI has high sensitivity and specificity for the differentiation of brain abscess from other intracranial cystic mass lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-X Xu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - H-F Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Y Du
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - W-X Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - H-J Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Q-Y Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Kowa XY, Hyams C, Farrugia M, Lightowlers S. An unusual cause of a fall: an unusual presentation of lung carcinoma. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2013-203019. [PMID: 24811107 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-203019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An 80-year-old gentleman presented with a fall and subtle symptoms suggestive of a cerebellar lesion, on a background of hemiparesis due to a previous cerebral vascular accident. On admission it was thought that changes on a chest radiograph were consistent with a community-acquired pneumonia. A CT of the head showed a space-occupying lesion in the right cerebellum with surrounding oedema. A previous MRI of the brain performed 8 months earlier for investigation of dementia showed evidence of this lesion although it was significantly smaller and without midline shift; however, this had not been discussed on the MRI report. A subsequent CT of the thorax confirmed a thick-walled cavitating mass in the left upper lobe, with biopsy of this lesion and bronchial washings showing metaplastic and atypical cells suggestive of adenocarcinoma. This report highlights both the importance of accurate imaging reporting, even of incidental findings, and the insidious nature of lung malignancy and its broad clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Kowa
- Care of the Elderly, Newham University Hospital, London, UK
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Svolos P, Kousi E, Kapsalaki E, Theodorou K, Fezoulidis I, Kappas C, Tsougos I. The role of diffusion and perfusion weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of cerebral tumors: a review and future perspectives. Cancer Imaging 2014; 14:20. [PMID: 25609475 PMCID: PMC4331825 DOI: 10.1186/1470-7330-14-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the detection of cerebral tumors has been well established. However its excellent soft tissue visualization and variety of imaging sequences are in many cases non-specific for the assessment of brain tumor grading. Hence, advanced MRI techniques, like Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI), Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Dynamic-Susceptibility Contrast Imaging (DSCI), which are based on different contrast principles, have been used in the clinical routine to improve diagnostic accuracy. The variety of quantitative information derived from these techniques provides significant structural and functional information in a cellular level, highlighting aspects of the underlying brain pathophysiology. The present work, reviews physical principles and recent results obtained using DWI/DTI and DSCI, in tumor characterization and grading of the most common cerebral neoplasms, and discusses how the available MR quantitative data can be utilized through advanced methods of analysis, in order to optimize clinical decision making.
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Tsolaki E, Kousi E, Svolos P, Kapsalaki E, Theodorou K, Kappas C, Tsougos I. Clinical decision support systems for brain tumor characterization using advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques. World J Radiol 2014; 6:72-81. [PMID: 24778769 PMCID: PMC4000611 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i4.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and perfusion weighted imaging have been used in order to resolve demanding diagnostic problems such as brain tumor characterization and grading, as these techniques offer a more detailed and non-invasive evaluation of the area under study. In the last decade a great effort has been made to import and utilize intelligent systems in the so-called clinical decision support systems (CDSS) for automatic processing, classification, evaluation and representation of MRI data in order for advanced MRI techniques to become a part of the clinical routine, since the amount of data from the aforementioned techniques has gradually increased. Hence, the purpose of the current review article is two-fold. The first is to review and evaluate the progress that has been made towards the utilization of CDSS based on data from advanced MRI techniques. The second is to analyze and propose the future work that has to be done, based on the existing problems and challenges, especially taking into account the new imaging techniques and parameters that can be introduced into intelligent systems to significantly improve their diagnostic specificity and clinical application.
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Yiping L, Hui L, Kun Z, Daoying G, Bo Y. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the sellar region: a comparison study of BLADE and single-shot echo planar imaging sequences. Eur J Radiol 2014; 83:1239-1244. [PMID: 24755049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to compare BLADE diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with single-shot echo planar imaging (EPI) DWI on the aspects of feasibility of imaging the sellar region and image quality. METHODS A total of 3 healthy volunteers and 52 patients with suspected lesions in the sellar region were included in this prospective intra-individual study. All exams were performed at 3.0T with a BLADE DWI sequence and a standard single-shot EP-DWI sequence. Phantom measurements were performed to measure the objective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Two radiologists rated the image quality according to the visualisation of the internal carotid arteries, optic chiasm, pituitary stalk, pituitary gland and lesion, and the overall image quality. One radiologist measured lesion sizes for detecting their relationship with the image score. RESULTS The SNR in BLADE DWI sequence showed no significant difference from the single-shot EPI sequence (P>0.05). All of the assessed regions received higher scores in BLADE DWI images than single-shot EP-DWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yiping
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Rd. Middle, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liu Hui
- MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Siemens Ltd., China, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Zhou Kun
- MR PLM APPL, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Geng Daoying
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Rd. Middle, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yin Bo
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Rd. Middle, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Wang S, Kim SJ, Poptani H, Woo JH, Mohan S, Jin R, Voluck MR, O'Rourke DM, Wolf RL, Melhem ER, Kim S. Diagnostic utility of diffusion tensor imaging in differentiating glioblastomas from brain metastases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:928-34. [PMID: 24503556 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Differentiation of glioblastomas and solitary brain metastases is an important clinical problem because the treatment strategy can differ significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential added value of DTI metrics in differentiating glioblastomas from brain metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-eight patients with glioblastomas and 93 with brain metastases were retrospectively identified. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values were measured from the enhancing and peritumoral regions of the tumor. Two experienced neuroradiologists independently rated all cases by using conventional MR imaging and DTI. The diagnostic performances of the 2 raters and a DTI-based model were assessed individually and combined. RESULTS The fractional anisotropy values from the enhancing region of glioblastomas were significantly higher than those of brain metastases (P < .01). There was no difference in mean diffusivity between the 2 tumor types. A classification model based on fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity from the enhancing regions differentiated glioblastomas from brain metastases with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86, close to those obtained by 2 neuroradiologists using routine clinical images and DTI parameter maps (area under the curve = 0.90 and 0.85). The areas under the curve of the 2 radiologists were further improved to 0.96 and 0.93 by the addition of the DTI classification model. CONCLUSIONS Classification models based on fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity from the enhancing regions of the tumor can improve diagnostic performance in differentiating glioblastomas from brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.W., H.P., J.H.W., S.M., M.R.V., R.L.W.)
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Radiology (S.J.K.), University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Poptani
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.W., H.P., J.H.W., S.M., M.R.V., R.L.W.)
| | - J H Woo
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.W., H.P., J.H.W., S.M., M.R.V., R.L.W.)
| | - S Mohan
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.W., H.P., J.H.W., S.M., M.R.V., R.L.W.)
| | - R Jin
- Medical Data Research Center (R.J.), Providence Health and Services, Portland, Oregon
| | - M R Voluck
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.W., H.P., J.H.W., S.M., M.R.V., R.L.W.)
| | - D M O'Rourke
- Neurosurgery (D.M.O.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - R L Wolf
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.W., H.P., J.H.W., S.M., M.R.V., R.L.W.)
| | - E R Melhem
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (E.R.M.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - S Kim
- Department of Radiology (S.K.), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Svolos P, Tsolaki E, Kapsalaki E, Theodorou K, Fountas K, Fezoulidis I, Tsougos I. Investigating brain tumor differentiation with diffusion and perfusion metrics at 3T MRI using pattern recognition techniques. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1567-77. [PMID: 23906533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of diffusion and perfusion MR metrics in the discrimination of intracranial brain lesions at 3T MRI, and to investigate the potential diagnostic and predictive value that pattern recognition techniques may provide in tumor characterization using these metrics as classification features. Conventional MRI, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and dynamic-susceptibility contrast imaging (DSCI) were performed on 115 patients with newly diagnosed intracranial tumors (low-and- high grade gliomas, meningiomas, solitary metastases). The Mann-Whitney U test was employed in order to identify statistical differences of the diffusion and perfusion parameters for different tumor comparisons in the intra-and peritumoral region. To assess the diagnostic contribution of these parameters, two different methods were used; the commonly used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the more sophisticated SVM classification, and accuracy, sensitivity and specificity levels were obtained for both cases. The combination of all metrics provided the optimum diagnostic outcome. The highest predictive outcome was obtained using the SVM classification, although ROC analysis yielded high accuracies as well. It is evident that DWI/DTI and DSCI are useful techniques for tumor grading. Nevertheless, cellularity and vascularity are factors closely correlated in a non-linear way and thus difficult to evaluate and interpret through conventional methods of analysis. Hence, the combination of diffusion and perfusion metrics into a sophisticated classification scheme may provide the optimum diagnostic outcome. In conclusion, machine learning techniques may be used as an adjunctive diagnostic tool, which can be implemented into the clinical routine to optimize decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Svolos
- Medical Physics Department, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
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Svolos P, Tsolaki E, Theodorou K, Fountas K, Kapsalaki E, Fezoulidis I, Tsougos I. Classification methods for the differentiation of atypical meningiomas using diffusion and perfusion techniques at 3-T MRI. Clin Imaging 2013; 37:856-64. [PMID: 23849831 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate the contribution of machine learning algorithms using diffusion and perfusion techniques in the differentiation of atypical meningiomas from glioblastomas and metastases. Apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy, and relative cerebral blood volume were measured in different tumor regions. Naive Bayes, k-Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machine classifiers were used in the classification procedure. The application of classification methods adds incremental differential diagnostic value. Differentiation is mainly achieved using diffusion metrics, while perfusion measurements may provide significant information for the peritumoral regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Svolos
- Medical Physics Department, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110, Larissa, Greece
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Tsougos I, Svolos P, Kousi E, Fountas K, Theodorou K, Fezoulidis I, Kapsalaki E. Differentiation of glioblastoma multiforme from metastatic brain tumor using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion metrics at 3 T. Cancer Imaging 2012; 12:423-36. [PMID: 23108208 PMCID: PMC3494384 DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the contribution of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSCE) imaging metrics in the differentiation of glioblastomas from solitary metastasis, and particularly to clarify the controversial reports regarding the hypothesis that there should be a significant differentiation between the intratumoral and peritumoral areas. Methods: Conventional MR imaging, 1H-MRS, DWI, DTI and DSCE MRI was performed on 49 patients (35 glioblastomas multiforme, 14 metastases) using a 3.0-T MR unit. Metabolite ratios, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were measured in the intratumoral and peritumoral regions of the lesions. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to obtain the cut-off values for the parameters presenting a statistical difference between the two tumor groups. Furthermore, we investigated the potential effect of the region of interest (ROI) size on the quantification of diffusion properties in the intratumoral region of the lesions, by applying two different ROI methods. Results: Peritumoral N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, Cho/NAA and rCBV significantly differentiated glioblastomas from intracranial metastases. ADC and FA presented no significant difference between the two tumor groups. Conclusions:1H-MRS and dynamic susceptibility measurements in the peritumoral regions may definitely aid in the differentiation of glioblastomas and solitary metastases. The quantification of the diffusion properties in the intratumoral region is independent of the ROI size placed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsougos
- Medical Physics Department, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece.
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Mills SJ, Thompson G, Jackson A. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of cerebral metastases. Cancer Imaging 2012; 12:245-52. [PMID: 22935843 PMCID: PMC3458786 DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a number of magnetic resonance imaging techniques available for use in the diagnosis and management of patients with cerebral metastases. This article reviews these techniques, in particular, the advanced imaging methodologies from which quantitative parameters can be derived, the role of these imaging biomarkers have in distinguishing metastases from primary central nervous system tumours and tumour mimics, and metrics that may be of value in predicting the origin of the primary tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Mills
- Department of Neuroradiology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust Hospital, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK.
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Keogh BP, Henson JW. Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Imaging of Brain Tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 26:733-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the brain. J Clin Neurosci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Toh CH, Wei KC, Chang CN, Hsu PW, Wong HF, Ng SH, Castillo M, Lin CP. Differentiation of pyogenic brain abscesses from necrotic glioblastomas with use of susceptibility-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1534-8. [PMID: 22422181 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A common imaging finding in brain abscess and necrotic glioblastoma is a T2 hypointense margin. The features of this hypointense rim on SWI have not been previously described, to our knowledge. We aimed to differentiate abscesses from glioblastomas by assessing the morphology of their lesion margin by using SWI. MATERIALS AND METHODS T2WI and SWI were performed in 12 abscesses and 20 rim-enhancing glioblastomas. On T2WI and SWI, the prevalence and the border types (complete versus incomplete) of hypointense rims were qualitatively assessed. On SWI, the contour (smooth versus irregular) and the location of hypointense rims relative to the contrast-enhancing rims as well as the prevalence of the "dual rim sign," defined as 2 concentric rims at lesion margins with the outer one being hypointense and the inner one hyperintense relative to cavity contents, were also analyzed. RESULTS Prevalence and the border types of the hypointense rims on T2WI were not different between abscesses and glioblastomas. On SWI, there were significantly more hypointense rims that were complete (P < .001) and smooth (P < .001), having the same location as the contrast-enhancing rims (P < .001) for abscesses. A dual rim sign was present in 9 of 12 abscesses but absent in all glioblastomas (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS SWI may be helpful in differentiating pyogenic abscesses from necrotic glioblastomas. The dual rim sign is the most specific imaging feature distinguishing the 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Toh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Cuvinciuc V, Vargas MI, Lovblad KO, Haller S. Diagnosing infection of the CNS with MRI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/iim.11.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Diffusion MR Imaging of the Brain in Patients with Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2011; 2011:714021. [PMID: 22121483 PMCID: PMC3202134 DOI: 10.1155/2011/714021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several years, there has been significant advancement in the molecular characterization of intracranial diseases, particularly cerebral neoplasms. While nuclear medicine technology, including PET/CT, has been at the foreground of exploration, new MR imaging techniques, specifically diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging, have shown interesting applications towards advancing our understanding of cancer involving the brain. In this paper, we review the fundamentals and basic physics of these techniques, and their applications to patient care for both general diagnostic use and in answering specific questions in selection of patients in terms of expected response to treatment.
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Kaur G, Bloch O, Jian BJ, Kaur R, Sughrue ME, Aghi MK, McDermott MW, Berger MS, Chang SM, Parsa AT. A critical evaluation of cystic features in primary glioblastoma as a prognostic factor for survival. J Neurosurg 2011; 115:754-9. [DOI: 10.3171/2011.5.jns11128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
The presence of cystic features in glioblastoma (GBM) has been described as a favorable prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to determine the survival outcome in patients undergoing surgery for newly diagnosed primary GBM with a large cystic component as compared with a large cohort of patients with noncystic GBM, while controlling for well-characterized prognostic factors.
Methods
A retrospective review of 354 consecutive patients treated with resection of primary GBM was performed using medical records and imaging information obtained at the University of California, San Francisco from 2005 to 2009. Within this cohort, 37 patients with large cysts (≥ 50% of tumor) were identified. Clinical presentations and surgical outcomes were statistically compared between the cystic and noncystic patients.
Results
There were no statistically significant differences in clinical presentation between groups, including differences in age, sex, presenting symptoms, tumor location, or preoperative functional status, with the exception of tumor size, which was marginally larger in the cystic group. Surgical outcomes, including extent of resection and postoperative functional status, were equivalent. The median actuarial survival for the patients with cystic GBM was 17.0 months (95% CI 12.6–21.3 months), and the median survival for patients with noncystic GBM was 15.9 months (95% CI 14.6–17.2 months). There was no significant between-groups difference in survival (p = 0.99, log-rank test). A Cox multivariate regression model was constructed, which identified only age and extent of resection as independent predictors of survival. The presence of a cyst was not a statistically significant prognostic factor.
Conclusions
This study, comprising the largest series of cases of primary cystic GBM reported in the literature to date, demonstrates that the presence of a large cyst in patients with GBM does not significantly affect overall survival as compared with survival in patients without a cyst. Preoperative discussions with patients with GBM should focus on validated prognostic factors. The presence of cystic features does not confer a survival advantage.
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Toh CH, Wei KC, Ng SH, Wan YL, Lin CP, Castillo M. Differentiation of brain abscesses from necrotic glioblastomas and cystic metastatic brain tumors with diffusion tensor imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1646-51. [PMID: 21835939 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The differentiation of abscesses from glioblastomas and metastases may not always be possible on the basis of DWI. Our hypothesis was that differences in diffusion properties as detected by DTI allow differentiation of abscess from glioblastomas and metastasis. Furthermore, diagnostic performance of tensor metrics quantifying anisotropy or tensor shapes is better than that of ADC in measuring mean diffusivity for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS DTI was performed in 15 abscesses, 15 necrotic glioblastomas, and 26 cystic metastases. In each lesion, manually segmented into 4 regions of interest (ie, cystic cavity, enhancing rim, and immediate [edema most adjacent to the enhancing rim] and distant zones of edema), FA, ADC, C(l), C(p), and C(s) values were measured and statistically compared among groups and evaluated with ROC curve analysis. The presence of a hyperintense FA rim (a rim of edematous tissue that was hyperintense on the FA map) was assessed visually. RESULTS Abscess was significantly different from glioblastoma for all tensor metrics measured in the cystic cavity and immediate zone of edema and for all except C(l) in the enhancing rim. Abscess was significantly different from metastasis for all tensor metrics measured in the cystic cavity and enhancing rim and for FA, ADC, and C(l) in immediate zone of edema. The incidence of a hyperintense FA rim was significantly higher in glioblastoma and metastasis compared with abscess. The 3 tensor metrics with the highest performance in differentiating abscess from glioblastoma and metastasis were FA, C(l), and C(s) of the cystic cavity. CONCLUSIONS DTI is able to differentiate abscess from glioblastoma and metastasis. FA, C(l), and C(s) outperformed ADC in diagnostic performance comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Toh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Roh JE, Lee SY, Cha SH, Cho BS, Jeon MH, Kang MH. Sequential magnetic resonance imaging finding of intramedullary spinal cord abscess including diffusion weighted image: a case report. Korean J Radiol 2011; 12:241-6. [PMID: 21430942 PMCID: PMC3052616 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2011.12.2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramedullary spinal cord abscess (ISCA) is a rare infection of the central nervous system. We describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings, of ISCA in a 78-year-old man. The initial conventional MRI of the thoracic spine demonstrated a subtle enhancing nodule accompanied by significant edema. On the follow-up MRI after seven days, the nodule appeared as a ring-enhancing nodule. The non-enhancing central portion of the nodule appeared hyperintense on DWI with a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value on the ADC map. We performed myelotomy and surgical drainage, and thick, yellowish pus was drained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Roh
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk 361-711, Korea
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