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Nowinski WL. On presentation of cerebral arteries via cortical openings. Neuroradiol J 2024:19714009241252626. [PMID: 38743608 DOI: 10.1177/19714009241252626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The presentation of cortical arteries is challenging, as most of their course is hidden in the depth of the sulci. Despite that, demonstrating the arteries on the cortical surface is a standard way of their presentation. To keep advantages of surface presentation while lessening its limitation, we propose a novel context-related method of cerebrovasculature presentation by cortical openings consisting in the removal of a selected region from the cortical mantle and exposing underlying structures. We also introduce a reverse than standard vessel-to-context mapping from a gyrus/lobule to vessels supplying it.The method has the following steps: define a cortical opening, develop a tool to perform them, create cortical openings for gyri and lobules with underlying white matter and intracranial arteries, generate labeled and parcellated images for the created openings, and integrate the cortical opening images with the NOWinBRAIN public repository of 8600 3D neuroimages.The cortical openings are created for 64 gyri and six lobules for the left and right cerebral hemispheres resulting in 210 images arranged in triples as spatially corresponding non-parcellated and unlabeled, parcellated by color and unlabeled, and parcellated and labeled images.The cortical opening approach, generally, increases vessel exposure in a higher number of depicted branches, revealing arteries otherwise hidden deep in sulci, a more complete vessel course, and a lower number of required views.The gyrus/lobule-to-arteries mapping facilitates exploration of a studied region, encapsulates all local arteries, and reduces vascular complexity by decomposing the entire vascular system into smaller sets involved in the studied region.
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Abasıyanık Z, Emük Y, Kahraman T. Attitudes of physiotherapy students toward neurology: does "neurophobia" exist among physiotherapy students? Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:689-694. [PMID: 36528784 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2154627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that medical students and practitioners have particular difficulty in neurology and have neurophobia. However, little is known about attitudes toward neurology in physiotherapy students. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the attitudes of physiotherapy students toward neurology and compare it with other core specialties, identify contributors to difficulties of neurology, and obtain feedback for improving the quality of neurology and neurological rehabilitation education. METHODS A structured survey was distributed to final-year physiotherapy students in different universities across Turkey. Perceived level of knowledge, confidence, interest, difficulty, and desire to pursue a career in four main physiotherapy specialty areas (neurology, musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and pediatric) were assessed. Reasons for perceived difficulty and ways to improve neurological physiotherapy education were asked by Likert-type and open-ended questions. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-one students participated from 12 universities. Neurology was perceived as the most challenging discipline (p < .001), but a lack of knowledge, interest, and confidence were not reported. The reasons for perceived difficulties with neurology were the need-to-know basic neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, difficulty integrating information into the clinic, and the complexity of the subject. To improve learning, most students recommended increasing clinical teaching, including bedside tutorials, exposure to more patients, and case discussions. CONCLUSION Physiotherapy students considered neurology as the most challenging discipline. Improving the integration of basic neurosciences into the clinic may improve neurology learning along with increased clinical teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Abasıyanık
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Turkey
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Emük
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Turhan Kahraman
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey
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Darcy S, Kelly E, Choong D, McCarthy A, O'Dowd S, Bogdanova-Mihaylova P, Murphy SM. The impact of headache disorders: a prospective analysis of headache referrals to outpatient and inpatient neurology and emergency services in an Irish University teaching hospital. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:397-405. [PMID: 37369930 PMCID: PMC10808417 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Headache represents a significant proportion of disability globally in general practice, neurology outpatient settings, and emergency departments. There is scant literature regarding the impact of headache on healthcare services in Ireland. AIMS We aimed to investigate headache burden across the emergency department, inpatient stays, and neurology outpatient department referrals in an Irish University teaching hospital. METHODS We prospectively collected data regarding emergency department presentations, inpatient neurology consultations, and neurology outpatient referrals for patients with headache between 13th January and 8th March 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS There were 180 emergency department attendances, 50 inpatient consultations, and 76 outpatient referrals with headache. Neurological examinations were often incomplete; neuroimaging was commonly employed. Migraine was the most frequent headache diagnosis at discharge in the emergency department and among inpatients after neurology review. Diagnostic uncertainty was identified-33% of patients left the emergency department with no diagnosis, and "unknown/unspecified headache" was recorded on 49% of outpatient referrals and 30% of inpatient consult requests. Medication overuse headache coexisted with migraine in nine patients in the inpatient group. Prophylaxis had been trialed in 56% of patients with migraine referred to outpatients. CONCLUSIONS Primary headache disorders have a large impact on hospital services. Diagnostic uncertainty is common; neuroimaging is relied upon. Appropriate care pathways, education, and resource allocation should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Darcy
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Tallaght, Ireland.
| | - Emmet Kelly
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Tallaght, Ireland
| | - Denise Choong
- Emergency Department, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Tallaght, Ireland
| | - Allan McCarthy
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Tallaght, Ireland
| | - Sean O'Dowd
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Tallaght, Ireland
| | | | - Sinéad M Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Tallaght, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Malhotra PS, Bennett M, Yin L, Whiting L, Singh RR, Sindhar J. Neurophobia Among Medical Students: Is Virtual Teaching the Answer? World Neurosurg 2024; 182:e29-e33. [PMID: 37952888 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurophobia is well recognized as dissuading medical students from neurocentric specialties and limiting the success of neurology and neurosurgery teaching at medical school. Past studies have associated neurophobia with deficiencies in medical education. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of medical students' confidence and perceived level of knowledge in recognizing the following neurosurgical and neurological emergencies: ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, status epilepticus, subarachnoid hemorrhage, increased intracranial pressure, acute hydrocephalus, spinal cord injury, cauda equina syndrome, and traumatic brain injury. In addition, we assessed the usefulness of virtual seminars in neurosurgery and neurology teaching. METHODS Medical students from King's College London were invited to a virtual teaching session. We obtained preteaching and postteaching scores for students' subjective ability to recognize specific neurologic and neurosurgical emergencies, along with their confidence in the subject. RESULTS Ninety-seven medical students attended the teaching session. For our sample group's subjective rating on their confidence in neurology or neurosurgery as a subject, we obtained a mean score of 3.87 and a median score of 4. Across all domains, there was a significant forward shift in the distribution curve of scores after teaching. We obtained statistically significant differences for all 9 neurologic and neurosurgical emergencies evaluated in our questionnaire (asymptotic significance <0.001). Median scores for all 9 conditions improved after the teaching session, with >50% positive ranks seen within each group. Across the teaching modalities compared, placement teaching was the highest scoring, whereas online lectures received a better rating than in-person lectures. CONCLUSIONS In neurosurgery teaching, virtual seminars may compensate for deficiencies that exist within medical education, hence limiting the effects of neurophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Bennett
- King's College London School of Medical Education, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Yin
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Whiting
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jan Sindhar
- King's College London School of Medical Education, London, United Kingdom
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Han F, Zhang Y, Wang P, Wu D, Zhou LX, Ni J. Neurophobia among medical students and resident trainees in a tertiary comprehensive hospital in China. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:824. [PMID: 37919684 PMCID: PMC10621143 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students and residents have been revealed to have extraordinary difficulties in managing patients with neurological complaints. However, specific information on Chinese trainees is scarce. Herein, we aimed to uncover the presence of, contributing factors for, and potential solutions to neurophobia among medical students and resident trainees in China. METHODS Questionnaires were administered to the medical students of Peking Union Medical College and residents of the Internal Medicine Residency Training Program at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. We asked about perceived difficulty, knowledge, interest, and confidence in neurology in contrast to six other specialties. The reasons why neurology is regarded as difficult and approaches for improving neurological teaching have been appraised. RESULTS A total of 351 surveys were completed by 218 medical students and 133 residents. The response rate exceeded 70% in both groups. The prevalence of neurophobia was 66.1% and 58.6% among medical students and residents, respectively. Respondents declared that greater difficulty was observed in neurology than in other specialties, and the management of patients with neurological problems was the least comfortable (p < 0.0001). Neurophobia has various perceived causes, and neuroanatomy is regarded as the most important contributor. Nearly 80% of medical students felt that improvements in neurology teaching could be achieved through further integration of preclinical and clinical neurological teaching. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the first survey on neurophobia in China are in accordance with those of previous studies. Neurophobia is highly prevalent in Chinese medical students and residents. Strategies to improve teaching, including enhanced integration of teaching and more online resources, are needed to prevent neurophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PekingBeijing, China
| | - Li-Xin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Reiter-Campeau S, Moore F. The Role of the Neurological Examination in Primary Care Referrals to Neurology. Can J Neurol Sci 2023; 50:922-924. [PMID: 36321544 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2022.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Low confidence with the neurological examination may contribute to primary care physicians' discomfort with neurology and a low threshold to refer patients. We surveyed primary care physicians in Quebec about their last three referrals to neurology to evaluate what role the neurological examination played in their decision. Twenty-six physicians answered concerning 73 patient referrals. We found that primary care physicians use the neurological examination to reinforce their decision but rarely depend on the findings. Our results suggest that improving history-taking rather than examination skills may have more impact on neurology referrals, influencing quality of referral information above quantity of referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fraser Moore
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Yang H, Fan Y, Chen Z, Zhang S, Wu H, Hu X, Wu T, Zhang M. Constructing a diversified online neurology teaching model under the COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1071414. [PMID: 36698791 PMCID: PMC9868292 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To construct a diversified and comprehensive network teaching model to provide highly qualified medical teaching in neurology under COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods Published studies on medical education were systematically reviewed and summarized. Based on previous studies and our experience, we constructed a novel online neurology teaching model and applied it to real scene. Students taking traditional in class lessons and online lessons were asked to finish the test, respectively, to compare the efficiency of learning. Questionnaires were designed and assigned to get the feedback from students. Results The average test score of students who take online class (84.27 ± 4.64) was significantly higher than those who take in class lessons (82.08 ± 6.17) (P < 0.01). According to the feedbacks from students, online classes were more attractive to students than the conventional one. Conclusion Traditional single-mode teaching can no longer meet the needs of current medical education, especially under the rampant epidemic. This novel teaching mode, which orchestrates high-tech tools, diverse teaching methods and traditional teaching concepts, provides the solution to the challenge faced by traditional medical education. We believe that this novel online teaching mode will boost neurology education and inspire educators in other fields during this tough period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyue Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinhang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Mengqi Zhang,
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Meyer FB, Hoehne SN, Murthy VD, Maiolini A, Stein VM, Rathmann JMK, Guevar J. Perception of challenges in management of neurological cases in the emergency room. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:38-46. [PMID: 36161761 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate emergency clinicians' comfort level in assessing neurological emergencies and to identify opportunities to foster enhanced training of clinical neurology in the emergency room. DESIGN Internet-based survey. SETTING University teaching hospitals and private referral centers. SUBJECTS One hundred and ninety-two emergency and critical care specialists and resident trainees (ECC) and 104 neurology specialists and resident trainees (NEUR) in clinical practice. INTERVENTIONS An internet-based survey was distributed via veterinary professional organizations' listserves and message boards and responses were collected between March and April 2020. ECC completed a survey evaluating stress levels associated with neurological emergencies, confidence with neurological examinations, and neuroanatomical localization. NEUR completed a similar survey to report their perception of their ECC colleagues' confidence in the assessment of neurological cases. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare categorical responses and confidence scores between groups. P < 0.002 was considered significant. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Fifty-two percent of ECC found neurological emergencies slightly challenging, whereas 85% of NEUR found them moderately to extremely challenging for ECC (P < 0.0001). ECC's median self-reported confidence score in performing a neurologic examination on a scale of 0-100 was 75 (interquartile range [IQR], 27), while NEUR reported a median ECC confidence of 44 (IQR, 25; P < 0.0001). Median self-reported ECC confidence in localizing intracranial, spinal, and neuromuscular disease was 67 (IQR, 40), 88 (IQR, 21), and 60 (IQR, 37), respectively, which was significantly higher than median NEUR-reported ECC confidence of 35 (IQR, 38), 51 (IQR, 31), and 18 (IQR, 20), respectively (all P < 0.0001). Following case transfer, 34% of ECC received NEUR feedback in >75% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Noticeable discrepancies between ECC and NEUR perceptions of ECC clinical confidence were seen, while no firm evidence of neurophobia could be inferred. Improvements in interdepartmental communication and teaching of clinical neurology may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska B Meyer
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina N Hoehne
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vishal D Murthy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Arianna Maiolini
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Veronika M Stein
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Julien Guevar
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Neurophobia: A Side Effect of Neuroanatomy Education? J Med Syst 2022; 46:99. [PMID: 36418787 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-022-01885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroanatomy in the medical curriculum tends to be challenging for both lecturers and students. Students and lecturers perceive the relevance and importance of neuroanatomy differently. If not taught sufficiently, students develop a dislike or fear (termed neurophobia) for the subject. This fear prevents them from being receptive to the teaching and consequently applying the neuroanatomy knowledge in the clinical environment. Information on the approach and perception of undergraduate neuroanatomy lecturers in South Africa regarding neuroanatomy in the medical curriculum is scarce and inconclusive. A study was undertaken to explore the attitudes and perceptions of neuroanatomy lecturers towards the relevance of neuroanatomy, as well as the teaching techniques and approach thereof, in the medical curriculum. In order to determine whether the lecturers' teaching approach and attitudes could be a contributing factor to neurophobia. In a cross-sectional qualitative study, neuroanatomy lecturers from the nine South African medical schools were invited to complete an anonymous online questionnaire. Results were thematically analysed and grouped. Lecturing staff from seven of the medical schools participated in this study and included fourteen respondents. The respondents classified themselves mainly as either proficient (78.6%) or experts (15.8%) in their neuroanatomy teaching experience. All the respondents acknowledged that neuroanatomy is important in their students' medical training. A lecturer's perceptions and attitude towards the subject or content, greatly affect the facilitation approaches and techniques used. This might have far- reaching consequences for students as it might impact on their attitude towards the content.
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Nowinski WL. On the definition, construction, and presentation of the human cerebral sulci: A morphology-based approach. J Anat 2022; 241:789-808. [PMID: 35638263 PMCID: PMC9358745 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the term sulcus is known for almost four centuries, its formal, precise, consistent, constructive, and quantitative definition is practically lacking. As the cerebral sulci (and gyri) are vital in cortical anatomy which, in turn, is central in neuroeducation and neuroimage processing, a new sulcus definition is needed. The contribution of this work is threefold, namely to (1) propose a new, morphology-based definition of the term sulcus (and consequently that of gyrus), (2) formulate a constructive method for sulcus calculation, and (3) provide a novel way for the presentation of sulci. The sulcus is defined here as a volumetric region on the cortical mantle between adjacent gyri separated from them at the levels of their gyral white matter crest lines. Consequently, the sulcal inner surface is demarcated by the crest lines of the gyral white matter of its adjacent gyri. Correspondingly, the gyrus is defined as a volumetric region on the cortical mantle separated from its adjacent sulci at the level of its gyral white matter crest line. This volumetric sulcus definition is conceptually simple, anatomy-based, educationally friendly, quantitative, and constructive. Considering the sulcus as a volumetric object is a major differentiation from other works. Based on the introduced sulcus definition, a method for volumetric sulcus construction is proposed in two, conceptually straightforward, steps, namely, sulcal intersection formation followed by its propagation which steps are to be repeated for every sulcal segment. These sulcal and gyral constructions can be automated by applying existing methods and public tools. As a volumetric sulcus forms an imprint into the white matter, this enables prominent sulcus presentation. Since this type of presentation is novel yet unfamiliar to the reader, also a dual surface presentation was proposed here by employing the spatially co-registered white matter and cortical surfaces. The results were presented as dual surface labeled sulci on eight standard orthogonal views, anterior, left lateral, posterior, right lateral, superior, inferior, medial left, and medial right by using a 3D brain atlas. Moreover, additional 108 labeled images were created with sulcus-oriented views for 27 individual left and right sulci forming 54 dual white matter-cortical surface images strengthening in this way the educational value of the proposed approach. These images were included for public use in the NOWinBRAIN neuroimage repository with over 7700 3D images available at www.nowinbrain.org. The results demonstrated the superiority of white matter surface sulci presentation over the standard cortical surface and cross-sectional presentations in terms of sulcal course, continuity, size, shape, width, depth, side branches, and pattern. To my best knowledge, this is the first work ever presenting the labeling of sulci on all cerebral white matter surfaces as well as on dual white matter-cortical surfaces. Additionally to neuroeducation, three other applications of the proposed approach were discussed, sulcal reference maps, sulcus quantification in terms of new parameters introduced here (sulcal volume, wall skewness, and the number of white matter basins), and an atlas-assisted tool for exploration and studying of cerebral sulci and gyri .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw L. Nowinski
- School of Medicine, University of Cardinal Stefan WyszynskiWarsawPoland
- Nowinski Brain FoundationLomiankiPoland
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Medical Student Perceptions of Near Peer Teaching within an Histology Course at the University of Sassari, Italy. EDUCATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci12080527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Near peer teaching (NPT) is becoming recognized as a valuable instrument with advantages for both students and teachers. Despite the recognized benefits, NPT programmes are not usually embedded within university healthcare curricula and, to our knowledge, there have been few studies assessing medical students’ attitudes towards NPT for histology courses. Our study is the first that assess medical students’ perceptions concerning the value of NPT for a course in the human organ histology component of anatomy. A NPT programme was provided for second-year medical students and delivered during laboratory sessions for microscopic anatomy. The NPT tutors were recruited from third-, fourth- or fifth-year medical students. The medical tutees completed a questionnaire to assess their attitudes towards NPT. The initial hypothesis tested was that students preferred to be taught by their professional teachers and not by NPT tutors. A total of 113 students completed the questionnaire (46% response rate). Of these, 70% of respondents rated the support of the NPT tutors as being excellent or good. Furthermore, 60% of respondents agreed that the NPT programme should be introduced officially into the medical curriculum. The findings are not consistent with our initial hypothesis, and suggest that NPT could be a valuable instrument for the understanding of histological concepts.
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Bandyopadhyay S, Kouli O, Ooi SZY, Whitehouse K, Demetriades AK. Are UK medical schools using recommended national curricula for the teaching of clinical neuroscience? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 216:107224. [PMID: 35397346 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical schools are responsible for training medical students to recognise and commence management for a broad spectrum of diseases, including clinical neuroscience conditions. To guide medical schools on topics that should be taught, speciality bodies have produced speciality-based core curricula. It is unknown to what extent these guidelines are used in designing each medical school's curriculum. This survey aimed at assessing the use of these guidelines in designing clinical neuroscience curricula. METHODS This is a national survey. A 21-item questionnaire was sent to faculty members involved in the development of the clinical neuroscience curriculum in each medical school in the UK. Data collection occurred from1st September 2020-31 st August 2021. The Association of British Neurologists (ABN) and the Royal College of Surgeons England (RCSEng) guidelines were used as a benchmark. Descriptive statistics are reported. RESULTS Data was collected from 91.9% of eligible UK medical schools. 61.8% respondents were aware of ABN guidelines and 35.3% were aware of RCSEng guidelines. 17/28 (60.7%) topics recommended by the guidelines were taught in the neuroscience curricula of over 90% of the medical schools. Neurologists were involved in the design of the clinical neuroscience curriculum in 94.1% (n = 32/34) of medical schools, and neurosurgeons in 61.8%. Tutorials/seminars were used by all medical schools to teach clinical neuroscience content. Neurologists were involved in teaching at all schools and neurosurgeons in 70.6%. Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)/oral examinations and single best answer (SBA)/multiple-choice question (MCQ) tests were used in all medical schools as methods of assessment. CONCLUSIONS There is variation between medical schools on what clinical neuroscience topics are taught and by whom. Multi-modality educational delivery was evident. Some medical schools did not currently use, advertise, or recommend external clinical neuroscience educational resources; but there was support for future use of external resources including guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Bandyopadhyay
- Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Omar Kouli
- Greater Glasgow and Clyde NHS Foundation Trust, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | | - Andreas K Demetriades
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Royal Infirmary, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
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NOWinBRAIN: a Large, Systematic, and Extendable Repository of 3D Reconstructed Images of a Living Human Brain Cum Head and Neck. J Digit Imaging 2022; 35:98-114. [PMID: 35013825 PMCID: PMC8921370 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-021-00528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous development of various brain-related resources, a large, systematic, comprehensive, extendable, and beautiful repository of 3D reconstructed images of a living human brain expanded to the head and neck is not yet available. I have created such a novel repository and populated it with images derived from a 3D atlas constructed from 3/7 Tesla MRI and high-resolution CT scans. This web-based repository contains 6 galleries hierarchically organized in 444 albums and sub-albums with 5,156 images. Its original features include a systematic design in terms of multiple standard views, modes of presentation, and spatially co-registered image sequences; multi-tissue class galleries constructed from 26 primary tissue classes and 199 sub-classes; and a unique image naming syntax enabling image searching based solely on the image name. Anatomic structures are displayed in 6 standard views (anterior, left, posterior, right, superior, inferior), all views having the same brain size, and optionally with additional arbitrary views. In each view, the images are shown as sequences in three standard modes of presentation, non-parcellated unlabeled, parcellated unlabeled, and parcellated labeled. There are two types of spatially co-registered image sequences (imitating image layers and enabling animation creation), the appearance image sequence (for standard views) and the context image sequence (with a growing number of tissue classes). Color-coded neuroanatomic content makes the brain beautiful and facilitates its learning and understanding. This unique repository is freely available and easily accessible online at www.nowinbrain.org for a wide spectrum of users in medicine and beyond. Its future extensions are in progress.
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14
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Neurophobia in Africa: Survey responses from fifteen African countries. J Neurol Sci 2022; 434:120161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liberman AL, Cheng NT, Friedman BW, Gerstein MT, Moncrieffe K, Labovitz DL, Lipton RB. Emergency medicine physicians' perspectives on diagnostic accuracy in neurology: a qualitative study. Diagnosis (Berl) 2021; 9:225-235. [PMID: 34855312 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2021-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of emergency medicine (EM) physicians towards non-specific neurological conditions and the use of clinical decision support (CDS) to improve diagnostic accuracy. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews of EM physicians at four emergency departments (EDs) affiliated with a single US healthcare system. Interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was achieved. Conventional content analysis was used to identify themes related to EM physicians' perspectives on acute diagnostic neurology; directed content analysis was used to explore views regarding CDS. Each interview transcript was independently coded by two researchers using an iteratively refined codebook with consensus-based resolution of coding differences. RESULTS We identified two domains regarding diagnostic safety: (1) challenges unique to neurological complaints and (2) challenges in EM more broadly. Themes relevant to neurology included: (1) knowledge gaps and uncertainty, (2) skepticism about neurology, (3) comfort with basic as opposed to detailed neurological examination, and (4) comfort with non-neurological diseases. Themes relevant to diagnostic decision making in the ED included: (1) cognitive biases, (2) ED system/environmental issues, (3) patient barriers, (4) comfort with diagnostic uncertainty, and (5) concerns regarding diagnostic error identification and measurement. Most participating EM physicians were enthusiastic about the potential for well-designed CDS to improve diagnostic accuracy for non-specific neurological complaints. CONCLUSIONS Physicians identified diagnostic challenges unique to neurological diseases as well as issues related more generally to diagnostic accuracy in EM. These physician-reported issues should be accounted for when designing interventions to improve ED diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava L Liberman
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie T Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin W Friedman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Khadean Moncrieffe
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daniel L Labovitz
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Alemán MJ, Nematollahi S, Berkowitz AL. Expanding Global Access to Neurology Education. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:1173-1174. [PMID: 34398187 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María J Alemán
- Universidad Francisco Marroquin School of Medicine, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Saman Nematollahi
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron L Berkowitz
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California
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Moxham BJ, Brenner E, Plaisant O, Pais D, Stabile I, Scholz M, Paulsen F, Bueno-López JL, Reblet C, Arráez-Aybar LA, Sotgiu MA, Arsic S, Lignier B, Arantes M, Stephens S, Chirculescu ARM. The attitudes of European medical students towards the clinical importance of neuroanatomy. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151832. [PMID: 34536539 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The attitudes of medical students towards the clinical importance of neuroanatomy have been little studied. Because it has been reported that medical students find neuroanatomy difficult and can have 'neurophobia', here we test the hypothesis that early-stage medical students across Europe have a low regard for neuroanatomy's clinical relevance. The work was conducted under the auspices of the Trans-European Pedagogic Research Group (TEPARG), with just over 1500 students from 12 European medical schools providing responses to a survey (52% response rate) that assessed their attitudes using Thurstone and Chave methodologies. Regardless of the university surveyed, and of the teaching methods employed for neuroanatomy, our findings were not consistent with our hypothesis. However, the students had a less favourable opinion of neuroanatomy's importance compared to gross anatomy; although their attitudes were more positive than previously reported for histology and embryology. The extent to which neuroanatomy plays a significant role in the early years of medical education is moot. Nevertheless, we conclude that in addition to newly recruited medical students being informed of the subject's role in a healthcare profession, we advocate the use of modern imaging technologies to enhance student understanding and motivation and cognisance of the core syllabus for the subject being developed by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard John Moxham
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
| | - Erich Brenner
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Odile Plaisant
- University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, URDIA, EA 4465 Paris, France
| | - Diogo Pais
- NOVA Medical School Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campo dos Martires da Patria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Stabile
- Department of Anatomy, University of Malta, Tal Qroqq, Msida, Malta
| | - Michael Scholz
- Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 19, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 19, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - José Luis Bueno-López
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Nursing, The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Campus of Leioa, Bº Sarriena S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Concepción Reblet
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Nursing, The University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Campus of Leioa, Bº Sarriena S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Luis-Alfonso Arráez-Aybar
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Alessandra Sotgiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stojanka Arsic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Baptiste Lignier
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Psychologie Médicale (LPPM-EA 4452), Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Pole AAFE, Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mavilde Arantes
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Shiby Stephens
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Andy R M Chirculescu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, C. Davila University, Bucharest, Romania
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Gottlieb-Smith R, Gelb DJ, Becker B, Dymm B, Gutgsell O, Patel N, Balmer DF. Longitudinal Qualitative Study of Career Decision-making of First-Year Medical Students: Why Neurology (or Not)? Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11:e387-e396. [PMID: 34484935 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective The growing shortage of neurologists is in part due to suboptimal recruitment. Little is known about students' decision making regarding a career in neurology, particularly early in training. Using a longitudinal qualitative approach, we aimed to understand factors that influence first-year medical students' decisions about neurology. Methods We conducted 1-on-1 semistructured interviews with 15 first-year medical students at 1 institution before and after the preclinical neurology course (2018-2019). In the first interview, we asked about career intentions, factors likely to influence specialty choice, and perceptions of neurology. In the second interview, we asked about changes in students' views over the year. Using thematic analysis, we generated codes and clustered coded data into themes. Results The 2 most prominent factors influencing career choice in general were lifestyle and personal interest. No students expressed concerns about lifestyle in neurology. Most students were neutral about neurology or had a positive personal interest, which typically increased after the neurology course. Students frequently worried about content difficulty and the curative potential of neurology. Conclusions Interventions should include early education about the factors important to students in determining specialty choice, including lifestyle, and address potentially negative perceptions of neurology. Increasing time allotment to the preclinical neurology course may combat perception of the content as difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gottlieb-Smith
- Department of Pediatrics (RG-S, NP), and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan (DJG, BB, BD, OG), Ann Arbor; and Department of Pediatrics (DFB), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Douglas J Gelb
- Department of Pediatrics (RG-S, NP), and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan (DJG, BB, BD, OG), Ann Arbor; and Department of Pediatrics (DFB), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Department of Pediatrics (RG-S, NP), and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan (DJG, BB, BD, OG), Ann Arbor; and Department of Pediatrics (DFB), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Braydon Dymm
- Department of Pediatrics (RG-S, NP), and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan (DJG, BB, BD, OG), Ann Arbor; and Department of Pediatrics (DFB), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Olivia Gutgsell
- Department of Pediatrics (RG-S, NP), and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan (DJG, BB, BD, OG), Ann Arbor; and Department of Pediatrics (DFB), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Namrata Patel
- Department of Pediatrics (RG-S, NP), and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan (DJG, BB, BD, OG), Ann Arbor; and Department of Pediatrics (DFB), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Dorene F Balmer
- Department of Pediatrics (RG-S, NP), and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan (DJG, BB, BD, OG), Ann Arbor; and Department of Pediatrics (DFB), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Hervás C, Somovilla A, Gago-Veiga AB, Alonso J, Del Arco C, Vivancos J, Quintas S. Headache History-Taking in an Emergency Department: Impact Evaluation of a Training Session. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 22:1864-1869. [PMID: 33769531 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Headache represents about 25% of the total neurological consultations at the emergency department (ED). Up to 80% of these consultations are represented by primary headaches, in which an accurate and directed history-taking may help reach the specific diagnosis avoiding unnecessary complementary tests and reducing diagnostic latencies. METHODS We carried out a training session on headache management at the ED, focusing on history-taking and primary headaches' diagnoses and management. We retrospectively compared the number of variables included in the medical reports and the percentage of patients who were diagnosed and/or treated for a primary headache between two months before and two months after the training session. RESULTS A total of 369 medical histories were analyzed for this study (196 before and 173 after the training session). The number of essential variables regarding pain characteristics included in the medical reports showed a post-intervention increment from 4.34 ± 1.224 to 4.67 ± 1.079 (P = .007) and the number of total items registered also increased from 6.87 ± 1.982 to 7.53 ± 1.686 (P = 0.001). The percentage of patients that were given a specific diagnosis for primary headache showed an increment of 11.8% (P = .002) in the post-intervention group. CONCLUSION Educational interventions can improve history-taking in headache patients in the ED. This fact grants them as potential efficient measures to optimize patient management at Emergency Room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hervás
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Somovilla
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Gago-Veiga
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Alonso
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Del Arco
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Vivancos
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Quintas
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Exploring the key factors behind neurophobia: A systematic review of the English, Spanish and Portuguese literature. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Edwards-Bailey A, Ktayen H, Solomou G, Bligh E, Boyle A, Gharooni AA, Lim GHT, Varma A, Standring S, Santarius T, Fountain D. A survey of teaching undergraduate neuroanatomy in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Br J Neurosurg 2021; 36:52-57. [PMID: 33829953 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2021.1902942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students' perception of neuroanatomy as a challenging topic has implications for referrals and interaction with specialists in the clinical neurosciences. Given plans to introduce a standardised Medical Licensing Assessment by 2023, it is important to understand the current framework of neuroanatomy education. This study aims to describe how neuroanatomy is taught and assessed in the UK and Ireland. METHODS A structured questionnaire capturing data about the timing, methods, materials, assessment and content of the 2019/2020 neuroanatomy curriculum in the UK and Ireland medical schools. RESULTS We received 24/34 responses. Lectures (96%) were the most widely used teaching method, followed by prosection (80%), e-learning (75%), tutorials/seminars (67%), problem-based learning (50%), case-based learning (38%), and dissection (30%). The mean amount of core neuroanatomy teaching was 29.3 hours. The most common formats of assessing neuroanatomical knowledge were multiple-choice exams, spot tests, and objective structured clinical exams. Only 37.5% schools required demonstration of core clinical competency relating to neuroanatomy. CONCLUSIONS Our survey demonstrates variability in how undergraduate neuroanatomy is taught and assessed across the UK and Ireland. There is a role for development and standardisation of national undergraduate neuroanatomy curricula in order to improve confidence and attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Edwards-Bailey
- Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Howra Ktayen
- Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Solomou
- Keele University School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Bligh
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Abbey Boyle
- Leeds School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Aref-Ali Gharooni
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guan Hui Tricia Lim
- University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adithya Varma
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Susan Standring
- Department of Anatomy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Santarius
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Fountain
- Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Javaid MA, Schellekens H, Cryan JF, Toulouse A. eNEUROANAT-CF: a Conceptual Instructional Design Framework for Neuroanatomy e-Learning Tools. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2021; 31:777-785. [PMID: 34457925 PMCID: PMC8368470 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-01149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In an era which is witnessing a significant rise in incidence of neurological diseases, there is also a rise in neurophobia: the diminished confidence of clinical practitioners and students to manage patients with neurological conditions. In this context, the perceived nexus between neuroanatomy-phobia (the challenges and fear associated with learning neuroanatomy) and neurophobia highlighted the need to revisit the neuroanatomy pedagogies and their instructional designs. e-Learning can be effectively employed to enhance students' learning of neuroanatomy. This perspective describes a conceptual framework for online neuroanatomy learning (e-neuroanatomy learning conceptual framework (eNEUROANAT-CF)), which provides a theoretical grounding to newly developed neuroanatomy e-learning resources, by offering a set of instructional design principles. The framework is rooted in the theories of adult learning, cognitive load, and Mayer's theory of multimedia learning. eNEUROANAT-CF was validated by imparting user opinion regarding the best perceived instructional design features for learning neuroanatomy. Furthermore, it was effectively employed to inform the pedagogical construct of an e-tool to help students learn the spinal pathways. The perspective highlights the theoretical underpinnings of the eNEUROANAT-CF under seven categories, namely "avoidance of cognitive overload," "learning style preferences," "contextualization," "motivation," "social learning," "feedback/reflection," and "active learning." In addition, elaborative examples are provided, which explains how eNEUROANAT-CF informed the instructional design features of the abovementioned e-tool. The authors propose that any novel, interactive neuroanatomy e-learning resource rooted in the instructional design principles outlined by the eNEUROANAT-CF will improve users' learning and understanding of neuroanatomy. The research shows promise to help break the perceived nexus between neuroanatomy-phobia and neurophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim Javaid
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Ln, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ UK
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - André Toulouse
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Carvalho V, Moro E. Setting and outcomes in neurology teaching: Where should teaching be addressed? Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1100-1101. [PMID: 33421227 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Carvalho
- Department of Neurology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos/Hospital de Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Elena Moro
- Division of Neurology, CHU of Grenoble, Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
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McGovern E, Louapre C, Cassereau J, Flamand-Roze C, Corsetti E, Jegatheesan P, Bendetowicz D, Giron C, Dunoyer M, Villain N, Renaud MC, Sauleau P, Michel L, Vérin M, Worbe Y, Falissard B, Roze E. NeuroQ: A neurophobia screening tool assesses how roleplay challenges neurophobia. J Neurol Sci 2021; 421:117320. [PMID: 33518377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurophobia is a chronic disease of medical students and junior doctors. Early detection is needed to facilitate prevention and management as this fear can negatively impact patient care. METHODS We conducted a two-part mono-centric study at the faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, in Paris. Part one: a cross-sectional study to validate a newly constructed neurophobia scale, NeuroQ. Part two: a prospective longitudinal study to assess the impact of The Move on student neurophobia using NeuroQ. A population-based sample of second-year medical students of the 2019 and 2020 class of the Faculty of Medicine of Sorbonne University were invited to participate. RESULTS NeuroQ incorporates the main themes of the neurophobia definition and demonstrates uni-dimensionality. Three hundred and ninety-five medical students participated in the study (mean age was 20.0 years, SD: 2.1 years) assessing the effect of The Move teaching on neurophobia. Two hundred and eighty-eight (72.9%) students were female. After the Move teaching the mean NeuroQ score was significantly lower compared to the baseline NeuroQ score (mean [SD] variation, -1.1 [2.6], p < 0.001). There was a 22.3% relative reduction in the number of neurophobic students after The Move teaching. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the utility of NeuroQ in assessing (i) baseline neurophobia and (ii) the impact of pre-clinical educational interventions on neurophobia. Furthermore, we have shown the importance of pre-clinical educational interventions, such as The Move, in tackling neurophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eavan McGovern
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, France; INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France.
| | - Céline Louapre
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, France; INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France
| | - Julien Cassereau
- Université d'Angers, Faculté de Médecine, Angers, France; Hôpital Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Elise Corsetti
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | | | - David Bendetowicz
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, France; INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France
| | - Camille Giron
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Margaux Dunoyer
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Nicolas Villain
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, France; INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France
| | | | - Paul Sauleau
- Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Département de Neurologie, Rennes, France; Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes, équipe EA4712, Rennes, France
| | - Laure Michel
- Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Département de Neurologie, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Vérin
- Hôpital Universitaire de Rennes, Département de Neurologie, Rennes, France; Institut des Neurosciences Cliniques de Rennes, équipe EA4712, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne Université, France; INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service de Neurophysiologie, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Falissard
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Santé Publique, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, France; INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau, Paris, France
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25
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Perrenoud M. Assessing neurophobia: A good move. J Neurol Sci 2021; 421:117323. [PMID: 33509599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Perrenoud
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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26
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Martins IP, Fonseca AC, Pires L, Ferro JM. Undergraduate neurology teaching: Comparison of an inpatient versus outpatient clinical setting. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:1108-1112. [PMID: 33314445 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurology is often perceived as a difficult discipline by medical students, yet it is an essential part of medical training. While the most common disorders of the nervous system can be observed in the outpatient setting, positive neurological signs are more likely to be found in neurology wards. We aimed to compare the impact of a neurology outpatient versus inpatient rotation setting on the grades obtained by medical students as a proxy measure of the learning outcomes. METHODS We compared the results obtained by fourth year medical students in practical (OSCE) and multiple choice question (MCQ) exams in neurology, between students whose main (total of 24 h contact) teaching allocation was either the outpatient or inpatient setting, controlling for students' gender, teacher, academic year and student' previous achievement (measured by their scores on practical evaluation). RESULTS A total of 1127 students were included, of whom 644 (57.14%) were allocated mainly to the neurology ward and 483 (42.86%) to the outpatient clinic. Students assigned to the ward obtained significantly higher grades in the OSCE and MCQ exams than those placed in the outpatient clinic. Teaching setting was an independent predictor of both classifications after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The teaching setting had a significant impact on the learning outcomes. This may be due to a higher likelihood of observing abnormal neurological signs or to more student-centered teaching on the ward. These results highlight the importance of a balanced distribution of students by different clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pavão Martins
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Fonseca
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pires
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M Ferro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Rezende AB, de Oliveira AGF, Vale TC, Teixeira LAS, Lima ARA, Lucchetti ALG, Lucchetti G, Tibiriçá SHC, Ezequiel OS. Comparison of Team-Based Learning versus Traditional Lectures in Neuroanatomy: Medical Student Knowledge and Satisfaction. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2020; 13:591-601. [PMID: 31626726 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuroanatomy is often considered a difficult subject to teach, due to its broad scope, multitude of terms, and high degree of complexity. Thus, newer educational strategies that facilitate learning while also stimulating students by allowing increased student autonomy and group discussions should be carefully considered. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of introducing team-based learning (TBL) in the traditional discipline of neuroanatomy and to measure student knowledge acquisition and perception relative to traditional lectures (TL). A quasi-experimental, nonrandomized study was performed using two consecutive TBL classes (intervention group, n = 157 students, 25% content using TBL) with a TL class (control group, n = 76). Team-based learning sessions included all stages according to the classic description of the method. Student knowledge acquisition was assessed in regularly scheduled tests during the discipline, and their perception regarding TBL was evaluated using a questionnaire (developed by the authors). The groups presented a similar sociodemographic profile (sex and age) and the same performance in another anatomy discipline before the study. Team-based learning was significantly associated with greater acceptance, higher motivation, better student perception, and feelings that the methodology was able to integrate clinical and basic sciences. Nevertheless, according to tests, knowledge acquisition was similar between the TBL and lectures. In conclusion, since TBL is comparable to TL for knowledge acquisition, TBL seems to be a promising strategy to improve the teaching of neuroanatomy in medical schools. It fosters group discussions and increases satisfaction and the perception of integration between clinical and basic sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Rezende
- Department of Anatomy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Department of Medical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago C Vale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Luciana A S Teixeira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Alba R A Lima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Alessandra L G Lucchetti
- Department of Medical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Department of Medical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Sandra H C Tibiriçá
- Department of Medical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Oscarina S Ezequiel
- Department of Medical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Medina M, Lee D, Garza DM, Goldwaser EL, Truong TT, Apraku A, Cosgrove J, Cooper JJ. Neuroimaging Education in Psychiatry Residency Training: Needs Assessment. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2020; 44:311-315. [PMID: 31853858 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-019-01156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors investigated the attitudes, self-perceived knowledge, and the need for a dedicated neuroimaging curriculum among psychiatrists-in-training. METHODS An anonymous voluntary 20-item Web-based survey was distributed to psychiatry residents at seven university-based USA programs between December 2017 and February 2019. RESULTS Of 302 psychiatry residents, 183 (response rate, 60.5%) completed the survey. Although a large majority of residents (83%) believed that neuroradiology education is important to psychiatric training, only 7% reported that they are receiving adequate training in this discipline. The majority (80%) believed that there should be a formal neuroimaging curriculum during their training. Self-perceived competence and comfort level was found to be low with several psychiatrically relevant neuroimaging modalities. In particular, regarding CT head/brain MRI, there was a marked difference in self-perceived competence at interpreting the actual brain images (8%) versus the radiological reports/impression summaries (48%). Comfort level with functional neuroimaging was especially low (7%). Clinically, only 26% reported confidence at being able to explain neuroimaging topics to patients. Compared to junior residents, senior residents rated higher confidence at interpreting the radiological reports/impression summaries of CT head/brain MRI (p = 0.008) and PET/SPECT (p = 0.014), but no difference was found with the actual brain images. Further, senior residents were less likely to identify with "neurophobia" (p = 0.028) and more likely to believe that a neuroimaging curriculum should be included in psychiatric residency training (p = 0.027) when compared to junior residents. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatrists-in-training have a very strong interest in neuroimaging education. Future educational interventions should address this need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Lee
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Javaid MA, Schellekens H, Cryan JF, Toulouse A. Evaluation of Neuroanatomy Web Resources for Undergraduate Education: Educators' and Students' Perspectives. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2020; 13:237-249. [PMID: 31095897 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of novel teaching strategies and the abundance of adjunct teaching web resources, students and early career physicians have continuously reported difficulties in learning and clinically applying neuroanatomy. Differences in instructional design of these resources, the lack of assessment of their capacity to meet intended educational goals, and a poor understanding of the user's perspective may have hindered their success in increasing understanding and retention of neuroanatomical knowledge. To decipher the limitations of existing web resources, an online search for neuroanatomy web resources was performed and distilled through a strict filtration rubric. A selection of resources were analyzed by a panel of educators and rated using Likert scales, focusing on the identification of features influencing their usefulness in learning the anatomy of the spinal pathways. The top three ranked web resources were subsequently evaluated by a panel of medical and neuroscience students to assess how specific features aided in their learning of the subject. This detailed analysis has identified features of neuroanatomy web resources that are valued by both educators and users with regard to instructional design. One resource was rated highest by end users and educators on a series of Likert scale questions in terms of clarity of explanation, step-wise teaching design, summarization of information, control of instructional-pace, integration with neurophysiology, neuroradiology and clinical correlates, deployment of a wide array of pedagogical tools, and factors for visualizing neuroanatomical inter-relationships. These results have provided a novel user perspective on the influence of specific elements of neuroanatomy web resources to improve instructional design and enhance learner performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - André Toulouse
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Morrish P, Duncan S, Cock H. Epilepsy deaths: Learning from health service delivery and trying to reduce risk. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 103:106473. [PMID: 31668578 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two recent UK reports have highlighted data of concern in relation to potentially preventable epilepsy deaths. Public Health England, an executive agency of the Government Department of Health, using National Health Service data from 2001 to 2014 reported a rise in direct age-standardised mortality for epilepsy-associated deaths, in contrast to a reduction in all-cause deaths over the same period. Premature death was seen in people aged below 50 years, especially in men, and where epilepsy was a contributory cause rather than an association. The Scottish Epilepsy Deaths Study, analysing deaths between 2009 and 2016, similarly found death in those with epilepsy was significantly higher than the matched population below the age of 54, especially between the ages of 16 and 24 (6 times higher). Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy accounted for 38% of epilepsy-related deaths under the age of 45. Both studies found a strong relationship between risk of death and deprivation; we discuss the implications of these and other data for planning service delivery and improving epilepsy care. This paper is for the Special Issue: Prevent 21: SUDEP Summit - Time to Listen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Duncan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh EH9 1UW, UK
| | - Hannah Cock
- St George's, University of London SW17 0RE, UK; Atkinson Morley Regional Epilepsy Network, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK.
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31
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Waqar M, Wilcock J, Garner J, Davies B, Kotter M. Quantitative analysis of medical students' and physicians' knowledge of degenerative cervical myelopathy. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e028455. [PMID: 31932384 PMCID: PMC7044983 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously identified a delay in general practitioner (GP) referrals for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an education gap existed for DCM along the GP training pathway by quantitatively assessing training in, and knowledge of, this condition. DESIGN Gap analysis: comparison of DCM to other conditions. Comparators selected on the basis of similar presentation/epidemiology (multiple sclerosis), an important spinal emergency (cauda equina syndrome) and a common disease (diabetes mellitus). SUBJECTS Medical students, foundation doctors and GP trainees. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Assessment of training: quantitative comparison of references to DCM in curricula (undergraduate/postgraduate) and commonly used textbooks (Oxford Handbook Series), to other conditions using modal ranks. (2) Assessment of knowledge: using standardised questions placed in an online question-bank (Passmedicine). Results were presented relative to the question-bank mean (+/-). RESULTS DCM had the lowest modal rank of references to the condition in curricula analysis and second lowest modal rank in textbook analysis. In knowledge analysis questions were attempted 127 457 times. Performance for DCM questions in themes of presentation (+6.1%), workup (+0.1%) and management (+1.8%) were all greater than the question-bank mean and within one SD. For students and junior trainees, there was a serial decrease in performance from presentation and workup (-0.7% to +10.4% relative to question-bank mean) and management (-0.6% to -3.9% relative to question-bank mean). CONCLUSIONS Although infrequently cited in curricula and learning resources, knowledge relating to DCM was above average. However, knowledge relating to its management was relatively poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueez Waqar
- Academic Neurosurgery, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Wilcock
- Department of Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jayne Garner
- Department of Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Department of Clinical Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Kotter
- Department of Clinical Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Ann McLaren Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Sotgiu MA, Mazzarello V, Bandiera P, Madeddu R, Montella A, Moxham B. Neuroanatomy, the Achille's Heel of Medical Students. A Systematic Analysis of Educational Strategies for the Teaching of Neuroanatomy. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2020; 13:107-116. [PMID: 30702219 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroanatomy has been deemed crucial for clinical neurosciences. It has been one of the most challenging parts of the anatomical curriculum and is one of the causes of "neurophobia," whose main implication is a negative influence on the choice of neurology in the near future. In the last decades, several educational strategies have been identified to improve the skills of students and to promote a deep learning. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify the most effective method/s to teach human neuroanatomy. The search was restricted to publications written in English language and to articles describing teaching tools in undergraduate medical courses from January 2006 through December 2017. The primary outcome was the observation of improvement of anatomical knowledge in undergraduate medical students. Secondary outcomes were the amelioration of long-term retention knowledge and the grade of satisfaction of students. Among 18 selected studies, 44.4% have used three-dimensional (3D) teaching tools, 16.6% near peer teaching tool, 5.55% flipped classroom tool, 5.55% applied neuroanatomy elective course, 5.55% equivalence-based instruction-rote learning, 5.55% mobile augmented reality, 5.55% inquiry-based clinical case, 5.55% cadaver dissection, and 5.55% Twitter. The high in-between study heterogeneity was the main issue to identify the most helpful teaching tool to improve neuroanatomical knowledge among medical students. Data from this study suggest that a combination of multiple pedagogical resources seems to be the more advantageous for teaching neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alessandra Sotgiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Bandiera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bernard Moxham
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Medical education is the understanding of how medical knowledge is taught and practiced and encompasses not just medical students, but resident trainees, colleagues, and the community. While there is a growing emphasis in medicine on “clinician-educators,” neurology training has only slowly developed formal opportunities in medical education. Here we highlight the current opportunities in residency and beyond, and explore options for further medical education infrastructure within neurology.
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34
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Cumberland DM, Sawning S, Church-Nally M, Shaw MA, Branch E, LaFaver K. Experiential Learning: Transforming Theory into Practice through the Parkinson's Disease Buddy Program. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2019; 31:453-465. [PMID: 30860904 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2019.1580583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Problem: Persons over age 65 constitute a large proportion of patients presenting for healthcare services; therefore, physicians must be prepared to provide care to patients that face degenerative neurological diseases. Medical students can have difficulty identifying and caring for older patients with neurological difficulties, and often perceive neurology to be a challenging specialty. Medical education service-learning programming that engages community members and medical students, while fostering specialized neurology training, may help improve care for this patient population. Intervention: We developed the Parkinson's Disease Buddy Program for first year medical students (M1s), which involved pairing students with patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) to engage in a social relationship. Students attended monthly seminars covering a range of topics specific to PD patient care and met with their PD buddies throughout the year. A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the program and involved pre/post assessments, as well as focus groups with both students and patients. Context: The University of Louisville's School of Medicine and College of Education implemented this volunteer service-learning program for students by partnering with a locally based nonprofit, dedicated to serving PD patients. A total of 70 (35 M1s and 35 PD patients) participated. Outcome: Students' total correct PD knowledge scores significantly increased after participation with a large effect size (pre-test mean = 14.77, [SD = 2.57]; post-test mean = 19.69 [SD = 2.06], Cohen's d = 1.64) and a paired t-test indicated a significant change in students' Parkinson's Attitude Scale scores (t (34) = 2.22, p < .05). Ninety-one percent of students (31) indicated they would recommend the program and 82% (29) indicated they would participate again. During focus groups, students reflected on the relationships they formed with their buddies, indicating the program provided a support system while helping them learn about PD. Patients indicated the program expanded their social circle and meetings with M1s were beneficial. Lessons Learned: An experiential learning opportunity can help medical students become better acquainted with patients living with a neurological disease. We identified an impact on PD patients' self-efficacy and social behavior that was not originally expected. We learned the importance of incorporating active learning modalities such as PD buddy panels and peer-to peer group discussions. The resources required to implement programs like ours can be lightened by engaging with local community partners and collaborating within and outside departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Cumberland
- a Educational Leadership, Evaluation, & Organizational Development, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Susan Sawning
- b Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Megan Church-Nally
- c Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
| | - Monica Ann Shaw
- b Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Louisville School of Medicine , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Erika Branch
- d Parkinson Support Center of Kentuckiana , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
| | - Kathrin LaFaver
- e Department of Neurology, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA
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Shalev D, Jacoby N. Neurology Training for Psychiatry Residents: Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2019; 43:89-95. [PMID: 29777396 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-018-0932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shalev
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nuri Jacoby
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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36
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Weldon M, Poyade M, Martin JL, Sharp L, Martin D. Using Interactive 3D Visualisations in Neuropsychiatric Education. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1138:17-27. [PMID: 31313255 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14227-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with a global prevalence of 2-3%. OCD can have an enormous impact on the lives of those with the disorder, with some studies suggesting suicidal ideation is present in over 50% of individuals with OCD, and other data showing a significant number of individuals attempt suicide. It is therefore important that individuals with OCD receive the best possible treatment. A greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders among professionals and future clinicians can lead to improved treatment. However, data suggests that many students and clinicians experience "neurophobia", a lack of knowledge or confidence in cases involving the nervous system. In addition, research suggests that the relationship many students have with neurological conditions deteriorates over time, and can persist into practice.If individuals living with conditions such as OCD are to receive the best possible treatment, it is crucial that those administering care are equipped with a thorough understanding of such disorders. While research has shown that the use of interactive 3D models can improve anatomy education and more specifically neurology education, the efficacy of using of such models to engage with neuropsychiatric conditions, specifically OCD, has not been assessed. This study seeks to address this gap.In this study an interactive application for Android devices was designed using standardised software engineering methods in order to improve neuropsychiatry literacy by empowering self-pace learning through interactive 3D visualisations and animations of the neural circuitry involved in OCD. A pilot test and a usability assessment were conducted among five postgraduate life science students. Findings relating to user experience were promising, and pre-test vs. post-test evaluation suggested encouraging outcomes regarding the effectiveness of the application in improving the knowledge and understanding of OCD. In short, this study suggests that interactive 3D visualisations can improve neuropsychiatry education. For this reason, more efforts should be made to construct similar applications in order to ensure patients always receive the best possible care. Fig. 2.1 A diagrammatic representation of the CSTC circuit, based on a similar diagram by Robertson et al. (2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Weldon
- School of Simulation & Visualisation, Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, UK. .,Anatomy Facility, School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Matthieu Poyade
- School of Simulation & Visualisation, Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julie Langan Martin
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, College of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Sharp
- Digital Education Unit, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Hilton B, Tempest-Mitchell J, Davies B, Kotter M. Assessment of degenerative cervical myelopathy differs between specialists and may influence time to diagnosis and clinical outcomes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207709. [PMID: 30557368 PMCID: PMC6296508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy [DCM] often presents with non-specific symptoms and signs. It progresses insidiously and leads to permanent neurological dysfunction. Decompressive surgery can halt disease progression, however significant delays in diagnosis result in increased disability and limit recovery. The nature of early DCM symptoms is unknown, moreover it has been suggested incomplete examination contributes to missed diagnosis. This study examines how DCM is currently assessed, if assessment differs between stages of healthcare, and whether this influences patient management. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Cervical MRI scans (N = 1123) at a tertiary neurosciences center, over a single year, were screened for patients with DCM (N = 43). Signs, symptoms, and disease severity of DCM were extracted from patient records. Patients were considered at 3 phases of clinical assessment: primary care, secondary care, and surgical assessment. RESULTS Upper limb paraesthesia and urinary dysfunction were consistently the most and least prevalent symptoms respectively. Differences between assessing clinicians were present in the reporting of: limb pain (p<0.005), objective limb weakness (p = 0.01), hyperreflexia (p<0.005), Hoffmann reflex (p<0.005), extensor plantar reflex (p = 0.007), and lower limb spasticity (p<0.005). Pathological reflexes were least frequently assessed by primary care doctors. CONCLUSION DCM assessment varies significantly between assessors. Reporting of key features of DCM is especially low in primary care. Incomplete assessment may hinder early diagnosis and referral to spinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Hilton
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin Davies
- Academic Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Kotter
- Academic Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Kumar VD. Curing Neurophobia: A Feasible Suggestion for Low-resource Settings. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018; 21:334-335. [PMID: 30532372 PMCID: PMC6238556 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_204_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Tan K, Chin HX, Yau CWL, Lim ECH, Samarasekera D, Ponnamperuma G, Tan NCK. Evaluating a bedside tool for neuroanatomical localization with extended-matching questions. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2018; 11:262-269. [PMID: 28941011 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroanatomical localization (NL) is a key skill in neurology, but learners often have difficulty with it. This study aims to evaluate a concise NL tool (NLT) developed to help teach and learn NL. To evaluate the NLT, an extended-matching questions (EMQ) test to assess NL was designed and validated. The EMQ was validated with fourth-year medical students and internal medicine and neurology residents. The NLT's usability was evaluated with third- and fourth-year students, and the effectiveness was evaluated with an experimental study of second-year students, using the EMQ as the outcome measure. Students were taught how to use both the NLT and textbook algorithms (control) to perform NL, then randomized into either group, and only allowed to use their assigned tool to complete the EMQ. Primary outcome was the difference in mean EMQ scores expressed as a percentage of total score. For EMQ validation, students (n = 56) scored lower than residents (n = 50) (76.7% ± 1.7 vs. 83.0% ± 1.6; mean ± standard error of mean, P < 0.009). The EMQ demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's α 0.85) and generalizability (G-coefficient 0.85). Third- (n = 77) and fourth-year (n = 42) students found the NLT user-friendly and helpful in their learning of NL. In the experimental study, scores were significantly higher for NLT group (n = 94) than for controls (n = 101) (42.5 vs. 37.0%, P = 0.014); the effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.36. The EMQ is validated to reliably assess NL and is generalizable, feasible, practical, and of low cost. The concise and user-friendly NLT for NL was effective in aiding medical student performance of NL. Anat Sci Educ 11: 262-269. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tan
- Office of Neurological Education, Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Xin Chin
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine W L Yau
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erle C H Lim
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dujeepa Samarasekera
- Centre for Medical Education, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gominda Ponnamperuma
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Nigel C K Tan
- Office of Neurological Education, Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Ekstrand C, Jamal A, Nguyen R, Kudryk A, Mann J, Mendez I. Immersive and interactive virtual reality to improve learning and retention of neuroanatomy in medical students: a randomized controlled study. CMAJ Open 2018; 6:E103-E109. [PMID: 29510979 PMCID: PMC5878950 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20170110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial 3-dimensional understanding of the brain is essential to learning neuroanatomy, and 3-dimensional learning techniques have been proposed as tools to enhance neuroanatomy training. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of immersive virtual-reality neuroanatomy training and compare it to traditional paper-based methods. METHODS In this randomized controlled study, participants consisted of first- or second-year medical students from the University of Saskatchewan recruited via email and posters displayed throughout the medical school. Participants were randomly assigned to the virtual-reality group or the paper-based group and studied the spatial relations between neural structures for 12 minutes after performing a neuroanatomy baseline test, with both test and control questions. A postintervention test was administered immediately after the study period and 5-9 days later. Satisfaction measures were obtained. RESULTS Of the 66 participants randomly assigned to the study groups, 64 were included in the final analysis, 31 in the virtual-reality group and 33 in the paper-based group. The 2 groups performed comparably on the baseline questions and showed significant performance improvement on the test questions following study. There were no significant differences between groups for the control questions, the postintervention test questions or the 7-day postintervention test questions. Satisfaction survey results indicated that neurophobia was decreased. INTERPRETATION Results from this study provide evidence that training in neuroanatomy in an immersive and interactive virtual-reality environment may be an effective neuroanatomy learning tool that warrants further study. They also suggest that integration of virtual-reality into neuroanatomy training may improve knowledge retention, increase study motivation and decrease neurophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Ekstrand
- Affiliations: Department of Psychology (Ekstrand); College of Medicine (Jamal, Nguyen, Kudryk, Mann, Mendez); Department of Neurosurgery (Mendez), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - Ali Jamal
- Affiliations: Department of Psychology (Ekstrand); College of Medicine (Jamal, Nguyen, Kudryk, Mann, Mendez); Department of Neurosurgery (Mendez), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - Ron Nguyen
- Affiliations: Department of Psychology (Ekstrand); College of Medicine (Jamal, Nguyen, Kudryk, Mann, Mendez); Department of Neurosurgery (Mendez), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - Annalise Kudryk
- Affiliations: Department of Psychology (Ekstrand); College of Medicine (Jamal, Nguyen, Kudryk, Mann, Mendez); Department of Neurosurgery (Mendez), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - Jennifer Mann
- Affiliations: Department of Psychology (Ekstrand); College of Medicine (Jamal, Nguyen, Kudryk, Mann, Mendez); Department of Neurosurgery (Mendez), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
| | - Ivar Mendez
- Affiliations: Department of Psychology (Ekstrand); College of Medicine (Jamal, Nguyen, Kudryk, Mann, Mendez); Department of Neurosurgery (Mendez), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask
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Shiels L, Majmundar P, Zywot A, Sobotka J, Lau CSM, Jalonen TO. Medical student attitudes and educational interventions to prevent neurophobia: a longitudinal study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 17:225. [PMID: 29162061 PMCID: PMC5698935 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-1055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an aging American population, the burden of neurologic disease is intensifying and the decline in neurology residents and practicing neurologists is leaving these patients helpless and unable to find care. 'Neurophobia', a chronic illness that begins early in medical school, has been identified as a cause for the low number of neurology residents. METHODS A longitudinal study surveyed medical students at the beginning of their first year (M1) and then again at the beginning of their second year (M2). Three neuroscience educational interventions were studied: team based learning (TBL), case based teaching (CBT), and problem based learning (PBL). Participants provided self-reported neurophobia levels, attitudes about neuroscience, and the effectiveness of educational interventions. RESULTS A total of 446 students during M1 and 206 students during M2 participated in the survey. A significant change in self-reported neurophobia (p = 0.035) was observed from 19% in M1 to 26% in M2. Neuroscience knowledge and confidence managing a neurologic condition also significantly increased (p < 0.001 and p = 0.038 respectively). Perceived interest, difficulty, and desire to pursue a career in neuroscience did not a change significantly. Majority of students perceived CBT (76%), TBL (56%), and PBL (66%) beneficial. Only CBT demonstrated a statistical difference (p = 0.026) when stratified by self-reported change in neurophobia. CONCLUSION An increase in neurophobia after completing a neuroscience was observed but the prevalence rate of 26% was lower than previous studies. Knowledge about neuroscience increased significantly and educational interventions were considered beneficial by students. Thus, interventions that increase knowledge and decrease neurophobia can lead to an increase in students pursuing neurology residencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Shiels
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Pratish Majmundar
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Aleksander Zywot
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ USA
| | - John Sobotka
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Christine S. M. Lau
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Tuula O. Jalonen
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
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Magin P, Tapley A, Davey A, Morgan S, Holliday E, Ball J, Wearne S, Henderson K, Catzikiris N, Mulquiney K, Spike N, Kerr R, van Driel M. General practitioner trainees' in-consultation generation of clinical questions for later answering: prevalence and associations. Fam Pract 2017; 34:599-605. [PMID: 28369454 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As well as generating patient-specific questions, patient consultations are a rich source of questions relating to clinicians' need to acquire or maintain wider clinical knowledge. This is especially so for GP trainees. OBJECTIVES To establish the prevalence and associations of GP trainees' generation of 'learning goals' (LGs: questions generated during clinical consultations for intended post-consultation answering). Also, to characterize the type of learning goals generated. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis (2010-15) of an ongoing cohort study of Australian GP trainees' consultations. Once each 6-month training term, trainees record detailed data of 60 consecutive consultations. The primary outcome was generation of an LG. Analysis was at the level of individual problem/diagnosis managed. The secondary outcome was the problems/diagnoses to which the LGs related. RESULTS One thousand one hundred and twenty-four trainees contributed data for 154746 consultations including 222307 problems/diagnoses. LGs were generated for 16.6% [95% confidence intervals (CI) = 16.4-16.7] of problems/diagnoses, in 22.1% (95% CI = 21.9-22.3%) of consultations. Associations of LGs included patient factors: younger age and having seen the trainee previously; trainee factors: earlier training stage, being overseas-trained and the trainee's training organization; consultation factors: longer duration, addressing a chronic disease, referring the patient, organizing follow-up, organizing investigations and accessing in-consultation information. LGs were commonly generated for skin (12.9% of all learning goals), musculoskeletal (12.7%) and respiratory (8.7%) problems. LGs were generated for 31.8% of male genital, 27.0% of neurological and 23.3% of eye problems. CONCLUSION Australian GP trainees frequently generate questions in-consultation to be pursued post-consultation. Prevalence, 'complexity' and familiarity of clinical topic area influenced LG generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker Magin
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Research and Evaluation Unit, GP Synergy, Mayfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Tapley
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Research and Evaluation Unit, GP Synergy, Mayfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Davey
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Research and Evaluation Unit, GP Synergy, Mayfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Morgan
- Elermore Vale General Practice, Elermore Vale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- Clinical Research Design IT and Statistical Support Unit (CReDITSS), Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jean Ball
- Clinical Research Design IT and Statistical Support Unit (CReDITSS), Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan Wearne
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Health Workforce Division, Department of Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kim Henderson
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Research and Evaluation Unit, GP Synergy, Mayfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel Catzikiris
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Research and Evaluation Unit, GP Synergy, Mayfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katie Mulquiney
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Research and Evaluation Unit, GP Synergy, Mayfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Spike
- Eastern Victoria GP Training, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohan Kerr
- General Practice Training Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mieke van Driel
- Discipline of General Practice, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Arantes M, Barbosa JM, Ferreira MA. Neuroanatomy education: The impact on perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of an intensive course on general practice residents. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2017; 10:465-474. [PMID: 28264141 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
General practitioners are responsible for the management of an increasing number of patients with neurological illness, and thus a solid education in neurosciences is a necessary component of their training. This study examines the effects of an intensive clinical neuroanatomy course on twenty general practice residents' perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge. A knowledge test was completed by the participants and by a control group at four different time points. The participants were asked to answer a questionnaire about their reasons for signing up for the course and their attitudes and perceptions toward the course experience. Experimental and control groups demonstrated identical mean baseline test scores. The experimental group significantly increased its test scores (plus 49.0% correct answers, a mean improvement of 120%) relative to controls after the educational intervention. There were no differences among scores from the evaluated time points after the educational intervention in the experimental group. In the control group, there were likewise no significant differences between the four evaluated time points. Most participants indicated that they signed up for the course to update/acquire knowledge and skills in the field of neurosciences, and also because they had difficulty in diagnosing and managing patients with neurological diseases. Participants' attitudes and perceptions toward the course experience were very positive. Most of the participants (n = 17; 85%) rated the course as "extremely useful," and 3 (15%) rated it as "very useful." This study provides evidence demonstrating the potential positive effect of neurosciences education to general practice residents. Anat Sci Educ 10: 465-474. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavilde Arantes
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joselina Maria Barbosa
- Department of Medical Education and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Amélia Ferreira
- Department of Medical Education and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Wloch A, Saryyeva A, Heissler HE, Schrader C, Capelle HH, Krauss JK. What Do Medical Students Know about Deep Brain Stimulation? Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2017; 95:125-132. [PMID: 28434004 DOI: 10.1159/000464254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for movement disorders. It is currently under investigation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurophobia is a common phenomenon that might have a negative impact in medical education. Little is known about medical students' knowledge about DBS when they enter university and what they learn about it during their medical formation. METHODS A 10-item questionnaire was designed. Questions addressed indications for DBS, costs of DBS, complications, the percentage of Parkinson disease (PD) patients who might profit from DBS, etc. Students at Hannover Medical School were asked to complete the questionnaire in the preclinical study period and in the last year of the study. RESULTS Comparing the "early group" (204 students) and the "advanced group" (162 students), there was a significant gain of knowledge. More common disorders such as PD and tremor were known to be indications for DBS. Knowledge about the impact of DBS on specific symptoms in PD and about DBS targets was limited in both groups. CONCLUSIONS DBS is partly known among medical students in the preclinical phase with a gain of knowledge during further study. Future studies on this topic addressing general practitioners as neurologists are needed to better understand why knowledge on DBS is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wloch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Ansakorpi H, Sumelahti ML, Kaasila R. Medical students' experience of emotions and success in neurological studies - What do they tell us? BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 17:68. [PMID: 28376787 PMCID: PMC5379665 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-0905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to develop effective educational experience in neurology to improve the students' skills in diagnosing and managing patients with neurological symptoms or disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the medical students' attitudes and emotions towards neurology before and after the four week clinical course at two Finnish Universities in order to find elements to improve effective learning by decreasing the emotional stress in medical studies. METHODS In this two-stage study, 58 medical students participated in an internet survey with open-ended questions after completing a clinical neurology course. In the content analysis of this survey 20 students (35%) were identified with negative anticipation towards neurology before undertaking the clinical neurology course. In the second phase of the study, the narrative analysis method was used to analyse the face-to-face interviews. Two of these interviews are described in this paper and represent cases who expressed negative emotions in both online survey and narrative interview. RESULTS According to the content analysis, the principal emotions that were experienced at the beginning of the clinical neurology course were insecurity about personal performance (n = 19, 95%) anxiety (n = 9, 45%) and fear (n = 6, 30%). During the course the combined negative emotions (insecurity, anxiety, and fear) decreased in 80% of students (16/20 cases), remained unchanged in 15% (3/20) and could not be evaluated in 1 (5%) case. The main reasons for the observed negative anticipation were the complexity of neurology and challenges in the interpretation of clinical findings. Based on content analysis and narratives, elements that were evaluated as the most significant contributors in reducing this included small group teaching with real patients, teachers' expertise and the increase in self-confidence. CONCLUSION Teaching with appropriate didactic methodology and feedback, and plenty of practical training can improve effective learning in neurology. We suggest that the pedagogic competence of the clinical teacher influences a student's motivation and proficiency and reduce stress in neurology-related learning tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ansakorpi
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, B.O.X. 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, B.O.X. 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Raimo Kaasila
- Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, B.O.X. 2000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Factors that impact medical student and house-staff career interest in brain related specialties. J Neurol Sci 2016; 369:312-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Roze E, Flamand-Roze C, Méneret A, Ruiz M, Le Liepvre H, Duguet A, Renaud MC, Alamowitch S, Steichen O. ‘The Move’, an innovative simulation-based medical education program using roleplay to teach neurological semiology: Students’ and teachers’ perceptions. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:289-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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McCarron MO. Structure of neuroscience clerkships in medical schools and matching in neuromedicine. Neurology 2016; 86:403-4. [DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000480465.24425.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Loftus AM, Wade C, McCarron MO. Primary care perceptions of neurology and neurology services. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:318-21. [DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abushouk AI, Duc NM. Curing neurophobia in medical schools: evidence-based strategies. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2016; 21:32476. [PMID: 27680578 PMCID: PMC5040837 DOI: 10.3402/meo.v21.32476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Medical students often perceive neurology as the most difficult medical specialty. This perception is described as 'neurophobia' in the medical literature. Several studies have cited poor teaching, complex examination, and separation of basic and clinical sciences as major factors in the development of neurophobia. These negative perceptions can have serious implications, such as decreasing the students' desire to consider neurology as a future career and increasing referrals from other specialists to avoid dealing with neurological conditions. Faced with increasing demands of healthcare systems and the global burden of neurological conditions, there is a rising need for further research and innovative strategies to improve students' perceptions of clinical neurology. This review discusses evidence-based recommendations and educational interventions to cure neurophobia in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Minh Duc
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;
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