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Lochhead JJ, Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. The role of oxidative stress in blood-brain barrier disruption during ischemic stroke: Antioxidants in clinical trials. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 228:116186. [PMID: 38561092 PMCID: PMC11410550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Occlusion and reperfusion of cerebral blood vessels (i.e., ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to brain cell death and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via oxidative stress. BBB disruption influences the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke by contributing to cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and extravasation of circulating neurotoxic proteins. An improved understanding of mechanisms for ROS-associated alterations in BBB function during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury can lead to improved treatment paradigms for ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, progress in developing ROS targeted therapeutics that are effective for stroke treatment has been slow. Here, we review how ROS are produced in response to I/R injury, their effects on BBB integrity (i.e., tight junction protein complexes, transporters), and the utilization of antioxidant treatments in ischemic stroke clinical trials. Overall, knowledge in this area provides a strong translational framework for discovery of novel drugs for stroke and/or improved strategies to mitigate I/R injury in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Lochhead
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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2
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Azuma R, Yamasaki T, Sano K, Mukai T. Detection of lipid radicals generated via cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury using a radiolabeled nitroxide probe. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:678-684. [PMID: 39303954 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species generated via reperfusion cause lipid damage and induce lipid peroxidation, leading to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and exacerbation of cerebral infarction. Lipid radicals are key molecules generated during lipid peroxidation. Therefore, understanding the spatiotemporal behavior of lipid radicals is important to improve the therapeutic outcomes of cerebral infarction. However, the behaviors of lipid radicals in the brain remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of radioactivity in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model using lipid radical detection probe [125I]1 to assess the behaviors of lipid radicals after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The tMCAO model administered [125I]1 exhibited significant differences in the timing and location of radioactivity accumulation between the ischemic and non-ischemic regions. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis identified the lipid radical adducts formed by the reaction of 1 with the lipid radicals generated after reperfusion. More adducts were detected in the ischemic region samples than in the non-ischemic region samples. Therefore, 1 successfully detected the lipid radicals generated after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of nuclear medical imaging using radiolabeled 1 to detect the lipid radicals generated after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Our approach can aid in the development of new therapeutic agents scavenging lipid radicals after cerebral reperfusion by facilitating the determination of therapeutic efficacy and optimal administration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Azuma
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
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3
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Delgado-Martín S, Martínez-Ruiz A. The role of ferroptosis as a regulator of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:2160-2173. [PMID: 38676284 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique form of cell death that was first described in 2012 and plays a significant role in various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions. It depends on a dysregulation of cellular iron metabolism, which increases free, redox-active, iron that can trigger Fenton reactions, generating hydroxyl radicals that damage cells through oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxides, resulting mainly from unsaturated fatty acids, damage cells by disrupting membrane integrity and propagating cell death signals. Moreover, lipid peroxide degradation products can further affect cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and amines. In ischemic stroke, where blood flow to the brain is restricted, there is increased iron absorption, oxidative stress, and compromised blood-brain barrier integrity. Imbalances in iron-transport and -storage proteins increase lipid oxidation and contribute to neuronal damage, thus pointing to the possibility of brain cells, especially neurons, dying from ferroptosis. Here, we review the evidence showing a role of ferroptosis in ischemic stroke, both in recent studies directly assessing this type of cell death, as well as in previous studies showing evidence that can now be revisited with our new knowledge on ferroptosis mechanisms. We also review the efforts made to target ferroptosis in ischemic stroke as a possible treatment to mitigate cellular damage and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Delgado-Martín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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4
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Zhang R, Liu G, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen G, Liu B, Ling Y, Wang Y, Li S. Safety and efficacy of GD-11 in patients with ischaemic stroke: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024:svn-2024-003338. [PMID: 39107097 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2024-003338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GD-11, a novel brain cytoprotective drug, was designed to be actively taken up and transported across the blood-brain barrier via the glucose transporter. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GD-11 for improving the recovery of patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). METHODS A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial was conducted at 15 clinical sites in China. Patients aged 18-80 years with AIS within 48 hours were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive 160 mg GD-11, 80 mg GD-11 and placebo, two times a day for 10 days. The primary endpoint was a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1 at 90 days after treatment. The safety outcome was any adverse events within 90 days. RESULTS From 17 November 2022 to 22 March 2023, a total of 80 patients in the 160 mg GD-11 group, 79 patients in the 80 mg GD-11 group and 80 patients in the placebo group were included. The proportion of an mRS score of 0-1 at day 90 was 77.5% in the 160 mg GD-11 group, 72.2% in the 80 mg GD-11 group and 67.5% in the placebo group. Though no significant difference was found (p=0.3671), a numerically higher proportion was observed in the GD-11 group, especially in the 160 mg GD-11 group. The incidence of adverse events was similar across the three groups (p=0.1992). CONCLUSION GD-11 was safe and well-tolerated. A dosage of GD-11 160 mg two times a day was recommended for a large trial to investigate the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Gaifen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bo Liu
- Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yun Ling
- Nanshi Hospital of Nangyang, Nanyang, Henan, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuya Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Kumari S, Dhapola R, Sharma P, Nagar P, Medhi B, HariKrishnaReddy D. The impact of cytokines in neuroinflammation-mediated stroke. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 78:105-119. [PMID: 39004599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is ranked as the third most common contributor to global mortality and disability. The involvement of inflammatory mechanisms, both peripherally and within the CNS, holds significance in the pathophysiological cascades following the initiation of stroke. After the onset of acute stroke, predominantly ischemic, a subsequent phase of neuroinflammation ensues. It is a dual-effect process that not only exacerbates injury, leading to cell death, but paradoxically, it also serves a shielding role in facilitating recovery. Cytokines serve as pivotal mediators within the inflammatory cascade, actively contributing to the progression of ischemic damage. Stroke is followed by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, etc. leading to the recruitment and stimulation of glial cells and peripheral leukocytes at the site of injury, promoting neuroinflammation. Cytokines can directly induce neuronal injury and death through various mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, HPA-axis activation, secretion of matrix metalloproteinase and apoptosis. They can also amplify the inflammatory response, leading to further neuronal damage. Therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating cytokine release, immune response and cytokine signalling or activity are being explored as potential interventions to mitigate neuroinflammation and its detrimental effects in stroke. In this review, we have given a concise summary of our current knowledge of the function of various cytokines, brain inflammation and various signalling and molecular pathways including JAK/STAT3, TGF-β/Smad, MAPK, HMGB1/TLR and NF-κB modulated cytokines regulation in stroke. Therapeutic agents such as MCC950, genistein, edaravone, minocycline, etc. targeting various cytokines-associated signalling pathways have shown efficacy in preclinical and clinical trials reducing the pathophysiology of the illness were also addressed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumari
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Rishika Dhapola
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Pushank Nagar
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Advanced Pharmacology and Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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Arnalich-Montiel A, Burgos-Santamaría A, Pazó-Sayós L, Quintana-Villamandos B. Comprehensive Management of Stroke: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5252. [PMID: 38791292 PMCID: PMC11120719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a challenging disease, which needs urgent comprehensive management. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), alone or combined with iv thrombolysis, is currently the most effective therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, only a limited number of patients are eligible for this time-sensitive treatment. Even though there is still significant room for improvement in the management of this group of patients, up until now there have been no alternative therapies approved for use in clinical practice. However, there is still hope, as clinical research with novel emerging therapies is now generating promising results. These drugs happen to stop or palliate some of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in cerebral ischemia and secondary brain damage. The aim of this review is to provide a deep understanding of these mechanisms and the pathogenesis of AIS. Later, we will discuss the potential therapies that have already demonstrated, in preclinical or clinical studies, to improve the outcomes of patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arnalich-Montiel
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón’s University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (B.Q.-V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Burgos-Santamaría
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón’s University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (B.Q.-V.)
| | - Laia Pazó-Sayós
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón’s University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (B.Q.-V.)
| | - Begoña Quintana-Villamandos
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón’s University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (B.Q.-V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Sanabria-Castro A, Alape-Girón A, Flores-Díaz M, Echeverri-McCandless A, Parajeles-Vindas A. Oxidative stress involvement in the molecular pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis: a literature review. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:355-371. [PMID: 38163257 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune debilitating disease of the central nervous system caused by a mosaic of interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The pathological hallmarks of MS are chronic inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress, a state of imbalance between the production of reactive species and antioxidant defense mechanisms, is considered one of the key contributors in the pathophysiology of MS. This review is a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which oxidant species contribute to the initiation and progression of MS including mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of various signaling pathways, and autoimmune response activation. The detrimental effects of oxidative stress on neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes, as well as the role of oxidants in promoting and perpetuating inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage, are discussed. Finally, this review also points out the therapeutic potential of various synthetic antioxidants that must be evaluated in clinical trials in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Sanabria-Castro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Farmacología, Toxicología y Farmacodependencia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Alberto Alape-Girón
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre Vázquez de Coronado, 11103, Costa Rica
| | - Marietta Flores-Díaz
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre Vázquez de Coronado, 11103, Costa Rica
| | - Ann Echeverri-McCandless
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
| | - Alexander Parajeles-Vindas
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, 10103, Costa Rica
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínica Bíblica, San José, 10104, Costa Rica
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8
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Takahashi A, Kitsunai S, Kawana H, Saito N, Yoshihara A, Furukawa K. Physiotherapy management focusing on proprioceptive impairment in a patient with gait and balance impairments following stroke: A case report. Physiother Theory Pract 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38516762 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2024.2332792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprioceptive impairment contributes to gait and balance impairments in patients with stroke. Diagnosis functional impairments and evaluation treatment efficacy require quantitative proprioception assessment. However, proprioception assessment has remained limited to ordinal scale measurement, with a lack of ratio scale measurements. PURPOSE This case report describes a physiotherapy management program focusing on proprioceptive impairment in patients with stroke using quantitative tests such as Threshold to Detect Passive Motion (TDPM) and Joint Position Sense (JPS). CASE DESCRIPTION A63-year-old male patient with an acute pontine lacunar infarction was admitted to our hospital. His muscle strength, selective movement, and trunk activity were preserved. However, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Gait Assessment andIntervention Tool (GAIT) score were 42 and 9 points, observing balance impairment and the buckling knee pattern with hip ataxia during gait. Based on these, TDPM and JPS using image capture were performed. In physiotherapeuticdiagnosis, proprioceptive impairments in the hip and knee joints were the primary functional impairments related to balance and gait. To address these proprioceptive impairments, a 13-day treatment protocol incorporating transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (intensity: sensory threshold, frequency: 100 Hz) targeting the quadriceps femoris was performed. OUTCOMES The patient was discharged after achieving independent ambulation and improvement in BBS (56 points) and GAIT (2 points) scores, exceeding the minimum clinically important difference. Recovery of proprioceptive impairment corresponded withimproved balance and gait ability. CONCLUSION Quantitatively evaluating proprioceptive impairments may provide novel rehabilitation for patients with stroke who have proprioceptive impairments and contribute to clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisuke Takahashi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shun Kitsunai
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kawana
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoshi Saito
- Department of Neurology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akioh Yoshihara
- Department of Neurology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Iryo Sosei University, Fukushima, Japan
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9
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Lee TH, Uchiyama S, Kusuma Y, Chiu HC, Navarro JC, Tan KS, Pandian J, Guo L, Wong Y, Venketasubramanian N. A systematic-search-and-review of registered pharmacological therapies investigated to improve neuro-recovery after a stroke. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1346177. [PMID: 38356890 PMCID: PMC10866005 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1346177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke burden is largely due to long-term impairments requiring prolonged care with loss of productivity. We aimed to identify and assess studies of different registered pharmacological therapies as treatments to improve post-stroke impairments and/or disabilities. Methods We performed a systematic-search-and-review of treatments that have been investigated as recovery-enhancing or recovery-promoting therapies in adult patients with stroke. The treatment must have received registration or market authorization in any country regardless of primary indication. Outcomes included in the review were neurological impairments and functional/disability assessments. "The best available studies" based on study design, study size, and/or date of publication were selected and graded for level of evidence (LOE) by consensus. Results Our systematic search yielded 7,801 citations, and we reviewed 665 full-text papers. Fifty-eight publications were selected as "the best studies" across 25 pharmacological classes: 31 on ischemic stroke, 21 on ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, 4 on intracerebral hemorrhage, and 2 on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Twenty-six were systematic reviews/meta-analyses, 29 were randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and three were cohort studies. Only nimodipine for SAH had LOE A of benefit (systematic review and network meta-analysis). Many studies, some of which showed treatment effects, were assessed as LOE C-LD, mainly due to small sample sizes or poor quality. Seven interventions had LOE B-R (systematic review/meta-analysis or RCT) of treatment effects. Conclusion Only one commercially available treatment has LOE A for routine use in stroke. Further studies of putative neuroprotective drugs as adjunctive treatment to revascularization procedures and more confirmatory trials on recovery-promoting therapies will enhance the certainty of their benefit. The decision on their use must be guided by the clinical profile, neurological impairments, and target outcomes based on the available evidence. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=376973, PROSPERO, CRD42022376973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsong-Hai Lee
- Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shinichiro Uchiyama
- Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hou Chang Chiu
- Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kay Sin Tan
- University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Liang Guo
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Consortium for Clinical Research and Innovation, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoko Wong
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Consortium for Clinical Research and Innovation, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Sudarshana KA, Sarma MJ, Radhakrishnan M, Chakravarty S, Srihari P, Mehta G. A protocol for directly accessing geminal C-4 diarylated pyrazol-5(4 H)-ones via tandem C-H aryne insertion and their inceptive neurobiological evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:714-719. [PMID: 38165701 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01932b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Geminal C-4 diarylation of substituted pyrazol-5(4H)-ones with in situ generated arynes as the aryl source has been achieved in a one-flask operation. All the newly accessed C4-gem-diarylated pyrazolone entities were found to be non-cytotoxic with varying AChE enzyme inhibitory activities and BBB permeability attributes that augur well for further advancement towards CNS therapeutics for untreatable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sudarshana
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manas Jyoti Sarma
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
| | - Mydhili Radhakrishnan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Pabbaraja Srihari
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
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11
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Chugunova E, Gazizov AS, Islamov D, Matveeva V, Burilov A, Akylbekov N, Dobrynin A, Zhapparbergenov R, Appazov N, Chabuka BK, Christopher K, Tonkoglazova DI, Alabugin IV. An Unusual Rearrangement of Pyrazole Nitrene and Coarctate Ring-Opening/Recyclization Cascade: Formal CH-Acetoxylation and Azide/Amine Conversion without External Oxidants and Reductants. Molecules 2023; 28:7335. [PMID: 37959754 PMCID: PMC10648078 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an unusual transformation where the transient formation of a nitrene moiety initiates a sequence of steps leading to remote oxidative C-H functionalization (R-CH3 to R-CH2OC(O)R') and the concomitant reduction of the nitrene into an amino group. No external oxidants or reductants are needed for this formal molecular comproportionation. Detected and isolated intermediates and computational analysis suggest that the process occurs with pyrazole ring opening and recyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chugunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Arbuzov St. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.S.G.); (D.I.); (V.M.); (A.B.); (A.D.); (I.V.A.)
| | - Almir S. Gazizov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Arbuzov St. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.S.G.); (D.I.); (V.M.); (A.B.); (A.D.); (I.V.A.)
| | - Daut Islamov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Arbuzov St. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.S.G.); (D.I.); (V.M.); (A.B.); (A.D.); (I.V.A.)
| | - Victoria Matveeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Arbuzov St. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.S.G.); (D.I.); (V.M.); (A.B.); (A.D.); (I.V.A.)
| | - Alexander Burilov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Arbuzov St. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.S.G.); (D.I.); (V.M.); (A.B.); (A.D.); (I.V.A.)
| | - Nurgali Akylbekov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aitekebie Str. 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Alexey Dobrynin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Arbuzov St. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.S.G.); (D.I.); (V.M.); (A.B.); (A.D.); (I.V.A.)
| | - Rakhmetulla Zhapparbergenov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aitekebie Str. 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Nurbol Appazov
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile “Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis”, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aitekebie Str. 29A, Kyzylorda 120014, Kazakhstan; (N.A.); (R.Z.)
- Zhakhaev Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Growing, Abay Av. 25B, Kyzylorda 120008, Kazakhstan
| | - Beauty K. Chabuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3290, USA; (B.K.C.); (K.C.); (D.I.T.)
| | - Kimberley Christopher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3290, USA; (B.K.C.); (K.C.); (D.I.T.)
| | - Daria I. Tonkoglazova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3290, USA; (B.K.C.); (K.C.); (D.I.T.)
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akad. Arbuzov St. 8, Kazan 420088, Russia; (A.S.G.); (D.I.); (V.M.); (A.B.); (A.D.); (I.V.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3290, USA; (B.K.C.); (K.C.); (D.I.T.)
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12
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Jacques MT, de Souza V, Barbosa FAR, Faria Santos Canto R, Lopes SC, Prediger RD, Braga AL, Aschner M, Farina M. Novel Probucol Analogue, 4,4'-Diselanediylbis (2,6-Di- tert-Butylphenol), Prevents Oxidative Glutamate Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Confers Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2857-2867. [PMID: 37499207 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative glutamate toxicity is regarded as one of the injurious mechanisms associated with ischemic stroke, which represents a major health problem and requires improved pharmacological treatments. We designed and synthesized two new probucol analogues [2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-selenocyanatophenol (C1) and 4,4'-diselanediylbis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) (C2)] and investigated their effects against glutamate-induced neuronal oxidative toxicity in vitro in cultured HT22 cells, compared with their parental compound (probucol). In addition, C2, which exhibited the lowest toxicity, was investigated in an in vivo rodent model of ischemic stroke. Glutamate caused concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in HT22 neuronal cells, which was preceded by increased levels of oxidants and depletion of the antioxidant glutathione. The analogues (C1 and C2), but not probucol, significantly decreased the levels of oxidants (including mitochondrial superoxide anion and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and protected against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. In the in vivo model of ischemic stroke, which was based on central injections of the vasoconstrictor agent endothelin-1 (800 pmol/site), C2 (20 or 50 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, for 4 consecutive days after stroke) displayed significant beneficial effects against ischemic injury in vivo, improving rats' motor-related behavioral skills and decreasing stroke-related striatal gliosis. This is the first study to design, synthesize, and present a probucol analogue (C2) with in vivo beneficial effects against ischemic stroke. This novel compound, which was able to mitigate glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in vitro, represents a promising neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tavares Jacques
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Faria Santos Canto
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Samantha Cristiane Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luiz Braga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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13
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Filippov AG, Alexandrin VV, Ivanov AV, Paltsyn AA, Sviridkina NB, Virus ED, Bulgakova PO, Burmiy JP, Kubatiev AA. Neuroprotective Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles Is Not Associated with Their Accumulation in the Brain of Rats. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:348. [PMID: 37504843 PMCID: PMC10381480 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (nPts) have neuroprotective/antioxidant properties, but the mechanisms of their action in cerebrovascular disease remain unclear. We investigated the brain bioavailability of nPts and their effects on brain damage, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and development of brain and systemic oxidative stress (OS) in a model of cerebral ischemia (hemorrhage + temporary bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, tBCAO) in rats. The nPts (0.04 g/L, 3 ± 1 nm diameter) were administered to rats (N = 19) intraperitoneally at the start of blood reperfusion. Measurement of CBF via laser Doppler flowmetry revealed that the nPts caused a rapid attenuation of postischemic hypoperfusion. The nPts attenuated the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the decrease in reduced aminothiols level in plasma, and the glutathione redox status in the brain, which were induced by tBCAO. The content of Pt in the brain was extremely low (≤1 ng/g). Thus, nPts, despite the extremely low brain bioavailability, can attenuate the development of brain OS, CBF dysregulation, and neuronal apoptosis. This may indicate that the neuroprotective effects of nPts are due to indirect mechanisms rather than direct activity in the brain tissue. Research on such mechanisms may offer a promising trend in the treatment of acute disorders of CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Alexandrovich Paltsyn
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education, Barricadnaya St., 2/1 b. 1, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Petrovna Burmiy
- Institute of Microelectronic Technology and Ultra-High-Purity Materials, Akademika Osip'yana Str., 6, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education, Barricadnaya St., 2/1 b. 1, 125993 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Sucha M, Benediktova S, Tichanek F, Jedlicka J, Kapl S, Jelinkova D, Purkartova Z, Tuma J, Kuncova J, Cendelin J. Experimental Treatment with Edaravone in a Mouse Model of Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10689. [PMID: 37445867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Edaravone is a mitochondrially targeted drug with a suggested capability to modify the course of diverse neurological diseases. Nevertheless, edaravone has not been tested yet in the context of spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1), an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized mainly by cerebellar disorder, with a strong contribution of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study aimed to address this gap, exploring the potential of edaravone to slow down SCA1 progression in a mouse knock-in SCA1 model. SCA1154Q/2Q and healthy SCA12Q/2Q mice were administered either edaravone or saline daily for more than 13 weeks. The functional impairments were assessed via a wide spectrum of behavioral assays reflecting motor and cognitive deficits and behavioral abnormalities. Moreover, we used high-resolution respirometry to explore mitochondrial function, and immunohistochemical and biochemical tools to assess the magnitude of neurodegeneration, inflammation, and neuroplasticity. Data were analyzed using (hierarchical) Bayesian regression models, combined with the methods of multivariate statistics. Our analysis pointed out various previously documented neurological and behavioral deficits of SCA1 mice. However, we did not detect any plausible therapeutic effect of edaravone on either behavioral dysfunctions or other disease hallmarks in SCA1 mice. Thus, our results did not provide support for the therapeutic potential of edaravone in SCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sucha
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Benediktova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichanek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jedlicka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Mitochondrial Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kapl
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurophysiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Jelinkova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Purkartova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tuma
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kuncova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Mitochondrial Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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15
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Fukuta T, Ikeda-Imafuku M, Iwao Y. Development of Edaravone Ionic Liquids and Their Application for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37155370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of the ionic liquid (IL) form of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), termed API-IL, has attracted attention because it can improve upon certain disadvantages of APIs, such as poor water solubility and low stability. Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) is a clinically approved cerebroprotective agent against ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, while new formulations that enable improvement of its physicochemical properties and biodistribution are desired. Herein, we report a newly developed API-IL of edaravone (edaravone-IL), in which edaravone is used as an anionic molecule. We investigated the physicochemical properties of edaravone-IL and its therapeutic effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a secondary injury after an ischemic stroke. Among the cationic molecules used for edaravone-IL preparation, the IL prepared with tetrabutylphosphonium cation existed as a liquid at room temperature, and significantly increased the water solubility of edaravone without decreasing its antioxidative activity. Importantly, edaravone-IL formed negatively charged nanoparticles upon suspension in water. Intravenous administration of edaravone-IL showed significantly higher blood circulation time and lower distribution in the kidney compared with edaravone solution. Moreover, edaravone-IL significantly suppressed brain cell damage and motor functional deficits in model rats of cerebral I/R injury and showed comparable cerebroprotective effect to edaravone. Taken together, these results suggest that edaravone-IL could be a new form of edaravone with superior physicochemical properties and could be useful for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fukuta
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichiban-cho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikeda-Imafuku
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichiban-cho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwao
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichiban-cho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
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16
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Neuroprotective Strategies for Ischemic Stroke-Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054334. [PMID: 36901765 PMCID: PMC10002358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the main cause of death and the most common cause of acquired physical disability worldwide. Recent demographic changes increase the relevance of stroke and its sequelae. The acute treatment for stroke is restricted to causative recanalization and restoration of cerebral blood flow, including both intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. Still, only a limited number of patients are eligible for these time-sensitive treatments. Hence, new neuroprotective approaches are urgently needed. Neuroprotection is thus defined as an intervention resulting in the preservation, recovery, and/or regeneration of the nervous system by interfering with the ischemic-triggered stroke cascade. Despite numerous preclinical studies generating promising data for several neuroprotective agents, successful bench-to-bedside translations are still lacking. The present study provides an overview of current approaches in the research field of neuroprotective stroke treatment. Aside from "traditional" neuroprotective drugs focusing on inflammation, cell death, and excitotoxicity, stem-cell-based treatment methods are also considered. Furthermore, an overview of a prospective neuroprotective method using extracellular vesicles that are secreted from various stem cell sources, including neural stem cells and bone marrow stem cells, is also given. The review concludes with a short discussion on the microbiota-gut-brain axis that may serve as a potential target for future neuroprotective therapies.
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17
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Fan G, Liu M, Liu J, Huang Y. The initiator of neuroexcitotoxicity and ferroptosis in ischemic stroke: Glutamate accumulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1113081. [PMID: 37033381 PMCID: PMC10076579 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate plays an important role in excitotoxicity and ferroptosis. Excitotoxicity occurs through over-stimulation of glutamate receptors, specifically NMDAR, while in the non-receptor-mediated pathway, high glutamate concentrations reduce cystine uptake by inhibiting the System Xc-, leading to intracellular glutathione depletion and resulting in ROS accumulation, which contributes to increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial damage, and ultimately ferroptosis. Oxidative stress appears to crosstalk between excitotoxicity and ferroptosis, and it is essential to maintain glutamate homeostasis and inhibit oxidative stress responses in vivo. As researchers work to develop natural compounds to further investigate the complex mechanisms and regulatory functions of ferroptosis and excitotoxicity, new avenues will be available for the effective treatment of ischaemic stroke. Therefore, this paper provides a review of the molecular mechanisms and treatment of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhao Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Huang,
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18
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Su Z, Zhang S, Yu Z, Jin H, Sun W, Yang Z, Zhao D. Efficacy and safety of blood-activating herbs combined with edaravone in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32162. [PMID: 36482528 PMCID: PMC9726419 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the combination of blood-activating herbs and western drugs has shown advantages in the treatment of ischemic stroke, there is no consensus on the safety and efficacy. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of blood-activating herbs with edaravone (EDA) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS We will implement the search strategy in 8 English and Chinese databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database, EMBASE and MEDLINE. The search included relevant clinical randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials that had been registered for publication by November 2022. Literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed by 2 authors. We will assess the risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method classification will be used to assess the quality of the literature. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan V.5.4 and STATA 16 software. RESULTS This study will provide a comprehensive analysis of the current clinical evidence on the application of blood-activating herbs combined with EDA in the treatment of AIS. CONCLUSION This study will clarify the safety and efficacy of the combination of blood-activating herbs with EDA in the treatment of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyi Su
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ziqiao Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Weichen Sun
- Department of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ziqi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Brain Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- * Correspondence: Dexi Zhao, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Brain Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China (e-mail: )
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19
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Hu J, Yuan B, Zhang P, Wang Y, Jin X, Du L, Jin Y. The Improved Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery of Edaravone Temperature-Sensitive Gels by Ultrasound for γ-ray Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2281. [PMID: 36365100 PMCID: PMC9698875 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is a common neurological disease caused by ionizing radiation (IR). Edaravone (EDA) is a free radical scavenger, has the potential to treat RBI. EDA loaded temperature-sensitive gels (TSGs) were prepared for subcutaneous injection to improve inconvenient administration of intravenous infusion. RBI mice model was established by irradiation of 60Co γ-ray on head. EDA TSGs could improve spontaneous behavior, learning and memory and anxiety of RBI mice by behavior tests, including the open field test, the novel object recognition test, the elevated plus maze test and the fear conditioning test. The therapeutic effects were enhanced with the assistance of ultrasound. Alleviative pathological changes, decreased the expression of Molondialdehyde (MDA) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus of brain, indicated reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory response with the treatment of EDA TSGs and ultrasound. Moreover, ultrasound was superior to the use of EDA TSGs. Safe and effective EDA TSGs were prepared for RBI, and the feasibility of brain-targeted drug delivery enhanced by ultrasound was preliminarily demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jinglu Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bochuan Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xu Jin
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Lina Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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