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Murphy E, Rollo PS, Segaert K, Hagoort P, Tandon N. Multiple dimensions of syntactic structure are resolved earliest in posterior temporal cortex. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 241:102669. [PMID: 39332803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
How we combine minimal linguistic units into larger structures remains an unresolved topic in neuroscience. Language processing involves the abstract construction of 'vertical' and 'horizontal' information simultaneously (e.g., phrase structure, morphological agreement), but previous paradigms have been constrained in isolating only one type of composition and have utilized poor spatiotemporal resolution. Using intracranial recordings, we report multiple experiments designed to separate phrase structure from morphosyntactic agreement. Epilepsy patients (n = 10) were presented with auditory two-word phrases grouped into pseudoword-verb ('trab run') and pronoun-verb either with or without Person agreement ('they run' vs. 'they runs'). Phrase composition and Person violations both resulted in significant increases in broadband high gamma activity approximately 300 ms after verb onset in posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), followed by inferior frontal cortex (IFC) at 500 ms. While sites sensitive to only morphosyntactic violations were distributed, those sensitive to both composition types were generally confined to pSTS/pMTG and IFC. These results indicate that posterior temporal cortex shows the earliest sensitivity for hierarchical linguistic structure across multiple dimensions, providing neural resources for distinct windows of composition. This region is comprised of sparsely interwoven heterogeneous constituents that afford cortical search spaces for dissociable syntactic relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Patrick S Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Katrien Segaert
- School of Psychology & Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Hagoort
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6525 HR, the Netherlands
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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2
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Ervin B, Kargol C, Byars AW, Buroker J, Rozhkov L, Skoch J, Mangano FT, Greiner HM, Horn PS, Holland K, Arya R. High-gamma modulation language mapping and cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia 2024. [PMID: 39162748 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated changes in cognitive domains after neurosurgical lesioning of cortical sites with significant high-gamma power modulations (HGM) during a visual naming task, although these sites were found language-negative on standard-of-care electrical stimulation mapping (ESM). METHODS In drug-resistant epilepsy patients who underwent resection/ablation after stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG), we computed reliable change indices (RCIs) from a battery of presurgical and 1-year postsurgical neuropsychological assessments. We modeled RCIs as a function of lesioning even one HGM language site, number of HGM language sites lesioned, and the magnitude of naming-related HGM. The analyses were adjusted for 1-year seizure freedom, operated hemispheres, and the volumes of surgical lesions. RESULTS In 37 patients with 4455 SEEG electrode contacts (1839 and 2616 contacts in right and left hemispheres, respectively), no ESM language sites were lesioned. Patients with lesioning of even one HGM language site showed significantly lower RCIs for Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), working memory, and verbal learning immediate (VLI) scores. RCI declines with higher number of HGM language sites lesioned were seen in PPVT (slope [β] = -.10), working memory (β = -.10), VLI (β = -.14), and letter-word identification (LWI; β = -.14). No neuropsychological domains improved after lesioning of HGM language sites. Significant effects of the HGM magnitude at lesioned sites were seen on working memory (β = -.31), story memory immediate (β = -.27), verbal learning recognition (β = -.18), LWI (β = -.16), spelling (β = -.49), and passage comprehension (β = -.33). Because working memory was significantly affected in all three analyses, patients with maximal working memory decline were examined post hoc, revealing that all such patients had HGM naming sites lesioned in the posterior quadrants of either hemisphere. SIGNIFICANCE HGM language mapping should be used as an adjunct to ESM in clinical practice and may help counsel patients/families about postsurgical cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ervin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Kargol
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason Buroker
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leonid Rozhkov
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jesse Skoch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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3
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Yu L, Dugan P, Doyle W, Devinsky O, Friedman D, Flinker A. A left-lateralized dorsolateral prefrontal network for naming. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594403. [PMID: 38798614 PMCID: PMC11118423 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The ability to connect the form and meaning of a concept, known as word retrieval, is fundamental to human communication. While various input modalities could lead to identical word retrieval, the exact neural dynamics supporting this convergence relevant to daily auditory discourse remain poorly understood. Here, we leveraged neurosurgical electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from 48 patients and dissociated two key language networks that highly overlap in time and space integral to word retrieval. Using unsupervised temporal clustering techniques, we found a semantic processing network located in the middle and inferior frontal gyri. This network was distinct from an articulatory planning network in the inferior frontal and precentral gyri, which was agnostic to input modalities. Functionally, we confirmed that the semantic processing network encodes word surprisal during sentence perception. Our findings characterize how humans integrate ongoing auditory semantic information over time, a critical linguistic function from passive comprehension to daily discourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, 10016, New York, the United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, New York, the United States
| | - Patricia Dugan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, New York, the United States
| | - Werner Doyle
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, New York, the United States
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, New York, the United States
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, New York, the United States
| | - Adeen Flinker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, New York, 10016, New York, the United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, New York, the United States
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Egashira Y, Kaga Y, Gunji A, Kita Y, Kimura M, Hironaga N, Takeichi H, Hayashi S, Kaneko Y, Takahashi H, Hanakawa T, Okada T, Inagaki M. Detection of deviance in Japanese kanji compound words. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:913945. [PMID: 36046210 PMCID: PMC9421146 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.913945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reading fluency is based on the automatic visual recognition of words. As a manifestation of the automatic processing of words, an automatic deviance detection of visual word stimuli can be observed in the early stages of visual recognition. To clarify whether this phenomenon occurs with Japanese kanji compounds—since their lexicality is related to semantic association—we investigated the brain response by utilizing three types of deviants: differences in font type, lexically correct or incorrect Japanese kanji compound words and pseudo-kanji characters modified from correct and incorrect compounds. We employed magnetoencephalography (MEG) to evaluate the spatiotemporal profiles of the related brain regions. The study included 22 adult native Japanese speakers (16 females). The abovementioned three kinds of stimuli containing 20% deviants were presented during the MEG measurement. Activity in the occipital pole region of the brain was observed upon the detection of font-type deviance within 250 ms of stimulus onset. Although no significant activity upon detecting lexically correct/incorrect kanji compounds or pseudo-kanji character deviations was observed, the activity in the posterior transverse region of the collateral sulcus (pCoS)—which is a fusiform neighboring area—was larger when detecting lexically correct kanji compounds than when detecting pseudo-kanji characters. Taken together, these results support the notion that the automatic detection of deviance in kanji compounds may be limited to a low-level feature, such as the stimulus stroke thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Egashira
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuka Egashira,
| | - Yoshimi Kaga
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Gunji
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
- College of Education, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kita
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit (CBRU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kimura
- Department of Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naruhito Hironaga
- Brain Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Takeichi
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
- Open Systems Information Science Team, Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters (R-IH), RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sayuri Hayashi
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yuu Kaneko
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takahashi
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku-shi, Japan
| | - Takashi Hanakawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
- Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masumi Inagaki
- Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tottori Prefectural Rehabilitation Center, Tottori, Japan
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Sonoda M, Silverstein BH, Jeong JW, Sugiura A, Nakai Y, Mitsuhashi T, Rothermel R, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Six-dimensional dynamic tractography atlas of language connectivity in the developing brain. Brain 2021; 144:3340-3354. [PMID: 34849596 PMCID: PMC8677551 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During a verbal conversation, our brain moves through a series of complex linguistic processing stages: sound decoding, semantic comprehension, retrieval of semantically coherent words, and overt production of speech outputs. Each process is thought to be supported by a network consisting of local and long-range connections bridging between major cortical areas. Both temporal and extratemporal lobe regions have functional compartments responsible for distinct language domains, including the perception and production of phonological and semantic components. This study provides quantitative evidence of how directly connected inter-lobar neocortical networks support distinct stages of linguistic processing across brain development. Novel six-dimensional tractography was used to intuitively visualize the strength and temporal dynamics of direct inter-lobar effective connectivity between cortical areas activated during each linguistic processing stage. We analysed 3401 non-epileptic intracranial electrode sites from 37 children with focal epilepsy (aged 5-20 years) who underwent extra-operative electrocorticography recording. Principal component analysis of auditory naming-related high-gamma modulations determined the relative involvement of each cortical area during each linguistic processing stage. To quantify direct effective connectivity, we delivered single-pulse electrical stimulation to 488 temporal and 1581 extratemporal lobe sites and measured the early cortico-cortical spectral responses at distant electrodes. Mixed model analyses determined the effects of naming-related high-gamma co-augmentation between connecting regions, age, and cerebral hemisphere on the strength of effective connectivity independent of epilepsy-related factors. Direct effective connectivity was strongest between extratemporal and temporal lobe site pairs, which were simultaneously activated between sentence offset and verbal response onset (i.e. response preparation period); this connectivity was approximately twice more robust than that with temporal lobe sites activated during stimulus listening or overt response. Conversely, extratemporal lobe sites activated during overt response were equally connected with temporal lobe language sites. Older age was associated with increased strength of inter-lobar effective connectivity especially between those activated during response preparation. The arcuate fasciculus supported approximately two-thirds of the direct effective connectivity pathways from temporal to extratemporal auditory language-related areas but only up to half of those in the opposite direction. The uncinate fasciculus consisted of <2% of those in the temporal-to-extratemporal direction and up to 6% of those in the opposite direction. We, for the first time, provided an atlas which quantifies and animates the strength, dynamics, and direction specificity of inter-lobar neural communications between language areas via the white matter pathways. Language-related effective connectivity may be strengthened in an age-dependent manner even after the age of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360004, Japan
| | - Brian H Silverstein
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 6418509, Japan
| | - Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, 1138421, Japan
| | - Robert Rothermel
- Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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6
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Drane DL, Pedersen NP, Sabsevitz DS, Block C, Dickey AS, Alwaki A, Kheder A. Cognitive and Emotional Mapping With SEEG. Front Neurol 2021; 12:627981. [PMID: 33912122 PMCID: PMC8072290 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.627981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mapping of cortical functions is critical for the best clinical care of patients undergoing epilepsy and tumor surgery, but also to better understand human brain function and connectivity. The purpose of this review is to explore existing and potential means of mapping higher cortical functions, including stimulation mapping, passive mapping, and connectivity analyses. We examine the history of mapping, differences between subdural and stereoelectroencephalographic approaches, and some risks and safety aspects, before examining different types of functional mapping. Much of this review explores the prospects for new mapping approaches to better understand other components of language, memory, spatial skills, executive, and socio-emotional functions. We also touch on brain-machine interfaces, philosophical aspects of aligning tasks to brain circuits, and the study of consciousness. We end by discussing multi-modal testing and virtual reality approaches to mapping higher cortical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Drane
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Epilepsy Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nigel P. Pedersen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Epilepsy Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David S. Sabsevitz
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Cady Block
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Adam S. Dickey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Alwaki
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ammar Kheder
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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7
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Ala-Salomäki H, Kujala J, Liljeström M, Salmelin R. Picture naming yields highly consistent cortical activation patterns: Test-retest reliability of magnetoencephalography recordings. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117651. [PMID: 33338614 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable paradigms and imaging measures of individual-level brain activity are paramount when reaching from group-level research studies to clinical assessment of individual patients. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) provides a direct, non-invasive measure of cortical processing with high spatiotemporal accuracy, and is thus well suited for assessment of functional brain damage in patients with language difficulties. This MEG study aimed to identify, in a delayed picture naming paradigm, source-localized evoked activity and modulations of cortical oscillations that show high test-retest reliability across measurement days in healthy individuals, demonstrating their applicability in clinical settings. For patients with a language disorder picture naming can be a challenging task. Therefore, we also determined whether a semantic judgment task ('Is this item living?') with a spoken response ("yes"/"no") would suffice to induce comparably consistent activity within brain regions related to language production. The MEG data was collected from 19 healthy participants on two separate days. In picture naming, evoked activity was consistent across measurement days (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)>0.4) in the left frontal (400-800 ms after image onset), sensorimotor (200-800 ms), parietal (200-600 ms), temporal (200-800 ms), occipital (400-800 ms) and cingulate (600-800 ms) regions, as well as the right temporal (600-800 ms) region. In the semantic judgment task, consistent evoked activity was spatially more limited, occurring in the left temporal (200-800 ms), sensorimotor (400-800 ms), occipital (400-600 ms) and subparietal (600-800 ms) regions, and the right supramarginal cortex (600-800 ms). The delayed naming task showed typical beta oscillatory suppression in premotor and sensorimotor regions (800-1200 ms) but other consistent modulations of oscillatory activity were mostly observed in posterior cortical regions that have not typically been associated with language processing. The high test-retest consistency of MEG evoked activity in the picture naming task testifies to its applicability in clinical evaluations of language function, as well as in longitudinal MEG studies of language production in clinical and healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ala-Salomäki
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Jan Kujala
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Mia Liljeström
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Riitta Salmelin
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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Trébuchon A, Liégeois-Chauvel C, Gonzalez-Martinez JA, Alario FX. Contributions of electrophysiology for identifying cortical language systems in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107407. [PMID: 33181892 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A crucial element of the surgical treatment of medically refractory epilepsy is to delineate cortical areas that must be spared in order to avoid clinically relevant neurological and neuropsychological deficits postoperatively. For each patient, this typically necessitates determining the language lateralization between hemispheres and language localization within hemisphere. Understanding cortical language systems is complicated by two primary challenges: the extent of the neural tissue involved and the substantial variability across individuals, especially in pathological populations. We review the contributions made through the study of electrophysiological activity to address these challenges. These contributions are based on the techniques of magnetoencephalography (MEG), intracerebral recordings, electrical-cortical stimulation (ECS), and the electrovideo analyses of seizures and their semiology. We highlight why no single modality alone is adequate to identify cortical language systems and suggest avenues for improving current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Trébuchon
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Liégeois-Chauvel
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh (PA), USA
| | | | - F-Xavier Alario
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh (PA), USA; Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, Marseille, France.
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9
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Fedorenko E, Blank IA, Siegelman M, Mineroff Z. Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network. Cognition 2020; 203:104348. [PMID: 32569894 DOI: 10.1101/477851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such "syntactic hub", and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions-or even voxel subsets-within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language-to share meanings across minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Idan Asher Blank
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Siegelman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zachary Mineroff
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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10
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Fedorenko E, Blank IA, Siegelman M, Mineroff Z. Lack of selectivity for syntax relative to word meanings throughout the language network. Cognition 2020; 203:104348. [PMID: 32569894 PMCID: PMC7483589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To understand what you are reading now, your mind retrieves the meanings of words and constructions from a linguistic knowledge store (lexico-semantic processing) and identifies the relationships among them to construct a complex meaning (syntactic or combinatorial processing). Do these two sets of processes rely on distinct, specialized mechanisms or, rather, share a common pool of resources? Linguistic theorizing, empirical evidence from language acquisition and processing, and computational modeling have jointly painted a picture whereby lexico-semantic and syntactic processing are deeply inter-connected and perhaps not separable. In contrast, many current proposals of the neural architecture of language continue to endorse a view whereby certain brain regions selectively support syntactic/combinatorial processing, although the locus of such "syntactic hub", and its nature, vary across proposals. Here, we searched for selectivity for syntactic over lexico-semantic processing using a powerful individual-subjects fMRI approach across three sentence comprehension paradigms that have been used in prior work to argue for such selectivity: responses to lexico-semantic vs. morpho-syntactic violations (Experiment 1); recovery from neural suppression across pairs of sentences differing in only lexical items vs. only syntactic structure (Experiment 2); and same/different meaning judgments on such sentence pairs (Experiment 3). Across experiments, both lexico-semantic and syntactic conditions elicited robust responses throughout the left fronto-temporal language network. Critically, however, no regions were more strongly engaged by syntactic than lexico-semantic processing, although some regions showed the opposite pattern. Thus, contra many current proposals of the neural architecture of language, syntactic/combinatorial processing is not separable from lexico-semantic processing at the level of brain regions-or even voxel subsets-within the language network, in line with strong integration between these two processes that has been consistently observed in behavioral and computational language research. The results further suggest that the language network may be generally more strongly concerned with meaning than syntactic form, in line with the primary function of language-to share meanings across minds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Idan Asher Blank
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Siegelman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zachary Mineroff
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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11
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Trimmel K, Caciagli L, Xiao F, van Graan LA, Koepp MJ, Thompson PJ, Duncan JS. Impaired naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy: language fMRI responses are modulated by disease characteristics. J Neurol 2020; 268:147-160. [PMID: 32747979 PMCID: PMC7815622 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate alterations of language networks and their relation to impaired naming performance in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using functional MRI. METHODS Seventy-two adult TLE patients (41 left) and 36 controls were studied with overt auditory and picture naming fMRI tasks to assess temporal lobe language areas, and a covert verbal fluency task to probe frontal lobe language regions. Correlation of fMRI activation with clinical naming scores, and alteration of language network patterns in relation to epilepsy duration, age at onset and seizure frequency, were investigated with whole-brain multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Auditory and picture naming fMRI activated the left posterior temporal lobe, and stronger activation correlated with better clinical naming scores. Verbal fluency MRI mainly activated frontal lobe regions. In left and right TLE, a later age of epilepsy onset related to stronger temporal lobe activations, while earlier age of onset was associated with impaired deactivation of extratemporal regions. In left TLE patients, longer disease duration and higher seizure frequency were associated with reduced deactivation. Frontal lobe language networks were unaffected by disease characteristics. CONCLUSIONS While frontal lobe language regions appear spared, temporal lobe language areas are susceptible to dysfunction and reorganisation, particularly in left TLE. Early onset and long duration of epilepsy, and high seizure frequency, were associated with compromised activation and deactivation patterns of task-associated regions, which might account for impaired naming performance in individuals with TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Trimmel
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0LR, UK. .,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK. .,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0LR, UK.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fenglai Xiao
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0LR, UK.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Louis A van Graan
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0LR, UK.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0LR, UK.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0LR, UK.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John S Duncan
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, SL9 0LR, UK.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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12
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Sakpichaisakul K, Byars AW, Horn PS, Aungaroon G, Greiner HM, Mangano FT, Holland KD, Arya R. Neuropsychological outcomes after pediatric epilepsy surgery: Role of electrical stimulation language mapping. Seizure 2020; 80:183-191. [PMID: 32604001 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the association between electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) with a visual naming task and post-operative neuropsychological outcomes after pediatric epilepsy surgery. METHODS Children who underwent epilepsy surgery, having pre- and 1-year post-surgery neuropsychological evaluation (NPE) available, were included. NPE scores were transformed using principal components (PC) analysis. The relationship between post-surgical PC scores, adjusted for pre-surgery PC scores, and ESM was analyzed. Clinical variables influencing this relationship were also sought. RESULTS One hundred and four children (89 patients >5 years-old, and 15 patients 3-5 years-old) were included. Among children >5 years-of-age, a significant effect of language ESM was observed on all 3 post-surgery PC scores adjusted for respective pre-surgery PC scores. Specifically, only 30 % patients who underwent language ESM had a decrease in PC1 scores ≥1-year after epilepsy surgery, compared to 68 % those who did not undergo language ESM (p = 0.001). Seizure outcomes, age at the time of surgery, predominant seizure type, and family history of epilepsy were other significant determinants of post-surgical PC scores including a change in PC scores from pre-surgery baseline. Combinations of pre-surgical variables were able to predict post-surgical PC scores with high specificity. In children aged 3-5 years, no significant effect of language ESM was seen on post-surgery PC scores adjusted for respective pre-surgery PC scores. CONCLUSIONS Speech/language ESM should be performed more widely in patients >5 years-of-age undergoing epilepsy surgery. Also, more efficient brain mapping techniques and language paradigms are needed for younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kullasate Sakpichaisakul
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gewalin Aungaroon
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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13
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Arya R, Babajani-Feremi A, Byars AW, Vannest J, Greiner HM, Wheless JW, Mangano FT, Holland KD. A model for visual naming based on spatiotemporal dynamics of ECoG high-gamma modulation. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 99:106455. [PMID: 31419636 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied spatiotemporal dynamics of electrocorticographic (ECoG) high-gamma modulation (HGM) during visual naming. METHODS In 8 patients, aged 4-19 years, with left hemisphere subdural electrodes, propagation of ECoG HGM during overt visual naming was mapped with trial-averaged time-frequency analysis. Group-level synthesis was performed by transforming all electrodes to a standard space and assigning cortical parcels based on a reference atlas. RESULTS After image display following cortical parcels were activated: inferior occipital, caudal angular, fusiform, and middle temporal gyri, and superior temporal sulcus [0-400 ms]; rostral pars triangularis (A45r), inferior frontal sulcus, caudal dorsolateral premotor cortex (A6cdl) [300-600 ms]; caudal ventrolateral premotor cortex (A6cvl), caudal pars triangularis (A45c), pars opercularis (A44) [400-800 ms]; primary sensorimotor cortex [600-1400 ms], with most prominent HGM in glossolaryngeal region (A4tl). Lastly, auditory cortex (A41/A42) and superior temporal gyrus (A22) were activated [900 ms-1.4 s]. After 1.5 s, HGM decreased globally, except in ventrolateral premotor cortex. CONCLUSIONS During visual naming, ECoG HGM shows a sequential but overlapping spatiotemporal course through cortical regions. We provide neurophysiologic validation for a model of visual naming incorporating both modular and distributed cortical processing. This may explain cognitive deficits seen in some patients after surgery involving HGM naming sites outside perisylvian language cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Abbas Babajani-Feremi
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - James W Wheless
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America; Neuroscience Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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14
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Nakai Y, Sugiura A, Brown EC, Sonoda M, Jeong JW, Rothermel R, Luat AF, Sood S, Asano E. Four-dimensional functional cortical maps of visual and auditory language: Intracranial recording. Epilepsia 2019; 60:255-267. [PMID: 30710356 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The strength of presurgical language mapping using electrocorticography (ECoG) is its outstanding signal fidelity and temporal resolution, but the weakness includes limited spatial sampling at an individual patient level. By averaging naming-related high-gamma activity at nonepileptic regions across a large number of patients, we provided the functional cortical atlases animating the neural dynamics supporting visual-object and auditory-description naming at the whole brain level. METHODS We studied 79 patients who underwent extraoperative ECoG recording as epilepsy presurgical evaluation, and generated time-frequency plots and animation videos delineating the dynamics of naming-related high-gamma activity at 70-110 Hz. RESULTS Naming task performance elicited high-gamma augmentation in domain-specific lower-order sensory areas and inferior-precentral gyri immediately after stimulus onset. High-gamma augmentation subsequently involved widespread neocortical networks with left hemisphere dominance. Left posterior temporal high-gamma augmentation at several hundred milliseconds before response onset exhibited a double dissociation; picture naming elicited high-gamma augmentation preferentially in regions medial to the inferior-temporal gyrus, whereas auditory naming elicited high-gamma augmentation more laterally. The left lateral prefrontal regions including Broca's area initially exhibited high-gamma suppression subsequently followed by high-gamma augmentation at several hundred milliseconds before response onset during both naming tasks. Early high-gamma suppression within Broca's area was more intense during picture compared to auditory naming. Subsequent lateral-prefrontal high-gamma augmentation was more intense during auditory compared to picture naming. SIGNIFICANCE This study revealed contrasting characteristics in the spatiotemporal dynamics of naming-related neural modulations between tasks. The dynamic atlases of visual and auditory language might be useful for planning of epilepsy surgery. Differential neural activation well explains some of the previously reported observations of domain-specific language impairments following resective epilepsy surgery. Video materials might be beneficial for the education of lay people about how the brain functions differentially during visual and auditory naming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama-shi, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Erik C Brown
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Robert Rothermel
- Department of Psychiatry, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Neurology, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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15
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Arya R, Roth C, Leach JL, Middeler D, Wilson JA, Vannest J, Rozhkov L, Greiner HM, Buroker J, Scholle C, Fujiwara H, Horn PS, Rose DF, Crone NE, Mangano FT, Byars AW, Holland KD. Neuropsychological outcomes after resection of cortical sites with visual naming associated electrocorticographic high-gamma modulation. Epilepsy Res 2019; 151:17-23. [PMID: 30721879 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Language mapping with high-gamma modulation (HGM) has compared well with electrical cortical stimulation mapping (ESM). However, there is limited prospective data about its functional validity. We compared changes in neuropsychological evaluation (NPE) performed before and 1-year after epilepsy surgery, between patients with/without resection of cortical sites showing HGM during a visual naming task. METHODS Pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients underwent pre-surgical language localization with ESM and HGM using a visual naming task. Surgical decisions were based solely on ESM results. NPE difference scores were compared between patients with/without resection of HGM naming sites using principal component (PC) analysis. Follow-up NPE scores were modeled with resection group as main effect and respective pre-surgical score as a covariate, using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Seventeen native English speakers (12 females), aged 6.5-20.2 years, were included. One year after epilepsy surgery, first PC score increased by (mean ± standard deviation) 14.4 ± 16.5 points in patients without resection, whereas it decreased by 7.6 ± 24.6 points in those with resection of HGM naming sites (p = 0.040). This PC score represented verbal comprehension, working memory, perceptual reasoning (Wechsler subscales); Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement; and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Subsequent analysis showed significant difference in working memory score between patients with/without resection of HGM naming sites (-15.2 points, 95% confidence limits -29.7 to -0.7, p = 0.041). CONCLUSION We highlight the functional consequences of resecting HGM language sites, and suggest that NPE of DRE patients should include comprehensive assessment of multiple linguistic and cognitive domains besides naming ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Celie Roth
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James L Leach
- Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Denise Middeler
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Adam Wilson
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leonid Rozhkov
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason Buroker
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Clinical Engineering, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Craig Scholle
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Clinical Engineering, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hisako Fujiwara
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Douglas F Rose
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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16
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Piai V, Zheng X. Speaking waves: Neuronal oscillations in language production. PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Nakai Y, Nagashima A, Hayakawa A, Osuki T, Jeong JW, Sugiura A, Brown EC, Asano E. Four-dimensional map of the human early visual system. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 129:188-197. [PMID: 29190524 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We generated a large-scale, four-dimensional map of neuronal modulations elicited by full-field flash stimulation. METHODS We analyzed electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings from 63 patients with focal epilepsy, and delineated the spatial-temporal dynamics of visually-elicited high-gamma70-110 Hz amplitudes on a standard brain template. We then clarified the neuronal events underlying visual evoked potential (VEP) components, by correlating with high-gamma amplitude measures. RESULTS The medial-occipital cortex initially revealed rapid neural activation followed by prolonged suppression, reflected by augmentation of high-gamma activity lasting up to 100 ms followed by attenuation lasting up to 1000 ms, respectively. With a number of covariate factors incorporated into a prediction model, the eccentricity representation independently predicted the magnitude of post-activation suppression, which was more intense in regions representing more parafoveal visual fields compared to those of more peripheral fields. The initial negative component on VEP was sharply contoured and co-occurred with early high-gamma augmentation, whose offset then co-occurred with a large positive VEP peak. A delayed negative VEP peak was blunt and co-occurred with prolonged high-gamma attenuation. CONCLUSIONS Eccentricity-dependent gradient in neural suppression in the medial-occipital region may explain the functional difference between peripheral and parafoveal/central vision. Early negative and positive VEP components may reflect neural activation, whereas a delayed negative VEP peak reflecting neural suppression. SIGNIFICANCE Our observation provides the mechanistic rationale for transient scotoma or mild flash-blindness, characterized by physiological afterimage preferentially formed in central vision following intense but non-injurious light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 6418510, Japan
| | - Akari Nagashima
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Akane Hayakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Takuya Osuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ayaka Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Erik C Brown
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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18
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Kambara T, Sood S, Alqatan Z, Klingert C, Ratnam D, Hayakawa A, Nakai Y, Luat AF, Agarwal R, Rothermel R, Asano E. Presurgical language mapping using event-related high-gamma activity: The Detroit procedure. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 129:145-154. [PMID: 29190521 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of investigators have reported that event-related augmentation of high-gamma activity at 70-110 Hz on electrocorticography (ECoG) can localize functionally-important brain regions in children and adults who undergo epilepsy surgery. The advantages of ECoG-based language mapping over the gold-standard stimulation include: (i) lack of stimulation-induced seizures, (ii) better sensitivity of localization of language areas in young children, and (iii) shorter patient participant time. Despite its potential utility, ECoG-based language mapping is far less commonly practiced than stimulation mapping. Here, we have provided video presentations to explain, point-by-point, our own hardware setting and time-frequency analysis procedures. We also have provided standardized auditory stimuli, in multiple languages, ready to be used for ECoG-based language mapping. Finally, we discussed the technical aspects of ECoG-based mapping, including its pitfalls, to facilitate appropriate interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimune Kambara
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 1020083, Japan
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zahraa Alqatan
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Diksha Ratnam
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Akane Hayakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yasuo Nakai
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rajkumar Agarwal
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Robert Rothermel
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Nakai Y, Jeong JW, Brown EC, Rothermel R, Kojima K, Kambara T, Shah A, Mittal S, Sood S, Asano E. Three- and four-dimensional mapping of speech and language in patients with epilepsy. Brain 2017; 140:1351-1370. [PMID: 28334963 PMCID: PMC5405238 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have provided 3-D and 4D mapping of speech and language function based upon the results of direct cortical stimulation and event-related modulation of electrocorticography signals. Patients estimated to have right-hemispheric language dominance were excluded. Thus, 100 patients who underwent two-stage epilepsy surgery with chronic electrocorticography recording were studied. An older group consisted of 84 patients at least 10 years of age (7367 artefact-free non-epileptic electrodes), whereas a younger group included 16 children younger than age 10 (1438 electrodes). The probability of symptoms transiently induced by electrical stimulation was delineated on a 3D average surface image. The electrocorticography amplitude changes of high-gamma (70-110 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) activities during an auditory-naming task were animated on the average surface image in a 4D manner. Thereby, high-gamma augmentation and beta attenuation were treated as summary measures of cortical activation. Stimulation data indicated the causal relationship between (i) superior-temporal gyrus of either hemisphere and auditory hallucination; (ii) left superior-/middle-temporal gyri and receptive aphasia; (iii) widespread temporal/frontal lobe regions of the left hemisphere and expressive aphasia; and (iv) bilateral precentral/left posterior superior-frontal regions and speech arrest. On electrocorticography analysis, high-gamma augmentation involved the bilateral superior-temporal and precentral gyri immediately following question onset; at the same time, high-gamma activity was attenuated in the left orbitofrontal gyrus. High-gamma activity was augmented in the left temporal/frontal lobe regions, as well as left inferior-parietal and cingulate regions, maximally around question offset, with high-gamma augmentation in the left pars orbitalis inferior-frontal, middle-frontal, and inferior-parietal regions preceded by high-gamma attenuation in the contralateral homotopic regions. Immediately before verbal response, high-gamma augmentation involved the posterior superior-frontal and pre/postcentral regions, bilaterally. Beta-attenuation was spatially and temporally correlated with high-gamma augmentation in general but with exceptions. The younger and older groups shared similar spatial-temporal profiles of high-gamma and beta modulation; except, the younger group failed to show left-dominant activation in the rostral middle-frontal and pars orbitalis inferior-frontal regions around stimulus offset. The human brain may rapidly and alternately activate and deactivate cortical areas advantageous or obtrusive to function directed toward speech and language at a given moment. Increased left-dominant activation in the anterior frontal structures in the older age group may reflect developmental consolidation of the language system. The results of our functional mapping may be useful in predicting, across not only space but also time and patient age, sites specific to language function for presurgical evaluation of focal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama, 6418510, Japan
| | - Jeong-Won Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Erik C Brown
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Robert Rothermel
- Department of Psychiatry, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Katsuaki Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Toshimune Kambara
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 1020083, Japan
| | - Aashit Shah
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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20
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Zea Vera A, Aungaroon G, Horn PS, Byars AW, Greiner HM, Tenney JR, Arthur TM, Crone NE, Holland KD, Mangano FT, Arya R. Language and motor function thresholds during pediatric extra-operative electrical cortical stimulation brain mapping. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:2087-2093. [PMID: 28774583 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine current thresholds and their determinants for language and motor mapping with extra-operative electrical cortical stimulation (ECS). METHODS ECS electrocorticograph recordings were reviewed to determine functional thresholds. Predictors of functional thresholds were found with multivariable analyses. RESULTS In 122 patients (age 11.9±5.4years), average minimum, frontal, and temporal language thresholds were 7.4 (± 3.0), 7.8 (± 3.0), and 7.4 (± 3.1) mA respectively. Average minimum, face, upper and lower extremity motor thresholds were 5.4 (± 2.8), 6.1 (± 2.8), 4.9 (± 2.3), and 5.3 (± 3.3) mA respectively. Functional and after-discharge (AD)/seizure thresholds were significantly related. Minimum, frontal, and temporal language thresholds were higher than AD thresholds at all ages. Minimum motor threshold was higher than minimum AD threshold up to 8.0years of age, face motor threshold was higher than frontal AD threshold up to 11.8years age, and lower subsequently. UE motor thresholds remained below frontal AD thresholds throughout the age range. CONCLUSIONS Functional thresholds are frequently above AD thresholds in younger children. SIGNIFICANCE These findings raise concerns about safety and neurophysiologic validity of ECS mapping. Functional and AD/seizure thresholds relationships suggest individual differences in cortical excitability which cannot be explained by clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Zea Vera
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gewalin Aungaroon
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Tenney
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Todd M Arthur
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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21
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Arya R, Wilson JA, Fujiwara H, Rozhkov L, Leach JL, Byars AW, Greiner HM, Vannest J, Buroker J, Milsap G, Ervin B, Minai A, Horn PS, Holland KD, Mangano FT, Crone NE, Rose DF. Presurgical language localization with visual naming associated ECoG high- gamma modulation in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia 2017; 58:663-673. [PMID: 28225156 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective study compared presurgical language localization with visual naming-associated high-γ modulation (HGM) and conventional electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) in children with intracranial electrodes. METHODS Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who were undergoing intracranial monitoring were included if able to name pictures. Electrocorticography (ECoG) signals were recorded during picture naming (overt and covert) and quiet baseline. For each electrode the likelihood of high-γ (70-116 Hz) power modulation during naming task relative to the baseline was estimated. Electrodes with significant HGM were plotted on a three-dimensional (3D) cortical surface model. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated compared to clinical ECS. RESULTS Seventeen patients with mean age of 11.3 years (range 4-19) were included. In patients with left hemisphere electrodes (n = 10), HGM during overt naming showed high specificity (0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-0.85), and accuracy (0.71, 95% CI 0.66-0.75, p < 0.001), but modest sensitivity (0.47) when ECS interference with naming (aphasia or paraphasic errors) and/or oral motor function was regarded as the gold standard. Similar results were reproduced by comparing covert naming-associated HGM with ECS naming sites. With right hemisphere electrodes (n = 7), no ECS-naming deficits were seen without interference with oral-motor function. HGM mapping showed a high specificity (0.81, 95% CI 0.78-0.84), and accuracy (0.76, 95% CI 0.71-0.81, p = 0.006), but modest sensitivity (0.44) compared to ECS interference with oral-motor function. Naming-associated ECoG HGM was consistently observed over Broca's area (left posterior inferior-frontal gyrus), bilateral oral/facial motor cortex, and sometimes over the temporal pole. SIGNIFICANCE This study supports the use of ECoG HGM mapping in children in whom adverse events preclude ECS, or as a screening method to prioritize electrodes for ECS testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Arya
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - J Adam Wilson
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.,Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Hisako Fujiwara
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Leonid Rozhkov
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - James L Leach
- Division of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Anna W Byars
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Hansel M Greiner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Jason Buroker
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.,Division of Clinical Engineering, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Griffin Milsap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Brian Ervin
- Complex Adaptive Systems Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Ali Minai
- Complex Adaptive Systems Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Paul S Horn
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Douglas F Rose
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
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22
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Abstract
The neural processes that underlie your ability to read and understand this sentence are unknown. Sentence comprehension occurs very rapidly, and can only be understood at a mechanistic level by discovering the precise sequence of underlying computational and neural events. However, we have no continuous and online neural measure of sentence processing with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here we report just such a measure: intracranial recordings from the surface of the human brain show that neural activity, indexed by γ-power, increases monotonically over the course of a sentence as people read it. This steady increase in activity is absent when people read and remember nonword-lists, despite the higher cognitive demand entailed, ruling out accounts in terms of generic attention, working memory, and cognitive load. Response increases are lower for sentence structure without meaning ("Jabberwocky" sentences) and word meaning without sentence structure (word-lists), showing that this effect is not explained by responses to syntax or word meaning alone. Instead, the full effect is found only for sentences, implicating compositional processes of sentence understanding, a striking and unique feature of human language not shared with animal communication systems. This work opens up new avenues for investigating the sequence of neural events that underlie the construction of linguistic meaning.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of the cortiQ-based mapping system (g.tec medication engineering GmbH, Austria) for real-time functional mapping (RTFM) and to compare it to results from electrical cortical stimulation mapping (ESM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS Electrocorticographic activity was recorded in 3 male patients with intractable epilepsy by using cortiQ mapping system and analyzed in real time. Activation related to motor, sensory, and receptive language tasks was determined by evaluating the power of the high gamma frequency band (60-170 Hz). The sensitivity and specificity of RTFM were tested against ESM and fMRI results. RESULTS "Next-neighbor" approach demonstrated [sensitivity/specificity %] (1) RTFM against ESM: 100.00/79.70 for hand motor; 100.00/73.87 for hand sensory; -/87 for language (it was not identified by the ESM); (2) RTFM against fMRI: 100.00/84.4 for hand motor; 66.70/85.35 for hand sensory; and 87.85/77.70 for language. CONCLUSIONS The results of the quantitative "next-neighbor" RTFM evaluation were concordant to those from ESM and fMRI. The RTFM correlates well with localization of hand motor function provided by ESM and fMRI, which may offer added localization in the operating room and guidance for extraoperative ESM mapping. Real-time functional mapping correlates with fMRI language activation when ESM findings are negative. It has fewer limitations than ESM and greater flexibility in activation paradigms and measuring responses.
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24
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Wang Y, Fifer MS, Flinker A, Korzeniewska A, Cervenka MC, Anderson WS, Boatman-Reich DF, Crone NE. Spatial-temporal functional mapping of language at the bedside with electrocorticography. Neurology 2016; 86:1181-9. [PMID: 26935890 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility and clinical utility of using passive electrocorticography (ECoG) for online spatial-temporal functional mapping (STFM) of language cortex in patients being monitored for epilepsy surgery. METHODS We developed and tested an online system that exploits ECoG's temporal resolution to display the evolution of statistically significant high gamma (70-110 Hz) responses across all recording sites activated by a discrete cognitive task. We illustrate how this spatial-temporal evolution can be used to study the function of individual recording sites engaged during different language tasks, and how this approach can be particularly useful for mapping eloquent cortex. RESULTS Using electrocortical stimulation mapping (ESM) as the clinical gold standard for localizing language cortex, the average sensitivity and specificity of online STFM across 7 patients were 69.9% and 83.5%, respectively. Moreover, relative to regions of interest where discrete cortical lesions have most reliably caused language impairments in the literature, the sensitivity of STFM was significantly greater than that of ESM, while its specificity was also greater than that of ESM, though not significantly so. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the feasibility and clinical utility of online STFM for mapping human language function, particularly under clinical circumstances in which time is limited and comprehensive ESM is impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.W., A.K., M.C.C., D.F.B.-R., N.E.C.), Biomedical Engineering (M.S.F.), and Neurosurgery (W.S.A.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Fischell Department of Bioengineering (Y.W.), University of Maryland College Park; and Department of Psychology (A.F.), New York University, New York.
| | - Matthew S Fifer
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.W., A.K., M.C.C., D.F.B.-R., N.E.C.), Biomedical Engineering (M.S.F.), and Neurosurgery (W.S.A.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Fischell Department of Bioengineering (Y.W.), University of Maryland College Park; and Department of Psychology (A.F.), New York University, New York
| | - Adeen Flinker
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.W., A.K., M.C.C., D.F.B.-R., N.E.C.), Biomedical Engineering (M.S.F.), and Neurosurgery (W.S.A.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Fischell Department of Bioengineering (Y.W.), University of Maryland College Park; and Department of Psychology (A.F.), New York University, New York
| | - Anna Korzeniewska
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.W., A.K., M.C.C., D.F.B.-R., N.E.C.), Biomedical Engineering (M.S.F.), and Neurosurgery (W.S.A.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Fischell Department of Bioengineering (Y.W.), University of Maryland College Park; and Department of Psychology (A.F.), New York University, New York
| | - Mackenzie C Cervenka
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.W., A.K., M.C.C., D.F.B.-R., N.E.C.), Biomedical Engineering (M.S.F.), and Neurosurgery (W.S.A.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Fischell Department of Bioengineering (Y.W.), University of Maryland College Park; and Department of Psychology (A.F.), New York University, New York
| | - William S Anderson
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.W., A.K., M.C.C., D.F.B.-R., N.E.C.), Biomedical Engineering (M.S.F.), and Neurosurgery (W.S.A.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Fischell Department of Bioengineering (Y.W.), University of Maryland College Park; and Department of Psychology (A.F.), New York University, New York
| | - Dana F Boatman-Reich
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.W., A.K., M.C.C., D.F.B.-R., N.E.C.), Biomedical Engineering (M.S.F.), and Neurosurgery (W.S.A.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Fischell Department of Bioengineering (Y.W.), University of Maryland College Park; and Department of Psychology (A.F.), New York University, New York
| | - Nathan E Crone
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.W., A.K., M.C.C., D.F.B.-R., N.E.C.), Biomedical Engineering (M.S.F.), and Neurosurgery (W.S.A.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Fischell Department of Bioengineering (Y.W.), University of Maryland College Park; and Department of Psychology (A.F.), New York University, New York
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Mooij AH, Huiskamp GJ, Gosselaar PH, Ferrier CH. Electrocorticographic language mapping with a listening task consisting of alternating speech and music phrases. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1113-1119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matsuzaki N, Schwarzlose RF, Nishida M, Ofen N, Asano E. Upright face-preferential high-gamma responses in lower-order visual areas: evidence from intracranial recordings in children. Neuroimage 2015; 109:249-59. [PMID: 25579446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral studies demonstrate that a face presented in the upright orientation attracts attention more rapidly than an inverted face. Saccades toward an upright face take place in 100-140 ms following presentation. The present study using electrocorticography determined whether upright face-preferential neural activation, as reflected by augmentation of high-gamma activity at 80-150 Hz, involved the lower-order visual cortex within the first 100 ms post-stimulus presentation. Sampled lower-order visual areas were verified by the induction of phosphenes upon electrical stimulation. These areas resided in the lateral-occipital, lingual, and cuneus gyri along the calcarine sulcus, roughly corresponding to V1 and V2. Measurement of high-gamma augmentation during central (circular) and peripheral (annular) checkerboard reversal pattern stimulation indicated that central-field stimuli were processed by the more polar surface whereas peripheral-field stimuli by the more anterior medial surface. Upright face stimuli, compared to inverted ones, elicited up to 23% larger augmentation of high-gamma activity in the lower-order visual regions at 40-90 ms. Upright face-preferential high-gamma augmentation was more highly correlated with high-gamma augmentation for central than peripheral stimuli. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that lower-order visual regions, especially those for the central field, are involved in visual cues for rapid detection of upright face stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Rebecca F Schwarzlose
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Cell Press, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Masaaki Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Hanyu General Hospital, Hanyu City, Saitama 348-8505, Japan
| | - Noa Ofen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Kadipasaoglu CM, Baboyan VG, Conner CR, Chen G, Saad ZS, Tandon N. Surface-based mixed effects multilevel analysis of grouped human electrocorticography. Neuroimage 2014; 101:215-24. [PMID: 25019677 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocorticography (ECoG) in humans yields data with unmatched spatio-temporal resolution that provides novel insights into cognitive operations. However, the broader application of ECoG has been confounded by difficulties in accurately depicting individual data and performing statistically valid population-level analyses. To overcome these limitations, we developed methods for accurately registering ECoG data to individual cortical topology. We integrated this technique with surface-based co-registration and a mixed-effects multilevel analysis (MEMA) to control for variable cortical surface anatomy and sparse coverage across patients, as well as intra- and inter-subject variability. We applied this surface-based MEMA (SB-MEMA) technique to a face-recognition task dataset (n=22). Compared against existing techniques, SB-MEMA yielded results much more consistent with individual data and with meta-analyses of face-specific activation studies. We anticipate that SB-MEMA will greatly expand the role of ECoG in studies of human cognition, and will enable the generation of population-level brain activity maps and accurate multimodal comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Kadipasaoglu
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Univ. of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Suite G.550D, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - V G Baboyan
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Univ. of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Suite G.550D, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C R Conner
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Univ. of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Suite G.550D, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - G Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH/NIH/DHHS, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Z S Saad
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, NIMH/NIH/DHHS, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - N Tandon
- Vivian Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Univ. of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Suite G.550D, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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28
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Mapping mental calculation systems with electrocorticography. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 126:39-46. [PMID: 24877680 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated intracranially-recorded gamma activity during calculation tasks to better understand the cortical dynamics of calculation. METHODS We studied 11 patients with focal epilepsy (age range: 9-28years) who underwent measurement of calculation- and naming-related gamma-augmentation during extraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG). The patients were instructed to overtly verbalize a one-word answer in response to auditorily-delivered calculation and naming questions. The assigned calculation tasks were addition and subtraction involving integers between 1 and 17. RESULTS Out of the 1001 analyzed cortical electrode sites, 63 showed gamma-augmentation at 50-120Hz elicited by both tasks, 88 specifically during naming, and 7 specifically during calculation. Common gamma-augmentation mainly took place in the Rolandic regions. Calculation-specific gamma-augmentation, involving the period between the question-offset and response-onset, was noted in the middle-temporal, inferior-parietal, inferior post-central, middle-frontal, and premotor regions of the left hemisphere. Calculation-specific gamma-augmentation in the middle-temporal, inferior-parietal, and inferior post-central regions peaked around the question offset, while that in the frontal lobe peaked after the question offset and before the response onset. This study failed to detect a significant difference in calculation-specific gamma amplitude between easy trials and difficult ones requiring multi-digit operations. CONCLUSIONS Auditorily-delivered stimuli can elicit calculation-specific gamma-augmentation in multiple regions of the left hemisphere including the parietal region. However, the additive diagnostic value of measurement of gamma-augmentation related to a simple calculation task appears modest. SIGNIFICANCE Further studies are warranted to determine the functional significance of calculation-specific gamma-augmentation in each site, and to establish the optimal protocol for mapping mental calculation.
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Cho-Hisamoto Y, Kojima K, Brown EC, Matsuzaki N, Asano E. Gamma activity modulated by naming of ambiguous and unambiguous images: intracranial recording. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 126:17-26. [PMID: 24815577 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Humans sometimes need to recognize objects based on vague and ambiguous silhouettes. Recognition of such images may require an intuitive guess. We determined the spatial-temporal characteristics of intracranially-recorded gamma activity (at 50-120Hz) augmented differentially by naming of ambiguous and unambiguous images. METHODS We studied 10 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery. Ambiguous and unambiguous images were presented during extraoperative electrocorticography recording, and patients were instructed to overtly name the object as it is first perceived. RESULTS Both naming tasks were commonly associated with gamma-augmentation sequentially involving the occipital and occipital-temporal regions, bilaterally, within 200ms after the onset of image presentation. Naming of ambiguous images elicited gamma-augmentation specifically involving portions of the inferior-frontal, orbitofrontal, and inferior-parietal regions at 400ms and after. Unambiguous images were associated with more intense gamma-augmentation in portions of the occipital and occipital-temporal regions. CONCLUSIONS Frontal-parietal gamma-augmentation specific to ambiguous images may reflect the additional cortical processing involved in exerting intuitive guess. Occipital gamma-augmentation enhanced during naming of unambiguous images can be explained by visual processing of stimuli with richer detail. SIGNIFICANCE Our results support the theoretical model that guessing processes in visual domain occur following the accumulation of sensory evidence resulting from the bottom-up processing in the occipital-temporal visual pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Cho-Hisamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Katsuaki Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Erik C Brown
- MD-PhD Program, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Naoyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Toyoda G, Brown EC, Matsuzaki N, Kojima K, Nishida M, Asano E. Electrocorticographic correlates of overt articulation of 44 English phonemes: intracranial recording in children with focal epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:1129-37. [PMID: 24315545 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined the temporal-spatial patterns of electrocorticography (ECoG) signal modulation during overt articulation of 44 American English phonemes. METHODS We studied two children with focal epilepsy who underwent extraoperative ECoG recording. Using animation movies, we delineated 'when' and 'where' gamma- (70-110 Hz) and low-frequency-band activities (10-30 Hz) were modulated during self-paced articulation. RESULTS Regardless of the classes of phoneme articulated, gamma-augmentation initially involved a common site within the left inferior Rolandic area. Subsequently, gamma-augmentation and/or attenuation involved distinct sites within the left oral-sensorimotor area with a timing variable across phonemes. Finally, gamma-augmentation in a larynx-sensorimotor area took place uniformly at the onset of sound generation, and effectively distinguished voiced and voiceless phonemes. Gamma-attenuation involved the left inferior-frontal and superior-temporal regions simultaneously during articulation. Low-frequency band attenuation involved widespread regions including the frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results support the notion that articulation of distinct phonemes recruits specific sensorimotor activation and deactivation. Gamma attenuation in the left inferior-frontal and superior-temporal regions may reflect transient functional suppression in these cortical regions during automatic, self-paced vocalization of phonemes containing no semantic or syntactic information. SIGNIFICANCE Further studies are warranted to determine if measurement of event-related modulations of gamma-band activity, compared to that of the low-frequency-band, is more useful for decoding the underlying articulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goichiro Toyoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Erik C Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; MD-PhD Program, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Naoyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Katsuaki Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Masaaki Nishida
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Hanyu General Hospital, Hanyu City, Saitama 348-8508, Japan
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Kojima K, Brown EC, Matsuzaki N, Asano E. Animal category-preferential gamma-band responses in the lower- and higher-order visual areas: intracranial recording in children. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:2368-77. [PMID: 23910987 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined where and when category-preferential augmentation of gamma activity took place during naming of animal or non-animal pictures. METHODS We studied 41 patients with focal epilepsy who underwent measurement of naming-related gamma-augmentation at 50-120 Hz during extraoperative electrocorticography. The assigned task consisted of naming of a visually-presented object classified as either 'animal' or 'non-animal'. RESULTS Within 80 ms following the onset of picture presentation, regardless of stimulus type, gamma-activity in bilateral occipital regions began to be augmented compared to the resting period. Initially in the occipital poles (at 140 ms and after) and subsequently in the lateral, inferior and medial occipital regions (at 320 ms and after), the degree of gamma-augmentation elicited by 'animal naming' became larger (by up to 52%) than that by 'non-animal naming'. Immediately prior to the overt response, left inferior frontal gamma-augmentation became modestly larger during 'animal naming' compared to 'non-animal naming'. CONCLUSIONS Animal category-preferential gamma-augmentation sequentially involved the lower- and higher-order visual areas. Relatively larger occipital gamma-augmentation during 'animal naming' can be attributed to the more attentive analysis of animal stimuli including the face. Animal-preferential gamma-augmentation in the left inferior frontal region could be attributed to a need for selective semantic retrieval during 'animal naming'. SIGNIFICANCE A specific program of cortical processing to distinguish an animal (or face) from other objects might be initiated in the lower-order visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Uematsu M, Matsuzaki N, Brown EC, Kojima K, Asano E. Human occipital cortices differentially exert saccadic suppression: Intracranial recording in children. Neuroimage 2013; 83:224-36. [PMID: 23792979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By repeating saccades unconsciously, humans explore the surrounding world every day. Saccades inevitably move external visual images across the retina at high velocity; nonetheless, healthy humans don't perceive transient blurring of the visual scene during saccades. This perceptual stability is referred to as saccadic suppression. Functional suppression is believed to take place transiently in the visual systems, but it remains unknown how commonly or differentially the human occipital lobe activities are suppressed at the large-scale cortical network level. We determined the spatial-temporal dynamics of intracranially-recorded gamma activity at 80-150 Hz around spontaneous saccades under no-task conditions during wakefulness and those in darkness during REM sleep. Regardless of wakefulness or REM sleep, a small degree of attenuation of gamma activity was noted in the occipital regions during saccades, most extensively in the polar and least in the medial portions. Longer saccades were associated with more intense gamma-attenuation. Gamma-attenuation was subsequently followed by gamma-augmentation most extensively involving the medial and least involving the polar occipital region. Such gamma-augmentation was more intense during wakefulness and temporally locked to the offset of saccades. The polarities of initial peaks of perisaccadic event-related potentials (ERPs) were frequently positive in the medial and negative in the polar occipital regions. The present study, for the first time, provided the electrophysiological evidence that human occipital cortices differentially exert perisaccadic modulation. Transiently suppressed sensitivity of the primary visual cortex in the polar region may be an important neural basis for saccadic suppression. Presence of occipital gamma-attenuation even during REM sleep suggests that saccadic suppression might be exerted even without external visual inputs. The primary visual cortex in the medial region, compared to the polar region, may be more sensitive to an upcoming visual scene provided at the offset of each saccade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsugu Uematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Bauer P, Zijlmans M. Can task-related gamma activity guide the neurosurgeon in epilepsy surgery? Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:1710-1. [PMID: 23643310 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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