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Avila EK, Tobochnik S, Inati SK, Koekkoek JAF, McKhann GM, Riviello JJ, Rudà R, Schiff D, Tatum WO, Templer JW, Weller M, Wen PY. Brain tumor-related epilepsy management: A Society for Neuro-oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:7-24. [PMID: 37699031 PMCID: PMC10768995 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-related epilepsy (TRE) is a frequent and major consequence of brain tumors. Management of TRE is required throughout the course of disease and a deep understanding of diagnosis and treatment is key to improving quality of life. Gross total resection is favored from both an oncologic and epilepsy perspective. Shared mechanisms of tumor growth and epilepsy exist, and emerging data will provide better targeted therapy options. Initial treatment with antiseizure medications (ASM) in conjunction with surgery and/or chemoradiotherapy is typical. The first choice of ASM is critical to optimize seizure control and tolerability considering the effects of the tumor itself. These agents carry a potential for drug-drug interactions and therefore knowledge of mechanisms of action and interactions is needed. A review of adverse effects is necessary to guide ASM adjustments and decision-making. This review highlights the essential aspects of diagnosis and treatment of TRE with ASMs, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy while indicating areas of uncertainty. Future studies should consider the use of a standardized method of seizure tracking and incorporating seizure outcomes as a primary endpoint of tumor treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Avila
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Tobochnik
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara K Inati
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Johan A F Koekkoek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Guy M McKhann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James J Riviello
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roberta Rudà
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini,” University of Turin, Italy
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - William O Tatum
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jessica W Templer
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Centre, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Center, and Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Freund BE, Feyissa AM, Khan A, Middlebrooks EH, Grewal SS, Sabsevitz D, Sherman WJ, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Tatum WO. Early Postoperative Seizures Following Awake Craniotomy and Functional Brain Mapping for Lesionectomy. World Neurosurg 2024; 181:e732-e742. [PMID: 37898274 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Awake craniotomy with electrocorticography (ECoG) and direct electrical stimulation (DES) facilitates lesionectomy while avoiding adverse effects. Early postoperative seizures (EPS), occurring within 7 days following surgery, can lead to morbidity. However, risk factors for EPS after awake craniotomy including clinical and ECoG data are not well defined. METHODS We retrospectively studied the incidence and risk factors of EPS following awake craniotomy for lesionectomy, and report short-term outcomes between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. RESULTS We included 138 patients (56 female) who underwent 142 awake craniotomies, average age was 50.78 ± 15.97 years. Eighty-eight (63.7%) patients had a preoperative history of tumor-related epilepsy treated with antiseizure medication (ASM), 12 (13.6%) with drug-resistance. All others (36.3%) received ASM prophylaxis with levetiracetam perioperatively and continued for 14 days. An equal number of cases (71) each utilized a novel circle grid or strip electrodes for ECoG. There were 31 (21.8%) cases of intraoperative seizures, 16 with EPS (11.3%). Acute abnormality on early postoperative neuroimaging (P = 0.01), subarachnoid hemorrhage (P = 0.01), young age (P = 0.01), and persistent postoperative neurologic deficits (P = 0.013) were associated with EPS. Acute abnormality on neuroimaging remained significant in multivariate analysis. Outcomes during hospitalization and early outpatient follow up were worse with EPS. CONCLUSIONS We report novel findings using ECoG and clinical features to predict EPS, including acute perioperative brain injury, persistent postoperative deficits and young age. Given worse outcomes with EPS, clinical indicators for EPS should alert clinicians of potential need for early postoperative EEG monitoring and perioperative ASM adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brin E Freund
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
| | | | - Aafreen Khan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sanjeet S Grewal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - David Sabsevitz
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy J Sherman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - William O Tatum
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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3
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Freund BE, Feyissa AM, Khan A, Sirven JI, Grewal SS, Sabsevitz D, Moniz-Garcia D, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Tatum WO. Enhanced sensitivity of electrocorticography during awake craniotomy using a novel circular grid electrode. J Neurooncol 2023; 165:313-320. [PMID: 37932608 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Awake craniotomy with intraoperative functional brain mapping (FBM) bedside neurological testing is an important technique used to optimize resective brain surgeries near eloquent cortex. Awake craniotomy performed with electrocorticography (ECoG) and direct electrical stimulation (DES) for FBM can delineate eloquent cortex from lesions and epileptogenic regions. However, current electrode technology demonstrates spatial limitations. Our group has developed a novel circular grid with the goal of improving spatial recording of ECoG to enhance detection of ictal and interictal activity. METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board at Mayo Clinic Florida. We analyzed patients undergoing awake craniotomy with ECoG and DES and compared ECoG data obtained using the 22 contact circular grid to standard 6 contact strip electrode. RESULTS We included 144 cases of awake craniotomy with ECoG, 73 using circular grid and 71 with strip electrode. No significant differences were seen regarding preoperative clinical and demographic data, duration of ECoG recording (p = 0.676) and use of DES (p = 0.926). Circular grid was more sensitive in detecting periodic focal epileptiform discharges (PFEDs) (p = 0.004), PFEDs plus (p = 0.032), afterdischarges (ADs) per case (p = 0.022) at lower minimum (p = 0.012) and maximum (p < 0.0012) intensity stimulation, and seizures (p = 0.048). PFEDs (p < 0.001), PFEDs plus (p < 0.001), and HFOs (p < 0.001) but not ADs (p = 0.255) predicted electrographic seizures. CONCLUSION We demonstrate higher sensitivity in detecting ictal and interictal activity on ECoG during awake craniotomy with a novel circular grid compared to strip electrode, likely due to better spatial sampling during ECoG. We also found association between PFEDs and intraoperative seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brin E Freund
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Aafreen Khan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David Sabsevitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Freund BE, Sherman WJ, Sabsevitz DS, Middlebrooks EH, Feyissa AM, Garcia DM, Grewal SS, Chaichana KL, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Tatum WO. Can we improve electrocorticography using a circular grid array in brain tumor surgery? Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9:065027. [PMID: 37871586 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad05dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative electrocorticography (iECoG) is used as an adjunct to localize the epileptogenic zone during surgical resection of brain tumors in patients with focal epilepsies. It also enables monitoring of after-discharges and seizures with EEG during functional brain mapping with electrical stimulation. When seizures or after-discharges are present, they complicate accurate interpretation of the mapping strategy to outline the brain's eloquent function and can affect the surgical procedure. Recurrent seizures during surgery requires urgent treatment and, when occurring during awake craniotomy, often leads to premature termination of brain mapping due to post-ictal confusion or sedation from acute rescue therapy. There are mixed results in studies on efficacy with iECoG in patients with epilepsy and brain tumors influencing survival and functional outcomes following surgery. Commercially available electrode arrays have inherent limitations. These could be improved with customization potentially leading to greater precision in safe and maximal resection of brain tumors. Few studies have assessed customized electrode grid designs as an alternative to commercially available products. Higher density electrode grids with intercontact distances less than 1 cm improve spatial delineation of electrophysiologic sources, including epileptiform activity, electrographic seizures, and afterdischarges on iECoG during functional brain mapping. In response to the shortcomings of current iECoG grid technologies, we designed and developed a novel higher-density hollow circular electrode grid array. The 360-degree iECoG monitoring capability allows continuous EEG recording during surgical intervention through the aperture with and without electrical stimulation mapping. Compared with linear strip electrodes that are commonly used for iECoG during surgery, the circular grid demonstrates significant benefits in brain tumor surgery. This includes quicker recovery of post-operative motor deficits (2.4 days versus 9 days, p = 0.05), more extensive tumor resection (92.0% versus 77.6%, p = 0.003), lesser reduction in Karnofsky Performance scale postoperatively (-2 versus -11.6, p = 0.007), and more sensitivity to recording afterdischarges. In this narrative review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of commercially available recording devices in the operating room and focus on the usefulness of the higher-density circular grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brin E Freund
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Wendy J Sherman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - David S Sabsevitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Anteneh M Feyissa
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Diogo Moniz Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Sanjeet S Grewal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Kaisorn L Chaichana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - William O Tatum
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
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Cognitive issues in patients with IDH mutant gliomas: from neuroscience to clinical neuropsychology. J Neurooncol 2023; 162:525-533. [PMID: 36940053 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The understanding of cognitive symptoms in patients with IDH-Mutant gliomas (IDH-Mut) is rapidly developing. In this article, we summarize the neuroscientific knowledge base regarding the influence of IDH-Mut tumors and their treatment on cognition and provide guidance regarding the management of these symptoms in patients. METHODS We performed a review of peer reviewed publications relevant to IDH-Mut glioma and cognitive outcomes and provide an overview of the literature as well as a case example to clarify management strategies. RESULTS At the time of presentation, patients with IDH-Mut gliomas have a favorable cognitive profile as compared with those with IDH-wild type (WT) tumors. The relatively low cognitive burden may reflect the slower growth rate of IDH-Mut tumors, which is less disruptive to both local and widespread neural networks. Human connectomic research using a variety of modalities has demonstrated relatively preserved network efficiency in patients with IDH-Mut gliomas as compared with IDH-WT tumors. Risk of cognitive decline from surgery can potentially be mitigated by careful integration of intra-operative mapping. Longer term cognitive risks of tumor treatment, including chemotherapy and radiation, are best managed by instituting neuropsychological assessment as part of the long-term care of patients with IDH-Mutant glioma. A specific timeline for such integrative care is provided. CONCLUSIONS Given the relative recency of the IDH-mutation based classification of gliomas, as well as the long time course of this disease, a thoughtful and comprehensive strategy to studying patient outcomes and devising methods of cognitive risk reduction is required.
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Tatum WO. EEG Essentials. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2022; 28:261-305. [PMID: 35393960 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW EEG is the best study for evaluating the electrophysiologic function of the brain. The relevance of EEG is based on an accurate interpretation of the recording. Understanding the neuroscientific basis for EEG is essential. The basis for recording and interpreting EEG is both brain site-specific and technique-dependent to detect and represent a complex series of waveforms. Separating normal from abnormal EEG lies at the foundation of essential interpretative skills. RECENT FINDINGS Seizures and epilepsy are the primary targets for clinical use of EEG in diagnosis, seizure classification, and management. Interictal epileptiform discharges on EEG support a clinical diagnosis of seizures, but only when an electrographic seizure is recorded is the diagnosis confirmed. New variations of normal waveforms, benign variants, and artifacts can mimic epileptiform patterns and are potential pitfalls for misinterpretation for inexperienced interpreters. A plethora of medical conditions involve nonepileptiform and epileptiform abnormalities on EEG along the continuum of people who appear healthy to those who are critically ill. Emerging trends in long-term EEG monitoring to diagnose, classify, quantify, and characterize patients with seizures have unveiled epilepsy syndromes in patients and expanded medical and surgical options for treatment. Advances in terminology and application of continuous EEG help unify neurologists in the diagnosis of nonconvulsive seizures and status epilepticus in patients with encephalopathy and prognosticate recovery from serious neurologic injury involving the brain. SUMMARY After 100 years, EEG has retained a key role in the neurologist's toolkit as a safe, widely available, versatile, portable test of neurophysiology, and it is likely to remain at the forefront for patients with neurologic diseases. Interpreting EEG is based on qualitative review, and therefore, the accuracy of reporting is based on the interpreter's training, experience, and exposure to many new and older waveforms.
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Shahzadi A, Abrams M, Khatri D, D'Amico R, Langer D, Boockvar JA. Commentary: Intraoperative Seizure Detection During Active Resection of Glioblastoma Through a Novel Hollow Circular Electrocorticography Array. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:E571-E572. [PMID: 34624891 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andia Shahzadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Madeline Abrams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deepak Khatri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy D'Amico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Langer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York, USA
| | - John A Boockvar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, New York, USA
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Colaguori F, Marin-Mera M, McDonnell M, Martínez J, Valero-Moreno F, Damon A, Domingo RA, Clifton W, Fox WC, Chaichana K, Middlebrooks EH, Sabsevitz D, Forry R, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Three-Dimensionally Printed Surgical Simulation Tool for Brain Mapping Training and Preoperative Planning. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:523-532. [PMID: 34561704 PMCID: PMC8637789 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain mapping is the most reliable intraoperative tool for identifying surrounding functional cortical and subcortical brain parenchyma. Brain mapping procedures are nuanced and require a multidisciplinary team and a well-trained neurosurgeon. Current training methodology involves real-time observation and operation, without widely available surgical simulation. OBJECTIVE To develop a patient-specific, anatomically accurate, and electrically responsive biomimetic 3D-printed model for simulating brain mapping. METHODS Imaging data were converted into a 2-piece inverse 3D-rendered polyvinyl acetate shell forming an anatomically accurate brain mold. Functional and diffusion tensor imaging data were used to guide wire placement to approximate the projection fibers from the arm and leg areas in the motor homunculus. Electrical parameters were generated, and data were collected and processed to differentiate between the 2 tracts. For validation, the relationship between the electrical signal and the distance between the probe and the tract was quantified. Neurosurgeons and trainees were interviewed to assess the validity of the model. RESULTS Material testing of the brain component showed an elasticity modulus of 55 kPa (compared to 140 kPa of cadaveric brain), closely resembling the tactile feedback a live brain. The simulator's electrical properties approximated that of a live brain with a voltage-to-distance correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.86. Following 32 neurosurgeon interviews, ∼96% considered the model to be useful for training. CONCLUSION The realistic neural properties of the simulator greatly improve representation of a live surgical environment. This proof-of-concept model can be further developed to contain more complicated tractography, blood and cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and more in-depth feedback mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Damon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ricardo A Domingo
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - William Clifton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - W Christopher Fox
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kaisorn Chaichana
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - David Sabsevitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca Forry
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Correspondence: Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, MD, Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd. S, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. Twitter: @DoctorQMd
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9
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Domingo RA, Vivas-Buitrago T, De Biase G, Middlebrooks EH, Bechtle PS, Sabsevitz DS, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Tatum WO. Intraoperative Seizure Detection During Active Resection of Glioblastoma Through a Novel Hollow Circular Electrocorticography Array. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 21:E147-E152. [PMID: 33885817 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Data supporting the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) monitoring during electrical stimulation in awake craniotomies for resection of supratentorial neoplasms is robust, but its applicability during active resection is often limited by the inability to keep the array in place. Given the known survival benefit of gross total resection in glioma surgery, novel approaches to surgical monitoring are warranted to maximize safe resection and optimize surgical outcomes in patients with glioblastoma. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 68-yr-old right-handed woman presented to the emergency department with confusion. Imaging studies revealed a bifrontal intra-axial brain lesion. She underwent a left-sided awake craniotomy procedure with cortical and subcortical mapping. During surgical resection, multiple electrographic seizures were detected on continuous ECoG monitoring with a customized 22-channel high-density hollow circular array. She remained without clinical evidence of seizures at 3 mo after surgery. CONCLUSION We report a unique case of serial electrographic seizures detected during continuous intraoperative ECoG monitoring during active surgical resection of a glioblastoma using a novel circular hollow array during an awake craniotomy. The use of continuous ECoG monitoring during active resection may provide additional data, with potential influence in outcomes for patients undergoing resection of high-grade glial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Domingo
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Gaetano De Biase
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Perry S Bechtle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - David S Sabsevitz
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - William O Tatum
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Domingo RA, Vivas-Buitrago T, Sabsevitz DS, Middlebrooks EH, Quinones-Hinojosa A. Awake Craniotomy with Cortical and Subcortical Speech Mapping for Supramarginal Cavernoma Resection. World Neurosurg 2020; 141:260. [PMID: 32585378 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Awake craniotomy allows mapping of eloquent brain regions and monitoring neurocognitive functioning intraoperatively to maximize extent of resection and minimize cognitive morbidity.1,2 During resection of cavernous malformations in eloquent areas, intraoperative cognitive monitoring can also allow for safer maximal excision of the hemosiderin ring, which is correlated with improved seizure-free outcome.3,4 We present the case of a 33-year-old right-handed male with a new-onset seizure who presented to his local emergency department after experiencing visual hallucinations before losing consciousness. Computed tomography scan of the head revealed a calcified lesion in the left temporal/parietal area. Presurgical workup revealed left hemispheric language dominance and language activation within the overlying supramarginal gyrus representing phonologic working memory on functional magnetic resonance imaging.5 Diffusion tensor imaging identified the arcuate fasciculus and lateral portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus to be intimately associated with the deep margin of the lesion.6 After consent was obtained, we performed an awake craniotomy and resection of the lesion through a transsulcal approach, with eloquent cortical mapping using a novel high-density circular grid,7,8 as well as subcortical stimulation/mapping and continuous intraoperative cognitive monitoring using multiple language paradigms; the patient was baselined on these paradigms preoperatively (Video 1). Several phonologic/paraphasic errors were made during resection of the hemosiderin ring, likely related to mechanical manipulation. The patient was discharged to home on postoperative day 4 with outpatient speech therapy for speech hesitancy. At 1-week postoperative testing, language skills were considered within normal limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Domingo
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - David S Sabsevitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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ReFaey K, Tripathi S, Bhargav AG, Grewal SS, Middlebrooks EH, Sabsevitz DS, Jentoft M, Brunner P, Wu A, Tatum WO, Ritaccio A, Chaichana KL, Quinones-Hinojosa A. Potential differences between monolingual and bilingual patients in approach and outcome after awake brain surgery. J Neurooncol 2020; 148:587-598. [PMID: 32524393 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 20.8% of the United States population and 67% of the European population speak two or more languages. Intraoperative different languages, mapping, and localization are crucial. This investigation aims to address three questions between BL and ML patients: (1) Are there differences in complications (i.e. seizures) and DECS techniques during intra-operative brain mapping? (2) Is EOR different? and (3) Are there differences in the recovery pattern post-surgery? METHODS Data from 56 patients that underwent left-sided awake craniotomy for tumors infiltrating possible dominant hemisphere language areas from September 2016 to June 2019 were identified and analyzed in this study; 14 BL and 42 ML control patients. Patient demographics, education level, and the age of language acquisition were documented and evaluated. fMRI was performed on all participants. RESULTS 0 (0%) BL and 3 (7%) ML experienced intraoperative seizures (P = 0.73). BL patients received a higher direct DECS current in comparison to the ML patients (average = 4.7, 3.8, respectively, P = 0.03). The extent of resection was higher in ML patients in comparison to the BL patients (80.9 vs. 64.8, respectively, P = 0.04). The post-operative KPS scores were higher in BL patients in comparison to ML patients (84.3, 77.4, respectively, P = 0.03). BL showed lower drop in post-operative KPS in comparison to ML patients (- 4.3, - 8.7, respectively, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION We show that BL patients have a lower incidence of intra-operative seizures, lower EOR, higher post-operative KPS and tolerate higher DECS current, in comparison to ML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim ReFaey
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Shashwat Tripathi
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Adip G Bhargav
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sanjeet S Grewal
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - David S Sabsevitz
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mark Jentoft
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Brunner
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Adela Wu
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA. .,Brain Tumor Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd. S, FloridaJacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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