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Shuai J, Song S, Wang Z, Zeng R, Han X, Zhang X. MALDI-TOF nucleic acid mass spectrometry for simultaneously detection of fourteen porcine viruses and its application. J Virol Methods 2024; 329:114990. [PMID: 38925439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed infections of multiple viruses significantly contribute to the prevalence of swine diseases, adversely affecting global livestock production and the economy. However, effectively monitoring multiple viruses and detecting mixed infection samples remains challenging. This study describes a method that combines single-base extension PCR with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to detect important porcine viruses. RESULTS Our approach accurately and simultaneously identified 14 porcine viruses, including porcine circovirus types 1-3, porcine bocaviruses groups 1-3, African swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus, torque teno sus virus, swine influenza virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, classical swine fever virus, and foot-and-mouth disease virus. The low limit of detection for multiplex identification ranges from 13.54 to 1.59 copies/μL. Inter- and intra-assay stability was found to be ≥98.3 %. In a comprehensive analysis of 114 samples, the assay exhibited overall agreement with qPCR results of 97.9 %. CONCLUSIONS The developed MALDI-TOF NAMS assay exhibits high sensitivity, specificity, and reliability in detecting and distinguishing a wide spectrum of porcine viruses in complex matrix samples. This underscores its potential as an efficient diagnostic tool for porcine-derived virus surveillance and swine disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbing Shuai
- Hangzhou Customs Technical Center, Hangzhou 311202, China; Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shiqi Song
- Zhejiang Digena Diagnostic Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Zhongcai Wang
- Hangzhou Customs Technical Center, Hangzhou 311202, China
| | - Ruoxue Zeng
- Hangzhou Customs Technical Center, Hangzhou 311202, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Hangzhou Customs Technical Center, Hangzhou 311202, China; Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection & Quarantine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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Hasløv TH, Fuglsbjerg C, Nielsen AK, Hesselvig AB, Fritz BG, Bay L, Møller T, Bjarnsholt T, Odgaard A. Hair removal with a clipper and microbial colonisation prior to knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial. Infect Prev Pract 2024; 6:100377. [PMID: 39035677 PMCID: PMC11259930 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the widely reported success of knee arthroplasty, studies show that 1.6-3 % of patients undergo revision within the first postoperative year predominantly due to infection. Preoperative skin preparation may potentially decrease the bacterial load and consequently, the risk of periprosthetic joint infections. The effects of hair removal on prosthetic joint infection are inconsistent. Our primary aim was to investigate if hair removal with a clipper influenced skin colonisation and bacterial composition. Methods Forty Caucasian male participants who were planned to undergo knee arthroplasty, (mean age 63.8 years), were included. Patients were randomised to hair removal in a within-person study design. As a control, the opposite leg of the patient was used. Swabs were collected prior to hair removal (baseline), immediately after hair removal (Day 0), and with follow-up after one and seven days. Results The intervention showed significant decrease in mean log colony-forming units per. cm2 from baseline 2.97 to 2.67 (P<0.01) immediately after hair removal and sustained at Day 1 (P=0.01). At Day 7, the mean was non-significant compared to baseline. The control group did not show any decrease of skin microbiota at follow-up on Day 0, 1 or 7.No significant differences within the bacterial composition were found between the intervention and control leg at baseline among the six most prevalent detected bacterial species: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, S. hominis, S. capitis, S. haemolyticus and S. aureus. The study did not find any changes in the bacterial composition over time. Conclusion Hair removal with a clipper within 24 hours prior to surgery causes a significant non-selective reduction in skin colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilie Fuglsbjerg
- The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Kirstine Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Blaine Gabriel Fritz
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Bay
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Møller
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Anders Odgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet – Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zagui GS, de Almeida OGG, Moreira NC, Silva NGA, Meschede MSC, Darini ALC, Andrade LN, Segura-Muñoz SI. Hospital wastewater as source of human pathogenic bacteria: A phenotypic and genomic analysis of international high-risk clone VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235/O11. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119166. [PMID: 38759772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa belong to the special pathogen group capable of causing serious infections, with high mortality rates. The aim of this study was to describe the antibiotic resistance and genomic characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa belonging to international high-risk clone ST235 (GPAE0131 isolate), obtained from hospital wastewater. P. aeruginosa GPAE0131 was isolated from ward tertiary hospital in Brazil and the antibiotic resistance profile was determined by the disc-diffusion method. Genomic characteristics related to antibiotic resistance and virulence factors were evaluated by genomic DNA sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform and bioinformatic analysis. GPAE0131 isolate showed resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and tobramycin. Resistome comprehend of resistance genes to β-lactams (blaVIM-2, blaOXA-4, blaOXA-488, blaPDC-35), aminoglycosides (aph(3')-IIb, aac(6')-IIc, aac(6')-Ib9, aadA1), fosfomycin (fosA), chloramphenicol (catB7) and sulfonamides (sul1). Genome comparisons evidence insertion of blaVIM-2 and blaOXA-4 genes. GPAE0131 isolate was predicted to be pathogenic to humans and several virulence factors were found, including encoding gene for ExoU and exotoxin A. All of these features into a pathogenic international high-risk clone (ST235), classified as critical priority, stands out as public health concern due to the widespread dispersal of human pathogens through wastewater. It is suggested that mitigating measures be implemented, such as the treatment of hospital sewage and the addition of tertiary treatment, to prevent the escape of pathogens at this level into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Sgobbi Zagui
- Water Resources Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Marina Smidt Celere Meschede
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Collective Health (ISCO), Federal University of Western Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Susana Inés Segura-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Chaves AC, Boa Ventura PDV, Pereira MS, da Silva BF, de Carvalho FJN, Costa RA, Lima BP, Maciel WC, Carneiro VA. Preliminary snapshot reveals a relationship between multidrug-resistance and biofilm production among enterobacteriaceae isolated from fecal samples of farm-raised poultry in ceará, Brazil. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106778. [PMID: 38972366 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation by microbial pathogens pose a significant challenge to poultry production systems due to the persistent risk of dissemination and compromise of bird health and productivity. In this context, the study aimed to investigate the occurrence of different multiresistance phenotypes and the biofilm-forming ability of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from broiler chicken excreta in poultry production units in Ceará, Brazil. Samples were collected from three distinct broiler breeding facilities and subjected to isolation, identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, phenotypic screening for β-lactamases enzymes, and biofilm formation evaluation. Seventy-one strains were identified, being Escherichia coli (37 %) and Proteus mirabilis (32 %), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 %), Providencia stuartii (9 %), Klebsiella aerogenes (6 %), Alcaligenes faecalis (4 %), and Salmonella sp. (1 %). A significant proportion (87 %) of multiresistant strains were detected. For the phenotypic evaluation of β-lactamases production, strains with resistance to second and third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were tested. About 4 of 6 and 10 of 26 were positive for inducible chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), respectively. Regarding biofilm formation, it was observed that all MDR strains were capable of forming biofilm. In this sense the potential of these MDR bacteria to develop biofilms becomes a significant concern, representing a real threat to both human and animal health, as biofilms offer stability, antimicrobial protection, and facilitate genetic transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Carvalho Chaves
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil; Laboratory for Avian Pathological Studies (LABEO), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Vasconcelos Boa Ventura
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil; Laboratory for Avian Pathological Studies (LABEO), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | - Mainara Saraiva Pereira
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Benise Ferreira da Silva
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil; Northeast Network of Biotechnology Program (RENORBIO), State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Felipe José Negreiros de Carvalho
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Renata Albuquerque Costa
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pessoa Lima
- Laboratory for Avian Pathological Studies (LABEO), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | - William Cardoso Maciel
- Laboratory for Avian Pathological Studies (LABEO), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará - UECE, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, Brazil
| | - Victor Alves Carneiro
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62.050-100, Brazil.
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Maruri-Aransolo A, de Dios Caballero J, Michelena M, Medina-Pascual MJ, Carrasco G, Asensio O, Cols M, Cantón R. Evaluation of CHROMagar™ B. cepacia agar for the detection of Burkholderia cepacia complex species from sputum samples of patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1349-1353. [PMID: 38780755 PMCID: PMC11271321 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) are non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria that can chronically colonize the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), causing a severe and progressive respiratory failure, post-transplant complications and epidemic outbreaks. Therefore, rapid and accurate identification of these bacteria is relevant for pwCF, in order to facilitate early eradication and prevent chronic colonization. However, BCCs are often quite difficult to detect on culture media as they have a slow growth rate and can be hidden by other fast-growing microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and filamentous fungi. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated the sensitivity of CHROMagar™ B. cepacia agar using 11 isolates from a well-characterized BCC collection, using BCA agar (Oxoid, UK) as a gold standard. We also studied 180 clinical sputum samples to calculate positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values. Furthermore, we used three of the well-characterized BCC isolates to determine the limit of detection (LOD). RESULTS Eleven isolates grew on CHROMagar™ B. cepacia at 37ºC after 48 h. The NPV and PPV of CHROMagar™ B. cepacia were 100% and 87.5%, respectively. The LOD of CHROMagar™ B. cepacia was around 1 × 103 CFU/ml, requiring a ten-fold dilution lower bacterial load than BCA for BCC detection. CONCLUSION CHROMagar™ B. cepacia agar proved to have a very good sensitivity and specificity for the detection of clinical BCCs. Moreover, the chromogenic nature of the medium allowed us to clearly differentiate BCC from other Gram-negative species, filamentous fungi and yeasts, thereby facilitating the identification of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhize Maruri-Aransolo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Caballero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Malkoa Michelena
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Medina-Pascual
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Taxonomía, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Asensio
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Consorci Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Maria Cols
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Mao Q, Zhang X, Xu Z, Xiao Y, Song Y, Xu F. Identification of Escherichia coli strains using MALDI-TOF MS combined with long short-term memory neural networks. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11018-11026. [PMID: 38950328 PMCID: PMC11272126 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The current study aims to develop a new technique for the precise identification of Escherichia coli strains, utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) combined with a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. A total of 48 Escherichia coli strains were isolated and cultured on tryptic soy agar medium for 24 hours for the generation of MALDI-TOF MS spectra. Eight hundred MALDI-TOF MS spectra were obtained per strain, resulting in a database of 38,400 spectra. Fifty percent of the data was utilized for LSTM neural network training, with fine-tuned parameters for strain-level identification. The other half served as the test set to assess model performance. Traditional PCA dimension reduction of MALDI-TOF MS spectra indicated 47 out of 48 strains to be unclassifiable. In contrast, the LSTM neural network demonstrated remarkable efficacy. After 20 training epochs, the model achieved a loss value of 0.0524, an accuracy of 0.999, a precision of 0.985, and a recall of 0.982. When tested on the unseen data, the model attained an overall accuracy of 92.24%. The integration of MALDI-TOF MS and LSTM neural network markedly enhances the identification of Escherichia coli strains. This innovative approach offers an effective and accurate tool for MALDI-TOF MS-based strain-level identification, thus expanding the analytical capabilities of microbial diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Zeping Xu
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Li Huili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
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Hosono Honda N, Harada S, Suzuki M, Akaiwa Y, Miyashita K, Miyamoto T, Haruki K. First Report of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae Meningitis in Japan. Intern Med 2024; 63:1819-1822. [PMID: 37722897 PMCID: PMC11239248 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1894-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the frequency of community-acquired infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae (K. ozaenae) is low, they are often detected in sputum specimens. In addition, lung abscesses, necrotizing pneumonia, and urinary tract infections caused by K. ozaenae have also been reported. We herein report the first detection of K. ozaenae as an etiological agent of bacterial meningitis in Japan. Cases of K. ozaenae meningitis complicated by diabetes mellitus and sinusitis have been reported elsewhere. When Klebsiella pneumoniae is detected in such cases, it is important to use other detection methods in addition to mass spectrometry for correct identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsue Hosono Honda
- Division of Infection Control, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Sohei Harada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Akaiwa
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyashita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kosuke Haruki
- Division of Infection Control, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
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Alves V, de Andrade IB, Corrêa-Junior D, Avellar-Moura I, Passos K, Soares J, Pontes B, Almeida MA, Almeida-Paes R, Frases S. Revealing the impact of Rapamycin on the virulence factors of the Candida haemulonii complex. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 7:100247. [PMID: 38974670 PMCID: PMC11225706 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of invasive fungal infections caused by Candida species is increasing, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This increasing incidence poses a dual challenge, comprising escalating antifungal resistance and the necessity for accurate fungal identification. The Candida haemulonii complex further complicates these challenges due to limited identification tools. Like some other Candida species, infections involving this complex show resistance to multiple antifungals, requiring innovative therapeutic approaches. Rapamycin, known for its antifungal properties and immunosuppressive characteristics, was investigated against the C. haemulonii complex species. Results revealed a rapamycin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 0.07 to >20 µM, with fungicidal effects in most strains. In vitro analyses using the rapamycin maximum plasma concentration (0.016 µM) showed reduced surface properties and decreased production of extracellular enzymes. Rapamycin also hindered biofilm formation by some strains. Even when treated at the human therapeutic dose, which is lower than the MIC, phenotypic variations in C. haemulonii were detected, hinting at the possible attenuation of some virulence factors when exposed to rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Alves
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Iara Bastos de Andrade
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Dario Corrêa-Junior
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Igor Avellar-Moura
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Karini Passos
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares
- Laboratório de Pinças Ópticas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas & Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Laboratório de Pinças Ópticas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas & Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marcos Abreu Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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Takayama T, Inoda S, Watanabe A, Kawashima H. Nigrospora oryzae causing human corneal keratitis: A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2024; 34:102062. [PMID: 38665418 PMCID: PMC11043860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We report a rare case of microbial keratitis caused by Nigrospora oryzae. Observations A 72-year-old Japanese woman was injured by plant debris and developed oval corneal ulcers and hypopyon in the anterior chamber. After 5 days, she complained of pain, redness, and vision loss in her left eye and was treated with antibacterial eye drops and an ointment (1.5 % levofloxacin hydrate, cefmenoxime hydrochloride, and sterilization and disinfection eye drops; SAN-IODE and ofloxacin ophthalmic ointment). Examination revealed a worsening oval corneal ulcer with Descemet's folds and a faint hypopyon. Considering the infection from soil or plants and the poor response to intensive antibacterial eye drops, topical antifungal eye drops, i.e., 1 % voriconazole eye drops, and 1 % natamycin ointment were applied. Direct microscopy of the corneal scraping with Gram staining was performed and the result was negative. Cultures from corneal scrapings showed the growth of dark colonies after several days. The colony was identified as Nigrospora oryzae by sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer region. Pain and vision loss improved with improvement in corneal ulcers. The antifungal treatment was administered for 37 days. Discontinuation of the eye drops after 1 month did not result in keratitis recurrence. At the final follow-up at 70 days, the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25, with persistent small corneal opacity. Conclusions and importance Here, we report a case of fungal keratitis caused by Nigrospora oryzae. Microbiological identification of the causes of rare infections is difficult in clinical laboratories, necessitating the use of advanced molecular techniques based on amplification and sequencing of appropriate phylogenetic markers. Nigrospora oryzae responds to topical voriconazole and natamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoru Inoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan
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Lindenberg M, Waldmann S, Suerbaum S, Schlüter D, Ziesing S. External quality assessment schemes in bacteriology support public health in Germany-results from 2006 to 2023. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1395410. [PMID: 38828394 PMCID: PMC11140043 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1395410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
External Quality Assessment schemes (EQAS) are mandatory to ensure quality standards in diagnostic methods and achieve laboratory accreditation. As host institution for two German culture-based bacteriology EQAS (RV-A and RV-B), we investigated the obtained data of 590 up to 720 surveys per year in RV-A and 2,151 up to 2,929 in RV-B from 2006 to 2023. As educational instruments, they function to review applied methodology and are valuable to check for systemic- or method-dependent failures in microbiology diagnostics or guidelines. Especially, containment of multi-resistant bacteria in times of rising antibiotic resistance is one major point to assure public health. The correct identification and reporting of these strains is therefore of high importance to achieve this goal. Moreover, correct antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) per se is important for selecting appropriate therapy, to restrict broad-spectrum antibiotics and minimize resistance development. The reports of participating laboratories displayed a high level of correct identification results in both schemes with mostly consistent failure rates around 2.2% (RV-A) and 3.9% (RV-B) on average. In contrast, results in AST revealed increasing failure rates upon modification of AST requirements concerning adherence to standards and subsequent bacterial species-specific evaluation. Stratification on these periods revealed in RV-A a moderate increase from 1.3% to 4.5%, while in RV-B failure rates reached 14% coming from 4.3% on average. Although not mandatory, subsequent AST evaluation and consistent reporting are areas of improvement to benefit public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lindenberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Waldmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- National Reference Center for Helicobacter Pylori, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Brunswick, Hannover, Germany
- Management of External Quality Assessment Schemes Bacteriology, Instand e.V., Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Ziesing
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Management of External Quality Assessment Schemes Bacteriology, Instand e.V., Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Kerek Á, Szabó Á, Jerzsele Á. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Clinical Cases of Waterfowl in Hungary between 2022 and 2023. Vet Sci 2024; 11:194. [PMID: 38787166 PMCID: PMC11125817 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The waterfowl industry represents a narrow, yet economically significant, sector within the poultry industry. Although less prominent, the waterfowl sector is nonetheless of equal importance to any other livestock sector in terms of antimicrobial resistance and animal health issues. This study assesses the antimicrobial resistance profile of Pasteurella multocida bacterial strains isolated from clinical cases in Hungary's duck and goose populations, determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 27 samples collected from 15 different locations. The results indicate that the isolated strains were susceptible to most antibiotics, except for notable resistance to enrofloxacin. These findings support that Pasteurella multocida largely retained its susceptibility. However, the observed resistance to enrofloxacin suggests overuse of fluoroquinolones, which indicates the potential need for stricter regulation of their use in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.S.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ábel Szabó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.S.); (Á.J.)
| | - Ákos Jerzsele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, 1078 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.S.); (Á.J.)
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Arendowski A. Lipidomic approach to identify Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:238-247. [PMID: 38670227 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Shigella species, being highly similar, present a challenge for differentiation using classical methods such as phenotyping, 16S rRNA sequencing, or protein profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS). The paper proposes a method for identifying E. coli, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, and S. boydii by augmenting the Bruker Biotyper database with reference spectra of lipid profiles obtained using MALDI MS in the positive mode. MATERIALS/METHODS Lipid extracts were made from cultured E. coli, S. flexneri, S. sonnei and S. boydii using the Bligh & Dyer protocol. MALDI MS spectra in positive ion mode were performed for the extracts. Reference spectra were created from 30 spectra for each bacterium and added to the Bruker Biotyper database. RESULTS Identification of bacteria based on lipid profiles in the Biotyper database gave correct results with scores above 2.49. Statistical analysis of the results by Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) showed that it is possible to correctly differentiate the microorganisms studied using the lipidomic approach. A panel of six m/z values was proposed for which the value of the area under the ROC curve is 1, thus enabling the identification of E. coli and S. flexneri with 100 % accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Identification of bacteria from lipid fingerprints obtained by the MALDI MS technique is possible and may become a useful tool in the future, especially for microorganisms that are difficult to distinguish by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Arendowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 Str, Toruń, 87-100, Poland.
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13
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Inoue H, Toriyama K, Takahira N, Murakami S, Miyamoto H, Suzuki T, Shiraishi A. Association between Moraxella keratitis and advanced glycation end products. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8024. [PMID: 38580798 PMCID: PMC10997605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a major predisposing factor for Moraxella keratitis. However, how diabetes mellitus contributes to Moraxella keratitis remains unclear. In this study, we examined Moraxella keratitis; based on the findings, we investigated the impact of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) deposition in the cornea of individuals with diabetic mellitus on the adhesion of Moraxella isolates to the cornea. A retrospective analysis of 27 culture-proven cases of Moraxella keratitis at Ehime University Hospital (March 2006 to February 2022) was performed. Moraxella isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among the patients, 30.4% had diabetes mellitus and 22.2% had the predominant ocular condition of using steroid eye drops. The species identified were Moraxella nonliquefaciens in 59.3% and Moraxella lacunata in 40.7% of patients. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we assessed the effects of M. nonliquefaciens adherence to simian virus 40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) with or without AGEs. The results demonstrated the number of M. nonliquefaciens adhering to HCECs was significantly increased by adding AGEs compared with that in controls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in the corneas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice treated with or without pyridoxamine, an AGE inhibitor, the number of M. nonliquefaciens adhering to the corneas of diabetic mice was significantly reduced by pyridoxamine treatment (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the development of Moraxella keratitis may be significantly influenced by the deposition of AGEs on the corneal epithelium of patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Koji Toriyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinobu Murakami
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyamoto
- Clinical Laboratory Division, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, 6-11-1, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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14
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Perotin JM, Muggeo A, Lecomte-Thenot Q, Brisebarre A, Dury S, Launois C, Ancel J, Dormoy V, Guillard T, Deslee G. High Blood Eosinophil Count at Stable State is Not Associated with Airway Microbiota Distinct Profile in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:765-771. [PMID: 38524398 PMCID: PMC10959750 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s453526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The heterogeneity of clinical features in COPD at stable state has been associated with airway microbiota. Blood eosinophil count (BEC) represents a biomarker for a pejorative evolution of COPD, including exacerbations and accelerated FEV1 decline. We aimed to analyse the associations between BEC and airway microbiota in COPD at stable state. Patients and Methods Adult COPD patients at stable state (RINNOPARI cohort) were included and characterised for clinical, functional, biological and morphological features. BEC at inclusion defined 2 groups of patients with low BEC <300/mm3 and high BEC ≥300/mm3. Sputa were collected and an extended microbiological culture was performed for the identification of viable airway microbiota. Results Fifty-nine subjects were included. When compared with the low BEC (n=40, 67.8%), the high BEC group (n=19, 32.2%) had more frequent exacerbations (p<0.001) and more pronounced cough and sputum (p<0.05). The global composition, the number of bacteria per sample and the α-diversity of the microbiota did not differ between groups, as well as the predominant phyla (Firmicutes), or the gender repartition. Conclusion In our study, high BEC in COPD at stable state was associated with a clinical phenotype including frequent exacerbation, but no distinct profile of viable airway microbiota compared with low BEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne-Marie Perotin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250, P3Cell, Reims, France
- CHU de Reims, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Reims, France
| | - Anaëlle Muggeo
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250, P3Cell, CHU de Reims, Laboratoire de bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière-Parasitologie-Mycologie, Reims, France
| | - Quentin Lecomte-Thenot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250, P3Cell, CHU de Reims, Laboratoire de bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière-Parasitologie-Mycologie, Reims, France
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250, P3Cell, Reims, France
| | - Sandra Dury
- CHU de Reims, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Reims, France
| | - Claire Launois
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250, P3Cell, Reims, France
- CHU de Reims, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Reims, France
| | - Julien Ancel
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250, P3Cell, Reims, France
- CHU de Reims, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Reims, France
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250, P3Cell, Reims, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250, P3Cell, CHU de Reims, Laboratoire de bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène hospitalière-Parasitologie-Mycologie, Reims, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslee
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INSERM UMR-S 1250, P3Cell, Reims, France
- CHU de Reims, Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Reims, France
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15
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Ou YH, Chang YT, Chen DP, Chuang CW, Tsao KC, Wu CH, Kuo AJ, You HL, Huang CG. Benefit analysis of the auto-verification system of intelligent inspection for microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334897. [PMID: 38562474 PMCID: PMC10982382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the automatic machine for microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests has been introduced into the microbiology laboratory of our hospital, but there are still many steps that need manual operation. The purpose of this study was to establish an auto-verification system for bacterial naming to improve the turnaround time (TAT) and reduce the burden on clinical laboratory technologists. After the basic interpretation of the gram staining results of microorganisms, the appearance of strain growth, etc., the 9 rules were formulated by the laboratory technologists specialized in microbiology for auto-verification of bacterial naming. The results showed that among 70,044 reports, the average pass rate of auto-verification was 68.2%, and the reason for the failure of auto-verification was further evaluated. It was found that the main causes reason the inconsistency between identification results and strain appearance rationality, the normal flora in the respiratory tract and urine that was identified, the identification limitation of the mass spectrometer, and so on. The average TAT for the preliminary report of bacterial naming was 35.2 h before, which was reduced to 31.9 h after auto-verification. In summary, after auto-verification, the laboratory could replace nearly 2/3 of manual verification and issuance of reports, reducing the daily workload of medical laboratory technologists by about 2 h. Moreover, the TAT on the preliminary identification report was reduced by 3.3 h on average, which could provide treatment evidence for clinicians in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ta Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Ping Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang, Gung University, Taoyuan,, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chuang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chien Tsao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - An-Jing Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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16
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Ghenciu LA, Faur AC, Bolintineanu SL, Salavat MC, Maghiari AL. Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches in Fungal Keratitis: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:161. [PMID: 38257986 PMCID: PMC10820712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal keratitis represents a potentially sight-threatening infection associated with poor prognosis, as well as financial burden. Novel diagnostic methods include polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based approaches, metagenomic deep sequences, in vivo confocal microscopy, and antifungal susceptibility testing. The ideal therapeutic approaches and outcomes have been widely discussed in recent times, with early therapy being of the utmost importance for the preservation of visual acuity, minimizing corneal damage and reducing the scar size. However, combination therapy can be more efficacious compared to monotherapy. Understanding the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and prevention strategies can be of great importance. In this narrative, we discuss the recent progress that may aid our understanding of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mycotic keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andreea Ghenciu
- Department III Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department IX Surgery, Discipline of Ophtalmology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Corina Faur
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Sorin Lucian Bolintineanu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Madalina Casiana Salavat
- Department IX Surgery, Discipline of Ophtalmology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Anca Laura Maghiari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, E. Murgu Sq., no. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.L.B.); (A.L.M.)
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17
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Shankarnarayan SA, Charlebois DA. Machine learning to identify clinically relevant Candida yeast species. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myad134. [PMID: 38130236 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections, especially due to Candida species, are on the rise. Multi-drug resistant organisms such as Candida auris are difficult and time consuming to identify accurately. Machine learning is increasingly being used in health care, especially in medical imaging. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of six convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to identify four clinically important Candida species. Wet-mounted images were captured using bright field live-cell microscopy followed by separating single-cells, budding-cells, and cell-group images which were then subjected to different machine learning algorithms (custom CNN, VGG16, ResNet50, InceptionV3, EfficientNetB0, and EfficientNetB7) to learn and predict Candida species. Among the six algorithms tested, the InceptionV3 model performed best in predicting Candida species from microscopy images. All models performed poorly on raw images obtained directly from the microscope. The performance of all models increased when trained on single and budding cell images. The InceptionV3 model identified budding cells of C. albicans, C. auris, C. glabrata (Nakaseomyces glabrata), and C. haemulonii in 97.0%, 74.0%, 68.0%, and 66.0% cases, respectively. For single cells of C. albicans, C. auris, C. glabrata, and C. haemulonii InceptionV3 identified 97.0%, 73.0%, 69.0%, and 73.0% cases, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of InceptionV3 were 77.1% and 92.4%, respectively. Overall, this study provides proof of the concept that microscopy images from wet-mounted slides can be used to identify Candida yeast species using machine learning quickly and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A Charlebois
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G-2E1, Canada
- Department of Physics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G-2E9, Canada
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18
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Pham ML, Van Horn K, Zarate E, Pickering E, Murphy C, Bryant K. A multicenter evaluation of Copan's Colibrí™, an automated instrument for MALDI TOF MS target application for bacterial identification. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116098. [PMID: 37890307 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The Colibrí™ is a new instrument that automates picking and placement of colonies on target plates for MALDI identification. This study compared the performance of the Colibrí™ to standard manual spotting using the VITEK® MS for bacterial identification. Colonies were selected from cultures of urine, wound, respiratory, and positive blood cultures. The Colibrí™ sampled the colonies, transferred them to a MALDI target slide, and overlayed each spot with matrix. Manual spotting was then performed using the same or similar colonies. A total of 444 bacteria were compared. Identification was achieved with both methods for 432 organisms with only 2 discrepant results, overall agreement of 99.54%. Twelve organisms (2.70%) gave no identification using Colibrí™. The Colibrí™ provides automation to a manual process with a high accuracy. Use of the Colibrí™ instrumentation provides an opportunity to reallocate technologist time to more complicated tasks and provides complete traceability from plating to organism identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Lien Pham
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Regional Reference Laboratories, Chino Hills, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Van Horn
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Regional Reference Laboratories, Chino Hills, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Kendall Bryant
- Kaiser Permanente, Airport Way Regional Laboratory, Portland, OR, USA
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19
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Jin W, Wang J, Yang X. Analysis of three cases with false positive PCR results of non tuberculosis mycobacterium. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 47:101973. [PMID: 38260180 PMCID: PMC10801299 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) can effectively distinguish between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM), but when there are overlapping sequences between other pathogens (such as Nocardia otidiscaviarum, Mycobacterium parantracellulare, Mycolicibacterium fluoranthenivorans) and NTM, abnormal amplification curves may appear. Case presentation The clinical manifestations of the three patients were fever and respiratory symptoms. Chest CT showed "multiple lung infections". The acid-fast bacilli were negative by microscopic examination. The results of RT-PCR detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA showed that they are all NTM, while the results of DNA microarray method showed that there were no non-Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, they are Nocardia otidiscaviarum, Mycobacterium parantracellale, Mycolicibacterium fluoranthenivorans. We found that the sequences of the above three bacteria can be combined with the primers and probes used for NTM PCR detection, resulting in false positive. Conclusions In the RT-PCR detection of mycobacteria, if there's abnormal amplification, and the mycobacterial species cannot be identified, the amplified products sequencing or MALDI- TOF mass spectrometry identification will help avoid the omission of rare pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Yang
- The clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
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20
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Schwaiger K, Storch J, Bauer C, Bauer J. Lactobacillus ( Limosilactobacillus) reuteri: a probiotic candidate to reduce neonatal diarrhea in calves. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1266905. [PMID: 37854332 PMCID: PMC10579909 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1266905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diarrhea in newborn calves is considered life-threatening and results in large economic losses in dairy farms. Lactobacilli generally play an important role in intestinal health, and Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus; L.) reuteri is the dominant Lactobacillus species in the feces of healthy calves during the first week of life. In calves with diarrhea on day 2 postpartum, lactobacilli are significantly reduced even up to 24 h before the onset of clinical signs. Since the probability of occurrence of diarrheal disease decreases as the L. reuteri count in the feces increases, oral administration of this species might have a protective effect against diarrhea. Objective These studies were designed to demonstrate whether oral administration of preselected L. reuteri isolates can reduce the incidence of diarrhea in newborn calves on dairy farms. Microorganisms 46 L. reuteri isolates from 2-day-old healthy calves were available from a previous study. Animals 170 newborn calves of Simmental breed of 10 dairy farms in Bavaria (Germany), were included in the study; of 166 animals the data could be evaluated. Methods Microbiological (antibiotic sensitivity test, acid and bile salt stability test, antimicrobial activity of the supernatants), molecular biological (PCR, RAPD-PCR) and toxicological methods (MTT test) were used to select and to characterize suitable L. reuteri isolates. The administration of a suspension of two selected L. reuteri isolates (6-8 × 108 colony forming units per day) to calves was performed from day 2 to day 5 after birth in a double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Clinical monitoring of the calves continued until the 14th day of life. Results Out of 46 L. reuteri isolates, only 2 met the set criteria and were used in the feeding trial. In the placebo group, 44 of 83 calves developed diarrhea within the first 2 weeks of life, whereas in the L. reuteri group this was only the case in 31 of 83 animals (p < 0.05). Conclusion L. reuteri appears to be of particular importance for the intestinal health of newborn calves. The diarrhea protective effect could be even more pronounced if an improved administration regimen is developed in terms of start, frequency, and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schwaiger
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Storch
- Veterinary Office Landratsamt Fürstenfeldbruck, Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Department of Quality Assurance and Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Johann Bauer
- Chair of Animal Hygiene, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Lemaire C, Cheminet M, Duployez C, Artus M, Ballaa Y, Devos L, Plainvert C, Poyart C, Le Gall F, Tazi A, Lanotte P. A LAMP-based assay for the molecular detection of group B Streptococcus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:1245-1250. [PMID: 37702956 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Streptococcus agalactiae remains a major pathogen in human health, especially in neonatal infection. Detection in pregnant women is essential to initiate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. This study compared the HiberGene loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to culture, the reference method, for the detection of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women. METHODS This was a prospective multicenter study conducted in four French hospitals. Three hundred fifty-four non-redundant routine care vaginal swabs were analyzed by both methods, LAMP assay and culture. Clinicians and patients were blinded to the results of the LAMP assay. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-seven samples presented concordant results, 15 presented discordant results, and 2 were invalid using the LAMP assay (excluded from the study). Compared to culture, the LAMP assay had a sensitivity of 87.7%, a specificity of 98%, a negative predictive value of 97.6%, and a positive predictive value of 89.3%. CONCLUSION The HiberGene GBS LAMP assay is an easy test that possesses good performances compared with the reference method, culture. It could be used in case of emergency when a quick result is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Lemaire
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHRU de Tours, Université de Tours, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Mélinda Cheminet
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Claire Duployez
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Lille, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Artus
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CH de Quimper, 29000, Quimper, France
| | - Yassine Ballaa
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Laura Devos
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Lille, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Plainvert
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence Des Streptocoques, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Claire Poyart
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence Des Streptocoques, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Florence Le Gall
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, CH de Quimper, 29000, Quimper, France
| | - Asmaa Tazi
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Bactériologie, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
- Centre National de Référence Des Streptocoques, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lanotte
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHRU de Tours, Université de Tours, 37044, Tours, France.
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Zagui GS, Moreira NC, Santos DV, Paschoalato CFPR, Sierra J, Nadal M, Domingo JL, Darini ALC, Andrade LN, Segura-Muñoz SI. Multidrug-resistant Enterobacter spp. in wastewater and surface water: Molecular characterization of β-lactam resistance and metal tolerance genes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116443. [PMID: 37356524 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Among the ESKAPE group pathogens, Enterobacter spp. is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus, widely dispersed in the environment, that causes infections. In the present study, samples of hospital wastewater, raw and treated urban wastewater, as well as surface receiving water, were collected to assess the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacter spp. A molecular characterization of β-lactam antibiotic resistance and metal tolerance genes was performed. According to identification by MALDI-TOF MS, 14 isolates were obtained: 7 E. bugandensis, 5 E. kobei, and 2 E. cloacae. The isolates showed resistance mainly to β-lactam antibiotics, including those used to treat infections caused by MDR bacteria. Multiple antibiotic resistance index was calculated for all isolates. It allowed verify whether sampling points showed a high risk due to antibiotic resistant Enterobacter spp., as well as to determine if the isolates have been in environments with a frequent antibiotic use. Twelve isolates showed β-lactam antibiotic resistance gene, being the blaKPC widely detected. Regarding metal tolerance, 13 isolates showed at least two genes that encode metal tolerance mechanisms. Overall, metal tolerance mechanisms to silver, copper, mercury, arsenic and tellurium were found. New data on metal tolerance mechanisms dispersion and antibiotic-resistance characterization of the E. bugandensis and E. kobei species were here provided. The occurrence of MDR Enterobacter spp. in analyzed samples draws attention to an urgent need to put control measures into practice. It also evidences waterborne spread of clinically important antibiotic-resistant bacteria recognized as critical priority pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Sgobbi Zagui
- Water Resources Research Group, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Natália Columbaro Moreira
- Special Laboratory of Bacteriology and Molecular Epidemiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Vitorino Santos
- Chemical Residue Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jordi Sierra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n Avenue, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Lúcia Costa Darini
- Special Laboratory of Bacteriology and Molecular Epidemiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Neves Andrade
- Research Laboratory in Bacterial Resistance and Virulence, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Inés Segura-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Parasitology, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pospišil M, Car H, Elveđi-Gašparović V, Beader N, Herljević Z, Bedenić B. Bloodstream Infections by AmpC-Producing Enterobacterales: Risk Factors and Therapeutic Outcome. Pathogens 2023; 12:1125. [PMID: 37764933 PMCID: PMC10535069 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections associated with AmpC-producing Enterobacterales are severe medical conditions which, without prompt and effective treatment, may have dire ramifications. This study aimed to assess whether certain comorbidities and previous surgical procedures coincide with resistance determinants of AmpC-producing Enterobacterales associated with bloodstream infections. Antibiotic resistance patterns and therapy outcome were also determined. The patients' data obtained revealed that the prevalence of recent surgical procedures, solid organ tumors, metabolic diseases, kidney and liver failure, and hematological malignancies do not differ between resistant and susceptible isolates of AmpC-producing Enterobacterales. Furthermore, no difference was reported in mortality rates. Regarding antibiotic resistance, 34.52% of isolates were confirmed to be resistant (AmpC hyperproduction, ESBL, or carbapenemase). More than one in five AmpC hyperproducers were reported amid Providencia spp., K. aerogenes, E. cloacae, and C. freundii. strains. Carbapenemases were mostly noted in Providencia spp. followed by M. morganii and K. aerogenes strains. Serratia marcescens had the highest proportion of ESBLsof ESBLs. Resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins of Providencia spp. and K. aerogenes strains exceeded 50%, and resistance to meropenem over 10% was observed only in C. freundii strains. Enterobacterales' ever-growing resistance to antibiotics is becoming quite a challenge for clinicians and new treatment options are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Pospišil
- Krapina-Zagorje County Community Health Centre, 49245 Stubica, Croatia;
| | - Haris Car
- Zagreb Health School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Vesna Elveđi-Gašparović
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Beader
- BIMIS—Biomedical Research Center Šalata, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Clinical Department for Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zoran Herljević
- Clinical Department for Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Branka Bedenić
- BIMIS—Biomedical Research Center Šalata, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Clinical Department for Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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Ao K, Li X, Zhang W, Chen Z, Liu Y, Shu L, Xiao Y, Wu S, Xie Y, Kang M. Evaluation of the Autof ms1000 mass spectrometry for rapid clinical identification of filamentous fungi. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:228. [PMID: 37608359 PMCID: PMC10464221 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized microbial identification. However, there is a lack of data on its performance in identifying filamentous fungi. The objective of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Autof ms1000 mass spectrometry for identifying filamentous fungi in the clinical microbiology laboratory. RESULTS Among 106 samples tested using the Autof ms1000 system, 101 (95.28%) were identified at the genus or species level, and 81 (76.41%) were accurately identified at the species level. Additionally, we developed a new rapid formic acid extraction method with simple pretreatment for filamentous fungi that saved time and provided accurate results. CONCLUSIONS The Autof ms1000 mass spectrometer proved to be a valuable tool for identifying filamentous fungi. However, upgrading the database is recommended for correctly identifying rare strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keping Ao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mei Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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25
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Karagiannidou S, Kopsidas I, Polemis M, Tryfinopoulou K, Zaoutis T. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and reporting practices of public hospital microbiology laboratories in Greece, 2022: A national observational survey and call for action. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200766. [PMID: 37616113 PMCID: PMC10451010 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.34.2200766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Greece is among the highest across the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), with high AMR rates even to last-line antibiotics. To better understand the clinical microbiology laboratory practices and capacities in species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) across public healthcare establishments in Greece, we sent a questionnaire to 98 of 128 public hospital microbiology laboratories between 1 February and 1 April 2022. Of the 73.5% (72/98) that responded, 51.4% (37/72) reported using EUCAST guidelines. Two of three laboratories used an automated instrument for species identification and AST for all laboratory samples. Broth microdilution for colistin susceptibility testing was used by 46 of the laboratories, more frequently in larger (> 400 beds) versus smaller (< 400 beds) hospitals (90.5% (19/21) vs 52.9% (27/51) respectively, p = 0.011). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was available in one of 10 laboratories, and more often in larger compared to smaller hospitals (p = 0.035). Although the majority of laboratories had a laboratory information system (LIS) in place, only half had the capacity to extract data directly from the LIS for the purpose of AMR surveillance; 73.6% (53/72) used restrictive antibiograms. Public microbiology laboratory AMR capacities in Greece require improvement, prioritising interventions for EUCAST guidelines implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Kopsidas
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Non-Profit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Polemis
- Central Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Vari, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou
- Central Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Vari, Greece
| | - Theoklis Zaoutis
- National Public Health Organization (NPHO), Athens, Greece
- The 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'P. & A. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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26
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Kolasinac SS, Moe L, Rootwelt V, Sørum H. Bacteria in Normal Canine Milk Analyzed by Blood Agar Medium. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2206. [PMID: 37444004 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of microbiota in normal canine milk from healthy dams are sparse. As is the case with blood and urine, it was considered that milk contains no microbiota. Any discovery of bacteria in canine milk is, therefore, often noted to be a result of contamination during sampling or interpreted as mastitis and treated with antibiotics. Milk was collected twice within 19 days after natural parturition from 11 lactating dams, with no general or local clinical signs of mastitis or other disease. The skin and teats were prepared with an antimicrobial protocol prior to each milk sampling. In total, 210 milk samples were collected and assessed for a number of bacterial colonies grown on each plate. Bacterial growth was detected in 180 samples (86%). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium spp., Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus canis, Bacillus spp., Pasteurella spp., and Escherichia coli were identified from pure and/or mixed bacterial growth, listed in descending order of occurrence. Despite the small sample size, the consistent occurrence of bacteria in early postpartum dams indicates a genuine occurrence of bacteria in canine milk, rather than random contamination. The finding of bacteria in the milk of dams should not, therefore, be the sole argument for the diagnosis of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sibcic Kolasinac
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Lars Moe
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Vibeke Rootwelt
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Henning Sørum
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1433 Ås, Norway
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27
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Batool M, Galloway-Peña J. Clinical metagenomics-challenges and future prospects. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1186424. [PMID: 37448579 PMCID: PMC10337830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1186424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections lacking precise diagnosis are often caused by a rare or uncharacterized pathogen, a combination of pathogens, or a known pathogen carrying undocumented or newly acquired genes. Despite medical advances in infectious disease diagnostics, many patients still experience mortality or long-term consequences due to undiagnosed or misdiagnosed infections. Thus, there is a need for an exhaustive and universal diagnostic strategy to reduce the fraction of undocumented infections. Compared to conventional diagnostics, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a promising, culture-independent sequencing technology that is sensitive to detecting rare, novel, and unexpected pathogens with no preconception. Despite the fact that several studies and case reports have identified the effectiveness of mNGS in improving clinical diagnosis, there are obvious shortcomings in terms of sensitivity, specificity, costs, standardization of bioinformatic pipelines, and interpretation of findings that limit the integration of mNGS into clinical practice. Therefore, physicians must understand the potential benefits and drawbacks of mNGS when applying it to clinical practice. In this review, we will examine the current accomplishments, efficacy, and restrictions of mNGS in relation to conventional diagnostic methods. Furthermore, we will suggest potential approaches to enhance mNGS to its maximum capacity as a clinical diagnostic tool for identifying severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Galloway-Peña
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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28
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Maluf MM, Bauab K, Boettger BC, Pignatari ACC, Carvalhaes CG. Evaluation of XGEN Multi Sepsis Flow Chip Molecular Assay for Early Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infection. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:231. [PMID: 37261596 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Among healthcare-associated infections that can affect a critically ill patient, bloodstream infections are one of the most frequent causes of mortality, especially in hospitalized patients. The objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of the XGEN Multi Sepsis Flow Chip for the rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections compared with conventional tests. In total, 101 positive blood culture samples were included, and the results obtained by the phenotypic conventional method (culture with susceptibility profile) were compared with results obtained by the XGEN Multi Sepsis Flow Chip. This molecular assay allows the simultaneous detection of the main bloodstream infection pathogens, and their most common antibiotic resistance markers in a short period of time. It was possible to observe substantial agreement between the methods for identifying the genus of pathogens. Considering species, the agreement was excellent. In relation to susceptibility, excellent agreement was noted between the detected resistance genes and susceptibility profile obtained through conventional antibiograms. The evaluated assay presented very early and satisfactory results for identification and detection of resistance genes of the main pathogens involved in bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira M Maluf
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, 2Nd Floor, B Section, 627, Avenue Albert Einstein, São Paulo, 05652-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno C Boettger
- Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C C Pignatari
- Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Hankins JD, Amerson-Brown MH, Brown CA, Riegler AN, Muldrew KL, Dunn JJ. Comparison of Bruker Biotyper ® and Vitek ® MS matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry platforms for the identification of filamentous fungi. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:553-561. [PMID: 37317856 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the performance of two matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry platforms to identify molds isolated from clinical specimens. Methods: Fifty mold isolates were analyzed on Bruker Biotyper® and Vitek® MS platforms. Two Bruker Biotyper extraction protocols were assessed alongside the US FDA-approved extraction protocol for Vitek MS. Results: The Bruker Biotyper modified NIH-developed extraction protocol correctly identified more isolates than Bruker's protocol (56 vs 33%). For species in the manufacturers' databases, Vitek MS correctly identified 85% of isolates, with 8% misidentifications. The Bruker Biotyper identified 64%, with no misidentifications. For isolates not in the databases, the Bruker Biotyper did not misidentify any, and Vitek MS misidentified 36%. Conclusion: Both the Vitek MS and Bruker Biotyper accurately identified the fungal isolates, however Vitek MS was more likely to misidentify isolates than the Bruker Biotyper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Hankins
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Megan H Amerson-Brown
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Cameron A Brown
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harris Health Ben Taub Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashleigh N Riegler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kenneth L Muldrew
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harris Health Ben Taub Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James J Dunn
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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30
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Chentouf HF, Rahli F, Benmechernene Z, Barros-Velazquez J. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI TOF mass spectroscopy identification of Leuconostoc mesenteroides isolated from Algerian raw camel milk. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:51. [PMID: 37126186 PMCID: PMC10151297 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eighty-three strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides were isolated from Algerian raw camel milk. Based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological characters tests, strains were identified as Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. Seven strains had a remarkable antagonistic and probiotic characterization. The present study aims at identifying these strains by means of 16 s rRNA gene sequencing and Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), extending phenotypic and genotypic studies done previously. RESULTS The phyloproteomic dendrograms of the studied strains based on MALDI-TOF MS provided the same identification with more intraspecific information from the 16S rRNA gene sequencing based on phylogenetic analysis. The latter were in agreement with the previous biochemical/physiological identification, the seven isolated strains were Ln. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. CONCLUSIONS Remarkably, MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting was found to be effective enough as 16S rRNA gene sequencing identification, allowing faster and more reliable analysis than biochemical/physiological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Fatma Chentouf
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Oran, 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, 31100, Oran, Algeria.
| | - Fouzia Rahli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Oran, 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, 31100, Oran, Algeria
- Higher School of Biological Sciences of Oran, Oran, Algeria
| | - Zineb Benmechernene
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University of Oran, 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, 31100, Oran, Algeria
| | - Jorge Barros-Velazquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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31
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Miyazaki AN, Salles MJC, Gonçalves GV, Conte LHG, de Oliveira TG, Santili ABN, Kurihara MNL, Santos INM, da Silva LA. Detection of Cutibacterium acnes in Tissue Samples from Clean Primary Shoulder Surgeries - Part II. Rev Bras Ortop 2023; 58:257-264. [PMID: 37252300 PMCID: PMC10212644 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Research and identification of Cutibacterium acnes ( C. acnes ) and other microorganisms in deep tissue samples collected in clean shoulder surgeries of patients who did not undergo any previous invasive joint procedure and who had no clinical history of infection. Methods We analyzed the results of cultures of intraoperative deep tissue samples from 84 patients submitted to primary clean shoulder surgery. Tubes containing culture medium were used for storage and transport of anaerobic agents, prolonged incubation time, and mass spectrometer for diagnosis of bacterial agents. Results Bacteria growth was evidenced in 34 patients (40.4%) of the 84 included in the study. Of these, 23 had growth of C. acnes in at least one sample of deep tissue collected, corresponding to 27.3% of the total patients. The second most common agent was Staphylococcus epidermidis , present in 7.2% of the total individuals included. We showed a higher relationship between sample positivity and males, a lower mean age, absence of diabetes mellitus, ASA I score, and antibiotic prophylaxis in anesthetic induction with cefuroxime. Conclusions A high percentage of isolates of different bacteria was found in shoulder tissue samples of patients undergoing clean and primary surgeries, who had no history of previous infection. Identification of C. acnes was high (27.6%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the second most frequent agent (7.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Naoki Miyazaki
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz em São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mauro José Costa Salles
- Disciplina de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Disciplina de Infectologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Vieira Gonçalves
- Grupo de Cirurgia do Ombro da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Henrique Gallego Conte
- Grupo de Cirurgia do Ombro da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mariana Neri Lucas Kurihara
- Disciplina de Infectologia do Departamento de Medicina da Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ingrid Nayara Marcelino Santos
- Disciplina de Infectologia do Departamento de Medicina da Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciana Andrade da Silva
- Grupo de Cirurgia do Ombro da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Scarpellini R, Giunti M, Pontiero A, Savini F, Esposito E, Piva S. Two cases of bloodstream infections associated with opportunistic bacterial species (Enterococcus hirae and Enterobacter xiangfangensis) in companion animals. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:63. [PMID: 36966282 PMCID: PMC10039583 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloodstream infections are a matter of concern in small animal veterinary practice. Few reports are avaiable, especially regarding the role of opportunistic bacteria in becoming infectious. This report aims to add to the current veterinary literature on two opportunistic bacterial species (Enterococcus hirae and Enterobacter xiangfangensis) associated with bloodstream infections in small animals admitted to the Bologna University Veterinary Hospital. CASE PRESENTATION In the first case, a 15-year-old, immunocompromised, cardiopathic dog was admitted to the hospital for anorexia and diarrhea. The patient had a history of previous surgery and hospitalization. After three days, hyperthermia, leukopenia and hyperlactatemia were recorded, and blood culture revealed positivity for Enterococcus hirae, identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The patient's general conditions progressively worsened, and the patient was euthanized. In the second case, a 2-year-old cat with chronic ocular herpesvirus infection and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was admitted to the hospital for anorexia and hyperthermia. The cat was hospitalized one week before and received antimicrobial treatment for urinary tract infection by Staphylococcus felis. Hypokalemia and lymphopenia were also diagnosed. The patient progressively improved and was discharged after three days. On the same day, blood culture taken at admission revealed positivity for Enterobacter xiangfangensis, identified using MALDI-TOF MS. After five days, the patient returned with neurological symptoms, hypothermia and bradycardia, and was euthanized. CONCLUSIONS In small animal veterinary practice, the impact of opportunistic bacterial agents (such as E.hirae and E.xiangfangensis) on bloodstream infections remains unclear. As in human medicine, they can be contracted in every healthcare setting and considered hospital-acquired infections. In this report, we highlighted the threat they pose especially in patients with multiple risk factors. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools (such as MALDI-TOF MS) could be particularly important for reducing the severity of the infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Scarpellini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy.
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pontiero
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Erika Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Silvia Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Bologna, 40064, Italy
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Rasouli Koohi S, Shankarnarayan SA, Galon CM, Charlebois DA. Identification and Elimination of Antifungal Tolerance in Candida auris. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030898. [PMID: 36979876 PMCID: PMC10045952 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis to which pathogenic fungi make a substantial contribution. The human fungal pathogen C. auris is of particular concern due to its rapid spread across the world and its evolution of multidrug resistance. Fluconazole failure in C. auris has been recently attributed to antifungal “tolerance”. Tolerance is a phenomenon whereby a slow-growing subpopulation of tolerant cells, which are genetically identical to susceptible cells, emerges during drug treatment. We use microbroth dilution and disk diffusion assays, together with image analysis, to investigate antifungal tolerance in C. auris to all three classes of antifungal drugs used to treat invasive candidiasis. We find that (1) C. auris is tolerant to several common fungistatic and fungicidal drugs, which in some cases can be detected after 24 h, as well as after 48 h, of antifungal drug exposure; (2) the tolerant phenotype reverts to the susceptible phenotype in C. auris; and (3) combining azole, polyene, and echinocandin antifungal drugs with the adjuvant chloroquine in some cases reduces or eliminates tolerance and resistance in patient-derived C. auris isolates. These results suggest that tolerance contributes to treatment failure in C. auris infections for a broad range of antifungal drugs, and that antifungal adjuvants may improve treatment outcomes for patients infected with antifungal-tolerant or antifungal-resistant fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel A. Charlebois
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Hodille E, Prudhomme C, Dumitrescu O, Benito Y, Dauwalder O, Lina G. Rapid, Easy, and Reliable Identification of Nocardia sp. by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry, VITEK®-MS IVD V3.2 Database, Using Direct Deposit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065469. [PMID: 36982540 PMCID: PMC10049377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The reference methods for Nocardia identification are based on gene sequencing. These methods are time-consuming and not accessible for all laboratories. Conversely, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry is easy to use and widely available in clinical laboratories, but for Nocardia identification, the VITEK®-MS manufacturer recommends a tedious step of colony preparation that is difficult to integrate into a laboratory workflow. This study aimed to evaluate Nocardia identification by MALDI-TOF VITEK®-MS using direct deposit with the VITEK®-PICKMETM pen and a formic acid-based protein extraction directly onto the bacterial smear on a 134 isolates collection; this identification was compared to the results from molecular reference methods. For 81.3% of the isolates, VITEK®-MS delivered an interpretable result. The overall agreement with the reference method was 78.4%. Taking only the species included in the VITEK®-MS in vitro diagnostic V3.2 database into account, the overall agreement was significantly higher, 93.7%. VITEK®-MS rarely misidentified isolates (4/134, 3%). Among the 25 isolates that produced no result with the VITEK®-MS, 18 were expected, as Nocardia species were not included in the VITEK®-MS V3.2 database. A rapid and reliable Nocardia identification using direct deposit by VITEK®-MS is possible by combining the use of the VITEK®-PICKMETM pen and a formic acid-based protein extractiondirectly onto the bacterial smear.
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Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in a COVID-19 Hospital in Zagreb. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010117. [PMID: 36678465 PMCID: PMC9863123 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During November to December 2020, a high rate of COVID-19-associated pneumonia with bacterial superinfections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens was recorded in a COVID-19 hospital in Zagreb. This study analyzed the causative agents of bacterial superinfections among patients with serious forms of COVID-19. In total, 118 patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the COVID-19 hospital. Forty-six out of 118 patients (39%) developed serious bacterial infection (VAP or BSI or both) during their stay in ICU. The total mortality rate was 83/118 (70%). The mortality rate due to bacterial infection or a combination of ARDS with bacterial superinfection was 33% (40/118). Six patients had MDR organisms and 34 had XDR (extensively drug-resistant). The dominant species was Acinetobacter baumannii with all isolates (34) being carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) and positive for carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinases (CHDL). One Escherichia coli causing pneumonia harboured the blaCTX-M-15 gene. It appears that the dominant resistance determinants of causative agents depend on the local epidemiology in the particular COVID center. Acinetobacter baumannii seems to easily spread in overcrowded ICUs. Croatia belongs to the 15 countries in the world with the highest mortality rate among COVID-19 patients, which could be in part attributable to the high prevalence of bacterial infections in local ICUs.
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Cheung KT, Chan HY. Oral flora of domestic cats in Hong Kong: Identification of antibiotic-resistant strains. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:25-36. [PMID: 36520663 PMCID: PMC9857102 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the clinical outcome of bite-associated infection is related to the oral commensals, evaluating their composition and antibiotic susceptibility pattern can provide more information for the antibiotic treatment of wound infections and increase the awareness of the multidrug-resistant bacteria in cat oral flora. AIMS This study was conducted to identify the various bacterial species in the oral cavity of cats. It aimed to identify the composition of cat oral flora and antibiotic resistant bacterial stains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two cats were sampled for bacterial evaluation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used to provide rapid and reliable detection and identification of the bacterial species. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed in the identified isolates to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and to detect the multidrug-resistant bacteria in the cat oral cavities. RESULTS A total of 54 isolates were identified, Pasteurella was the genus most commonly isolated from the oral cavity of cats (19/54, 35.19%), followed by Neisseria spp. (8/54, 14.81%) and Staphylococcus spp. (7/54, 12.96%). Uncommon oral flora were isolated from the samples, including Pasteurella canis, Inquilinus limosus and the Enterobacteriaceae family of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Fourteen different multidrug-resistant bacteria were detected, including Pasteurella species (4/14), Bacillus species (2/14), Neisseria species (3/14), Escherichia species (1/14) and Staphylococcus species (4/14). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study's findings will increase the understanding of the composition of cat oral flora in Hong Kong, which can provide more evidence-based information for the prophylactic treatment of patients with cat bite infections. Moreover, the study identified and detected the antibiotic resistance pattern and multidrug-resistant bacteria in the cat oral cavity, which can help cat owners increase their awareness of maintaining regular oral hygiene for their cats to prevent the spread of pathogens from cats to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Tik Cheung
- School of Science and TechnologyHong Kong Metropolitan UniversityKowloonHong Kong,School of Medical and Health SciencesTung Wah CollegeKowloonHong Kong
| | - Hau Yan Chan
- School of Medical and Health SciencesTung Wah CollegeKowloonHong Kong
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Sy I, Conrad L, Becker SL. Recent Advances and Potential Future Applications of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Helminths. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:3035. [PMID: 36553043 PMCID: PMC9777230 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections caused by nematodes, trematodes, and cestodes are major neglected tropical diseases and of great medical and veterinary relevance. At present, diagnosis of helminthic diseases is mainly based on microscopic observation of different parasite stages, but microscopy is associated with limited diagnostic accuracy. Against this background, recent studies described matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry as a potential, innovative tool for helminth identification and differentiation. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is based on the analysis of spectra profiles generated from protein extracts of a given pathogen. It requires an available spectra database containing reference spectra, also called main spectra profiles (MSPs), which are generated from well characterized specimens. At present, however, there are no commercially available databases for helminth identification using this approach. In this narrative review, we summarize recent developments and published studies between January 2019 and September 2022 that report on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for helminths. Current challenges and future research needs are identified and briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Sy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Conrad
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sören L. Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
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Argyropoulos CD, Skoulou V, Efthimiou G, Michopoulos AK. Airborne transmission of biological agents within the indoor built environment: a multidisciplinary review. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2022; 16:477-533. [PMID: 36467894 PMCID: PMC9703444 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-022-01286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The nature and airborne dispersion of the underestimated biological agents, monitoring, analysis and transmission among the human occupants into building environment is a major challenge of today. Those agents play a crucial role in ensuring comfortable, healthy and risk-free conditions into indoor working and leaving spaces. It is known that ventilation systems influence strongly the transmission of indoor air pollutants, with scarce information although to have been reported for biological agents until 2019. The biological agents' source release and the trajectory of airborne transmission are both important in terms of optimising the design of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems of the future. In addition, modelling via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will become a more valuable tool in foreseeing risks and tackle hazards when pollutants and biological agents released into closed spaces. Promising results on the prediction of their dispersion routes and concentration levels, as well as the selection of the appropriate ventilation strategy, provide crucial information on risk minimisation of the airborne transmission among humans. Under this context, the present multidisciplinary review considers four interrelated aspects of the dispersion of biological agents in closed spaces, (a) the nature and airborne transmission route of the examined agents, (b) the biological origin and health effects of the major microbial pathogens on the human respiratory system, (c) the role of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems in the airborne transmission and (d) the associated computer modelling approaches. This adopted methodology allows the discussion of the existing findings, on-going research, identification of the main research gaps and future directions from a multidisciplinary point of view which will be helpful for substantial innovations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Skoulou
- B3 Challenge Group, Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Georgios Efthimiou
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Apostolos K. Michopoulos
- Energy & Environmental Design of Buildings Research Laboratory, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Microbiology and Clinical Outcome of Hospital-Acquired Respiratory Infections in an Italian Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112271. [PMID: 36421594 PMCID: PMC9691183 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden, microbial etiology and clinical impact of hospital-acquired respiratory infections (HARIs) were determined at an Italian teaching hospital over a 12-month period. For this purpose, overall ordinary hospitalizations ≥ 2 days of subjects over 18 years old with discharge from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 were examined by cross-referencing demographic and clinical data from hospital discharge forms with microbiological data from the computer system of the Microbiology Unit. We identified 329 individuals with HARIs (96 females and 233 males; median age 70 years, range 18−93), who represented ¼ of the total hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in the period. The inpatient setting was medical and surgical in similar proportions (169 vs. 160, respectively) and the mean hospital stay was 38.9 ± 33.6 days. One hundred and forty patients (42.6% of the total sample) were suffering from one or more chronic diseases. A total of 581 microorganisms (82 antibiotic-resistant and 499 non-resistant) were detected in HARI patients. The most common isolated species were Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.3%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.6%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (10.5%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (5.3%), Escherichia coli (5.2%) and Enterococcus spp. (4.8%). One hundred and sixty-seven individuals (49.0% of the total) had polymicrobial infections. One hundred thirty-one patients (39.8% of the total) underwent endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation and 62.6% of them died, compared to 17.7% of the non-intubated patients. Multivariable analysis confirmed a positive correlation between death and increased age (p = 0.05), surgical MDC (p = 0.007), number of microorganisms over the sample mean (p = 0.001), the presence of chronic diseases (p = 0.046), and intubation and mechanical ventilation (p < 0.0001). A positive correlation between intubation and antibiotic-resistant organisms (p = 0.003) was also found. HARIs are still a major public health problem and require constant surveillance due to their severe clinical outcome.
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Farias LABG, Stolp ÂMV, Bandeira SP, Mesquita RF, Bessa PPDN, de Holanda PEL, Costa SF, Takeda CFV, Perdigão LV. Meningitis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in a COVID-19 patient: a rare complication of dog bites. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e33. [PMID: 35544911 PMCID: PMC9084465 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a gram-negative rod that is part of the commensal microbiota of dogs' and cats' mouths. In this case, we report an 85-year-old man with COVID-19 who had his right arm bitten by a dog. His symptoms were impaired consciousness, agitation and aggressive behavior. Physical examination revealed neck stiffness and Brudzinski's sign. The cerebrospinal fluid culture was compatible with Capnocytophaga canimorsus. He required intensive care and received a 14-day prescription of meropenem. After 40 days of hospitalization, the patient was fully recovered and was discharged. This case highlights the importance of physician and microbiologist be awareness of this disease, mainly in patients with neurological symptoms after a dog or cat bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Ceará, Programa de Residência Médica em Infectologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Veras Stolp
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Ceará, Setor de Microbiologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christianne Fernandes Valente Takeda
- Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Ceará, Programa de Residência Médica em Infectologia, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lauro Vieira Perdigão
- Hospital São José de Doenças Infecciosas, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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Evaluation of a Luminometric Cell Counting System in Context of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050950. [PMID: 35630394 PMCID: PMC9147394 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance belongs to the most demanding medical challenges, and antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is considered a promising alternative to classical antibiotics. However, the pharmacologic characterization of novel compounds suitable for aPDI is a tedious and time-consuming task that usually requires preparation of bacterial cultures and counting of bacterial colonies. In this study, we established and utilized a luminescence-based microbial cell viability assay to analyze the aPDI effects of two porphyrin-based photosensitizers (TMPyP and THPTS) on several bacterial strains with antimicrobial resistance. We demonstrate that after adaptation of the protocol and initial calibration to every specific bacterial strain and photosensitizer, the luminometric method can be used to reliably quantify aPDI effects in most of the analyzed bacterial strains. The interference of photosensitizers with the luminometric readout and the bioluminescence of some bacterial strains were identified as possible confounders. Using this method, we could confirm the susceptibility of several bacterial strains to photodynamic treatment, including extensively drug-resistant pathogens (XDR). In contrast to the conventional culture-based determination of bacterial density, the luminometric assay allowed for a much more time-effective analysis of various treatment conditions. We recommend this luminometric method for high-throughput tasks requiring measurements of bacterial viability in the context of photodynamic treatment approaches.
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Álvaro-Alonso EA, Lorenzo MP, Gonzalez-Prieto A, Izquierdo-García E, Escobar-Rodríguez I, Aguilar-Ros A. Physicochemical and Microbiological Stability of Two Oral Solutions of Methadone Hydrochloride 10 mg/mL. Molecules 2022; 27:2812. [PMID: 35566167 PMCID: PMC9105510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we studied physicochemical and microbiological stability and determined the beyond-use date of two oral solutions of methadone in three storage conditions. For this, two oral solutions of methadone (10 mg/mL) were prepared, with and without parabens, as preservatives. They were packed in amber glass vials kept unopened until the day of the test, and in a multi-dose umber glass bottle opened daily. They were stored at 5 ± 3 °C, 25 ± 2 °C and 40 ± 2 °C. pH, clarity, and organoleptic characteristics were obtained. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine methadone. Microbiological quality was studied and antimicrobial effectiveness testing was also determined following European Pharmacopoeia guidelines. Samples were analyzed at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 91 in triplicate. After 91 days of storage, pH remained stable at about 6.5-7 in the two solutions, ensuring no risk of methadone precipitation. The organoleptic characteristics remained stable (colorless, odorless, and bitter taste). The absence of particles was confirmed. No differences were found with the use of preservatives. Methadone concentration remained within 95-105% in all samples. No microbial growth was observed. Hence, the two oral methadone solutions were physically and microbiologically stable at 5 ± 3 °C, 25 ± 2 °C, and 40 ± 2 °C for 91 days in closed and opened amber glass bottles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Alba Álvaro-Alonso
- Pharmacy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Av. Gran Vía del Este, 80, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.I.-G.); (I.E.-R.)
| | - Ma Paz Lorenzo
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| | - Andrea Gonzalez-Prieto
- Central Laboratory of Madrid UR Salud, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, Paseo de Europa, 34, San Sebastián de los Reyes, 28703 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elsa Izquierdo-García
- Pharmacy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Av. Gran Vía del Este, 80, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.I.-G.); (I.E.-R.)
| | - Ismael Escobar-Rodríguez
- Pharmacy Department, Infanta Leonor University Hospital, Av. Gran Vía del Este, 80, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (E.I.-G.); (I.E.-R.)
| | - Antonio Aguilar-Ros
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
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Identification and Subtyping of Salmonella Isolates Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption–Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040688. [PMID: 35456741 PMCID: PMC9025770 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtyping of bacterial isolates of the same genus and species is an important tool in epidemiological investigations. A number of phenotypic and genotypic subtyping methods are available; however, most of these methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming and require considerable operator skill and a wealth of reagents. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption–Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), an alternative to conventional subtyping methods, offers a rapid, reproducible method for bacterial identification with a high sensitivity and specificity and at minimal cost. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using MALDI-TOF to differentiate between six Salmonella serovars recovered from experimental microcosms inoculated with known strains of Salmonella. Following the establishment of a MALDI-TOF reference library for this project, the identity of 843 Salmonella isolates recovered from these microcosms was assessed using both MALDI-TOF and conventional methods (serotyping/PCR). All 843 isolates were identified as being Salmonella species. Overall, 803/843 (95%) of these isolates were identified similarly using the two different methods. Positive percent agreement at the serovar level ranged from 79 to 100%, and negative percent agreement for all serovars was greater than 98%. Cohen’s kappa ranged from 0.85 to 0.98 for the different serovars. This study demonstrates that MALDI-TOF is a viable alternative for the rapid identification and differentiation of Salmonella serovars.
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MALDI-Based Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Testing: Focus on Bacterial Identification. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The term “proteome” refers to the total of all proteins expressed in an organism. The term “proteomics” refers to the field of research that includes not only information on the expression levels of individual proteins, but also their higher-order structures, intermolecular interactions, and post-translational modifications. The core technology, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), is available for protein analysis thanks to the work of Koichi Tanaka and John Fenn, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. The most successful proteome analysis in clinical practice is rapid microbial identification. This method determines the bacterial species by comparing the proteome profile of the bacteria obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS) with a database. MS is superior in simplicity, speed, and accuracy to classic speciation by staining and phenotyping. In clinical microbiology, MS has had a large impact on the diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease. Early diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease are important, and rapid identification by MALDI-TOF MS has made a major contribution to this field.
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45
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Mendonça A, Santos H, Franco-Duarte R, Sampaio P. Fungal infections diagnosis - Past, present and future. Res Microbiol 2022; 173:103915. [PMID: 34863883 PMCID: PMC8634697 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the scientific advances observed in the recent decades and the emergence of new methodologies, the diagnosis of systemic fungal infections persists as a problematic issue. Fungal cultivation, the standard method that allows a proven diagnosis, has numerous disadvantages, as low sensitivity (only 50% of the patients present positive fungal cultures), and long growth time. These are factors that delay the patient's treatment and, consequently, lead to higher hospital costs. To improve the accuracy and quickness of fungal infections diagnosis, several new methodologies attempt to be implemented in clinical microbiology laboratories. Most of these innovative methods are independent of pathogen isolation, which means that the diagnosis goes from being considered proven to probable. In spite of the advantage of being culture-independent, the majority of the methods lack standardization. PCR-based methods are becoming more and more commonly used, which has earned them an important place in hospital laboratories. This can be perceived now, as PCR-based methodologies have proved to be an essential tool fighting against the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to go through the main steps of the diagnosis for systemic fungal infection, from diagnostic classifications, through methodologies considered as "gold standard", to the molecular methods currently used, and finally mentioning some of the more futuristic approaches.
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Muggeo A, Perotin JM, Brisebarre A, Dury S, Dormoy V, Launois C, Ancel J, Mulette P, de Champs C, Deslée G, Guillard T. Extended Bacteria Culture-Based Clustering Identifies a Phenotype Associating Increased Cough and Enterobacterales in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:781797. [PMID: 34970242 PMCID: PMC8712763 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. This chronic respiratory disease represents the third leading cause of death worldwide. Alteration of the airway microbiota has been reported to be associated with exacerbation frequency in COPD, but its role on the symptoms in patients at stable state is still incompletely described. This study aimed to determine whether bacteria isolated in sputum can be associated with the clinical features of COPD patients within stable state. Our study highlights, for the first time, that altered microbiota with Enterobacterales is associated with pejorative clinical symptoms in stable COPD patients. The airway microbiota of 38 patients was analyzed using an extended culture approach and mass spectrometry identification. Cluster analysis by principal coordinate analysis of the bacterial communities showed that the patients could be classified into three distinct clusters in our cohort. The clusters showed no differences in proportions of the phylum, but one of them was associated with a high prevalence of Enterobacterales (71.4% in cluster 1 vs. 0% in cluster 3), loss of microbiota diversity, and higher bacterial load (107 vs. 105 CFU/ml, respectively) and characterized by predominant cough and impact on mental health. These novel findings, supported by further studies, could lead to modifying the processing of COPD sputum in the everyday practice of clinical microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Muggeo
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology-Hospital Hygiene-Parasitology-Mycology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Jeanne-Marie Perotin
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France
| | - Sandra Dury
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France
| | - Claire Launois
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Julien Ancel
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Pauline Mulette
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Christophe de Champs
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology-Hospital Hygiene-Parasitology-Mycology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslée
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Inserm UMR-S 1250 Pulmonary pathologies and cellular plasticity (P3Cell), Reims-Champagne-Ardenne University, SFR CAP Santé, Reims, France.,Laboratory of Bacteriology-Virology-Hospital Hygiene-Parasitology-Mycology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
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47
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Albuquerque VDQ, Soares MJC, Matos MNC, Cavalcante RMB, Guerrero JAP, Soares Rodrigues TH, Gomes GA, de Medeiros Guedes RF, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Goes da Silva IN, Carneiro VA. Anti-Staphylococcal Activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil against Planktonic and Biofilm Cells Isolated from Canine Otological Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010004. [PMID: 35052881 PMCID: PMC8773145 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (CZEO) and their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus strains isolated from canine otitis. First, the CZEO chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS). External otitis samples collected from dogs were submitted to staphylococcal isolation, followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identification. The antimicrobial action was tested against the isolates using the disk-diffusion and microdilution methods. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by CZEO-based concentrations, subMIC for biofilm formation and supraMIC against preformed biofilm, quantified by crystal violet (CV) staining and CFU counting. The chemical analysis revealed that (E)-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and (E)-cinnamyl acetate were the main compounds in the CZEO, representing 77.42, 8.17 and 4.50%, respectively. Two strains of three different species, S. saprophyticus, S. schleiferi and S. pseudintermedius, were identified. The disk-diffusion test showed an inhibitory zone diameter, ranging from 34.0 to 49.5 mm, while the MIC and MBC values were around 500 and 1000 µg/mL. SubMIC demonstrated an inhibition on biofilm formation against 4 out the 6 strains tested. On mature biofilm, the CZEO-based supraMIC groups had slightly change on biomass, however, the biofilm cell viability decreased the CFU in 3 magnitude orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius de Queiroz Albuquerque
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará—Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (V.d.Q.A.); (I.N.G.d.S.)
| | - Maria Janeila Carvalho Soares
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA-UNINTA, Sobral 62050-100, Brazil;
| | - Maria Nágila Carneiro Matos
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral 62048-280, Brazil; (M.N.C.M.); (R.M.B.C.); (J.A.P.G.)
| | - Rafaela Mesquita Bastos Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral 62048-280, Brazil; (M.N.C.M.); (R.M.B.C.); (J.A.P.G.)
| | - Jesús Alberto Pérez Guerrero
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral 62048-280, Brazil; (M.N.C.M.); (R.M.B.C.); (J.A.P.G.)
| | | | - Geovany Amorim Gomes
- Center of Exact Science and Technology, State University of Acaraú Valley, Sobral 62040-370, Brazil; (T.H.S.R.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Rodrigo Fonseca de Medeiros Guedes
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Microbiology Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-160, Brazil; (R.F.d.M.G.); (D.d.S.C.M.C.-B.)
| | | | - Isaac Neto Goes da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará—Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza 60714-903, Brazil; (V.d.Q.A.); (I.N.G.d.S.)
| | - Victor Alves Carneiro
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA-UNINTA, Sobral 62050-100, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral 62048-280, Brazil; (M.N.C.M.); (R.M.B.C.); (J.A.P.G.)
- Correspondence:
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48
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Gonzalez LE, Szalwinski LJ, Marsh BM, Wells JM, Cooks RG. Immediate and sensitive detection of sporulated Bacillus subtilis by microwave release and tandem mass spectrometry of dipicolinic acid. Analyst 2021; 146:7104-7108. [PMID: 34757350 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spore lysis of Bacillus species is achieved by brief (1 min) microwave irradiation while tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allows identification of the characteristic spore marker, dipicolinic acid. This rapid measurement, made on 105-108 spores, has significant implications for biothreat recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Edwin Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Lucas J Szalwinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | - Brett M Marsh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
| | | | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Buszewski B, Maślak E, Złoch M, Railean-Plugaru V, Kłodzińska E, Pomastowski P. A new approach to identifying pathogens, with particular regard to viruses, based on capillary electrophoresis and other analytical techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 139:116250. [PMID: 34776563 PMCID: PMC8573725 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fast determination, identification and characterization of pathogens is a significant challenge in many fields, from industry to medicine. Standard approaches (e.g., culture media and biochemical tests) are known to be very time-consuming and labor-intensive. Conversely, screening techniques demand a quick and low-cost grouping of microbial isolates, and current analysis call for broad reports of pathogens, involving the application of molecular, microscopy, and electromigration techniques, DNA fingerprinting and also MALDI-TOF methods. The present COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis that affects rich and poor countries alike. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in patient samples is a critical tool for monitoring disease spread, guiding therapeutic decisions and devising social distancing protocols. The goal of this review is to present an innovative methodology based on preparative separation of pathogens by electromigration techniques in combination with simultaneous analysis of the proteome, lipidome, and genome using laser desorption/ionization analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100, Torun, Poland.,Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewelina Maślak
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100, Torun, Poland.,Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Michał Złoch
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Kłodzińska
- Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, 01-982, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100, Torun, Poland
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50
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Raj N, Vanathi M, Ahmed NH, Gupta N, Lomi N, Tandon R. Recent Perspectives in the Management of Fungal Keratitis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110907. [PMID: 34829196 PMCID: PMC8621027 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotic keratitis is common in warm, humid regions with a varying profile of pathogenic fungi according to geographical origin, socioeconomic status, and climatic condition. Clinical diagnosis can be challenging in difficult cases and those refractory to treatment. Fungal hyphae on microscopic examination and culture isolation have been the gold standard in the laboratory diagnosis of fungal keratitis. A culture isolate of the aetiological fungus is essential to perform antifungal susceptibility testing. As the culture isolation of fungi is time-consuming, causing delays in the initiation of treatment, newer investigative modalities such as in vivo confocal microscopy and molecular diagnostic methods have recently gained popularity. Molecular diagnostic techniques now help to obtain a rapid diagnosis of fungal keratitis. Genomic approaches are based on detecting amplicons of ribosomal RNA genes, with internal transcribed spacers being increasingly adopted. Metagenomic deep sequencing allows for rapid and accurate diagnosis without the need to wait for the fungus to grow. This is also helpful in identifying new emerging strains of fungi causing mycotic keratitis. A custom-tear proteomic approach will probably play an important diagnostic role in future in the management of mycotic keratitis. Positive repeat cultures are being suggested as an important gauge indicative of a poor prognosis. Positive repeat fungal cultures help to modify a treatment regimen by increasing its frequency, providing the addition of another topical and oral antifungal agent along with close follow-up for perforation and identifying need for early therapeutic keratoplasty. The role of collagen crosslinking in the treatment of fungal keratitis is not convincingly established. Rapid detection by multiplex PCR and antifungal susceptibility testing of the pathogenic fungi, adopted into a routine management protocol of fungal keratitis, will help to improve treatment outcome. Early therapy is essential in minimizing damage to the corneal tissue, thereby providing a better outcome. The role of conventional therapy with polyenes, systemic and targeted therapy of antifungal agents, newer azoles and echinocandins in fungal keratitis has been widely studied in recent times. Combination therapy can be more efficacious in comparison to monotherapy. Given the diversity of fungal aetiology, the emergence of new corneal pathogenic fungi with varying drug susceptibilities, increasing the drug resistance to antifungal agents in some genera and species, it is perhaps time to adopt recent molecular methods for precise identification and incorporate antifungal susceptibility testing as a routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmy Raj
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Murugesan Vanathi
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-11-26593010; Fax: +91-11-26588919
| | - Nishat Hussain Ahmed
- Ocular Microbiology Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Noopur Gupta
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Neiwete Lomi
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Cornea, Lens & Refractive Surgery Services—Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (N.R.); (N.G.); (N.L.); (R.T.)
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