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Sasaki M, Suaini NHA, Afghani J, Heye KN, O'Mahony L, Venter C, Lauener R, Frei R, Roduit C. Systematic review of the association between short-chain fatty acids and allergic diseases. Allergy 2024; 79:1789-1811. [PMID: 38391245 DOI: 10.1111/all.16065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
We performed a systematic review to investigate the current evidence on the association between allergic diseases and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are microbially produced and suggested as one mechanism on how gut microbiome affects the risk of allergic diseases. Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched from data inception until September 2022. We identified 37 papers, of which 17 investigated prenatal or early childhood SCFAs and the development of allergic diseases in childhood, and 20 assessed SCFAs in patients with pre-existing allergic diseases. Study design, study populations, outcome definition, analysis method and reporting of the results varied between papers. Overall, there was some evidence showing that the three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) in the first few years of life had a protective effect against allergic diseases, especially for atopic dermatitis, wheeze or asthma and IgE-mediated food allergy in childhood. The association between each SCFA and allergic disease appeared to be different by disease and the age of assessment. Further research that can determine the potentially timing specific effect of each SCFA will be useful to investigate how SCFAs can be used in treatment or in prevention against allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sasaki
- University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Noor H A Suaini
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jamie Afghani
- Environmental Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Environmental Health Centre, Helmholtz Munich - German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina N Heye
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carina Venter
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado/Childrens Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Roger Lauener
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Remo Frei
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
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Albuquerque Pereira MDF, Matias Albuini F, Gouveia Peluzio MDC. Anti-inflammatory pathways of kefir in murine model: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:210-227. [PMID: 37203423 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Kefir consumption has been associated with immune response modulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the role of kefir against inflammation and the main response mechanisms involved in this process in a murine model. DATA SOURCES The searches were searched in the PubMed, Science Direct, and LILACS databases. Only murine model studies, according to PRISMA guidelines, published in the past 10 years were included. STUDY SELECTION Only articles about original and placebo-controlled experiments in murine models used to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of kefir were considered. Of the articles found, 349 were excluded according to the following criteria: duplicate articles (n = 99), off-topic title and abstract (n = 157), reviews (n = 47), studies in vitro (n = 29), and studies with humans (n = 17). In total, 23 studies were included in this review. DATA EXTRACTION Two independently working authors assessed the risk of bias and extracted data from the included studies. RESULTS Kefir consumption had positive effects on inflammation modulation. The main mechanisms involved were the reduction of pro-inflammatory and molecular markers; reduction in inflammatory infiltrate in tissues, serum biomarkers, risk factors for chronic diseases, and parasitic infection; composition and metabolic activity change of intestinal microbiota and mycobiota; activation of humoral and cellular immunity; and modulation of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Kefir modulates the immune system in different experimental models, among other secondary outcomes, to improve overall health. The beverage reduces inflammation through the alternation between innate, Th1, and Th2 responses, reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing those of anti-inflammatory ones. In addition, it also mediates immunomodulatory and protective effects through the numerous molecular biomarkers and organic acids produced and secreted by kefir in the intestinal microbiota. The health-promoting effects attributed to kefir may help in the different treatments of inflammatory, chronic, and infectious diseases in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Fátima Albuquerque Pereira
- Food Analysis and Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Matias Albuini
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Gouveia Peluzio
- Food Analysis and Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Huang KY, Liang BS, Zhang XY, Chen H, Ma N, Lan JL, Li DY, Zhou ZW, Yang M. Molecular characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from a tertiary children's hospital in Guangzhou, China, establishing an association between bacterial colonization and food allergies in infants. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:47. [PMID: 37807056 PMCID: PMC10561448 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common types of food allergy in infants. Faecal pathogen cultures showed that the positive rate of Clostridium perfringens was more than 30%, which was significantly higher than that for other bacteria. Therefore, it is speculated that Clostridium perfringens colonization may be one of the pathogenetic factors for CMPA in infants. We conducted a real-world evidence study. Infants aged 0-6 months with diarrhoea and mucoid and/or bloody stools were recruited from a large tertiary hospital in China. Faecal pathogen cultures for the detection of Clostridium perfringens were confirmed by flight mass spectrometry, and potential toxin genes were identified using PCR. After 12 months of follow-up, the diagnoses of CMPA and food allergy were recorded. The correlation was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS In this study, 358 infants aged 0-6 months with gastrointestinal symptoms and faecal pathogen cultures were recruited. A total of 270 (44.07% girls; mean age, 2.78 ± 2.84 months) infants were followed up for 12 months. Overall, the rate of positivity for Clostridium perfringens in faecal pathogen cultures was 35.75% (128/358) in infants aged ≤ 6 months. The earliest Clostridium perfringens colonization was detected within 2 days after birth. The majority of Clostridium perfringens isolates were classified as type C in 85 stool samples. In the Clostridium perfringens-positive group, 48.21% (54/112) of infants were clinically diagnosed with food allergies after 12 months, including 37.5% (42/112) with CMPA, which was significantly higher than that of the negative group, with 7.59% (12/158) exhibiting food allergies and 5.06% (8/158) presenting CMPA (P < 0.0001). Faecal Clostridium perfringens positivity was significantly correlated with CMPA, food allergy, faecal occult blood, faecal white blood cells, antibiotic use, increased peripheral blood platelet counts, and decreased haemoglobin levels (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that intestinal colonization by Clostridium perfringens is common in infants. The majority of Clostridium perfringens isolates are classified as type C. Colonization of the intestine by Clostridium perfringens is associated with the development of CMPA and food allergy in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Shao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao-Li Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Zhen-Wen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College (Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Hong RP, Hou YY, Xu XJ, Lang JD, Jin YF, Zeng XF, Zhang X, Tian G, You X. The Difference of Gut Microbiota and Their Correlations With Urinary Organic Acids Between Autistic Children With and Without Atopic Dermatitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:886196. [PMID: 35800387 PMCID: PMC9253573 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.886196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a kind of biologically based neurodevelopmental condition, and the coexistence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is not uncommon. Given that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of both diseases, we aimed to explore the differences of gut microbiota and their correlations with urinary organic acids between autistic children with and without AD. We enrolled 61 autistic children including 36 with AD and 25 without AD. The gut microbiota was sequenced by metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and the diversity, compositions, and functional pathways were analyzed further. Urinary organic acids were assayed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and univariate/multivariate analyses were applied. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to explore their relationships. In our study, AD individuals had more prominent gastrointestinal disorders. The alpha diversity of the gut microbiota was lower in the AD group. LEfSe analysis showed a higher abundance of Anaerostipes caccae, Eubacterium hallii, and Bifidobacterium bifidum in AD individuals, with Akkermansia muciniphila, Roseburia intestinalis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Rothia mucilaginosa in controls. Meanwhile, functional profiles showed that the pathway of lipid metabolism had a higher proportion in the AD group, and the pathway of xenobiotics biodegradation was abundant in controls. Among urinary organic acids, adipic acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, tartaric acid, homovanillic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, aconitic acid, and 2-hydroxyhippuric acid were richer in the AD group. However, only adipic acid remained significant in the multivariate analysis (OR = 1.513, 95% CI [1.042, 2.198], P = 0.030). In the correlation analysis, Roseburia intestinalis had a negative correlation with aconitic acid (r = -0.14, P = 0.02), and the latter was positively correlated with adipic acid (r = 0.41, P = 0.006). Besides, the pathway of xenobiotics biodegradation seems to inversely correlate with adipic acid (r = -0.42, P = 0.18). The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of AD in autistic children, and more well-designed studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-ping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-ying Hou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-jie Xu
- Medical Science Research Center, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Scientific Research, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xiao-feng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xin You
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
- Autism Special Fund, Peking Union Medical Foundation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin You,
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The effect of probiotics on the clinical status of adult patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:94. [PMID: 35701836 PMCID: PMC9199243 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe, through a literature review, the results and benefits of oral and topical probiotics for adult patients with atopic dermatitis. Design A systematic review of articles published over a 13-year period was conducted to answer the following questions: (1) what information is given in the scientific literature concerning the use of probiotics in adult patients with atopic dermatitis? (2) Was there an improvement in the clinical status of the patients? (3) Was there a change in the microbial profile in patients after using such approaches? (4) Among the probiotics used, which was the most used in adult AD patients? (5) What was the average time of these interventions? (6) What were the outcomes? Results Seven studies with different sample sizes, ranging from 16 to 109 patients, were included in this review. These studies were all clinical trials (7/7), and probiotics (7/7) was the model of intervention chosen. Probiotics showed a potential to relieve the symptoms of the study groups with a reduction of pruritus and SCORAD when compared to the placebo groups. However, their effectiveness varied according to the strain, period, and form of administration. Conclusions Many studies have demonstrated that probiotics improve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis and even its prevention. However, there is still much controversy and divergence concerning the real benefits. Despite this, probiotics have demonstrated a fair ability in improving AD adult patients’ symptoms in terms of decreasing pruritus and severity related to SCORAD.
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Ristori S, Scavone F, Bartolozzi C, Giovannelli L. The comet assay for the evaluation of gut content genotoxicity: Use in human studies as an early biomarker of colon cancer risk. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 878:503477. [PMID: 35649683 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This short narrative review describes the use of the comet assay to evaluate the formation of genotoxic compounds in the gut lumen in human studies. The fecal water genotoxicity assay is based on ability of the gut content to induce genotoxicity in a cellular model, employing the aqueous component of the feces (fecal water) as this is supposed to contain most of the reactive species and to convey them to the intestinal epithelium. This non-invasive and low-cost assay has been demonstrated to be associated with colon cancer risk in animal models, and although the final validation against human tumors is lacking, it is widely used as a colo-rectal cancer risk biomarker in human nutritional intervention studies. The contribution given to the field of nutrition and cancer by the FW genotoxicity assay is highlighted, particularly in conjunction with other risk biomarkers, to shed light on the complex relationship among diet, microbiota, individual subject characteristics and the formation of genotoxic compounds in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ristori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Scavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Bartolozzi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Regulation of Eosinophilia-Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094377. [PMID: 33922158 PMCID: PMC8122716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are key components of our host defense and potent effectors in allergic and inflammatory diseases. Once recruited to the inflammatory site, eosinophils release their cytotoxic granule proteins as well as cytokines and lipid mediators, contributing to parasite clearance but also to exacerbation of inflammation and tissue damage. However, eosinophils have recently been shown to play an important homeostatic role in different tissues under steady state. Despite the tremendous progress in the treatment of eosinophilic disorders with the implementation of biologics, there is an unmet need for novel therapies that specifically target the cytotoxic effector functions of eosinophils without completely depleting this multifunctional immune cell type. Recent studies have uncovered several endogenous molecules that decrease eosinophil migration and activation. These include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, which are produced in large quantities in the gastrointestinal tract by commensal bacteria and enter the systemic circulation. In addition, high-density lipoprotein-associated anti-inflammatory apolipoproteins have recently been shown to attenuate eosinophil migration and activation. Here, we focus on the anti-pathogenic properties of SCFAs and apolipoproteins on eosinophil effector function and provide insights into the potential use of SCFAs and apolipoproteins (and their mimetics) as effective agents to combat eosinophilic inflammation.
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8
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Keane JM, Joyce SA, Gahan CGM, Hyland NP, Houston A. Microbial Metabolites as Molecular Mediators of Host-Microbe Symbiosis in Colorectal Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2020; 69:581-603. [PMID: 33263888 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-51849-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The symbiosis between the gut microbiota and the host has been identified as an integral part of normal human physiology and physiological development. Research in germ-free or gnotobiotic animals has demonstrated the importance of this symbiosis in immune, vascular, hepatic, respiratory and metabolic systems. Disruption of the microbiota can also contribute to disease, and the microbiota has been implicated in numerous intestinal and extra-intestinal pathologies including colorectal cancer. Interactions between host and microbiota can occur either directly or indirectly, via microbial-derived metabolites. In this chapter, we focus on two major products of microbial metabolism, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, and their role in colorectal cancer. Short-chain fatty acids are the products of microbial fermentation of complex carbohydrates and confer protection against cancer risk, while bile acids are compounds which are endogenous to the host, but undergo microbial modification in the large intestine leading to alterations in their bioactivity. Lastly, we discuss the ability of microbial modulation to mediate cancer risk and the potential to harness this ability as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Keane
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - S A Joyce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C G M Gahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - N P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - A Houston
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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9
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Metabolic footprint and intestinal microbial changes in response to dietary proteins in a pig model. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:149-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Makrgeorgou A, Leonardi‐Bee J, Bath‐Hextall FJ, Murrell DF, Tang MLK, Roberts A, Boyle RJ. Probiotics for treating eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 11:CD006135. [PMID: 30480774 PMCID: PMC6517242 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006135.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eczema is a common chronic skin condition. Probiotics have been proposed as an effective treatment for eczema; their use is increasing, as numerous clinical trials are under way. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2008, which suggested that probiotics may not be an effective treatment for eczema but identified areas in which evidence was lacking. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of probiotics for treating patients of all ages with eczema. SEARCH METHODS We updated our searches of the following databases to January 2017: the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in the Cochrane Library, the Global Resource of Eczema Trials (GREAT) database, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). We searched five trials registers and checked the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews for further references to relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We also handsearched a number of conference proceedings. We updated the searches of the main databases in January 2018 and of trials registries in March 2018, but we have not yet incorporated these results into the review. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of probiotics (live orally ingested micro-organisms) compared with no treatment, placebo, or other active intervention with no probiotics for the treatment of eczema diagnosed by a doctor. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures as expected by Cochrane. We recorded adverse events from the included studies and from a separate adverse events search conducted for the first review. We formally assessed reporting bias by preparing funnel plots, and we performed trial sequential analysis for the first primary outcome - eczema symptoms at the end of active treatment.We used GRADE to assess the quality of the evidence for each outcome (in italic font). MAIN RESULTS We included 39 randomised controlled trials involving 2599 randomised participants. We included participants of either gender, aged from the first year of life through to 55 years (only six studies assessed adults), who had mild to severe eczema. Trials were undertaken in primary and secondary healthcare settings, mainly in Europe or Asia. Duration of treatment ranged from four weeks to six months, and duration of follow-up after end of treatment ranged from zero to 36 months. We selected no standard dose: researchers used a variety of doses and concentrations of probiotics. The probiotics used were bacteria of the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria species, which were taken alone or combined with other probiotics, and were given with or without prebiotics. Comparators were no treatment, placebo, and other treatments with no probiotics.For all results described in this abstract, the comparator was no probiotics. Active treatment ranged from six weeks to three months for all of the following results, apart from the investigator-rated eczema severity outcome, for which the upper limit of active treatment was 16 weeks. With regard to score, the higher the score, the more severe were the symptoms. All key results reported in this abstract were measured at the end of active treatment, except for adverse events, which were measured during the active treatment period.Probiotics probably make little or no difference in participant- or parent-rated symptoms of eczema (13 trials; 754 participants): symptom severity on a scale from 0 to 20 was 0.44 points lower after probiotic treatment (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.22 to 0.33; moderate-quality evidence). Trial sequential analysis shows that target sample sizes of 258 and 456, which are necessary to demonstrate a minimum mean difference of -2 and -1.5, respectively, with 90% power, have been exceeded, suggesting that further trials with similar probiotic strains for this outcome at the end of active treatment may be futile.We found no evidence suggesting that probiotics make a difference in QoL for patients with eczema (six studies; 552 participants; standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.03, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.42; low-quality evidence) when measured by the participant or the parent using validated disease-specific QoL instruments.Probiotics may slightly reduce investigator-rated eczema severity scores (24 trials; 1596 participants). On a scale of 0 to 103 for total Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), a score combining investigator-rated eczema severity score and participant scoring for eczema symptoms of itch and sleep loss was 3.91 points lower after probiotic treatment than after no probiotic treatment (95% CI -5.86 to -1.96; low-quality evidence). The minimum clinically important difference for SCORAD has been estimated to be 8.7 points.We noted significant to extreme levels of unexplainable heterogeneity between the results of individual studies. We judged most studies to be at unclear risk of bias; six studies had high attrition bias, and nine were at low risk of bias overall.We found no evidence to show that probiotics make a difference in the risk of adverse events during active treatment (risk ratio (RR) 1.54, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.63; seven trials; 402 participants; low-quality evidence). Studies in our review that reported adverse effects described gastrointestinal symptoms. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that, compared with no probiotic, currently available probiotic strains probably make little or no difference in improving patient-rated eczema symptoms. Probiotics may make little or no difference in QoL for people with eczema nor in investigator-rated eczema severity score (combined with participant scoring for eczema symptoms of itch and sleep loss); for the latter, the observed effect was small and of uncertain clinical significance. Therefore, use of probiotics for the treatment of eczema is currently not evidence-based. This update found no evidence of increased adverse effects with probiotic use during studies, but a separate adverse events search from the first review revealed that probiotic treatment carries a small risk of adverse events.Results show significant, unexplainable heterogeneity between individual trial results. Only a small number of studies measured some outcomes.Future studies should better measure QoL scores and adverse events, and should report on new probiotics. Researchers should also consider studying subgroups of patients (e.g. patients with atopy or food allergies, adults) and standardising doses/concentrations of probiotics given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Makrgeorgou
- West Ambulatory Care HospitalDepartment of DermatologyDalnair StreetGlasgowUKG3 8SJ
| | - Jo Leonardi‐Bee
- The University of NottinghamDivision of Epidemiology and Public HealthClinical Sciences BuildingNottingham City Hospital NHS Trust Campus, Hucknall RoadNottinghamUKNG5 1PB
| | - Fiona J Bath‐Hextall
- University of NottinghamSchool of Health SciencesB Floor, South Block LinkQueens Medical CentreNottinghamUKNG7 2HA
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- St George Hospital & University of New South WalesDepartment of DermatologyBelgrave StKogarahSydneyNSWAustralia2217
| | - Mimi LK Tang
- Royal Children's HospitalDepartment of Allergy and ImmunologyFlemington RoadMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3052
- Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteAllergy and Immune DisordersFlemington RoadParkvilleMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3052
- The University of MelbourneDepartment of PaediatricsMelbourneAustralia
| | - Amanda Roberts
- Nottingham Support Group for Carers of Children with EczemaNottinghamUKNG5 4FG
| | - Robert J Boyle
- Imperial College LondonSection of Paediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineWright Fleming BuildingNorfolk PlaceLondonUKW2 1PG
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11
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Trautvetter U, Camarinha-Silva A, Jahreis G, Lorkowski S, Glei M. High phosphorus intake and gut-related parameters - results of a randomized placebo-controlled human intervention study. Nutr J 2018; 17:23. [PMID: 29452584 PMCID: PMC5815223 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, high phosphate intakes were discussed critically. In the small intestine, a part of the ingested phosphate and calcium precipitates to amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), which in turn can precipitate other intestinal substances, thus leading to a beneficial modulation of the intestinal environment. Therefore, we analysed faecal samples obtained from a human intervention study regarding gut-related parameters. Methods Sixty-two healthy subjects (men, n = 30; women, n = 32) completed the double-blind, placebo-controlled and parallel designed study (mean age: 29 ± 7 years; mean BMI: 24 ± 3 kg/m2). Supplements were monosodium phosphate and calcium carbonate. During the first 2 weeks, all groups consumed a placebo sherbet powder, and afterwards a sherbet powder for 8 weeks according to the intervention group: P1000/Ca0 (1000 mg/d phosphorus), P1000/Ca500 (1000 mg/d phosphorus and 500 mg/d calcium) and P1000/Ca1000 (1000 mg/d phosphorus and 1000 mg/d calcium). After the placebo period and after 8 weeks of intervention faecal collections took place. We determined in faeces: short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and fat as well as the composition of the microbiome (subgroup) and cyto- and genotoxicity of faecal water (FW). By questionnaire evaluation we examined tolerability of the used phosphorus supplement. Results Faecal fat concentrations did not change significantly due to the interventions. Concentrations of faecal total SCFA and acetate were significantly higher after 8 weeks of P1000/Ca500 supplementation compared to the P1000/Ca0 supplementation. In men, faecal total SCFA and acetate concentrations were significantly higher after 8 weeks in the P1000/Ca1000 group compared to the P1000/Ca0 one. None of the interventions markedly affected cyto- and genotoxic activity of FW. Men of the P1000/Ca1000 intervention had a significantly different gut microbial community compared to the men of the P1000/Ca0 and P1000/Ca500 ones. The genus Clostridium XVIII was significantly more abundant in men of the P1000/Ca1000 intervention group compared to the other groups. Supplementations did not cause increased intestinal distress. Conclusions The used high phosphorus diet did not influence cyto- and genotoxicity of FW and the concentrations of faecal fat independent of calcium intake. Our study provides first hints for a potential phosphorus-induced modulation of the gut community and the faecal total SCFA content. Trial registration The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02095392. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-018-0331-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Trautvetter
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jahreis
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 23, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 25, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Glei
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Jena, Germany
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12
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Wang M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zheng H, Ma F, Ma C, Zhang X, Lu B, Xie Z, Liao Q. The effect of probiotics and polysaccharides on the gut microbiota composition and function of weaned rats. Food Funct 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01507k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A combination of probiotics and polysaccharides may be used as a functional food to modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yongxiong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | | | - Yuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Haihui Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fangli Ma
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd
- Guangzhou
- China
| | | | - Xiaojun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Biyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Shenzhen)
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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13
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Mundi M, Mikal KM, Ahmed OH, Sarbini SR. A review on the effects of prebiotics on cell toxicity and integrity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1326937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morven Mundi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kathleen Michelle Mikal
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Osumanu Haruna Ahmed
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
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14
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Danilo CA, Constantopoulos E, McKee LA, Chen H, Regan JA, Lipovka Y, Lahtinen S, Stenman LK, Nguyen TVV, Doyle KP, Slepian MJ, Khalpey ZI, Konhilas JP. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 mitigates the pathological impact of myocardial infarction in the mouse. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:257-269. [PMID: 28409534 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that our microbial environment in the gut plays a critical role in the maintenance of health and the pathogenesis of disease. Probiotic, beneficial gut microbes, administration can directly attenuate cardiac injury and post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodelling, yet the mechanisms of cardioprotection are unknown. We hypothesised that administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 (B420), a probiotic with known anti-inflammatory properties, to mice will mitigate the pathological impact of MI, and that anti-inflammatory T regulatory (Treg) immune cells are necessary to impart protection against MI as a result of B420 administration. Wild-type male mice were administered B420, saline or Lactobacillus salivarius 33 (Ls-33) by gavage daily for 14 or 35 days, and underwent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Pretreatment with B420 for 10 or 28 days attenuated cardiac injury from I/R and reduced levels of inflammatory markers. Depletion of Treg cells by administration of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies eliminated B420-mediated cardio-protection. Further cytokine analysis revealed a shift from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory environment in the probiotic treated post-MI hearts compared to controls. To summarise, B420 administration mitigates the pathological impact of MI. Next, we show that Treg immune cells are necessary to mediate B420-mediated protection against MI. Finally, we identify putative cellular, epigenetic and/or post-translational mechanisms of B420-mediated protection against MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Danilo
- 1 Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - E Constantopoulos
- 1 Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - L A McKee
- 1 Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.,4 Department of Neurobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - H Chen
- 1 Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.,5 Arizona Center for Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - J A Regan
- 1 Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.,6 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Y Lipovka
- 1 Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - S Lahtinen
- 2 DuPont Nutrition and Health, Active Nutrition, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - L K Stenman
- 2 DuPont Nutrition and Health, Active Nutrition, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - T-V V Nguyen
- 3 Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.,4 Department of Neurobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,5 Arizona Center for Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - K P Doyle
- 3 Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.,4 Department of Neurobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,5 Arizona Center for Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - M J Slepian
- 6 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Z I Khalpey
- 7 Department Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - J P Konhilas
- 1 Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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15
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Primec M, Mičetić-Turk D, Langerholc T. Analysis of short-chain fatty acids in human feces: A scoping review. Anal Biochem 2017; 526:9-21. [PMID: 28300535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in humans, therefore the importance of a good and reliable SCFAs analytical detection has raised a lot in the past few years. The aim of this scoping review is to show the trends in the development of different methods of SCFAs analysis in feces, based on the literature published in the last eleven years in all major indexing databases. The search criteria included analytical quantification techniques of SCFAs in different human clinical and in vivo studies. SCFAs analysis is still predominantly performed using gas chromatography (GC), followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Performances, drawbacks and advantages of these methods are discussed, especially in the light of choosing a proper pretreatment, as feces is a complex biological material. Further optimization to develop a simple, cost effective and robust method for routine use is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Primec
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia.
| | - Dušanka Mičetić-Turk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Langerholc
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia
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16
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Soleimani A, Zarrati Mojarrad M, Bahmani F, Taghizadeh M, Ramezani M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Jafari P, Esmaillzadeh A, Asemi Z. Probiotic supplementation in diabetic hemodialysis patients has beneficial metabolic effects. Kidney Int 2017; 91:435-442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Kahouli I, Malhotra M, Westfall S, Alaoui-Jamali MA, Prakash S. Design and validation of an orally administrated active L. fermentum-L. acidophilus probiotic formulation using colorectal cancer Apc Min/+ mouse model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1999-2019. [PMID: 27837314 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been shown to have beneficial properties in attenuating the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, functional evidence to support such effects for some probiotic bacteria are relatively unknown. Here, we document a significant antioxidant, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 314 and Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 on CRC cells, particularly when used in combination (La-Lf). Furthermore, a superior synergistic activity on the inhibition of tumor growth and modulation of cell proliferation and epithelial markers in the Apc Min/+ CRC mouse model was explored, based on the expression levels of Ki-67, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) proteins. The anti-cancer activity of La-Lf co-culture was significantly enhanced in vitro with significant reduced proliferation (38.8 ± 6.9 %, P = 0.009) and increased apoptosis (413 RUL, P < 0.001) towards cancer cells, as well as significant protection of normal colon cell growth from toxic treatment (18.6 ± 9.8 %, P = 0.001). La-Lf formulation (1010cfu/animal/day) altered aspects of intestinal tumorigenesis by significantly reducing intestinal tumor multiplicity (1.7-fold, P = 0.016) and downregulating cellular proliferation markers, including β-catenin (P = 0.041) and Ki-67 (P = 0.008). In conclusion, La-Lf showed greater protection against intestinal tumorigenesis supporting a potential use as a biotherapeutic for the prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Kahouli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, CHU St. Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Susan Westfall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Gerald Bronfman Centre, McGill University, Room 210, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H2W 1S6, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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18
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Nersesyan A, Hoelzl C, Ferk F, Mišík M, Al-Serori H, Setayesh T, Knasmueller S. Use of Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis Assays in Dietary Intervention Trials. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622895-00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique has been frequently used to investigate the impact of consumption of complex foods and individual constituents on DNA stability in humans. Since no division or cultivation of the indicator cells (in most studies lymphocytes) is required, this approach is less costly and time consuming than cytogenetic methods. Apart from single- and double-stand breaks and apurinic sites, which can be detected under standard conditions, it is also possible to assess the formation of oxidized DNA bases and alterations of DNA repair as well as protection of the DNA against chemical carcinogens. In total, 93 studies have been published since the first use of the Comet assay in this field in 1997. The results which emerged from these studies show that human foods contain specific highly protective components (e.g. gallic acid, xanthohumol, isoflavones); promising results were also obtained with beverages (coffee and other drinks), while mixed diets with vegetables and fruits conferred no or moderate protection; however, individual plant foods (e.g. kiwis and specific cruciferous vegetables) were highly protective. It is notable that prevention of DNA damage was rarely detected under standard conditions while evidence for reduced formation of oxidized DNA bases was found in approximately 30% of the trials. In some investigations it was possible to identify the modes of action by which specific compounds prevented damage of the genetic material in additional mechanistic experiments. The currently available data show that SCGE assays are a valuable tool for identifying dietary factors which improve the stability of the genetic material and prevent adverse health effects which are causally related to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Hoelzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
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19
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Wang IJ, Wang JY. Children with atopic dermatitis show clinical improvement after Lactobacillus exposure. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:779-87. [PMID: 25600169 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of probiotics in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) is not clearly established. Further clinical trials with new probiotic formulations are warranted. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) and Lactobacillus fermentum (LF), and their mixture on the disease severity, quality of life, and immune biomarkers of children with AD. METHOD A double-blind, prospective, randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted on 220 children aged 1-18 years with moderate-to-severe AD (Trial number: NCT01635738). The children were randomized to receive LP, LF, LP + LF mixture, and placebo for 3 months. Changes in severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI), and Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) scores in the different groups and at different visits were evaluated. Skin prick tests, levels of IgE, IFN-γ, IL-4, TGF-β, and TNF-α, and urine biomarkers were also evaluated. RESULTS Children who received LP, LF, and LP + LF mixture showed lower SCORAD scores than the placebo group (P < 0.001), and this difference remained even at 4 months after discontinuing the probiotics. The FDLQI and CDLQI scores were lower in the LP, LF, and LP + LF mixture group than in the placebo group (P = 0.02 and 0.03). IgE, TNF-α, urine eosinophilic protein X, and 8-OHdG levels decreased, whereas IFN-γ and TGF-β increased in the probiotic groups, but these did not reach statistical significance except for IL-4 (P = 0.04). In subgroup analyses, SCORAD scores significantly decreased after probiotic treatment especially in children younger than age 12, with breastfeeding > 6 months, and with mite sensitization (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Supplementation of a probiotic mixture of LP and LF is associated with clinical improvement in children with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-J Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Ishizaka S, Matsuda A, Amagai Y, Oida K, Jang H, Ueda Y, Takai M, Tanaka A, Matsuda H. Oral administration of fermented probiotics improves the condition of feces in adult horses. J Equine Sci 2014; 25:65-72. [PMID: 25558179 PMCID: PMC4266753 DOI: 10.1294/jes.25.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of probiotics on horses are still controversial. The present study was a randomized, double-blinded,
placebo-controlled crossover study designed to evaluate the ability of probiotics to improve intestinal conditions in adult
horses. Fermented probiotics were administered to 10 healthy adult geldings for 28 days. The clinical condition of the horses was
monitored daily, and the blood and feces were biochemically analyzed every 14 days. In the probiotic-treated group, the
concentration of carboxylic acids in the feces was increased at days 14 and 28. In contrast to the fecal pH in the control group,
which increased at days 14 and 28, the fecal pH in the probiotic-treated group did not increase. Additionally, the relative
amounts of enteropathogenic bacterial DNA were diminished in the probiotic-treated group. These results suggest that probiotic
bacteria proliferated in the equine intestine. No instances of abnormal clinical conditions or abnormal values in blood tests were
observed throughout the study. Oral administration of fermented probiotics may have the ability to improve the intestinal
environment biochemically and microbiologically without the risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ishizaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kumiko Oida
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Miura Co., Ltd., Ehime 799-2696, Japan
| | | | - Akane Tanaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan ; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan ; Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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21
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van Zanten GC, Krych L, Röytiö H, Forssten S, Lahtinen SJ, Abu Al-Soud W, Sørensen S, Svensson B, Jespersen L, Jakobsen M. Synbiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and cellobiose does not affect human gut bacterial diversity but increases abundance of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and branched-chain fatty acids: a randomized, double-blinded cross-over trial. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:225-36. [PMID: 25098489 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and combinations thereof, that is synbiotics, have been reported to modulate gut microbiota of humans. In this study, effects of a novel synbiotic on the composition and metabolic activity of human gut microbiota were investigated. Healthy volunteers (n = 18) were enrolled in a double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled cross-over study and received synbiotic [Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (10(9) CFU) and cellobiose (5 g)] or placebo daily for 3 weeks. Fecal samples were collected and lactobacilli numbers were quantified by qPCR. Furthermore, 454 tag-encoded amplicon pyrosequencing was used to monitor the effect of synbiotic on the composition of the microbiota. The synbiotic increased levels of Lactobacillus spp. and relative abundances of the genera Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and Eubacterium while the genus Dialister was decreased (P < 0.05). No other effects were found on microbiota composition. Remarkably, however, the synbiotic increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, measured by gas chromatography, while short-chain fatty acids were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella C van Zanten
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Copenhagen, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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McFarland LV. Use of probiotics to correct dysbiosis of normal microbiota following disease or disruptive events: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005047. [PMID: 25157183 PMCID: PMC4156804 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the evidence for the claim probiotics can correct dysbiosis of the normal microbiota resulting from disease or disruptive events. SETTING Systematic review of published clinical trials of patients receiving a probiotic intervention for the prevention or treatment of various diseases. DATA SOURCES Sources searched (1985-2013): PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, AMED and ISI Web of Science. Three on-line clinical trial registries were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, MetaRegister of Controlled Trials and National Institutes of Health. REVIEW METHODS Included studies were randomised clinical trials of probiotic interventions having microbiological assays. Studies were evaluated following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for specific probiotic strains. A standard data extraction form was used to collect the raw data. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome is the degree of microbiota correction by specific probiotic strains. Secondary outcome was the association between the degree of dysbiosis correction and clinical efficacy. RESULTS The review of the literature found three distinct study designs: model A (restoration) assayed patients enrolled with a healthy, undisturbed microbiota and then assayed postdisruptive event and probiotic therapy; model B (alteration) assayed patients with pre-existing disrupted microbiota and then postprobiotic therapy; model C (no dysbiosis) assayed volunteers with no disruptive event prebiotic and postprobiotic. From a total of 63 trials, 83% of the probiotic products using model A restored the microbiota, 56% using model B improved the microbiota and only 21% using model C had any effect on microbiota. Clinical efficacy was more commonly associated with strains capable of restoration of the normal microbiota. CONCLUSIONS The ability to assess the degree of dysbiosis improvement is dependent on the enrolled population and the timing of microbiological assays. The functional claim for correcting dysbiosis is poorly supported for most probiotic strains and requires further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO (CRD42014007224).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne V McFarland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Wu WT, Yang LC, Chen HL. Effects of konjac glucomannan, inulin and cellulose on acute colonic responses to genotoxic azoxymethane. Food Chem 2014; 155:304-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Chong ESL. A potential role of probiotics in colorectal cancer prevention: review of possible mechanisms of action. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:351-74. [PMID: 24068536 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of investigations, mainly using in vitro and animal models, have demonstrated a wide range of possible mechanisms, by which probiotics may play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention. In this context, the most well studied probiotics are certain strains from the genera of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The reported anti-CRC mechanisms of probiotics encompass intraluminal, systemic, and direct effects on intestinal mucosa. Intraluminal effects detailed in this review include competitive exclusion of pathogenic intestinal flora, alteration of intestinal microflora enzyme activity, reduction of carcinogenic secondary bile acids, binding of carcinogens and mutagens, and increasing short chain fatty acids production. Reduction of DNA damage and suppression of aberrant crypt foci formation have been well demonstrated as direct anti-CRC effects of probiotics on intestinal mucosa. Existing evidence clearly support a multifaceted immunomodulatory role of probiotics in CRC, particularly its ability to modulate intestinal inflammation, a well known risk factor for CRC. The effectiveness of probiotics in CRC prevention is dependent on the strain of the microorganism, while viability may not be a prerequisite for certain probiotic anticancer mechanisms, as indicated by several studies. Emerging data suggest synbiotic as a more effective approach than either prebiotics or probiotics alone. More in vivo especially human studies are warranted to further elucidate and confirm the potential role of probiotics (viable and non-viable), prebiotics and synbiotics in CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Swee Lan Chong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, PO Box 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand,
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25
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Fechner A, Fenske K, Jahreis G. Effects of legume kernel fibres and citrus fibre on putative risk factors for colorectal cancer: a randomised, double-blind, crossover human intervention trial. Nutr J 2013; 12:101. [PMID: 24060277 PMCID: PMC3717035 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In some studies, high intake of dietary fibre has been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. The present study aimed to compare physiological effects of three legume kernel fibres and citrus fibre on blood lipids (primary outcome: LDL cholesterol) and colonic health. Methods Ninety-two subjects were recruited for the double-blind, controlled crossover trial. Seventy-eight participants were randomly divided into three groups. Following run-in, half the volunteers from each group consumed 25 g/d of a legume fibre, comprising blue lupin fibre, white lupin fibre, and soya fibre for two weeks. The other half received the same amount of citrus fibre (active comparator). The intervention was crossed within each group after two weeks wash-out. At the end of run-in and intervention, a quantitative faeces collection took place and fasting blood samples were drawn. Repeated measures ANOVA with the general linear model were applied to evaluate changes following interventions. Results Seventy-six subjects completed the study. Dietary fibre intake during all interventions was approximately twice the fibre intake at run-in. The lupin fibre supplementations increased daily faecal dry matter and faecal weight compared to run-in, representing an increase of 1.76 g faeces/g additional dietary fibre contributed by blue lupin and of 1.64 g faeces/g by white lupin, respectively. Both lupin interventions led to a significantly enhanced formation of short-chain fatty acids, and blue lupin fibre to a decrease in faecal pH compared to run-in (0.27 units, P < 0.01). Further, blue lupin increased primary bile acids-excretion (P = 0.02). All legume fibres reduced faecal concentrations of total and secondary bile acids (blue lupin: 16%; white lupin: 24%; soya: 16%). Blood lipids were not influenced by any intervention. No serious adverse effects were observed. Conclusions The tested fibre preparations do not affect lipid metabolism through bile acid-binding in normocholesterolaemic subjects. However, particularly blue lupin kernel fibre improve colonic function and have beneficial effects on putative risk factors for colorectal cancer such as faecal mass, transit time, SCFA, faecal pH, and secondary bile acid concentration. Therefore, enhancing dietary fibre intake through blue lupin up to about 50 g/d can be recommended. Trial registration NCT01036308
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fechner
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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26
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Adebola O, Corcoran O, Morgan WA. Protective effects of prebiotics inulin and lactulose from cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Kahouli I, Tomaro-Duchesneau C, Prakash S. Probiotics in colorectal cancer (CRC) with emphasis on mechanisms of action and current perspectives. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:1107-1123. [PMID: 23558140 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.048975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer. Diverse therapies such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation have shown beneficial effects, but are limited because of their safety and toxicity. Probiotic formulations have shown great promise in CRC as preventive and early stage therapeutics. This review highlights the importance of a balanced intestinal microbiota and summarizes the recent developments in probiotics for treating CRC. Specifically, this report describes evidence of the role of probiotics in modulating the microbiota, in improving the physico-chemical conditions of the gut and in reducing oxidative stress. It also discusses the mechanisms of probiotics in inhibiting tumour progression, in producing anticancer compounds and in modulating the host immune response. Even though some of these effects were observed in several clinical trials, when probiotic formulations were used as a supplement to CRC therapies, the application of probiotics as biotherapeutics against CRC still needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Kahouli
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Room 101, Lady Meredith House, 1110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Physiology, and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Catherine Tomaro-Duchesneau
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Physiology, and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Room 101, Lady Meredith House, 1110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Physiology, and Artificial Cells and Organs Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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28
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Waitzberg DL, Logullo LC, Bittencourt AF, Torrinhas RS, Shiroma GM, Paulino NP, Teixeira-da-Silva ML. Effect of synbiotic in constipated adult women - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of clinical response. Clin Nutr 2012; 32:27-33. [PMID: 22959620 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Synbiotic intake may selectively change microbiota composition, restore microbial balance in the gut and improve gastrointestinal functions. We have assessed the clinical response of chronically constipated women to a commercially available synbiotic, combining fructooligosaccharides with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains (LACTOFOS®). METHODS Following 1 week of non-interventional clinical observation, 100 constipated adult women, diagnosed by ROME III criteria, were randomized to receive two daily doses (6 g) of synbiotic or maltodextrin (placebo group), for 30 days. Treatment response was evaluated by patient's daily record of evacuation (stool frequency, consistency and shape, according to Bristol scale), abdominal symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating and flatulence) and constipation intensity (Constipation Scoring System AGACHAN). RESULTS Patients treated with synbiotic had increased frequency of evacuation, as well as stool consistency and shape nearer normal parameters than the placebo group, with significant benefits starting during the second and third weeks, respectively (interaction group/time, P<0.0001). There were no significant differences in abdominal symptoms, but AGACHAN score was better in the synbiotic than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with a synbiotic composed of fructooligosaccharides with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium improved evacuation parameters and constipation intensity of chronically constipated women, without influencing abdominal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L Waitzberg
- University of São Paulo Scholl of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Surgical Gastroenterology Discipline (LIM 35), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Stahl B, Barrangou R. Complete genome sequences of probiotic strains Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis B420 and Bi-07. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:4131-2. [PMID: 22815448 PMCID: PMC3416519 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00766-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the complete genomes of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis B420 and Bi-07. Comparative genomic analysis with the type strain DSMZ10140 revealed 40 to 55 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and an indel in a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) locus. These genetic differences provide a molecular basis for strain typing within the two main phylogenetic groups of this monomorphic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buffy Stahl
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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30
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Kim NY, Ji GE. Effects of probiotics on the prevention of atopic dermatitis. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2012; 55:193-201. [PMID: 22745643 PMCID: PMC3382699 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2012.55.6.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune disorder that is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the world. The exact etiology of AD remains unknown, and a cure for AD is not currently available. The hypothesis that appropriate early microbial stimulation contributes to the establishment of a balanced immune system in terms of T helper type Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cell (Treg) responses has led to the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of AD in light of various human clinical studies and animal experiments. Meta-analysis data suggests that probiotics can alleviate the symptoms of AD in infants. The effects of balancing Th1/Th2 immunity and enhancing Treg activity via the interaction of probiotics with dendritic cells have been described in vitro and in animal models, although such an effect has not been demonstrated in human studies. In this review, we present some highlights of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in humans and animal studies with regard to their effects on the prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Yeun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University College of Human Ecology, Seoul, Korea
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Metabolic diseases and pro- and prebiotics: Mechanistic insights. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012; 9:60. [PMID: 22713169 PMCID: PMC3464869 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are world-wide health problems. The prevalence of metabolic diseases is associated with dynamic changes in dietary macronutrient intake during the past decades. Based on national statistics and from a public health viewpoint, traditional approaches, such as diet and physical activity, have been unsuccessful in decreasing the prevalence of metabolic diseases. Since the approaches strongly rely on individual’s behavior and motivation, novel science-based strategies should be considered for prevention and therapy for the diseases. Metabolism and immune system are linked. Both overnutrition and infection result in inflammation through nutrient and pathogen sensing systems which recognize compounds with structural similarities. Dietary macronutrients (fats and sugars) can induce inflammation through activation of an innate immune receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Long-term intake of diets high in fats and meats appear to induce chronic systemic low-grade inflammation, endotoxicity, and metabolic diseases. Recent investigations support the idea of the involvement of intestinal bacteria in host metabolism and preventative and therapeutic potentials of probiotic and prebiotic interventions for metabolic diseases. Specific intestinal bacteria seem to serve as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sources through LPS and/or bacterial translocation into the circulation due to a vulnerable microbial barrier and increased intestinal permeability and to play a role in systemic inflammation and progression of metabolic diseases. This review focuses on mechanistic links between metabolic diseases (mainly obesity and type 2 diabetes), chronic systemic low-grade inflammation, intestinal environment, and nutrition and prospective views of probiotic and prebiotic interventions for the diseases.
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