1
|
Alhassan E, Nguyen K, Hochberg MC, Mitchell BD. Causal Factors for Osteoarthritis: A Scoping Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2024; 76:366-375. [PMID: 37846209 PMCID: PMC10922494 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mendelian randomization (MR) has increasingly been utilized as a tool for establishing causal relations between modifiable exposures and osteoarthritis (OA). The goal of this review was to summarize available MR studies of OA that evaluate the causal role of modifiable risk factors on OA. METHODS This review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews model. We performed a literature search for relevant studies published before December 2021 across multiple databases using the search terms "osteoarthritis" and ("Mendelian randomization" or "polygenic risk score"). We reported the MR estimates of causal associations between exposures and OA and then assessed methodologic quality of abstracted studies according to their efforts to validate the three key MR assumptions. RESULTS Our search identified 45 studies reporting on 141 exposure-association analyses. All studies performed a formal instrumental variable analysis to estimate the causal effect of exposure on OA. Causal associations (P < 0.05) were reported in 60 of these analyses representing 36 unique publications, and MR-Egger sensitivity analyses were performed in 45 of these analyses. MR studies provided support for causal associations of OA with increased levels of adiposity, coffee consumption, bone mineral density, and sleep disturbance, and decreased levels of serum calcium and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION These results highlight the potential benefits of weight reduction and improvement of sleep quality to reduce the risk of OA and call for a better understanding of the relations of coffee consumption and serum calcium to OA risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eaman Alhassan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marc C. Hochberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Medical Care Clinical Center, Veterans Administration Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zagkos L, Cronjé HT, Woolf B, de La Harpe R, Burgess S, Mantzoros CS, Elliott P, Yuan S, Larsson SC, Tzoulaki I, Gill D. Genetic investigation into the broad health implications of caffeine: evidence from phenome-wide, proteome-wide and metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization. BMC Med 2024; 22:81. [PMID: 38378567 PMCID: PMC10880284 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is one of the most utilized drugs in the world, yet its clinical effects are not fully understood. Circulating caffeine levels are influenced by the interplay between consumption behaviour and metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of circulating caffeine levels by considering genetically predicted variation in caffeine metabolism. METHODS Leveraging genetic variants related to caffeine metabolism that affect its circulating levels, we investigated the clinical effects of plasma caffeine in a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). We validated novel findings using a two-sample Mendelian randomization framework and explored the potential mechanisms underlying these effects in proteome-wide and metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization. RESULTS Higher levels of genetically predicted circulating caffeine among caffeine consumers were associated with a lower risk of obesity (odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation increase in caffeine = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) CI: 0.95-0.98, p = 2.47 × 10-4), osteoarthrosis (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.98, P=1.10 × 10-8) and osteoarthritis (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.98, P = 1.09 × 10-6). Approximately one third of the protective effect of plasma caffeine on osteoarthritis risk was estimated to be mediated through lower bodyweight. Proteomic and metabolomic perturbations indicated lower chronic inflammation, improved lipid profiles, and altered protein and glycogen metabolism as potential biological mechanisms underlying these effects. CONCLUSIONS We report novel evidence suggesting that long-term increases in circulating caffeine may reduce bodyweight and the risk of osteoarthrosis and osteoarthritis. We confirm prior genetic evidence of a protective effect of plasma caffeine on risk of overweight and obesity. Further clinical study is warranted to understand the translational relevance of these findings before clinical practice or lifestyle interventions related to caffeine consumption are introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Héléne T Cronjé
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Woolf
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roxane de La Harpe
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Division of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng MG, Liu F, Wang K, Liang Y, Nie JQ, Chai C. Genetic association between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of obstructive sleep apnea in the European population: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3423-3431. [PMID: 37668652 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between coffee/caffeine consumption and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk remains unclear. PURPOSE To determine the relationship between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of OSA, using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method in the European population. METHODS Two sets of coffee consumption-associated genetic variants were, respectively, extracted from the recent genome-wide meta-analysis (GWMA) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coffee consumption. Taking other caffeine sources into account, genetic variants associated with caffeine consumption from tea and plasma caffeine (reflecting total caffeine intake) were also obtained. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) technique was utilized as the primary analysis, supplemented by the MR-Egger, weighted-median, and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (PRESSO) techniques. Leave-one-out (LOO) analysis was performed to assess whether the overall casual estimates were driven by a single SNP. Additional sensitivity analyses were performed using similar methods, while the genetic variants associated with confounders, e.g., body mass index and hypertension, were excluded. RESULTS The IVW method demonstrated that coffee consumption GWMA (OR: 1.065, 95% CI 0.927-1.224, p = 0.376), coffee consumption GWAS (OR: 1.665, 95% CI 0.932-2.977, p = 0.086), caffeine from tea (OR: 1.198, 95% CI 0.936-1.534, p = 0.151), and blood caffeine levels (OR: 1.054, 95% CI 0.902-1.231, p = 0.508) were unlikely to be associated with the risk of OSA. The other three methods presented similar results, where no significant associations were found. No single genetic variant was driving the overall estimates by the LOO analysis. These findings were also supported by the sensitivity analyses with no confounding genetic variants. CONCLUSION Our study found no association between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of OSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gang Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Public Health, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Qi Nie
- Xiaogan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiaogan, 432000, Huebi, China
| | - Chen Chai
- Emergency Center, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Costa MSD, Pontes KSDS, Guedes MR, Barreto Silva MI, Klein MRST. Association of habitual coffee consumption with obesity, sarcopenia, bone mineral density and cardiovascular risk factors: A two-year follow-up study in kidney transplant recipients. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1889-1900. [PMID: 37625318 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent evidence suggests that moderate coffee intake is associated with multiple health benefits, including lower risk of obesity, sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. However, to date, no study has evaluated these associations in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of habitual coffee consumption with obesity, sarcopenia, bone mineral density and CVD risk factors in KTR. METHODS This prospective 2 years-follow-up study included 170 KTR (59% men) aged 49.5 (42.0-57.0) years. At baseline participants were submitted to the following evaluations: clinical, laboratorial, dietary intake (including coffee), muscle strength, anthropometric and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). After two years 163 KTR were re-evaluated by anthropometry, BIA and muscle strength. Sarcopenia was defined according to EWGSOP2. Risk factors for CVD were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and hyperhomcysteinemia. Participants were stratified according to coffee intake: 0 or 1 time/day (Gr0-1) and 2 or 3 times/day (Gr2-3). RESULTS The median coffee consumption was 200 (150-250)mL/day and 112 (71-155)mL/1000 kcal/day. At baseline, Gr2-3 vs. Gr0-1 exhibited significantly higher values of waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and presented a higher odds ratio for central obesity according to WHtR (2.68; 95%CI:1.19-6.02; p = 0.02) after adjustment for confounders. Coffee consumption (mL/1000 kcal/day) showed, even after adjustment for confounders, (1) a positive association with all parameters of body adiposity (anthropometry, BIA and DXA) and (2) a negative association with muscle quality index. After two years, coffee intake (mL/1000 kcal/day) at baseline presented a positive correlation with changes in fat mass (kg) by BIA (r = 0.22, p = 0.01) after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION This study suggests that in KTR, higher coffee consumption is associated with increased adiposity, specially, central adiposity and lower muscle quality, but is not related with the other evaluated parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva da Costa
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Karine Scanci da Silva Pontes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcella Rodrigues Guedes
- Post-Graduation Program in Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Barreto Silva
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition School, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cho HJ, Okekunle AP, Yie GE, Youn J, Kang M, Jin T, Sung J, Lee JE. Association of coffee consumption with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits: a Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:789-802. [PMID: 37529271 PMCID: PMC10375333 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.4.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Habitual coffee consumption was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia in observational studies, but the causality of the association remains uncertain. This study tested a causal association of genetically predicted coffee consumption with T2D using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. SUBJECTS/METHODS We used five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs) associated with habitual coffee consumption in a previous genome-wide association study among Koreans. We analyzed the associations between IVs and T2D, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h-postprandial glucose (2h-PG), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. The MR results were further evaluated by standard sensitivity tests for possible pleiotropism. RESULTS MR analysis revealed that increased genetically predicted coffee consumption was associated with a reduced prevalence of T2D; ORs per one-unit increment of log-transformed cup per day of coffee consumption ranged from 0.75 (0.62-0.90) for the weighted mode-based method to 0.79 (0.62-0.99) for Wald ratio estimator. We also used the inverse-variance-weighted method, weighted median-based method, MR-Egger method, and MR-PRESSO method. Similarly, genetically predicted coffee consumption was inversely associated with FBG and 2h-PG levels but not with HbA1c. Sensitivity measures gave similar results without evidence of pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS A genetic predisposition to habitual coffee consumption was inversely associated with T2D prevalence and lower levels of FBG and 2h-PG profiles. Our study warrants further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- K-BIO KIURI Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Yie
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Youn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Moonil Kang
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Complex Disease & Genome Epidemiology Branch, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Taiyue Jin
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Joohon Sung
- Complex Disease & Genome Epidemiology Branch, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou C, Zeng Y, Chen W, Han X, Yang H, Ying Z, Hu Y, Sun Y, Qu Y, Fang F, Song H. Medical conditions associated with coffee consumption: Disease-trajectory and comorbidity network analyses of a prospective cohort study in UK Biobank. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:730-740. [PMID: 35849013 PMCID: PMC9437992 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habitual coffee consumption has been associated with multiple health benefits. A comprehensive analysis of disease trajectory and comorbidity networks in relation to coffee consumption is, however, currently lacking. OBJECTIVES We aimed to comprehensively examine the health outcomes associated with habitual coffee consumption, through clarifying its disease trajectory and comorbidity networks. METHODS Based on the UK Biobank cohort, we included 395,539 individuals with available information on coffee intake collected at recruitment between 2006 and 2010. These individuals were categorized as having low (<1 cup per day), moderate (1-3 cups), and high (≥4 cups) levels of coffee intake, and were followed through 2020 to ascertain 496 medical conditions. Cox regression was used to assess the associations between high-level coffee intake and the risk of medical conditions with a prevalence ≥0.5% in the study population, after adjusting for multiple confounders, using low-level coffee intake as the reference. Disease-trajectory and comorbidity network analyses were then applied to visualize the temporal and nontemporal relationships between the medical conditions that had an inverse association with high-level coffee intake. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 31 medical conditions were found to be associated with high-level coffee intake, among which 30 showed an inverse association (HRs ranged from 0.61 to 0.94). The inverse associations were more pronounced for women, compared with men. Disease-trajectory and comorbidity network analyses of these 30 conditions identified 4 major clusters of medical conditions, mainly in the cardiometabolic and gastrointestinal systems, among both men and women; 1 cluster of medical conditions following alcohol-related disorders, primarily among men; as well as a cluster of estrogen-related conditions among women. CONCLUSIONS Habitual coffee consumption was associated with lower risks of many medical conditions, especially those in the cardiometabolic and gastrointestinal systems and those related to alcohol use and estrogen regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Hou
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Han
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huazhen Yang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiye Ying
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Hu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Markozannes G, Kanellopoulou A, Dimopoulou O, Kosmidis D, Zhang X, Wang L, Theodoratou E, Gill D, Burgess S, Tsilidis KK. Systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies on risk of cancer. BMC Med 2022; 20:41. [PMID: 35105367 PMCID: PMC8809022 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to map and describe the current state of Mendelian randomization (MR) literature on cancer risk and to identify associations supported by robust evidence. METHODS We searched PubMed and Scopus up to 06/10/2020 for MR studies investigating the association of any genetically predicted risk factor with cancer risk. We categorized the reported associations based on a priori designed levels of evidence supporting a causal association into four categories, namely robust, probable, suggestive, and insufficient, based on the significance and concordance of the main MR analysis results and at least one of the MR-Egger, weighed median, MRPRESSO, and multivariable MR analyses. Associations not presenting any of the aforementioned sensitivity analyses were not graded. RESULTS We included 190 publications reporting on 4667 MR analyses. Most analyses (3200; 68.6%) were not accompanied by any of the assessed sensitivity analyses. Of the 1467 evaluable analyses, 87 (5.9%) were supported by robust, 275 (18.7%) by probable, and 89 (6.1%) by suggestive evidence. The most prominent robust associations were observed for anthropometric indices with risk of breast, kidney, and endometrial cancers; circulating telomere length with risk of kidney, lung, osteosarcoma, skin, thyroid, and hematological cancers; sex steroid hormones and risk of breast and endometrial cancer; and lipids with risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large amount of research on genetically predicted risk factors for cancer risk, limited associations are supported by robust evidence for causality. Most associations did not present a MR sensitivity analysis and were thus non-evaluable. Future research should focus on more thorough assessment of sensitivity MR analyses and on more transparent reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. Mary's Campus, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Afroditi Kanellopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Kosmidis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. Mary's Campus, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. Mary's Campus, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen S, Chen T, Chen Y, Huang D, Pan Y, Chen S. Causal Association Between Tea Consumption and Bone Health: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:872451. [PMID: 35558741 PMCID: PMC9087269 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.872451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Much observational research reported that tea consumption decreases the risk of osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoporosis (OP) which are the three major bone disorders. However, the observed correlation is inconclusive. To determine the causal relationship between genetically predicted tea intake and OA, RA, and OP, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study based on large samples. Methods The European population's genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAS) dataset identified SNPs associated with tea consumption was obtained from Neale Lab's analysis of UK Biobank data that comprised 349,376 participants of European ancestry. We extracted genetic data for knee OA (17,885 controls and 4,462 cases), hip OA (50,898 controls and 12,625 cases), and RA (43,923 controls and 14,361 cases) from the UK Biobank and OP cases (93083 controls and 1,175 cases) from FinnGen Data Freeze 2. A MR study was conducted to examine the effect of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and OA, RA, and OP risk. Several sensitivity analyses were performed with weighted median and inverse-variance weighted methods for estimating the causal effects. Results In this MR study, the genetically predicted per one cup increase of tea consumption was not associated with knee OA (OR 1.11,95% CI: 0.79-1.55) using IVW with random effect. Genetic predisposition to tea consumption was not associated with hip OA (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.84-1.71), RA (OR: 1.24 95% CI: 0.81-1.91), and OP (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.39). Following the sensitivity analysis, there was no potential pleiotropy. Conclusion According to our study, According to our study, there was no statistical power to confirm a causal relationship between tea consumption and the risk of knee OA, hip OA, RA, and OP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianlai Chen
- The Third Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yibin Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dianhua Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuancheng Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shunyou Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Jia J, Huang T. Coffee Types and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Large-Scale Cross-Phenotype Association Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:818831. [PMID: 35222278 PMCID: PMC8873575 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.818831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether coffee intake is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from a genetic perspective, and whether this association remains the same among different types of coffee consumers. METHODS We utilized the summary-level results of 12 genome-wide association studies. First, we used linkage disequilibrium score regression and cross-phenotype association analysis to estimate the genetic correlation and identify shared genes between coffee intake and T2DM in addition to some other T2DM-related phenotypes. Second, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to test whether there is a significant genetically predicted causal association between coffee intake and the risk of T2DM or other T2DM-related phenotypes. For all the analyses above, we also conducted a separate analysis for different types of coffee consumers, in addition to total coffee intake. RESULTS Genetically, choice for ground coffee was significantly negatively associated with the risk of T2DM and some other related risks. While coffee intake and choice for decaffeinated/instant coffee had significant positive correlation with these risks. Between these genetically related phenotypes, there were 1571 genomic shared regions, of which 134 loci were novel. Enrichment analysis showed that these shared genes were significantly enriched in antigen processing related biological processes. MR analysis indicated that higher genetically proxied choice for ground coffee can reduce the risk of T2DM (T2DM: b: -0.2, p-value: 4.70×10-10; T2DM adjusted for body mass index (BMI): b: -0.11, p-value: 4.60×10-5), and BMI (b: -0.08, p-value: 6.50×10-5). CONCLUSIONS Compared with other types of coffee, ground coffee has a significant negative genetic and genetically predicated causal relationship with the risk of T2DM. And this association is likely to be mediated by immunity. The effect of different coffee types on T2DM is not equal, researchers on coffee should pay more attention to distinguishing between coffee types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan S, Bruzelius M, Damrauer SM, Larsson SC. Cardiometabolic, Lifestyle, and Nutritional Factors in Relation to Varicose Veins: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022286. [PMID: 34666504 PMCID: PMC8751841 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background We conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of cardiometabolic, lifestyle, and nutritional factors with varicose veins. Methods and Results Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with height (positive control), body mass index, type 2 diabetes, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption, 7 circulating vitamins (A, B6, B9, B12, C, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and E), and 5 circulating minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, and zinc) at the genome-wide significance level were used as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for the genetic associations with varicose veins were obtained from the UK Biobank (8763 cases and 352 431 noncases) and the FinnGen consortium (13 928 cases and 153 951 noncases). Genetically predicted higher height, body mass index, smoking, and circulating iron levels were associated with an increased risk of varicose veins. The odds ratios (ORs) per 1-SD increase in the exposure were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.25-1.43) for height, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.27-1.52) for body mass index, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04-1.22) for the prevalence of smoking initiation, and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.16-1.33) for iron. Higher genetically predicted systolic blood pressure and circulating calcium and zinc levels were associated with a reduced risk of varicose veins, whereas the association for systolic blood pressure did not persist after adjustment for genetically predicted height. The OR was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.62-0.92) per 1-SD increase in calcium levels and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95-0.98) for zinc. Conclusions This study identified several modifiable risk factors for varicose veins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria Bruzelius
- Coagulation Unit Department of Hematology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center Philadelphia PA.,Department of Surgery University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden.,Unit of Medical Epidemiology Department of Surgical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nordestgaard AT. Causal relationship from coffee consumption to diseases and mortality: a review of observational and Mendelian randomization studies including cardiometabolic diseases, cancer, gallstones and other diseases. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:573-587. [PMID: 34319429 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of mortality and morbidity, but the causality remains unclear. This review aims to discuss findings from observational studies on coffee consumption in context of Mendelian randomization studies. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for all Mendelian randomization studies on coffee consumption and corresponding observational studies. RESULTS High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in observational studies (HRs of 0.85-0.90 vs. no/low consumers), with no support of causality in Mendelian randomization studies. Moderate/high consumption is associated with low risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including ischemic heart disease (HRs of 0.85-0.90 vs. no/low consumption), stroke (HRs of approximately 0.80 vs. no/low consumption), type 2 diabetes (HRs of approximately 0.70 vs. no/low consumption) and obesity in observational studies, but not in Mendelian randomization studies. High consumption is associated with low risk of endometrial cancer and melanoma and high risk of lung cancer in observational studies, but with high risk of colorectal cancer in Mendelian randomization studies. In observational and Mendelian randomization studies, high coffee consumption is associated with low risk of gallstones (HRs of 0.55-0.70 for high vs. no/low self-reported and 0.81 (0.69-0.96) for highest vs. lowest genetic consumption). CONCLUSION High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of mortality, cardiometabolic diseases, some cancers and gallstones in observational studies, with no evidence to support causality from Mendelian randomization studies for most diseases except gallstones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ask T Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Si S, Li J, Tewara MA, Xue F. Genetically Determined Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Hundreds of Health Outcomes in the UK Biobank and the FinnGen Population: A Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720876. [PMID: 34386016 PMCID: PMC8353321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) has been used as a biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation in observational studies. We aimed to determine whether genetically determined CRP was associated with hundreds of human phenotypes to guide anti-inflammatory interventions. Methods We used individual data from the UK Biobank to perform a phenome-wide two-stage least squares (2SLS) Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for CRP with 879 diseases. Summary-level data from the FinnGen consortium were utilized to perform phenome-wide two-sample MR analysis on 821 phenotypes. Systematic two-sample MR methods included MR-IVW, MR-WME, MR-Mod, and MR-PRESSO as sensitivity analyses combined with multivariable MR to identify robust associations. Genetic correlation analysis was applied to identify shared genetic risks. Results We found genetically determined CRP was robustly associated with 15 diseases in the UK Biobank and 11 diseases in the FinnGen population (P < 0.05 for all MR analyses). CRP was positively associated with tongue cancer, bronchitis, hydronephrosis, and acute pancreatitis and negatively associated with colorectal cancer, colon cancer, cerebral ischemia, electrolyte imbalance, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, anemia of chronic disease, encephalitis, psychophysical visual disturbances, and aseptic necrosis of bone in the UK Biobank. There were positive associations with impetigo, vascular dementia, bipolar disorders, hypercholesterolemia, vertigo, and neurological diseases, and negative correlations with degenerative macular diseases, metatarsalgia, interstitial lung disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and others. in the FinnGen population. The electrolyte imbalance and anemia of chronic disease in UK Biobank and hypercholesterolemia and neurological diseases in FinnGen pass the FDR corrections. Neurological diseases and bipolar disorders also presented positive genetic correlations with CRP. We found no overlapping causal associations between the populations. Previous causal evidence also failed to support these associations (except for bipolar disorders). Conclusions Genetically determined CRP was robustly associated with several diseases in the UK Biobank and the FinnGen population, but could not be replicated, suggesting heterogeneous and non-repeatable effects of CRP across populations. This implies that interventions at CRP are unlikely to result in decreased risk for most human diseases in the general population but may benefit specific high-risk populations. The limited causal evidence and potential double-sided effects remind us to be cautious about CRP interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Si
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiqing Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Marlvin Anemey Tewara
- Center for Health Promotion and Research (Former Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory), Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Institute of Health Data Science of China, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Coffee Consumption and Prostate Cancer Risk: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010 and Mendelian Randomization Analyses. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072317. [PMID: 34371827 PMCID: PMC8308488 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the association between coffee and prostate cancer. Firstly, we conducted an observational study using data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2010. Coffee intake was derived from 24 h dietary recalls. Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association. Then, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the possible causal effect of coffee on prostate cancer risk. Primary and secondary genetic instruments were obtained from genome-wide association studies among 375,833 and 91,462 individuals separately. Prostate cancer summary statistics were extracted from Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) (79,194 cases and 61,112 controls) and FinnGen project (4754 cases and 63,465 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary analytical method. Through selection, we enrolled 8336 individuals (weighted number = 58,796,070) for our observational study in NHANES. Results suggested that there was no association between coffee and prostate cancer. MR analyses with primary genetic instruments also did not support a causal association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk, whether using summary data from PRACTICAL (IVW: OR 1.001, 95% CI 0.997–1.005) or FinnGen (IVW: OR 1.005, 95% CI 0.998–1.012). Similar results were observed when using secondary genetic instruments. Therefore, our study did not support a causal association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to examine if an association exists by different coffee bean types, roasting procedures, and brewing methods.
Collapse
|
14
|
Coffee Consumption and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072218. [PMID: 34203356 PMCID: PMC8308456 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee consumption has been linked to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in observational studies, but whether the associations are causal is not known. We conducted a Mendelian randomization investigation to assess the potential causal role of coffee consumption in cardiovascular disease. Twelve independent genetic variants were used to proxy coffee consumption. Summary-level data for the relations between the 12 genetic variants and cardiovascular diseases were taken from the UK Biobank with up to 35,979 cases and the FinnGen consortium with up to 17,325 cases. Genetic predisposition to higher coffee consumption was not associated with any of the 15 studied cardiovascular outcomes in univariable MR analysis. The odds ratio per 50% increase in genetically predicted coffee consumption ranged from 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63, 1.50) for intracerebral hemorrhage to 1.26 (95% CI, 1.00, 1.58) for deep vein thrombosis in the UK Biobank and from 0.86 (95% CI, 0.50, 1.49) for subarachnoid hemorrhage to 1.34 (95% CI, 0.81, 2.22) for intracerebral hemorrhage in FinnGen. The null findings remained in multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses adjusted for genetically predicted body mass index and smoking initiation, except for a suggestive positive association for intracerebral hemorrhage (odds ratio 1.91; 95% CI, 1.03, 3.54) in FinnGen. This Mendelian randomization study showed limited evidence that coffee consumption affects the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, suggesting that previous observational studies may have been confounded.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gibbon JR, Frith J. The effects of caffeine in adults with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a systematic review. Clin Auton Res 2021; 31:499-509. [PMID: 34143333 PMCID: PMC8212790 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-021-00814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To systematically review the evidence base for the effectiveness and safety of caffeine for the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in adults. Methods Eight electronic databases were searched in January 2021. Original research studies or case reports involving adults with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension were included if caffeine was an intervention and outcomes included symptoms, blood pressure or adverse effects. Relevant studies were screened and underwent qualitative analysis. Insufficient reporting precluded meta-analysis. Results Five studies were identified: four crossover studies and one case report summation. Study size ranged from 5 to 16 participants. Participants had neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, with a mean standing systolic blood pressure of 86 mmHg. Two studies evaluated caffeine alone. Three studies administered caffeine in combination with ergotamine. Caffeine dose ranged from 100 to 300 mg. Nature and timing of outcomes measured varied between studies, with measurements being recorded from 30 to 480 min after intervention. Caffeine/ergotamine improved symptoms in one study and reduced orthostatic blood pressure drop in two studies. Caffeine/ergotamine increased seated blood pressure in three studies, whilst the results for caffeine alone were inconsistent. No serious adverse events were reported. All studies demonstrated high risk of bias. Conclusion Caffeine should only be considered as a treatment for adults with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension when evidence-based treatments have been exhausted. Systematic review registration PROSPERO ID: CRD42020124589. Date of registration: 30/10/2020 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10286-021-00814-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Ryan Gibbon
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - James Frith
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kolb H, Martin S, Kempf K. Coffee and Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Arguments for a Causal Relationship. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041144. [PMID: 33807132 PMCID: PMC8066601 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective epidemiological studies concur in an association between habitual coffee consumption and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Several aspects of these studies support a cause–effect relationship. There is a dependency on daily coffee dose. Study outcomes are similar in different regions of the world, show no differences between sexes, between obese versus lean, young versus old, smokers versus nonsmokers, regardless of the number of confounders adjusted for. Randomized controlled intervention trials did not find a consistent impact of drinking coffee on acute metabolic control, except for effects of caffeine. Therefore, lowering of diabetes risk by coffee consumption does not involve an acute effect on the post-meal course of blood glucose, insulin or insulin resistance. Several studies in animals and humans find that the ingestion of coffee phytochemicals induces an adaptive cellular response characterized by upregulation and de novo synthesis of enzymes involved in cell defense and repair. A key regulator is the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in association with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AMP-activated kinase and sirtuins. One major site of coffee actions appears to be the liver, causing improved fat oxidation and lower risk of steatosis. Another major effect of coffee intake is preservation of functional beta cell mass via enhanced mitochondrial function, lower endoplasmic reticulum stress and prevention or clearance of aggregates of misfolded proinsulin or amylin. Long-term preservation of proper liver and beta cell function may account for the association of habitual coffee drinking with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, rather than acute improvement of metabolic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.M.)
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Duesseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Hohensandweg 37, 40591 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-566036016
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rashidinejad A, Tarhan O, Rezaei A, Capanoglu E, Boostani S, Khoshnoudi-Nia S, Samborska K, Garavand F, Shaddel R, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Jafari SM. Addition of milk to coffee beverages; the effect on functional, nutritional, and sensorial properties. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6132-6152. [PMID: 33703975 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1897516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, there exists a debate on the effect of milk added to coffee infusions/beverages concerning the nutritional quality of coffee and the functional properties of its phenolic compounds. Yet, the full nutritional quality and functional properties of a coffee beverage without a significant negative impact on its sensorial profile are highly desired by the consumers. Negative/masking, positive, and neutral effects of milk on the antioxidant activity and bioavailability of coffee phenolics (particularly, chlorogenic acids) have been reported. Some potential factors including the type and amount of milk added, type of coffee beverage, the composition of both milk (protein and fat) and coffee (phenolic compounds), preparation method, assays used to measure antioxidant properties, and sampling size may account for the various reported findings. Interactions between phenolic compounds in coffee and milk proteins could account as the main responsible aspect for the reported masking/negative impact of milk on the antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility/bioavailability of coffee bioactives. However, considering the interactions between milk components and coffee phenolics, which result in the loss of their functionality, the role of milk fat globules and the milk fat globule membrane can also be crucial, but this has not been addressed in the literature so far.HighlightsIn most cases, milk is added to the coffee beverages in several various ways.Effect of milk on the nutritional/functional properties of coffee is controversial.Enough evidence suggests negative effects of milk addition on properties of coffee.Interactions of coffee phenolics and milk proteins could account as the main aspect.The role of milk fat globules and milk fat globule membrane may also be crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rashidinejad
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - O Tarhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - A Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - E Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Boostani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Khoshnoudi-Nia
- Seafood Processing Research Group, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - K Samborska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry & Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - R Shaddel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - S Akbari-Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - S M Jafari
- Department of Food Materials & Process Design Engendering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gkouskou K, Lazou E, Skoufas E, Eliopoulos AG. Genetically Guided Mediterranean Diet for the Personalized Nutritional Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020355. [PMID: 33503923 PMCID: PMC7912380 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current consensus for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is that high-quality diets and adherence to a healthy lifestyle provide significant health benefits. Remarkably, however, there is little agreement on the proportions of macronutrients in the diet that should be recommended to people suffering from pre-diabetes or T2DM. We herein discuss emerging evidence that underscores the importance of gene-diet interactions in the improvement of glycemic biomarkers in T2DM. We propose that we can achieve better glycemic control in T2DM patients by coupling Mediterranean diets to genetic information as a predictor for optimal diet macronutrient composition in a personalized manner. We provide evidence to support this concept by presenting a case study of a T2DM patient who achieved rapid glycemic control when adhered to a personalized, genetically-guided Mediterranean Diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Gkouskou
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
- Embiodiagnostics Biology Research Company, 71305 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.G.E.); Tel.: +30-2107462356 (A.G.E.)
| | - Evgenia Lazou
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Efstathios Skoufas
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.G.E.); Tel.: +30-2107462356 (A.G.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Fan J, Chen L, Xiong Y, Wu T, Shen S, Wang X, Meng X, Lu Y, Lei X. Causal Association of Coffee Consumption and Total, Knee, Hip and Self-Reported Osteoarthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:768529. [PMID: 34858340 PMCID: PMC8631393 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.768529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal association between coffee consumption and the risk of OA is limited. This study was conducted to identify the potential causal effects of coffee consumption on total, knee, hip, and self-reported OA. METHODS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of OA were derived from the UK Biobank, comprising 50,508 participants of European ancestry (10,083 with cases and 40,425 controls), and genetic data for specific diagnosed knee OA (4462 cases and 17,885 controls), hip OA (12,625 cases and 50,898 controls), and self-reported OA (12,658 cases and 50,898 controls). Primary and secondary genetic instruments (11 SNPs and 8 SNPs) were selected as instrumental variants from GWAS among 375,833 and 91,462 participants. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to test the effects of the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the OA risk. The causal effects were primarily estimated using weighted median and inverse-variance weighted method with several sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The MR analyses suggested that genetically predicted 1% increase of coffee consumption was associated with an increased risk of overall OA (OR:1.009, 95% CI:1.003-1.016), knee OA (OR:1.023, 95% CI:1.009-1.038), self-reported OA (OR:1.007, 95% CI:1.003-1.011), but not hip OA (OR: 1.012, 95%CI:0.999-1.024) using primary genetic instruments. Similar results were found when using secondary genetic instruments that genetically predicted coffee consumption (cups/day). Additionally, the sensitivity analyses for leave-one-out methods supported a robust association between exposure traits and OA. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that genetically predicted coffee consumption exerts a causal effect on total, knee, and self-reported OA risk, but not at the hip. Further research is required to unravel the role of coffee consumption in OA prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangchang Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Financial Department Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Public Health & Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- The West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shisi Shen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuchen Meng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xun Lei
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xun Lei,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ko YL. Genetics of hyperuricemia and gout: Insights from recent genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization studies. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:261-269. [PMID: 35912057 PMCID: PMC9333104 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_117_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis in adults. Elevation serum uric acid (SUA) concentration is known to be the key to gout pathogenesis. Since the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SUA was performed in 2007, the number of gene loci known to be associated with hyperuricemia and gout has grown rapidly. GWASs and Mendelian randomization studies have also reported numerous novel results regarding the genetics of hyperuricemia and gout since 2018. We concisely review recent advances in scholarship on the effects of genetics on hyperuricemia and gout risk. We also review data from genetic association studies in Taiwan and perform GWASs of SUA levels among Taiwan Biobank participants.
Collapse
|
21
|
Habitual coffee intake and risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1761-1767. [PMID: 32856188 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological studies support a protective role of habitual coffee and caffeine consumption against the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between coffee intake and the risk of NAFLD. METHODS We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using SNPs associated with habitual coffee intake in a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) as genetic instruments and summary-level data from a published GWAS of NAFLD (1122 cases and 399,900 healthy controls) in the UK Biobank. The causal relationship was estimated with the inverse weighted method using a 4-SNP and 6-SNP instrument based on the single largest non-UK Biobank GWAS (n = 91,462) and meta-analysis (n = 121,524) of GWAS data on habitual coffee intake, respectively. To maximize power, we also used up to 77 SNPs associated with coffee intake at a liberal significance level (p ≤ 1e-4) as instruments. RESULTS We observed a non-significant trend towards a causal protective effect of coffee intake on NAFLD based upon either the 4-SNP (OR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.51, 1.14, p = 0.19) or 6-SNP genetic instruments (OR: 0.77; 95% CI 0.48, 1.25, p = 0.29). The result also remains non-significant when using the more liberal 77-SNP instrument. CONCLUSION Our findings do not support a causal relationship between coffee intake and NAFLD risk. However, despite the largest-to-date sample size, the power of this study may be limited by the non-specificity and moderate effect size of the genetic alleles on coffee intake.
Collapse
|