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Shin HR, Song S. Association between nut consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1400212. [PMID: 38846545 PMCID: PMC11153677 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1400212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemiological evidence regarding nut consumption and metabolic diseases focuses on Western populations. Nut consumption among Koreans is relatively low, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rapidly increasing, highlighting the need for more focused studies in this population. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between nut consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Methods A total of 112,501 adults (39,481 men and 73,020 women) aged 40-79 years were selected from baseline data of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees. Nut consumption was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and categorized as non-consumers, <1 serving/week, ≥1 to <2 servings/week, or ≥2 servings/week (15 g per serving). Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined according to the Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome criteria. Associations between nut consumption and metabolic syndrome and its components were examined using multiple logistic regression with adjustments for potential confounders. Results In the study population, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 21.4% (26.9% in men and 18.4% in women), and the mean nut intake was 0.8 serving/week (0.7 serving/week in men and 0.8 serving/week in women). After adjusting for confounders, higher nut consumption was associated with a lower odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome in individuals consuming ≥2 servings/week compared with non-consumers [OR = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.80-0.91, p for trend <0.001]. Specifically, in men, this level of consumption was associated with a 14% reduction in the OR of metabolic syndrome (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77-0.95, p for trend = 0.028). In women, a similar reduction of 14% was observed (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.80-0.93, p for trend <0.001). Among the metabolic syndrome components, nut consumption was inversely associated with abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides in men and women, whereas no associations were observed for elevated blood pressure or elevated fasting blood glucose. Conclusion Our findings suggest that higher nut consumption is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean adults. Further studies are needed to examine the longitudinal association between nut consumption and metabolic diseases in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - SuJin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kim HA, Shin HR, Song S. Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression are associated with lipid disorders among Korean adults: a cross-sectional analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:25. [PMID: 38263170 PMCID: PMC10804798 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid disorders are a potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the intake of dietary fatty acids has been closely related to blood lipid levels. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between dietary patterns related to fatty acid intake and lipid disorders in Korean adults. METHODS From the 2013-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data, 8399 men and 11404 women (aged ≥ 19 years) were selected. Reduced rank regression was employed to identify dietary patterns from 26 food groups, aiming to explain the maximum variation in the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 fatty acids, and the PUFA/SFA ratio. Associations of quintiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores with lipid disorders were examined using multiple logistic regression stratified by sex. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were identified: dietary pattern 1 showed positive factor loadings for vegetable oils, seasonings, legumes, nuts, and fish; dietary pattern 2 was high in consumption of red meat, bread and snacks, and milk and dairy products; and dietary pattern 3 was rich in fish and milk and dairy products. In men, dietary pattern 3 was inversely associated with elevated triglycerides (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69-0.97, P-trend = 0.008). In women, dietary pattern 2 was positively associated with elevated total cholesterol (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12-1.52, P-trend < 0.001) but inversely associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59-0.83, P-trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, dietary patterns explaining the intake of various types of fatty acids were differentially associated with lipid disorders in Korean adults. Dietary pattern characterized by higher intakes of red meat, bread and snacks and milk and dairy products were positively associated with elevated total cholesterol, whereas dietary pattern rich in fish consumption showed an inverse association with elevated triglycerides. These findings could be instrumental in developing dietary guidelines and strategies for preventing and managing lipid disorders in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Qiu J, Dong F, Zhuge H, Han Q, Li J, Guo R, Dou X, Li J, Li S. Preventive effect of low-carbohydrate high-fat dietary pattern on liver disease caused by alcohol consumption via a 6pgd-involved mechanism in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:732-746. [PMID: 38117162 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) dietary pattern has been reported to improve chronic metabolic diseases. However, whether and how the LCHF diet affects the pathological progression in patients with alcohol-related liver diseases (ALD) is largely unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the LCHF diet on ALD and clarify its potential mechanism(s). The ALD model was established by feeding C57BL/6N mice with a Lieber-DeCarli liquid alcohol diet with a modified carbohydrate/fat ratio under an isoenergetic pattern. After an eight-week intervention, we observed that the LCHF diet significantly reduced alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury, along with improved lipid metabolic-related gene disorders and redox imbalance. The alcohol-stimulated increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine cytokines expression, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, was markedly reversed by the LCHF diet. Liver transcriptome sequencing and qPCR validation showed that twenty-four alcohol-disturbed genes were significantly reversed by LCHF-diet intervention. The top differentially expressed genes were selected for further investigation. Among them, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) was significantly up-regulated by alcohol treatment in both the liver and cultured hepatocytes. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that 6PGD was positively associated with hepatic steatosis, liver injury, and oxidative stress indexes. In vitro, the 6PGD knockdown ameliorated alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity and intracellular lipid accumulation, as well as lipid metabolic-related gene disorders, implying the involvement of 6PGD in LCHF-protected ALD. In conclusion, LCHF diet intervention alleviated chronic alcohol consumption-induced liver dysfunction in mice. 6PGD is a potential novel target for ALD prevention that contributes to LCHF-improved ALD. A LCHF diet might be a promising choice for ALD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China
| | - Fan Dong
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Hui Zhuge
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China
| | - Qiang Han
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Jiaomei Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China
| | - Jiayu Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
| | - Songtao Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR. China
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Khemka S, Reddy A, Garcia RI, Jacobs M, Reddy RP, Roghani AK, Pattoor V, Basu T, Sehar U, Reddy PH. Role of diet and exercise in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102091. [PMID: 37832608 PMCID: PMC10842571 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. Genetic mutations cause a small proportion (1-2%) of early-onset AD, with mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2). Major contributing factors of late-onset AD are ApoE4 genotype, traumatic brain injury, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions, in addition to lifestyle factors, such as unhealthy diet and lack of physical exercise. Disease progression can be delayed and/or prevented to a greater extent by adopting healthy lifestyle with balanced and antioxidant enriched diet and daily exercise. The interaction and interplay of diet, exercise, age, and pharmacological interventions holds a crucial role in the progression, pathogenesis and management of AD and its comorbidities, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular conditions. Antioxidant enriched diet contributes to brain health, glucose control, weight management, and cardiovascular well-being. Regular exercise removes toxins including free radicals and enhances insulin sensitivity, and supports cardiovascular function. In the current article, we discussed, the role of diet, and exercise in aging, AD and other conditions including diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular conditions. This article also highlights the impact of medication, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and pharmacological interventions. These aspects were discussed in different races and ethnic groups in Texas, and the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Khemka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Aananya Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Ricardo Isaiah Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Micheal Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ruhananhad P Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Lubbock High School, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA
| | - Aryan Kia Roghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Frenship High School, Lubbock, TX 79382, USA
| | - Vasanthkumar Pattoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Tanisha Basu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department pf Speech, Language and Hearing Services, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Healthy Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Cooper ID, Kyriakidou Y, Edwards K, Petagine L, Seyfried TN, Duraj T, Soto-Mota A, Scarborough A, Jacome SL, Brookler K, Borgognoni V, Novaes V, Al-Faour R, Elliott BT. Ketosis Suppression and Ageing (KetoSAge): The Effects of Suppressing Ketosis in Long Term Keto-Adapted Non-Athletic Females. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15621. [PMID: 37958602 PMCID: PMC10650498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies on ketosis have focused on short-term effects, male athletes, or weight loss. Hereby, we studied the effects of short-term ketosis suppression in healthy women on long-standing ketosis. Ten lean (BMI 20.5 ± 1.4), metabolically healthy, pre-menopausal women (age 32.3 ± 8.9) maintaining nutritional ketosis (NK) for > 1 year (3.9 years ± 2.3) underwent three 21-day phases: nutritional ketosis (NK; P1), suppressed ketosis (SuK; P2), and returned to NK (P3). Adherence to each phase was confirmed with daily capillary D-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) tests (P1 = 1.9 ± 0.7; P2 = 0.1 ± 0.1; and P3 = 1.9 ± 0.6 pmol/L). Ageing biomarkers and anthropometrics were evaluated at the end of each phase. Ketosis suppression significantly increased: insulin, 1.78-fold from 33.60 (± 8.63) to 59.80 (± 14.69) pmol/L (p = 0.0002); IGF1, 1.83-fold from 149.30 (± 32.96) to 273.40 (± 85.66) µg/L (p = 0.0045); glucose, 1.17-fold from 78.6 (± 9.5) to 92.2 (± 10.6) mg/dL (p = 0.0088); respiratory quotient (RQ), 1.09-fold 0.66 (± 0.05) to 0.72 (± 0.06; p = 0.0427); and PAI-1, 13.34 (± 6.85) to 16.69 (± 6.26) ng/mL (p = 0.0428). VEGF, EGF, and monocyte chemotactic protein also significantly increased, indicating a pro-inflammatory shift. Sustained ketosis showed no adverse health effects, and may mitigate hyperinsulinemia without impairing metabolic flexibility in metabolically healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella D. Cooper
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Yvoni Kyriakidou
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Kurtis Edwards
- Cancer Biomarkers and Mechanisms Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Lucy Petagine
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Thomas N. Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; (T.N.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Tomas Duraj
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; (T.N.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Adrian Soto-Mota
- Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
| | - Andrew Scarborough
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Sandra L. Jacome
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Kenneth Brookler
- Retired former Research Collaborator, Aerospace Medicine and Vestibular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Valentina Borgognoni
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Vanusa Novaes
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Rima Al-Faour
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
| | - Bradley T. Elliott
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (A.S.); (S.L.J.); (V.B.); (V.N.); (R.A.-F.); (B.T.E.)
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