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Mitsuwan W, Intongead S, Saengsawang P, Romyasamit C, Narinthorn R, Nissapatorn V, Pereira MDL, Paul AK, Wongtawan T, Boripun R. Occurrence of multidrug resistance associated with extended-spectrum β‑lactamase and the biofilm forming ability of Escherichia coli in environmental swine husbandry. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 103:102093. [PMID: 37976973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and biofilm formation are mechanisms employed by Escherichia coli to resist beta-lactam antibiotics. Thus, we aimed to examine antibiotic resistance associated with ESBL production and biofilm formation in E. coli isolates from swine farms in Southern Thailand. In total, 159 E. coli isolates were obtained, with 44 isolates identified as ESBL producers, originating from feces (18.87 %) and wastewater (8.80 %) samples. All ESBL-producing strains exhibited resistance to ampicillin (100 %), followed by the cephalosporin group (97.73 %) and tetracycline (84.09 %). Multidrug resistance was observed in 17 isolates (38.63 %). Among the isolates from feces samples, the blaGES gene was the most prevalent, detected in 90 % of the samples, followed by blaCTX-M9 (86.67 %) and blaCTX-M1 (66.67 %), respectively. In the bacteria isolated from wastewater, both blaGES and blaCTX-M9 genes were the predominant resistance genes, detected in 100 % of the isolates, followed by blaCTX-M1 (64.29 %) and blaTEM (50 %), respectively. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 11 isolates (36.67 %) from feces and 4 isolates (25.57 %) from wastewater samples. Notably, nearly 100 % of ESBL-producing strains isolated from feces tested positive for both pgaA and pgaC genes, which play a role in intracellular adhesion and biofilm production. These findings contribute to the understanding and potential control of ESBL-producing E. coli, and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related genes in swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bio-active compound, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Sutsiree Intongead
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Phirabhat Saengsawang
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Romyasamit
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Ruethai Narinthorn
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team), World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alok K Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Ratchadaporn Boripun
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
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O’Neill L, Manzanilla EG, Ekhlas D, Leonard FC. Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal Escherichia coli of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1616. [PMID: 37998818 PMCID: PMC10669415 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli of animal origin presents a threat to human health. Although animals are not the primary source of human infections, humans may be exposed to AMR E. coli of animal origin and their AMR genes through the food chain, direct contact with animals, and via the environment. For this reason, AMR in E. coli from food producing animals is included in most national and international AMR monitoring programmes and is the subject of a large body of research. As pig farming is one of the largest livestock sectors and the one with the highest antimicrobial use, there is considerable interest in the epidemiology of AMR in E. coli of porcine origin. This literature review presents an overview and appraisal of current knowledge of AMR in commensal E. coli of the porcine gastrointestinal tract with a focus on its evolution during the pig lifecycle and the relationship with antimicrobial use. It also presents an overview of the epidemiology of resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and colistin in pig production. The review highlights the widespread nature of AMR in the porcine commensal E. coli population, especially to the most-used classes in pig farming and discusses the complex interplay between age and antimicrobial use during the pig lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcan O’Neill
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland; (E.G.M.); (D.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
| | - Edgar García Manzanilla
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland; (E.G.M.); (D.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
| | - Daniel Ekhlas
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland; (E.G.M.); (D.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15 DY05, Ireland
| | - Finola C. Leonard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
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3
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Mannathoko N, Lautenbach E, Mosepele M, Otukile D, Sewawa K, Glaser L, Cressman L, Cowden L, Alby K, Jaskowiak-Barr A, Gross R, Mokomane M, Paganotti GM, Styczynski A, Smith RM, Snitkin E, Wan T, Bilker WB, Richard-Greenblatt M. Performance of CHROMagar ESBL media for the surveillance of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) from rectal swabs in Botswana. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72:001770. [PMID: 37991431 PMCID: PMC11145880 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Lack of laboratory capacity hampers consistent national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. Chromogenic media may provide a practical screening tool for detection of individuals colonized by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms.Hypothesis. CHROMagar ESBL media represent an adequate screening method for the detection of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE), isolated from rectal swabs.Aim. To evaluate the performance of CHROMagar ESBL media to accurately identify ESCrE isolates from rectal swab samples attained from hospitalized and community participants.Methodology. All participants provided informed consent prior to enrolment. Rectal swabs from 2469 hospital and community participants were inoculated onto CHROMagar ESBL. The performance of CHROMagar ESBL to differentiate Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp. (KEC spp.) as well as select for extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance were compared to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS) and VITEK-2 automated susceptibility testing.Results. CHROMagar ESBL had a positive and negative agreement of 91.2 % (95 % CI, 88.4-93.3) and 86.8 % (95 % CI, 82.0-90.7) for E. coli and 88.1 % (95 % CI 83.2-92.1) and 87.6 % (95 % CI 84.7-90.2) for KEC spp. differentiation, respectively, when compared to species ID by MALDI-TOF-MS. When evaluated for phenotypic susceptibilities (VITEK-2), 88.1 % (714/810) of the isolates recovered on the selective agar exhibited resistance to third-generation cephalosporins.Conclusion. The performance characteristics of CHROMagar ESBL media suggest that they may be a viable screening tool for the identification of ESCrE from hospitalized and community participants and could be used to inform infection prevention and control practices in Botswana and potentially other low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Further studies are required to analyse the costs and the impact on time-to-result of the media in comparison with available laboratory methods for ESCrE surveillance in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naledi Mannathoko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ebbing Lautenbach
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mosepele Mosepele
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Dimpho Otukile
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership (BUP), Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Laurel Glaser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leigh Cressman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Cowden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Alby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne Jaskowiak-Barr
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Gross
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margaret Mokomane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Giacomo M. Paganotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership (BUP), Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Rachel M. Smith
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Evan Snitkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tiffany Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Warren B. Bilker
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melissa Richard-Greenblatt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Husna A, Rahman MM, Badruzzaman ATM, Sikder MH, Islam MR, Rahman MT, Alam J, Ashour HM. Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL): Challenges and Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2937. [PMID: 38001938 PMCID: PMC10669213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance, particularly from extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), poses a significant global health challenge as it frequently causes the failure of empirical antibiotic therapy, leading to morbidity and mortality. The E. coli- and K. pneumoniae-derived CTX-M genotype is one of the major types of ESBL. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are involved in spreading ESBL genes among the bacterial population. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of ESBL-E, there is a lack of specific standard examination methods. Carbapenem has been considered the drug of first choice against ESBL-E. However, carbapenem-sparing strategies and alternative treatment options are needed due to the emergence of carbapenem resistance. In South Asian countries, the irrational use of antibiotics might have played a significant role in aggravating the problem of ESBL-induced AMR. Superbugs showing resistance to last-resort antibiotics carbapenem and colistin have been reported in South Asian regions, indicating a future bleak picture if no urgent action is taken. To counteract the crisis, we need rapid diagnostic tools along with efficient treatment options. Detailed studies on ESBL and the implementation of the One Health approach including systematic surveillance across the public and animal health sectors are strongly recommended. This review provides an overview of the background, associated risk factors, transmission, and therapy of ESBL with a focus on the current situation and future threat in the developing countries of the South Asian region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaul Husna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Md. Masudur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - A. T. M. Badruzzaman
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Livestock Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jahangir Alam
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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5
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Messele YE, Trott DJ, Hasoon MF, Veltman T, McMeniman JP, Kidd SP, Djordjevic SP, Petrovski KR, Low WY. Phylogenetic Analysis of Escherichia coli Isolated from Australian Feedlot Cattle in Comparison to Pig Faecal and Poultry/Human Extraintestinal Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050895. [PMID: 37237797 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The similarity of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from healthy cattle to antimicrobial-resistant bacteria causing extraintestinal infections in humans is not fully understood. In this study, we used a bioinformatics approach based on whole genome sequencing data to determine the genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships among faecal Escherichia coli isolates from beef cattle (n = 37) from a single feedlot in comparison to previously analysed pig faecal (n = 45), poultry extraintestinal (n = 19), and human extraintestinal E. coli isolates (n = 40) from three previous Australian studies. Most beef cattle and pig isolates belonged to E. coli phylogroups A and B1, whereas most avian and human isolates belonged to B2 and D, although a single human extraintestinal isolate belonged to phylogenetic group A and sequence type (ST) 10. The most common E. coli sequence types (STs) included ST10 for beef cattle, ST361 for pig, ST117 for poultry, and ST73 for human isolates. Extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase genes were identified in seven out of thirty-seven (18.9%) beef cattle isolates. The most common plasmid replicons identified were IncFIB (AP001918), followed by IncFII, Col156, and IncX1. The results confirm that feedlot cattle isolates examined in this study represent a reduced risk to human and environmental health with regard to being a source of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes E Messele
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Mauida F Hasoon
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tania Veltman
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Joe P McMeniman
- Meat & Livestock Australia, Level 1, 40 Mount Street, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Stephen P Kidd
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Research Centre for Infectious Disease, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology & Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kiro R Petrovski
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Wai Y Low
- The Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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Scollo A, Perrucci A, Stella MC, Ferrari P, Robino P, Nebbia P. Biosecurity and Hygiene Procedures in Pig Farms: Effects of a Tailor-Made Approach as Monitored by Environmental Samples. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071262. [PMID: 37048519 PMCID: PMC10093544 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In livestock, the importance of hygiene management is gaining importance within the context of biosecurity. The aim of this study was to monitor the implementation of biosecurity and hygiene procedures in 20 swine herds over a 12-month period, as driven by tailor-made plans, including training on-farm. The measure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) environmental contents was used as an output biomarker. The presence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) was also investigated as sentinels of antibiotic resistance. A significant biosecurity improvement (p = 0.006) and a reduction in the ATP content in the sanitised environment (p = 0.039) were observed. A cluster including 6/20 farms greatly improved both biosecurity and ATP contents, while the remaining 14/20 farms ameliorated them only slightly. Even if the ESBL-E. coli prevalence (30.0%) after the hygiene procedures significantly decreased, the prevalence of LA-MRSA (22.5%) was unaffected. Despite the promising results supporting the adoption of tailor-made biosecurity plans and the measure of environmental ATP as an output biomarker, the high LA-MRSA prevalence still detected at the end of the study underlines the importance of improving even more biosecurity and farm hygiene in a one-health approach aimed to preserve also the pig workers health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Scollo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Alice Perrucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ferrari
- CRPA Research Centre for Animal Production, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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7
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Dohmen W, Liakopoulos A, Bonten MJM, Mevius DJ, Heederik DJJ. Longitudinal Study of Dynamic Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Pigs and Humans Living and/or Working on Pig Farms. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0294722. [PMID: 36648229 PMCID: PMC9927210 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02947-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales have been increasingly isolated from pigs, highlighting their potential for transmission to humans living and/or working within pig farms. As longitudinal data on the prevalence and the molecular characteristics of such isolates from the high-risk farming population remain scarce, we performed a long-term study on 39 Dutch pig farms. Fecal samples from pigs, farmers, family members, and employees were collected during four sampling occasions with a 6-month period. The presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales and their molecular characteristics (ESBL gene, plasmid, and sequence types) were determined by standard methods. Data on personal and farm characteristics were collected using questionnaires. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was present in pigs at least once for 18 of 39 farms and in 17 of 146 farmers, family members, and/or employees. Among these 417 E. coli isolates, blaCTX-M-1 was the most frequently observed ESBL gene in pigs (n = 261) and humans (n = 25). Despite the great variety in plasmid (sub)types and E. coli sequence types (STs), we observed genetic similarity between human- and pig-derived isolates in (i) ESBL gene, plasmid (sub)type, and ST, suggesting potential clonal transmission in seven farms, and (ii) only ESBL gene and plasmid (sub)type, highlighting the possibility of horizontal transfer in four farms. Five pig farmers carried ESBL producers repeatedly, of whom two carried an identical combination of gene, plasmid (sub)type, and ST over time. Human ESBL carriage was associated with both presence of ESBL producers in pigs and average number of hours working on the pig farm per week, while prolonged human carriage was observed only incidentally. IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli represents a public health hazard due to reduced therapeutic options for the treatment of infections. Although direct contact with pigs is considered a risk factor for human ESBL-producing E. coli carriage through occupational exposure, nationwide data regarding the occurrence of such isolates among pigs and humans living and/or working on farms remain scarce. Therefore, we determined (i) the longitudinal dynamics in prevalence and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli in Dutch pig farmers and their pigs over time and (ii) the potential transmission events between these reservoirs based on genetic relatedness and epidemiological associations in longitudinal data. Our data suggesting the possibility of clonal and horizontal dissemination of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli between pigs and pig farmers can be used to inform targeted intervention strategies to decrease the within-farm human exposure to ESBL-producing E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietske Dohmen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Apostolos Liakopoulos
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J. M. Bonten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dik J. Mevius
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J. J. Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Holcomb DA, Quist AJL, Engel LS. Exposure to industrial hog and poultry operations and urinary tract infections in North Carolina, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158749. [PMID: 36108846 PMCID: PMC9613609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An increasing share of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) lineages that have also been identified in poultry and hogs with high genetic similarity to human clinical isolates. We investigated industrial food animal production as a source of uropathogen transmission by examining relationships of hog and poultry density with emergency department (ED) visits for UTIs in North Carolina (NC). ED visits for UTI in 2016-2019 were identified by ICD-10 code from NC's ZIP code-level syndromic surveillance system and livestock counts were obtained from permit data and aerial imagery. We calculated separate hog and poultry spatial densities (animals/km2) by Census block with a 5 km buffer on the block perimeter and weighted by block population to estimate mean ZIP code densities. Associations between livestock density and UTI incidence were estimated using a reparameterized Besag-York-Mollié (BYM2) model with ZIP code population offsets to account for spatial autocorrelation. We excluded metropolitan and offshore ZIP codes and assessed effect measure modification by calendar year, ZIP code rurality, and patient sex, age, race/ethnicity, and health insurance status. In single-animal models, hog exposure was associated with increased UTI incidence (rate ratio [RR]: 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.07-1.37 in the highest hog-density tertile), but poultry exposure was associated with reduced UTI rates (RR: 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.81-0.91). However, the reference group for single-animal poultry models included ZIP codes with only hogs, which had some of the highest UTI rates; when compared with ZIP codes without any hogs or poultry, there was no association between poultry exposure and UTI incidence. Hog exposure was associated with increased UTI incidence in areas that also had medium to high poultry density, but not in areas with low poultry density, suggesting that intense hog production may contribute to increased UTI incidence in neighboring communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Holcomb
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arbor J L Quist
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Lv C, Shang J, Zhang W, Sun B, Li M, Guo C, Zhou N, Guo X, Huang S, Zhu Y. Dynamic antimicrobial resistant patterns of Escherichia coli from healthy poultry and swine over 10 years in Chongming Island, Shanghai. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:98. [PMID: 36114584 PMCID: PMC9482194 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to animal and public health. Here, we conducted a dynamic surveillance of Escherichia coli on Chongming Island in Shanghai during 2009-2021 to identify the characteristics and trends of Chongming's AMR pandemic. METHODS Rectal (cloaca) swabs from four poultry and nine swine farms (Chongming Island, 2009-2021) were collected for E. coli strains acquisition. The micro-broth dilution method was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates against 10 antimicrobial classes including 15 antimicrobials. Utilizing generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) and co-occurrence analyses, we further explored the multiple-drug-resistance (MDR) combinations and dynamic patterns of E. coli over 10 years in two food animals. RESULTS Total of 863 MDR isolates were found among 945 collected E. coli isolates, 337 from poultry and 608 from swine. Both isolates exhibited high resistant rates (> 70%) to tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, penicillins, and aminoglycosides (only in swine). The resistant rates of swine isolates to penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, phenicols, and polymyxins were significantly higher than those of poultry isolates, whereas resistance to fluoroquinolones was reversed. Resistance to polymyxins decreased similarly in swine (42.4% in 2009 to 0.0% in 2021) and poultry isolates (from 16.5% to 0.0%). However, resistance to other seven antimicrobial classes (excluding carbapenems and penicillins) declined dramatically in swine isolates, particularly fluoroquinolones (from 80.5% to 14.4%), and tendencies of resistance to the seven classes showed markedly divergent patterns in poultry isolates. Using Poisson GLMMs, the AMR carriage since 2016 was significantly lower than that of 2009 (odds ratio < 1), indicating a decline in the risk of MDR emergence. Furthermore, despite the highly diverse MDR profiles, co-occurrence analysis identified two prominent MDR clusters of penicillins-phenicols-fluoroquinolones in poultry and aminoglycosides-tetracyclines-sulfonamides-phenicols in swine. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered vastly distinct AMR patterns and dynamic tendencies of poultry and swine E. coli isolates from Chongming. Meanwhile, Chongming's AMR status has ameliorated, as indicated by the decline in antimicrobials prevalence (particularly in swine), lower likelihood of MDR emergence and low carbapenem-, cephalosporin-, and polymyxin resistance. Importantly, this surveillance results are the vital basis for future policy development in Chongming and Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lv
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Shang
- Shanghai Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Feeds Control, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Feeds Control, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- Shanghai Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Feeds Control, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chaoyi Guo
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Shixin Huang
- Shanghai Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Feeds Control, Shanghai, 201103, China.
| | - Yongzhang Zhu
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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10
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Shalmashi H, Farajnia S, Sadeghi M, Tanoumand A, Veissi K, Hamishekar H, Gotaslou R. Detection of ESBLs types blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM resistance genes among clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Tsekouras N, Athanasakopoulou Z, Diezel C, Kostoulas P, Braun SD, Sofia M, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Chatzopoulos DC, Gary D, Krähmer D, Spyrou V, Christodoulopoulos G, Billinis C, Papatsiros VG. Cross-Sectional Survey of Antibiotic Resistance in Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Pigs in Greece. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1560. [PMID: 35739896 PMCID: PMC9219512 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) bacteria in swine. Thus, 214 fecal samples were collected from suckling and weaned piglets from 34 farms in Greece (out of an overall population of about 14,300 sows). A subset of 78 (36.5%) ESBL producers were identified as E. coli (69/78, 88.5%), K. pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae (3.8%), P. mirabilis (5.1%), E. cloacae complex (1.3%) and S. enterica spp. diarizonae (1.3%). Resistance to at least one class of non-β-lactam antibiotics was detected in 78 isolates. Among the E. coli strains, resistance was identified with regard to aminoglycosides (n = 31), fluoroquinolones (n = 49), tetracycline (n = 26) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 46). Of the three K. pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae, two displayed resistances to aminoglycosides and all were resistant to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. As for the four P. mirabilis isolates, three had a resistant phenotype for aminoglycosides and all were resistant to imipenem, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Molecular characterization of the isolates revealed the presence of CTX-M, SHV and TEM genes, as well as of genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, macrolides and colistin. High levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were demonstrated in Greek swine herds posing a concern for the efficacy of treatments at the farm level as well as for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsekouras
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (N.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Zoi Athanasakopoulou
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (P.K.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Marina Sofia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (P.K.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Dominik Gary
- INTER-ARRAY by fzmb GmbH, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany; (D.G.); (D.K.)
| | - Domenique Krähmer
- INTER-ARRAY by fzmb GmbH, 99947 Bad Langensalza, Germany; (D.G.); (D.K.)
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Georgios Christodoulopoulos
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (N.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (C.B.)
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (P.K.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (N.T.); (G.C.)
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12
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Bonardi S, Cabassi CS, Manfreda G, Parisi A, Fiaccadori E, Sabatino A, Cavirani S, Bacci C, Rega M, Spadini C, Iannarelli M, Crippa C, Ruocco F, Pasquali F. Survey on Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria in Pigs at Slaughter and Comparison with Human Clinical Isolates in Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:777. [PMID: 35740183 PMCID: PMC9219774 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on resistance to carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins in Gram-negative microorganisms isolated from swine, whose transmission to humans via pork consumption cannot be excluded. In addition, the common carriage of carbapenem-resistant (CR) bacteria between humans and pigs was evaluated. Sampling involved 300 faecal samples collected from slaughtered pigs and 300 urine samples collected from 187 hospitalised patients in Parma Province (Italy). In swine, MIC testing confirmed resistance to meropenem for isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime for Escherichia coli, Ewingella americana, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Citrobacter freundii. For Acinetobacter lwoffii, Aeromonas hydrofila, Burkolderia cepacia, Corynebacterium indologenes, Flavobacterium odoratum, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, no EUCAST MIC breakpoints were available. However, ESBL genes (blaCTXM-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV) and AmpC genes (blaCIT, blaACC, and blaEBC) were found in 38 and 16 isolates, respectively. P. aeruginosa was the only CR species shared by pigs (4/300 pigs; 1.3%) and patients (2/187; 1.1%). P. aeruginosa ST938 carrying blaPAO and blaOXA396 was detected in one pig as well as an 83-year-old patient. Although no direct epidemiological link was demonstrable, SNP calling and cgMLST showed a genetic relationship of the isolates (86 SNPs and 661 allele difference), thus suggesting possible circulation of CR bacteria between swine and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bonardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.C.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (M.R.); (C.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Clotilde Silvia Cabassi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.C.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (M.R.); (C.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Gerardo Manfreda
- Food Safety Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 70017 Putignano, Italy;
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Nephrology Unit, Parma University-Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Alice Sabatino
- Nephrology Unit, Parma University-Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Sandro Cavirani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.C.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (M.R.); (C.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Cristina Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.C.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (M.R.); (C.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Martina Rega
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.C.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (M.R.); (C.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Costanza Spadini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.C.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (M.R.); (C.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Mattia Iannarelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (C.S.C.); (S.C.); (C.B.); (M.R.); (C.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Cecilia Crippa
- Food Safety Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.C.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Frédérique Pasquali
- Food Safety Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (G.M.); (C.C.); (F.P.)
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13
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Godijk NG, Bootsma MCJ, Bonten MJM. Transmission routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:482. [PMID: 35596134 PMCID: PMC9123679 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantification of acquisition routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) is pivotal for understanding transmission dynamics and designing cost-effective interventions. Different methods have been used to quantify the importance of transmission routes, such as relative risks, odds ratios (OR), genomic comparisons and basic reproduction numbers. We systematically reviewed reported estimates on acquisition routes’ contributions of ARB in humans, animals, water and the environment and assessed the methods used to quantify the importance of transmission routes. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched, resulting in 6054 articles published up until January 1st, 2019. Full text screening was performed on 525 articles and 277 are included. Results We extracted 718 estimates with S. aureus (n = 273), E. coli (n = 157) and Enterobacteriaceae (n = 99) being studied most frequently. Most estimates were derived from statistical methods (n = 560), mainly expressed as risks (n = 246) and ORs (n = 239), followed by genetic comparisons (n = 85), modelling (n = 62) and dosage of ARB ingested (n = 17). Transmission routes analysed most frequently were occupational exposure (n = 157), travelling (n = 110) and contacts with carriers (n = 83). Studies were mostly performed in the United States (n = 142), the Netherlands (n = 87) and Germany (n = 60). Comparison of methods was not possible as studies using different methods to estimate the same route were lacking. Due to study heterogeneity not all estimates by the same method could be pooled. Conclusion Despite an abundance of published data the relative importance of transmission routes of ARB has not been accurately quantified. Links between exposure and acquisition are often present, but the frequency of exposure is missing, which disables estimation of transmission routes’ importance. To create effective policies reducing ARB, estimates of transmission should be weighed by the frequency of exposure occurrence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07360-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje G Godijk
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin C J Bootsma
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Liu Z, Wang K, Zhang Y, Xia L, Zhao L, Guo C, Liu X, Qin L, Hao Z. High Prevalence and Diversity Characteristics of blaNDM, mcr, and blaESBLs Harboring Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli From Chicken, Pig, and Cattle in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:755545. [PMID: 35198455 PMCID: PMC8859839 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.755545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand the diversity characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in chicken, pig, and cattle. A high prevalence of ESBL-EC (260/344) was observed in all food animals with prevalence rates of 78.6% (110/140) for chicken, 70.7% (58/82) for cattle, and 75.4% (92/122) for swine. However, the resistance rates presented significant differences in different animal origin ESBL-EC, where resistance to CTX, GEN, IMP, NEO, and OFL was the highest in chicken ESBL-EC, then in cattle, and the lowest in swine. Seriously, most ESBL-EC harbor multidrug resistance to antibiotics (MDR, ≥3 antibiotic categories), and the MDR rates of ESBL-EC were the highest in chicken (98.18%), followed by swine (93.48%), and the lowest in cow (58.62%), while the same trend also was observed in MDR of ≥5 antibiotic categories. This high prevalence and resistance can be partly interpreted by the high carriage rates of the β-lactamases CTX-M (n = 89), OXA (n = 59), SHV (n = 7), and TEM (n = 259). A significant difference of β-lactamase genes also presented in different animal species isolates, where the chicken origin ESBL-EC possessed higher carriage rates of almost all genes tested than cattle and swine. Notably, eight chicken origin ESBL-EC carried transferable plasmid-mediated blaNDM-1 or blaNDM-5, especially, of which four ESBL-EC also contained the colistin resistance gene mcr-1, as confirmed by genomic analysis. More interestingly, two deletion events with a 500-bp deletion in ΔISAba125 and a 180-bp deletion in dsbC were observed in three blaNDM-5 IncX3 plasmids, which, as far as we know, is the first discovery. This showed the instability and horizontal transfer of blaNDM genetic context, suggesting that blaNDM is evolving to “pack light” to facilitate rapid and stable horizontal transfer. Sequence types (STs) and PFGE showed diversity patterns. The most prevalent STs were ST48 (n = 5), ST189 (n = 5), ST206 (n = 4), ST6396 (n = 3), ST10 (n = 3), and ST155 (n = 3), where ST48 ESBL-EC originated from three food animal species. The STs of all blaNDM-positive ESBL-EC were attributed to three STs, namely, ST6396 (n = 2), ST206 (n = 2), and ST189 (n = 4), where ST189 was also the unique type for four mcr-1-carrying ESBL-EC. In conclusion, we suggest that the three animal species ESBL-EC show similar high prevalence, diversity in isolate lineages, and significant discrepancies in antibiotic resistance and resistance genes. This suggests that monitoring and anti-infection of different food animal origin ESBL-EC need different designs, which deserves more attention and further surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi, China
- Department of Instruments, Autobio Labtec Instruments Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Academy of Poultry Industry Research, The New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi, China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changmei Guo
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liting Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihui Hao,
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15
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Multi-Drug and β-Lactam Resistance in Escherichia coli and Food-Borne Pathogens from Animals and Food in Portugal, 2014–2019. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010090. [PMID: 35052967 PMCID: PMC8773433 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal and food sources are seen as a potential transmission pathway of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to humans. The aim of this study is to describe Campylobacter, Salmonella, and commensal Escherichia coli multi-drug resistance (MDR) in the food chain between 2014 and 2019 in Portugal. AMR surveillance data from food-producing animals and food were assessed. MDR relative frequencies were estimated by bacterial genus and year. AMR profiles were created using observations of resistance to antimicrobial classes from each isolate. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were clustered using k-modes. Clusters were described by population, AMR classification, β-lactamases, sample stage, sample type, season, and year. Overall, MDR was more prevalent for E. coli, ranging from 74–90% in animal and 94–100% in food samples. MDR was found to be more widespread in resistance profiles that were common among E. coli and Salmonella isolates and in those exclusively observed for E. coli, frequently including (fluoro)quinolones and cephalosporins resistance. β-lactam resistance was observed around 75% to 3rd/4th-generation cephalosporins in E. coli. Clusters suggest an escalating MDR behaviour from farm to post-farm stages in all bacteria and that Salmonella (fluoro)quinolones resistance may be associated with broilers. These findings support policy and decision making to tackle MDR in farm and post-farm stages.
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Moor J, Wüthrich T, Aebi S, Mostacci N, Overesch G, Oppliger A, Hilty M. Influence of pig farming on human Gut Microbiota: role of airborne microbial communities. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-13. [PMID: 34060426 PMCID: PMC8172160 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1927634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that both genetics and diet influence the composition of the human cecal microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether and how occupational exposure to microbes impacts the microbial communities in human guts. Using a One Health approach, we visited pig farms (n = 26) and collected stool specimens from pig workers (n = 59), pig barn air samples (n = 19), and rectal swabs from pigs at three different growth stages (n = 144). Stool samples from cattle workers were included as a control group (n = 22). Each sample's microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the DADA2 pipeline.We obtained a significantly different clustering of the microbial compositions of pig and cattle workers by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA; P < .001). Workers primarily exposed to pigs had higher relative abundances of Prevotellaceae and less Bacteroidaceae than workers exposed to cattle. We also found that the microbial compositions of pig workers' stool samples shared extensive fractions with the samples from their pigs. We also identified amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) in the airborne microbiota which were likely involved in zoonotic transmission events.We hypothesize that ASVs originating from pig feces are aerosolized and, through breathing, get trapped in the pig farm workers' upper respiratory tract from where they can get swallowed. Consequently, some of the animal associated ASVs are transferred into the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) which leads to changes in the composition of the human gut microbiota. The importance of this finding for human health must be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moor
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tsering Wüthrich
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Aebi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadezda Mostacci
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gudrun Overesch
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Oppliger
- Unisante, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Hilty
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Markus Hilty Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001Bern, Switzerland, Phone +41 31 632 49 83
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Meijs AP, Gijsbers EF, Hengeveld PD, Dierikx CM, de Greeff SC, van Duijkeren E. ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage among veterinary healthcare workers in the Netherlands. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:147. [PMID: 34666826 PMCID: PMC8524829 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-01012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animals are a reservoir for ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli/Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-E/K). We investigated the association between occupational contact with different types of animals and the prevalence of ESBL-E/K carriage among veterinary healthcare workers, assessed molecular characteristics of ESBL-E/K, and followed-up on the ESBL-E/K carriage status of participants and their household members. METHODS Participants completed a questionnaire about their contact with animals at work and at home, health status, travel behaviour and hygiene, and sent in a faecal sample which was tested for the presence of ESBL-E/K. Resistance genes were typed using PCR and sequencing. ESBL-E/K positive participants and their household members were followed up after 6 months. Risk factors were analysed using multivariable logistic regression methods. RESULTS The prevalence of ESBL-E/K carriage was 9.8% (47/482; 95%CI 7.4-12.7). The most frequently occurring ESBL genes were blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14 and blaDHA-1. The predominant sequence type was ST131. None of the occupation related factors, such as contact with specific animal species, were significantly associated with ESBL-E/K carriage, whereas travel to Africa, Asia or Latin America in the past 6 months (OR 4.4), and stomach/bowel complaints in the past 4 weeks (OR 2.2) were. Sixteen of 33 initially ESBL-E/K positive participants (48.5%) tested positive again 6 months later, in 14 persons the same ESBL gene and E. coli ST was found. Four of 23 (17.4%) household members carried ESBL-E/K, in three persons this was the same ESBL gene and E. coli ST as in the veterinary healthcare worker. CONCLUSIONS Despite the absence of specific occupation related risk factors, ESBL-E/K carriage in veterinary healthcare workers was high compared to the prevalence in the general Dutch population (5%). This indicates that occupational contact with animals is a potential source of ESBL-E/K for the population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk P Meijs
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther F Gijsbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paul D Hengeveld
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy M Dierikx
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C de Greeff
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Engeline van Duijkeren
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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18
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The Prevalence and Characterization of Fecal Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs on Farms of Different Sizes in Latvia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091099. [PMID: 34572681 PMCID: PMC8468317 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fecal ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in pigs on large and small farms in Latvia, to characterize beta-lactamase genes and establish an antimicrobial resistance profile. Fecal samples (n = 615) were collected from 4-week, 5-week, 6-week, 8-week, 12-week and 20-week-old piglets, pigs and sows on four large farms (L1, L2, L3, L4) and three small farms (S1, S2, S3) in Latvia. ChromArt ESBL agar and combination disc tests were used for the screening and confirmation of ESBL-producing E. coli. The antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disc diffusion method and ESBL genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, ESBL-producing E. coli was confirmed on three large farms, L1 (64.3%), L2 (29.9%), L3 (10.7%) and one small farm, S1 (47.5%); n = 144 (23.4%). The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli differed considerably between the large and small farm groups (26.9% vs. 12.7%). Of ESBL E. coli isolates, 96% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), demonstrating there were more extensive MDR phenotypes on large farms. The distribution of ESBL genes was blaTEM (94%), blaCTX-M (86%) and blaSHV (48%). On the small farm, blaSHV dominated, thus demonstrating a positive association with resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime and cefixime, while on the large farms, blaCTX-M with a positive association to cephalexin and several non-beta lactam antibiotics dominated. The results indicated the prevalence of a broad variety of ESBL-producing E. coli among the small and large farms, putting the larger farms at a higher risk. Individual monitoring of ESBL and their antimicrobial resistance could be an important step in revealing hazardous MDR ESBL-producing E. coli strains and reviewing the management of antibiotic use.
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19
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Sirichokchatchawan W, Apiwatsiri P, Pupa P, Saenkankam I, Khine NO, Lekagul A, Lugsomya K, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Reducing the Risk of Transmission of Critical Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants From Contaminated Pork Products to Humans in South-East Asia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689015. [PMID: 34385984 PMCID: PMC8353453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge worldwide as it impacts public health, especially via contamination in the food chain and in healthcare-associated infections. In relation to farming, the systems used, waste management on farms, and the production line process are all determinants reflecting the risk of AMR emergence and rate of contamination of foodstuffs. This review focuses on South East Asia (SEA), which contains diverse regions covering 11 countries, each having different levels of development, customs, laws, and regulations. Routinely, here as elsewhere antimicrobials are still used for three indications: therapy, prevention, and growth promotion, and these are the fundamental drivers of AMR development and persistence. The accuracy of detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) depends on the laboratory standards applicable in the various institutes and countries, and this affects the consistency of regional data. Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the standard proxy species used for indicating AMR-associated nosocomial infections and healthcare-associated infections. Pig feces and wastewater have been suspected as one of the hotspots for spread and circulation of ARB and ARG. As part of AMR surveillance in a One Health approach, clonal typing is used to identify bacterial clonal transmission from the production process to consumers and patients - although to date there have been few published definitive studies about this in SEA. Various alternatives to antibiotics are available to reduce antibiotic use on farms. Certain of these alternatives together with improved disease prevention methods are essential tools to reduce antimicrobial usage in swine farms and to support global policy. This review highlights evidence for potential transfer of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans, and awareness and understanding of AMR through a description of the occurrence of AMR in pig farm food chains under SEA management systems. The latter includes a description of standard pig farming practices, detection of AMR and clonal analysis of bacteria, and AMR in the food chain and associated environments. Finally, the possibility of using alternatives to antibiotics and improving policies for future strategies in combating AMR in a SEA context are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Sirichokchatchawan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Apiwatsiri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Imporn Saenkankam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nwai Oo Khine
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Lekagul
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - David J. Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Moor J, Aebi S, Rickli S, Mostacci N, Overesch G, Oppliger A, Hilty M. Dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in pig farms: A longitudinal study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 58:106382. [PMID: 34157404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Point prevalence estimates of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESC-R-Ec) are important surveillance measures but may not uncover the ESC-R-Ec dynamics within pig farms. A longitudinal study was therefore performed by sampling individual pigs, pig farmers and the environment. METHODS On average, 30 (range 10-46) piglets of 31 Swiss farms were sampled during the suckling, weaning and fattening stages (n= 2437 samples). In addition, stool from pig farmers and environmental samples were obtained and metadata collected by questionnaires. ESC-R-Ec was identified by routine culture, and clonal relationships and resistance genes were derived from whole genome sequencing data. RESULTS Working on pig farms was not associated with an increased prevalence of ESC-R-Ec in humans. ESC-R-Ec prevalence significantly decreased from 6.2% to 3.9% and 1.8% for the suckling, weaned and fattening pigs, respectively (P < 0.001). Within the 57 ESC-R-positive suckling piglets, persisting carriage was detected in 25 animals at two consecutive time points and one animal at three consecutive time points. Clonal spread (n=7 farms, 22.6%) and horizontal gene transfer (n=1 farm, 3%) within pigs but not between humans and animals was detected. Liquid manure (n=10 samples, 16.7%) was identified as the major environmental reservoir of ESC-R-Ec in the pig farm environment. CONCLUSIONS Pig farming practices like all-in-all-out systems, but not antimicrobial usage, were associated with reduced risk of ESC-R-Ec at the farm level. As carriage duration is normally short within the individual pigs, the risk of recolonisation and clonal spread of ESC-R-Ec might be reduced by applying appropriate decontamination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moor
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Aebi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Rickli
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadezda Mostacci
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gudrun Overesch
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Oppliger
- Unisante, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Hilty
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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21
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van den Bunt G, Fluit AC, Spaninks MP, Timmerman AJ, Geurts Y, Kant A, Scharringa J, Mevius D, Wagenaar JA, Bonten MJM, van Pelt W, Hordijk J. Faecal carriage, risk factors, acquisition and persistence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dogs and cats and co-carriage with humans belonging to the same household. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:342-350. [PMID: 31711228 PMCID: PMC6966097 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are observed in many reservoirs. Pets might play an important role in the dissemination of ESBL-E to humans since they live closely together. Objectives To identify prevalence, risk factors, molecular characteristics, persistence and acquisition of ESBL-E in dogs and cats, and co-carriage in human–pet pairs belonging to the same household. Methods In a nationwide study, one person per household was randomly invited to complete a questionnaire and to submit a faecal sample. Dog and cat owners were invited to also submit a faecal sample from their pet. Repeated sampling after 1 and 6 months was performed in a subset. ESBL-E were obtained through selective culture and characterized by WGS. Logistic regression analyses and random forest models were performed to identify risk factors. Results The prevalence of ESBL-E carriage in these cohorts was 3.8% (95% CI: 2.7%–5.4%) for human participants (n=550), 10.7% (95% CI: 8.3%–13.7%) for dogs (n=555) and 1.4% (95% CI: 0.5%–3.8%) for cats (n=285). Among animals, blaCTX-M-1 was most abundant, followed by blaCTX-M-15. In dogs, persistence of carriage was 57.1% at 1 month and 42.9% at 6 months. Eating raw meat [OR: 8.8, 95% CI: 4.7–16.4; population attributable risk (PAR): 46.5%, 95% CI: 41.3%–49.3%] and dry food (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.5; PAR: 56.5%, 95% CI: 33.2%–66.6%) were predictors for ESBL-E carriage in dogs. Human–dog co-carriage was demonstrated in five households. Human–cat co-carriage was not observed. Conclusions ESBL-E prevalence was higher in dogs than in humans and lowest in cats. The main risk factor for ESBL-E carriage was eating raw meat. Co-carriage in dogs and household members was uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- G van den Bunt
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A C Fluit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M P Spaninks
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A J Timmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Geurts
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - A Kant
- Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - J Scharringa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - J A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - M J M Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W van Pelt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Bastard J, Haenni M, Gay E, Glaser P, Madec JY, Temime L, Opatowski L. Drivers of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli dynamics in calf fattening farms: A modelling study. One Health 2021; 12:100238. [PMID: 33851002 PMCID: PMC8022845 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of bacteria in livestock to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance raises concerns worldwide. However, the dynamics of selection and diffusion of antimicrobial resistance in farm animals are not fully understood. Here, we used veal calf fattening farms as a model system, as they are a known reservoir of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC). Longitudinal data of ESBL-EC carriage and antimicrobial use (AMU) were collected from three veal calf farms during the entire fattening process. We developed 18 agent-based mechanistic models to assess different hypotheses regarding the main drivers of ESBL-EC dynamics in calves. The models were independently fitted to the longitudinal data using Markov Chain Monte Carlo and the best model was selected. Within-farm transmission between individuals and sporadic events of contamination were found to drive ESBL-EC dynamics on farms. In the absence of AMU, the median carriage duration of ESBL-EC was estimated to be 19.6 days (95% credible interval: [12.7; 33.3]). In the best model, AMU was found to influence ESBL-EC dynamics, by affecting ESBL-EC clearance rather than acquisition. This effect of AMU was estimated to decrease gradually after the end of exposure and to disappear after 62.5 days [50.0; 76.9]. Moreover, using a simulation study, we quantified the efficacy of ESBL-EC mitigation strategies. Decreasing ESBL-EC prevalence by 50% on arrival at the fattening farm reduced prevalence at slaughter age by 33.3%. Completely eliminating the use of selective antibiotics on arrival had a strong effect on average ESBL-EC prevalence (relative reduction of 77.0%), but the effect was mild if this use was only decreased by 50% compared to baseline (relative reduction of 3.3%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bastard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, CESP, Anti-infective evasion and pharmacoepidemiology team, F-78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Institut Pasteur, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion unit, F-75015 Paris, France
- MESuRS laboratory, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, 292 rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris, France
- PACRI unit, Institut Pasteur, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Corresponding author at: Institut Pasteur, EMEA unit, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Université de Lyon - Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Gay
- Université de Lyon - Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité EAS, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Glaser
- Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotics Resistance (EERA) unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut Pasteur, AP-HP, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Université de Lyon - Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Temime
- MESuRS laboratory, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, 292 rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris, France
- PACRI unit, Institut Pasteur, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France
| | - Lulla Opatowski
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, CESP, Anti-infective evasion and pharmacoepidemiology team, F-78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Institut Pasteur, Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion unit, F-75015 Paris, France
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23
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Kanokudom S, Assawakongkarat T, Akeda Y, Ratthawongjirakul P, Chuanchuen R, Chaichanawongsaroj N. Rapid detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from fresh pork meat and pig cecum samples using multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow strip analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248536. [PMID: 33720963 PMCID: PMC7959403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is a global health issue. Food-producing animals, including pigs, are significant reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which can be transmitted to humans. Thus, the rapid detection of ESBLs is required for efficient epidemiological control and treatment. In this study, multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with a single-stranded tag hybridization chromatographic printed-array strip (STH-PAS), as a lateral flow strip assay (LFA), was established for the rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple bla genes in a single reaction. Visible blue lines, indicating the presence of the blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaOXA genes, were observed within 10 min by the naked eye. The limit of detection of all three genes was 2.5 ng/25 μL, and no cross-reactivity with seven commensal aerobic bacteria was observed. A total of 93.9% (92/98) and 96% (48/50) of the E. coli isolates from pork meat and fecal samples, respectively, expressed an ESBL-producing phenotype. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR amplicons showed that blaCTX-M was the most prevalent type (91.3–95.83%), of which the main form was blaCTX-M-55. The sensitivity and specificity of the RPA-LFA were 99.2% and 100%, respectively, and were in almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.949–1.000) with the results from PCR sequencing. Thus, the RPA-LFA is a promising tool for rapid and equipment-free ESBL detection and may facilitate clinical diagnosis in human and veterinary medicine, as well as AMR monitoring and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitthichai Kanokudom
- Research Unit of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thachaporn Assawakongkarat
- Research Unit of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Panan Ratthawongjirakul
- Research Unit of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungtip Chuanchuen
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuntaree Chaichanawongsaroj
- Research Unit of Innovative Diagnosis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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24
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Sazykin IS, Khmelevtsova LE, Seliverstova EY, Sazykina MA. Effect of Antibiotics Used in Animal Husbandry on the Distribution of Bacterial Drug Resistance (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Stoica C, Cox G. Old problems and new solutions: antibiotic alternatives in food animal production. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:427-444. [PMID: 33606564 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance crisis is a Global Health challenge that impacts humans, animals, and the environment alike. In response to increased demands for animal protein and by-products, there has been a substantial increase in the use of antimicrobial agents in the animal industry. Indeed, they are extensively used to prevent, control, and (or) treat disease in animals. In addition to infection control, in-feed supplementation with antimicrobials became common practice for growth promotion of livestock. Unfortunately, the global overuse of antimicrobials has contributed to the emergence and spread of resistance. As such, many countries have implemented policies and approaches to eliminate the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters in food animals, which necessitates the need for alternate and One Health strategies to maintain animal health and welfare. This review summarizes the antimicrobial resistance crisis from Global Health and One Health perspectives. In addition, we outline examples of potential alternate strategies to circumvent antimicrobial use in animal husbandry practices, including antivirulence agents, bacteriophages, and nutritional measures to control bacterial pathogens. Overall, these alternate strategies require further research and development efforts, including assessment of efficacy and the associated development, manufacturing, and labor costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Stoica
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Georgina Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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26
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Sudatip D, Chasiri K, Kritiyakan A, Phanprasit W, Thinphovong C, Tiengrim S, Thamlikitkul V, Abdallah R, Baron SA, Rolain JM, Morand S, Hilty M, Oppliger A. A One Health approach to assessing occupational exposure to antimicrobial resistance in Thailand: The FarmResist project. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245250. [PMID: 33507909 PMCID: PMC7842938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This Southeast Asia-Europe research project will use a One Health approach to identify the major parameters responsible for the presence of animal-associated antimicrobial resistant bacteria in animal production facilities in Thailand and the risk of their transmission from animals to humans. We will focus on traditional, small, extensive pig and poultry farms where information on antibiotic use is scarce and animals live in close contact with humans. This cross-sectional study will be based on the epidemiological analysis of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) present in fecal samples from animals and humans. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and Enterobacteriaceae resistant to colistin will be actively searched in the feces of farm animals (pigs and poultry), small wild rodents and farmers. Phenotypic (selective plating) and genotypic (multilocus seuquence typing and sequencing) methods will be used for the detection of AMR, the identification of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the characterization of strains carrying resistance genes. Questionnaires will be administered to investigate the effects of antibiotic use, farm characteristics and biosecurity measures on the occurrence of AMR in animals. Subsequently, the fecal carriage of AMR and ARGs in farmers will be compared to a control population with no occupational contacts with animals, thus enabling an estimation of the risk of transmission of AMR/ARGs from animals to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangdao Sudatip
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment, Unisante, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anamika Kritiyakan
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wantanee Phanprasit
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Surapee Tiengrim
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Visanu Thamlikitkul
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rim Abdallah
- MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Serge Morand
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Markus Hilty
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Oppliger
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment, Unisante, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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27
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Hernández-Fillor RE, Brilhante M, Marrero-Moreno CM, Baez M, Espinosa I, Perreten V. Characterization of Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs in Cuba Using Next-Generation Sequencing. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1003-1010. [PMID: 33470893 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) in Escherichia coli has been reported worldwide from humans and animals, but the situation in Cuba is still poorly understood. This study aimed to gain new insights into the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) E. coli isolated from pigs in Cuba. Rectal swabs from 215 healthy pigs were taken from different municipalities in the western region of Cuba and spread on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Ninety-six isolates were identified as 3GC-R E. coli and 87.5% of them were resistant to at least three antibiotic classes as determined by the measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 14 antibiotics. Twenty-seven different isolates were selected for Illumina next-generation sequencing, and subsequent in silico analysis was performed for the detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, plasmid incompatibility (Inc) groups, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and core genome MLST (cgMLST). The sequenced isolates contained extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-32 (n = 17), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 5), and blaCTX-M-55 (n = 4) as well as with pAmpC gene blaCMY-2 (n = 2). They also harbored genes for resistance to other clinically important classes of antibiotics, as well as several diverse virulence factors. The 3GC-R E. coli were genetically highly diverse, belonging to 16 different sequence types. IncX1 was the most frequent Inc group. The presence of 3GC-R E. coli in pigs from Cuba containing several different antibiotic resistance mechanisms emphasizes the need for surveillance programs and the establishment of strategies for the prudent use of antibiotics in food-producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Elena Hernández-Fillor
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Michael Brilhante
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Michel Baez
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Ivette Espinosa
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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28
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van Bilsen WPH, van Dulm E, Matser A, Linde I, van Duijnhoven YTHP, Prins JM, Prins M, Boyd A, van Dam AP. High carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae associated with sexual activity among men who have sex with men. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 57:106276. [PMID: 33434675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum β-lactamase Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) may be sexually transmitted. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have different sexual behaviour than the general population, and thus may be at risk for ESBL-E carriage. This study determined the prevalence of ESBL-E carriage and its association with sexual behaviour among MSM in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 583 HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM from the Amsterdam Cohort Study were screened for rectal ESBL-E carriage between April and December 2018. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire on (sexual) behaviour and risk factors for antimicrobial resistance. The proportion of the study population with ESBL-E carriage was compared by number of sexual partners using logistic regression, and across clusters of sexual behaviours with steady and casual partners, separately, using latent class analyses; all results were adjusted for recent use of antibiotics, travel and hospitalization. RESULTS Overall, 16.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.4-19.5] of the study population tested positive for ESBL-E. The odds of ESBL-E carriage increased as number of sexual partners increased [adjusted odds ratio per ln(partner+1), 1.57, 95% CI 1.26-1.94; P<0.001]. There was no association between ESBL-E carriage and sexual behaviour with steady partner(s). Compared with participants in the 'no sex with casual partner(s)' cluster, adjusted odds of being ESBL-E positive were 2.95-fold higher (95% CI 1.52-5.80) for participants in the 'rimming and frottage' cluster (P=0.001) and 2.28-fold higher (95% CI 0.98-5.31) for participants in the 'toy use and fisting' cluster (P=0.056). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ESBL-E in MSM is higher compared with the overall Dutch population, likely due to sexual transmission with casual partners. This implies that sexually active MSM should be considered a risk group for ESBL-E carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward P H van Bilsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van Dulm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Amy Matser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke Linde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan M Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Boyd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alje P van Dam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Egbule OS, Iweriebor BC, Odum EI. Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Recovered from Pig Handlers in Retail Shops and Abattoirs in Selected Localities in Southern Nigeria: Implications for Public Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:9. [PMID: 33374204 PMCID: PMC7824224 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance evolution among pathogenic microorganisms has become a huge burden globally as it has increased the burden of diseases amongst humans and animals. The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) and metallo beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (MBL-Ec) isolated from pig abattoir and handlers in retail shops was studied. In addition, the relationship between the isolates' prevalence and the background characteristics of the butchers/retailers was also investigated. Samples from 32 hand swabs of pork sellers at retail shops and 8 butchers at abattoirs, as well as 272 swabs taken from knives, tables, floors, water troughs, and carcasses from both retail shops and abattoirs, were collected. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from hand swabs, fomites, and carcasses and were identified by standard microbiological procedures. The isolates susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (300 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), cefixime (5 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), and meropenem (10 µg) and their ability to produce ESBL and MBL was determined by phenotypic methods. Demographic information of the handlers was retrieved by means of a structured questionnaire and, in some cases, via face to face interviews. Out of 104 E. coli isolates from both sources, 52 (50.0%) and 8 (7.7%) were ESBL and MBL producers, respectively. ESBL was more prevalent on the hands of the retailers (40.6%) and butchers (75.0%). The isolates were 100% resistant to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 4.8% resistant to nitrofurantoin. Diverse resistance patterns were observed among ESBL-Ec and MBL-Ec. It was found that 90% of ESBL-Ec and 100% of MBL-Ec were multidrug-resistant. A possible epidemiological link between the two sources was observed. The prevalence of E. coli ESBL- and MBL-producing isolates was associated with the duty performed by handlers (p = 0.012) and gender (p = 0.012). Our results provide evidence that the handlers' hands and abattoir environment had a great role to play in the high prevalence and resistance profiles of the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Sochi Egbule
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka 330106, Nigeria;
| | - Benson C. Iweriebor
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
| | - Edward Ikenna Odum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka 330106, Nigeria;
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30
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Singh SR, Mao B, Evdokimov K, Tan P, Leab P, Ong R, Vonthanak S, Tam CC, Hsu LY, Turner P. Prevalence of MDR organism (MDRO) carriage in children and their household members in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2020; 2:dlaa097. [PMID: 34223049 PMCID: PMC8210010 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising incidence of infections caused by MDR organisms (MDROs) poses a significant public health threat. However, little has been reported regarding community MDRO carriage in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in Siem Reap, Cambodia comparing hospital-associated households, in which an index child (age: 2-14 years) had been hospitalized for at least 48 h in the preceding 2-4 weeks, with matched community households on the same street, in which no other child had a recent history of hospitalization. Participants were interviewed using a survey questionnaire and tested for carriage of MRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) by culture followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing. We used logistic regression analysis to analyse associations between collected variables and MDRO carriage. RESULTS Forty-two pairs of households including 376 participants with 376 nasal swabs and 290 stool specimens were included in final analysis. MRSA was isolated from 26 specimens (6.9%). ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was detected in 269 specimens (92.8%) whereas ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 128 specimens (44.1%), of which 123 (42.4%) were co-colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli. Six (2.1%) specimens tested positive for CPE (4 E. coli and 2 K. pneumoniae). The prevalence ratios for MRSA, ESBL-producing E. coli and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae carriage did not differ significantly in hospital-associated households and hospitalized children compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of ESBL-E across both household types suggests that MDRO reservoirs are common in the community. Ongoing genomic analyses will help to understand the epidemiology and course of MDRO spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta R Singh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bunsoth Mao
- University of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Konstantin Evdokimov
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pisey Tan
- Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Phana Leab
- Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Rick Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Clarence C Tam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Yang Hsu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Turner
- Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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31
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Tamta S, O R VK, B S P, R K, Rupner RN, G E C, Dubal ZB, Sinha DK, Singh BR. Faecal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase(NDM) producing Escherichia coli between piglets and pig farmworkers. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101564. [PMID: 33120298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study on five organized pig farms was conducted to assess the faecal carriage of ESBL and blaNDM carbapenemase-producing E. coli in piglets and pig farmworkers. Faecal samples from piglets (n = 155) and pig farmworkers (n = 21) were processed for isolation and characterization of E. coli. A total of 124 E. coli isolates from piglets and 21 E. coli isolates pig farmworkers were recovered and screening for ESBL production showed that 44.4 % (55/124) of the isolates from piglets and 42.9 % (9/21) of the isolates from farmworkers were ESBL positive. The ESBL positive isolates from piglets and farmworkers harbored blaCTX-M and also co-harbored other beta-lactams, sulphonamide, quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes. Diarrhoeic (50%, 49/98) and crossbred piglets (52.7%, 39/74) harbored a significantly higher number of ESBL producing isolates than non-diarrhoeic (23.1 %, 6/26) and purebred piglets (32%, 16/50) (p < 0.05). Piglets and pig farmworkers harbored nine and two carbapenem-resistant isolates, respectively. Interestingly, two isolates from piglets and one isolate from farmworkers harbored the blaNDM gene. The blaNDM positive E. coli isolated from piglets and farmworkers of the same farm revealed similar antibacterial resistance patterns, resistant genes, sequence (ST-167) and plasmid type (IncX3). In India, carbapenems are not used in food animal treatment, hence carbapenem resistant E. coli in piglets possibly originated from the human contact or common environment and is of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Tamta
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vinodh Kumar O R
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India.
| | - Pruthvishree B S
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College, Gadag, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthikeyan R
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ramkumar N Rupner
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Chethan G E
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Mizoram, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - D K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - B R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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32
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Van Gompel L, Luiken REC, Hansen RB, Munk P, Bouwknegt M, Heres L, Greve GD, Scherpenisse P, Jongerius-Gortemaker BGM, Tersteeg-Zijderveld MHG, García-Cobos S, Dohmen W, Dorado-García A, Wagenaar JA, Urlings BAP, Aarestrup FM, Mevius DJ, Heederik DJJ, Schmitt H, Bossers A, Smit LAM. Description and determinants of the faecal resistome and microbiome of farmers and slaughterhouse workers: A metagenome-wide cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105939. [PMID: 32679392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By studying the entire human faecal resistome and associated microbiome, the diversity and abundance of faecal antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) can be comprehensively characterized. Prior culture-based studies have shown associations between occupational exposure to livestock and carriage of specific antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Using shotgun metagenomics, the present study investigated 194 faecal resistomes and bacteriomes from humans occupationally exposed to ARGs in livestock (i.e. pig and poultry farmers, employees and family members and pig slaughterhouse workers) and a control population (Lifelines cohort) in the Netherlands. In addition, we sought to identify determinants for the human resistome and bacteriome composition by applying a combination of multivariate (NMDS, PERMANOVA, SIMPER and DESeq2 analysis) and multivariable regression analysis techniques. RESULTS Pig slaughterhouse workers and pig farmers carried higher total ARG abundances in their stools compared to broiler farmers and control subjects. Tetracycline, β-lactam and macrolide resistance gene clusters dominated the resistome of all studied groups. No significant resistome alpha diversity differences were found among the four populations. However, the resistome beta diversity showed a separation of the mean resistome composition of pig and pork exposed workers from broiler farmers and controls, independent of their antimicrobial use. We demonstrated differences in resistome composition between slaughter line positions, pig versus poultry exposed workers, as well as differences between farmers and employees versus family members. In addition, we found a significant correlation between the bacteriome and resistome, and significant differences in the bacteriome composition between and within the studied subpopulations. Finally, an in-depth analysis of pig and poultry farms - of which also farm livestock resistomes were analysed - showed positive associations between the number of on-farm working hours and human faecal AMR loads. CONCLUSION We found that the total normalized faecal ARG carriage was larger in persons working in the Dutch pork production chain compared to poultry farmers and controls. Additionally, we showed significant differences in resistome and bacteriome composition of pig and pork exposed workers compared to a control group, as well as within-population (farms, slaughterhouse) compositional differences. The number of on-farm working hours and the farm type (pig or broiler) that persons live or work on are determinants for the human faecal resistome. Overall, our results may suggest direct or indirect livestock contact as a determinant for human ARG carriage. Future studies should further focus on the connection between the human and livestock resistome (i.e. transmission routes) to substantiate the evidence for livestock-associated resistome acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liese Van Gompel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Roosmarijn E C Luiken
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rasmus B Hansen
- Intomics A/S, Lottenborgvej 26, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Patrick Munk
- Section for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 204, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Lourens Heres
- Vion Food Group, Boseind 15, 5281 RM Boxtel, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdit D Greve
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Scherpenisse
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Betty G M Jongerius-Gortemaker
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique H G Tersteeg-Zijderveld
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia García-Cobos
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wietske Dohmen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Dorado-García
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frank M Aarestrup
- Section for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 204, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dik J Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A M Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Wu JY, Zhu YS, Guo C, Xia Y, Guo ZM, Li QL, Lu JH. A Comparative Study of Associated Microbiota Between Pig Farm and Pig Slaughterhouse in Guangdong, China. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3310-3320. [PMID: 32915289 PMCID: PMC7485193 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to compare the microbiota in different pig-present settings in China. Bioaerosol samples from pig farms and slaughterhouses and nasal samples from pig farmers and slaughterhouse workers were collected in Guangdong, southern China. The bacterial genomic DNA was isolated and subjected to 16S sequencing. The data were analyzed using QIIME2 with the DADA2 pipeline. A total of 14,923,551 clean reads and 2785 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained, which were mostly grouped into 4 phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria) and 220 families. The microbiota richness of nasal samples in pig-present workers was higher than that of bioaerosols collected in the vicinity of the pig enclosures. There were 31.7% (620/1954) shared OTUs between pig farm bioaerosols and pig farmers which was higher than that between pig slaughterhouses and slaughterhouse workers (23.4%, 364/1553) (p < 0.001). Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were the most abundant in pig-present bioaerosols, and Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Corynebacterium were dominant bacterial genus in pig farmers. The bacterial patterns are also specific to the location of sample collected. The results suggest that bioaerosol microbiota interact with human nasal microbes in the vicinity of the pig farm enclosures, providing the basis for further analysis of microbial transmission across hosts in pig-present settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan-Shan Zhu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Yao Xia
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhong-Min Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qian-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jia-Hai Lu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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van den Bunt G, van Pelt W, Hidalgo L, Scharringa J, de Greeff SC, Schürch AC, Mughini-Gras L, Bonten MJM, Fluit AC. Prevalence, risk factors and genetic characterisation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E and CPE): a community-based cross-sectional study, the Netherlands, 2014 to 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31615600 PMCID: PMC6794991 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.41.1800594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The epidemiology of carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in the general population is unknown. Aim In this observational study, the prevalence and risk factors for intestinal ESBL-E and CPE carriage in the Dutch general population were determined. ESBL-E were characterised. Methods From 2014 to 2016, ca 2,000 residents were invited monthly to complete a questionnaire and provide a faecal sample, which was tested for ESBL-E. The first 1,758 samples were also tested for CPE. Risk factors for ESBL-E carriage were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. ESBL-E isolates underwent whole genome sequencing. Results Of 47,957 individuals invited, 4,177 (8.7%) completed the questionnaire and provided a faecal sample. ESBL-E were detected in 186 (4.5%) individuals, resulting in an adjusted prevalence of 5.0% (95% confidence interval (CI):3.4–6.6%). Risk factors were: born outside the Netherlands (odds ratio (OR): 1.99; 95% CI: 1.16−4.54), eating in restaurants > 20 times/year (OR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.04−2.76), antibiotic use < 6 months ago (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.05−4.03), swimming in sea/ocean < 12 months ago (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.11−2.39), travelling to Africa (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.23−7.46) or Asia (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.02−3.90) < 12 months ago, and not changing kitchen towels daily (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.24−3.87). The last had the largest population attributable risk (PAR) (47.5%). Eighty-four of 189 (44.4%) ESBL-E isolates carried blaCTX-M-15. Escherichia coli isolates belonged to 70 different sequence types (ST)s, of which ST131 (42/178 isolates; 23.6%) was most prevalent. Associations were observed between IncFIA plasmids and ST131 and blaCTX-M-27, and between IncI1 and ST88 and blaCTX-M-1. No CPE were detected. Conclusions The prevalence of ESBL-E carriage in the Netherlands’ community-dwelling population is 5.0%. Identified risk factors were mostly travelling (particularly to Asia and Africa) and kitchen hygiene. CPE were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrita van den Bunt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfrid van Pelt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Hidalgo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Scharringa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine C de Greeff
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anita C Schürch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lapo Mughini-Gras
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ad C Fluit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Li Y, Ma X, Li C, Dai X, Zhang L. Occurrence and genomic characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli ST29 strains from swine with abundant virulence genes. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104483. [PMID: 32918980 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Food-production animals were considered to be a major reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and clinically relevant pathogens. The potential of commensal Escherichia coli from pigs as a source of opportunistic pathogens associated with extraintestinal infections in humans needs to be assessed. In this study, 13 E. coli isolates from an intensive pig farm in China were analyzed using whole genome sequencing followed by in-depth in silico analysis. Genomic analysis showed comprehensive antimicrobial resistance profiles, with each isolate carrying between 4 and 22 antimicrobial resistance genes. Although these E. coli isolates were assigned to low-virulence phylogroup A and B1, 31 different virulence genes were detected at least once in the 13 sequenced isolates. Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli-associated virulence genes, including iss, iha, tsh and iroN, were found in commensal E. coli isolates in this study. Of note, a large number of virulence genes (n = 22) were identified in ESBL-producing E. coli sequence type (ST) 29 isolates. Our study revealed the presence of comprehensive antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profiles in commensal E. coli isolates of pigs. The emerged ESBL-producing E. coli ST 29 isolates harboring a high abundance of VAGs highlighted that this new clonal linage may pose a threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengwen Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Dai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Köper LM, Bode C, Bender A, Reimer I, Heberer T, Wallmann J. Eight years of sales surveillance of antimicrobials for veterinary use in Germany-What are the perceptions? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237459. [PMID: 32776971 PMCID: PMC7416935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A surveillance system for sales volumes of antimicrobial agents for veterinary use was established in Germany in 2011. Since then, pharmaceutical companies and wholesalers have been legally obliged to report annual volumes of veterinary antimicrobial products sold to veterinary practices or clinics located in Germany. The evaluation of sales volumes for eight consecutive years resulted in a considerable total decrease by 58% from 1706 tons to 722 tons. During the investigation period, two legally binding measures to control the risk of antimicrobial resistance resulting from the veterinary use of antimicrobials were introduced, a) the German treatment frequencies benchmarking in 2014 and b) the obligation to conduct susceptibility testing for the use of cephalosporins of the 3rd and 4th generation and of fluoroquinolones in 2018. Both had a marked impact on sales volumes. Nonetheless, the category of Critically Important Antimicrobials as defined by the World Health Organization kept accounting for the highest share on sales volumes in Germany in 2018 with 403 tons, despite an overall reduction by 53%. Sales surveillance is considered essential for data retrieval on a global scale and inter-country comparison. However, the usability of a surveillance system based on sales data for risk management of antimicrobial resistance has limitations. The German system does not include off-label use of antimicrobial products authorized for human medicine and does not allow for identification of areas of high risk according to animal species, farm and production types and indications for treatment. For further reduction and enhanced promotion of a prudent use of antimicrobials, targeted measures would be required that could only be deducted from use data collected at farm or veterinary practice level. A surveillance system based on use data is currently lacking in Germany but will be established according to Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M. Köper
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Bender
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Inke Reimer
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Heberer
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wallmann
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
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High Prevalence and Diversity of Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Including Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli CC648 Lineage in Rural and Urban Dogs in Northwest Spain. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080468. [PMID: 32752283 PMCID: PMC7460362 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in fecal samples recovered from rural and urban healthy dogs in Northwest Spain (Galicia) to identify potential high-risk clones and to molecularly characterize positive isolates regarding the genes coding for ESBL/pAmpC resistance and virulence. Thirty-five (19.6%) out of 179 dogs were positive for cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichiacoli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (39 and three isolates, respectively). All the isolates were multidrug resistant, with high rates of resistance to different drugs, including ciprofloxacin (71.4%). A wide diversity of ESBL/pAmpC enzymes, as well as E. coli phylogroups (A, B1, C, D, E, F and clade I) were found. The eight isolates (20.5%) found to conform to the ExPEC status, belonged to clones O1:H45-clade I-ST770 (CH11-552), O18:H11-A-ST93-CC168 (CH11-neg), O23:H16-B1-ST453-CC86 (CH6-31), and O83:H42-F-ST1485-CC648 (CH231-58), with the latter also complying the uropathogenic (UPEC) status. The three K. pneumoniae recovered produced CTX-M-15 and belonged to the ST307, a clone previously reported in human clinical isolates. Our study highlights the potential role of both rural and urban dogs as a reservoir of high-risk Enterobacteriaceae clones, such as the CC648 of E. coli and antimicrobial resistance traits. Within a One-Health approach, their surveillance should be a priority in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
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Hordijk J, Fischer EAJ, van Werven T, Sietsma S, Van Gompel L, Timmerman AJ, Spaninks MP, Heederik DJJ, Nielen M, Wagenaar JA, Stegeman A. Dynamics of faecal shedding of ESBL- or AmpC-producing Escherichia coli on dairy farms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1531-1538. [PMID: 30753489 PMCID: PMC6524482 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the dynamics of faecal ESBL/AmpC shedding in dairy cattle and farmers, a study was conducted to examine changes in shedding by individual animals, as well as environmental exposure, and to study the association between antimicrobial use (AMU) and ESBL/AmpC shedding. Methods The study comprised a cross-sectional survey of 20 farms and a 1 year follow-up of 10 farms. Faecal samples were cultured by both direct inoculation on MacConkey agar + 1 mg/L cefotaxime (MC+) and enrichment in LB-broth + 1 mg/L cefotaxime with subsequent inoculation on MC+. Dust samples were collected using electrostatic dustfall collectors (EDCs). Human faecal samples were collected by the farmers. Presence of ESBL/AmpC genes was screened for by PCR and sequencing. Using mixed effects logistic regression, ORs were determined and population-attributable fractions (PAFs) calculated subsequently. Results In Phase 1, 8/20 farms were positive for ESBL/AmpC and, with 2 negative farms, were selected for Phase 2. Transient shedding of dominant allele variants was observed in the animals. EDCs and human faecal samples did not reflect what was observed in the animals. AMU was related to shedding of ESBLs in the next sampling moment [OR 14.6 (95% CI 3.0–80.0)] and the PAF of AMU was 0.36 (95% CI 0.08–0.77). Calves fed with colostrum from cows on dry-off therapy was not a risk factor [OR 1.7 (95% CI 0.7–4.9, P = 0.28)]. Conclusions The presence of ESBL/AmpC could only be partly explained by AMU. No link was shown between shedding in cattle and humans or the environment. Interventions should focus on prevention of introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Egil A J Fischer
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tine van Werven
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Farm Animal Practice (ULP), Harmelen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Sietsma
- University Farm Animal Practice (ULP), Harmelen, The Netherlands
| | - Liese Van Gompel
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen J Timmerman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirlin P Spaninks
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Nielen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Stegeman
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Adefioye OJ, Weinreich J, Rödiger S, Schierack P, Olowe OA. Phylogenetic Characterization and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli from Food-Producing Animals, Beef, and Humans in Southwest Nigeria. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:111-120. [PMID: 32522073 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains are emerging globally in both humans and animals. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and ESBL screening were performed on pure cultures of 216 E. coli isolates from human and animal fecal samples as well as beef. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of resistance genes. Representative isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli were randomly selected for multilocus sequence typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Sixty of the isolates were identified as ESBL producers, and seven resistance genes were amplified in them: TEM (61.7%), blaCTX-M-15 (51.7%), AAC-6-LB (43.3%), blaCTX-M-1 (38.3%), blaCTX-M-9 (33.3%), blaCTX-M-2 (21.7%), and SHV (11.7%); they were classified into four phylogroups: A (25%), B1 (45%), B2 (20%), and D (10%). Thirty of these isolates were clustered into 10 sequence types with ST131 being mostly prevalent. Six PFGE types were discovered, each of which was shared by isolates from different subjects and had the same phylogroups and resistance gene profiles. There was a dissemination of PFGE types across various groups among humans, animals, and beef. This underlines the fact that the spread of ESBL E. coli could be from humans to animals, from animals to humans, as well as across animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusolabomi J Adefioye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Jörg Weinreich
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Olugbenga Adekunle Olowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria
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Association of intestinal colonization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in poultry slaughterhouse workers with occupational exposure-A German pilot study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232326. [PMID: 32497054 PMCID: PMC7272067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteria that have acquired antimicrobial resistance, in particular ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, are an important healthcare concern. Therefore, transmission routes and risk factors are of interest, especially for the carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli. Since there is an enhanced risk for pig slaughterhouse employees to carry ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, associated with animal contact as potential risk factor, the present study investigated the occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in poultry slaughterhouse employees. Due to the higher level of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in primary poultry production than in pig production, a higher risk of intestinal colonization of poultry slaughterhouse employees was expected. Results ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 5.1% (5 of 99) of the fecal samples of slaughterhouse workers. The species of these isolates was confirmed as E. coli. PCR assays revealed the presence of the genes blaCTX-M-15 (n = 2) and blaSHV-12 (n = 3) in these isolates, partly in combination with the β-lactamase gene blaTEM-135. Participants were divided into two groups according to their occupational exposure and results indicated an increased probability of colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae for the group of ‘higher exposure’ (OR 3.7, exact 95% CI 0.6–23.5; p = 0.4). For intestinal colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, a prevalence of 10% (3/30) was observed in the group of ‘higher exposure’ versus 2.9% (2/69) in the group of ‘lower exposure’. Employees in working steps such as ‘hanging’ poultry in the process of slaughter and ‘evisceration’ seemed to have a higher risk for intestinal colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae compared to the group of ‘lower exposure’. Conclusion This study is the first of its kind to collect data on the occupational exposure of slaughterhouse workers to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. The results suggested that colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is associated with occupational exposure in poultry slaughterhouses. However, the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in only 5.1% (5/99) of the tested employees in poultry slaughterhouses suggests a lower transmission risk than in pig slaughterhouses.
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Larouche É, Généreux M, Tremblay MÈ, Rhouma M, Gasser MO, Quessy S, Côté C. Impact of liquid hog manure applications on antibiotic resistance genes concentration in soil and drainage water in field crops. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:549-561. [PMID: 32330390 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural practices such as manure applications could contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within the environment. Our objective was to assess the impact of certain fertilization methods (mineral or manure) and tillage practices (reduced or conventional) on the presence of ARGs and bacteria in soil and drainage water under wheat and grain corn crops. Targeted ARGs tet(T), sul1, and blaCTX-M-1 in liquid hog manure, soil, and water samples were quantified by qPCR. Conventional PCR was used to detect mcr-1 and mcr-2. ARGs in control plots were detected despite the absence of manure, representing an environmental reservoir of resistant microorganisms. The manure application rate higher than 39 m3/ha increased tet(T) and sul1 gene concentrations in soil for more than 180 days. Tillage practices had no impact on ARG concentrations in soil and water samples. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was only detected in seven water samples in 2016, but no link was established with the treatments. The mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes were not detected in all tested samples. This study demonstrated that tet(T) and sul1 gene concentrations increased in soil after liquid hog manure application as well as in drainage water in the next weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élodie Larouche
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 335 Vingt-Cinq East Road, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC J3V 0G7, Canada
| | - Mylène Généreux
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 335 Vingt-Cinq East Road, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC J3V 0G7, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 2700 Einstein Street, QC G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Mohamed Rhouma
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte Street, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Gasser
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 2700 Einstein Street, QC G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte Street, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Caroline Côté
- Research and Development Institute for the Agri-environment, 335 Vingt-Cinq East Road, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC J3V 0G7, Canada
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Tamta S, Kumar ORV, Singh SV, Pruthvishree BS, Karthikeyan R, Rupner R, Sinha DK, Singh BR. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets and pig farm workers of selected organized farms of India. Vet World 2020; 13:360-363. [PMID: 32255980 PMCID: PMC7096294 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.360-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are gradually increasing worldwide and carry a serious public threat. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from fecal samples of piglets and pig farm workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fecal samples from <3-month-old piglets (n=156) and farm workers (n=21) were processed for the isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli in MacConkey agar added with 1 µg/mL of cefotaxime. E. coli (piglets=124; farm workers=21) were tested for ESBL production by combined disk method and ESBL E-strip test. Each of the ESBL-positive isolate was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. The ESBL-producing E. coli were further processed for genotypic confirmation to CTX-M gene. RESULTS A total of 55 (44.4%, 55/124) and nine (42.9%, 9/21) ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from piglets and farm workers, respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the ESBL-positive E. coli isolates from piglets and farm workers showed 100% resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, and cefpodoxime. A proportion of 100% (55/55) and 88.9% (8/9) ESBL-positive E. coli were multidrug resistance (MDR) in piglets and farm workers, respectively. On genotypic screening of the ESBL E. coli isolated from piglets (n=55), 15 were positive for the bla CTX-M gene and of the nine ESBL E. coli from farm workers, none were positive for the bla CTX-M gene. CONCLUSION Although there was no significant difference in isolation of ESBL-producing E. coli between piglets and farm workers, the ESBL-positive E. coli from piglets showed relatively higher MDR than farm workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Tamta
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Shiv Varan Singh
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ravichandran Karthikeyan
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramkumar Rupner
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhoj Raj Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lee S, Mir RA, Park SH, Kim D, Kim HY, Boughton RK, Morris JG, Jeong KC. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the local farm environment and livestock: challenges to mitigate antimicrobial resistance. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:1-14. [PMID: 31976793 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1715339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of antibiotics has been challenged by the increasing frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AR), which has emerged as a major threat to global health. Despite the negative impact of AR on health, there are few effective strategies for reducing AR in food-producing animals. Of the antimicrobial resistant microorganisms (ARMs), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are an emerging global threat due to their increasing prevalence in livestock, even in animals raised without antibiotics. Many reviews are available for the positive selection of AR associated with antibiotic use in livestock, but less attention has been given to how other factors including soil, water, manure, wildlife, and farm workers, are associated with the emergence of ESBL-producing bacteria. Understanding of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria transfer at the interfaces of livestock and other potential reservoirs will provide insights for the development of mitigation strategies for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Lee
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raies A Mir
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, and Korean Genomics Industrialization and Commercialization Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Raoul K Boughton
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Ona, FL, USA
| | - J Glenn Morris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kwangcheol C Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Institute of Life Sciences and Resources and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung-Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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44
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Wang S, Xu L, Chi X, Li Y, Kou Z, Hou P, Xie H, Bi Z, Zheng B. Emergence of NDM-1- and CTX-M-3-Producing Raoultella ornithinolytica in Human Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2678. [PMID: 31824461 PMCID: PMC6883284 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Raoultella ornithinolytica is an opportunistic pathogen of the Enterobacteriaceae family and has been implicated in nosocomial infections in recent years. The aim of this study was to characterize a carbapenemase-producing R. ornithinolytica isolate and three extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing R. ornithinolytica isolates from stool samples of adults in a rural area of Shandong Province, China. The species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all four isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The whole genome sequence (WGS) of these isolates was determined using an Illumina HiSeq platform, which revealed MDR-related genes. The S1 nuclease-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) was used to characterize the plasmids carried by the R. ornithinolytica isolates. The blaNDM-1 and blaCTX-M-3 genes were probed using Southern blotting, which confirmed the location of both genes on the same plasmid with molecular weight of 336.5–398.4 kb. The transferability of blaNDM-1 and blaCTX-M was also confirmed by conjugation assays. Finally, BLAST analysis of both genes showed that mobile genetic elements were associated with the spread of drug resistance genes. Taken together, we report the presence of conjugative blaNDM-1 and blaCTX-M plasmids in R. ornithinolytica isolates from healthy humans, which indicate the possibility of inter-species transfer of drug resistance genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and characterize carbapenemase-producing R. ornithinolytica and ESBL-producing R. ornithinolytica isolates from healthy human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Bacterial Infection Disease Control of Institute, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Liuchen Xu
- Bacterial Infection Disease Control of Institute, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Chi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Bacterial Infection Disease Control of Institute, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Zengqiang Kou
- Bacterial Infection Disease Control of Institute, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Peibin Hou
- Bacterial Infection Disease Control of Institute, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Hengjie Xie
- Department of Supervise Sampling, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenwang Bi
- Bacterial Infection Disease Control of Institute, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China.,Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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45
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Gundran RS, Cardenio PA, Salvador RT, Sison FB, Benigno CC, Kreausukon K, Pichpol D, Punyapornwithaya V. Prevalence, Antibiogram, and Resistance Profile of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Pig Farms in Luzon, Philippines. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:160-168. [PMID: 31532307 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, antibiogram, and resistance profile of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) isolates from healthy pigs and pig farms in Luzon, Philippines. A total of 162 rectal samples from healthy finisher and breeder pigs and boot swab samples from pig houses were collected from 54 randomly selected pig farms. Bacteria were isolated and screened using MacConkey agar plate supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime. Identification of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility test were carried out through Vitek® 2 and combined disk test. PCR amplifications were carried out in all isolates targeting blaCTX-M and its five major groupings, blaTEM, and blaSHV. The farm prevalence of ESBL-EC was 57.41% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 43.21-70.77). A total of 48 (29.63%) ESBL-EC isolates were isolated from samples that showed 14 different phenotypic multidrug resistance patterns. The prevalence of blaCTX-M gene was 91.67% (95% CI = 80.02-97.68). All major blaCTX-M-groups except blaCTX-M-25group were detected. The blaCTX-M-1 was the most prevalent blaCTX-M gene, 75.0% (95% CI = 60.40-86.36). The prevalence of blaTEM and blaSHV genes was 91.67% (95% CI = 80.02-97.68) and 60.42% (95% CI = 45.27-74.23), respectively. Coexistence of different blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes was observed in 44 isolates with 20 different genotypic patterns. High prevalence, diverse antibiogram profile, and genotypic resistance pattern of ESBL-EC isolates from healthy pigs and pig farms were observed in this study that could result in possible transmission to farm workers, susceptible bacteria, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo S Gundran
- College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Paul A Cardenio
- College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Roderick T Salvador
- College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Fredelon B Sison
- College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Carolyn C Benigno
- Philippine College of Veterinary Epidemiologists and PHILVET Health Services, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Duangporn Pichpol
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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46
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Verkola M, Pietola E, Järvinen A, Lindqvist K, Kinnunen PM, Heikinheimo A. Low prevalence of zoonotic multidrug-resistant bacteria in veterinarians in a country with prudent use of antimicrobials in animals. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:667-678. [PMID: 31232511 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria in animals has been increasing worldwide. Working in close contact with livestock increases the risk of carriage of these bacteria. We investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL/pAmpC-PE) and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in Finnish veterinarians (n = 320). In addition to microbiological samples, background information was collected. Bacterial whole genome sequencing was performed to deduce sequence types (STs), spa types and resistance genes of the isolates. In total, 3.0% (9/297) of the veterinarians carried ESBL producing Escherichia coli, with one ESBL producing E. coli isolate producing also AmpC. Seven different STs, sequences of several different plasmid groups as well as several different blaESBL/pAmpC genes existed in different combinations. No carbapenemase or colistin resistance genes were detected. MRSA was detected in 0.3% (1/320) of the samples. The strain belonged to LA-MRSA clonal complex (CC) 398 (ST398, spa type 011, lacking Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes). In conclusion, this study shows low carriage of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria in Finnish veterinarians. However, finding LA-MRSA for the first time in a sample from a veterinarian in a country with prudent use of animal antimicrobials and regarding the recent rise of LA-MRSA on Finnish pig farms, a strong recommendation to protect people working in close contact with animals carrying LA-MRSA CC398 is given. Further studies are needed to explain why the prevalence of LA-MRSA in veterinarians is lower in Finland than in other European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Verkola
- Elintarvikehygienian ja ympäristöterveyden osasto, Eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Pietola
- Elintarvikehygienian ja ympäristöterveyden osasto, Eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asko Järvinen
- Infektiosairauksien linja, Tulehduskeskus, Helsingin yliopistollinen keskussairaala ja Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Lindqvist
- Yliopistopalvelut, Lähipalvelutiimi Viikki, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula M Kinnunen
- Eläinlääketieteellisten biotieteiden osasto, Eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland.,Ruokavirasto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annamari Heikinheimo
- Elintarvikehygienian ja ympäristöterveyden osasto, Eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta, Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland.,Ruokavirasto, Helsinki, Finland
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47
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Tenhagen BA, Werner N, Käsbohrer A, Kreienbrock L. [Transmission pathways for resistant bacteria between animals and humans: antibiotics resistance in the One Health context]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2019; 61:515-521. [PMID: 29616289 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-018-2717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
People and animals share the same environment and antibiotics are used in both. Thus, antibiotics resistance is a major common issue for human and veterinary medicine. The potential impact of antibiotics use in animals on resistance in humans is frequently the focus of debate. In this paper the transmission pathways of resistant bacteria between animals and humans are described and the question is addressed whether a reduction in antibiotics use in animals contributes to the improvement of the resistance situation in humans. Direct contact between humans and animals, transmission of bacteria via food, and indirect transmission via emissions in the environment and the subsequent exposure of humans via the environment are the major transmission routes to be considered. It can thus be established that the relevance of these various transmission routes varies significantly among bacterial species. Furthermore, despite numerous investigations, the exact significance of transmission pathways and the bacteria transferred for the resistance situation in humans cannot yet be precisely quantified. There is evidence that antibiotics use in animals fosters the spread of resistant organisms in animals. Recent studies also suggest that there might be a relationship between antibiotics use in animals and the occurrence of resistance in humans. However, this relationship is complex, and for a better understanding of it and the role of the various transmission pathways, further collaborative studies between veterinary and medical science are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd-Alois Tenhagen
- Fachgruppe Epidemiologie, Zoonosen und Antibiotikaresistenz, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Nicole Werner
- Institut für Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informationsverarbeitung, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Fachgruppe Epidemiologie, Zoonosen und Antibiotikaresistenz, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland.,Institut für Öffentliches Veterinärwesen, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Institut für Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informationsverarbeitung, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
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48
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Dorado-García A, Smid JH, van Pelt W, Bonten MJM, Fluit AC, van den Bunt G, Wagenaar JA, Hordijk J, Dierikx CM, Veldman KT, de Koeijer A, Dohmen W, Schmitt H, Liakopoulos A, Pacholewicz E, Lam TJGM, Velthuis AG, Heuvelink A, Gonggrijp MA, van Duijkeren E, van Hoek AHAM, de Roda Husman AM, Blaak H, Havelaar AH, Mevius DJ, Heederik DJJ. Molecular relatedness of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from humans, animals, food and the environment: a pooled analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:339-347. [PMID: 29165596 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC-EC) have been isolated with increasing frequency from animals, food, environmental sources and humans. With incomplete and scattered evidence, the contribution to the human carriage burden from these reservoirs remains unclear. Objectives To quantify molecular similarities between different reservoirs as a first step towards risk attribution. Methods Pooled data on ESBL/AmpC-EC isolates were recovered from 35 studies in the Netherlands comprising >27 000 samples, mostly obtained between 2005 and 2015. Frequency distributions of ESBL/AmpC genes from 5808 isolates and replicons of ESBL/AmpC-carrying plasmids from 812 isolates were compared across 22 reservoirs through proportional similarity indices (PSIs) and principal component analyses (PCAs). Results Predominant ESBL/AmpC genes were identified in each reservoir. PCAs and PSIs revealed close human-animal ESBL/AmpC gene similarity between human farming communities and their animals (broilers and pigs) (PSIs from 0.8 to 0.9). Isolates from people in the general population had higher similarities to those from human clinical settings, surface and sewage water and wild birds (0.7-0.8), while similarities to livestock or food reservoirs were lower (0.3-0.6). Based on rarefaction curves, people in the general population had more diversity in ESBL/AmpC genes and plasmid replicon types than those in other reservoirs. Conclusions Our 'One Health' approach provides an integrated evaluation of the molecular relatedness of ESBL/AmpC-EC from numerous sources. The analysis showed distinguishable ESBL/AmpC-EC transmission cycles in different hosts and failed to demonstrate a close epidemiological linkage of ESBL/AmpC genes and plasmid replicon types between livestock farms and people in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Dorado-García
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80175, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H Smid
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80175, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfrid van Pelt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad C Fluit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrita van den Bunt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Hordijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy M Dierikx
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kees T Veldman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Aline de Koeijer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Dohmen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80175, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80175, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewa Pacholewicz
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80175, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J G M Lam
- GD Animal Health, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Annet G Velthuis
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Annet Heuvelink
- GD Animal Health, PO Box 9, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands
| | | | - Engeline van Duijkeren
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Angela H A M van Hoek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80175, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty Blaak
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arie H Havelaar
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80175, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, Emerging Pathogens Institute and Animal Sciences Department, University of Florida, PO Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dik J Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J J Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, PO Box 80175, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Antibiotic resistance in grass and soil. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:477-486. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the greatest threats to human health. The global overuse of antibiotics in human medicine and in agriculture has resulted in the proliferation and dissemination of a multitude of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Despite a large proportion of antibiotics being used in agriculture, little is understood about how this may contribute to the overall antibiotic resistance crisis. The use of manure in agriculture is a traditional and widespread practice and is essential for returning nutrients to the soil; however, the impact of continuous manure application on the environmental microbiome and resistome is unknown. The use of antibiotics in animal husbandry in therapeutic and sub-therapeutic doses creates a selective pressure for ARGs in the gut microbiome of the animal, which is then excreted in the faeces. Therefore, the application of manure to agricultural land is a potential route for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from livestock to crops, animals and humans. It is of vital importance to understand the mechanisms behind ARG enrichment and its maintenance both on the plant and within the soil microbiome to mitigate the spread of this resistance to animals and humans. Understanding this link between human health, animal health, plant health and the environment is crucial to inform implementation of new regulations and practice regarding antibiotic use in agriculture and manure application, aimed at ensuring the antibiotic resistance crisis is not aggravated.
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50
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Yang F, Zhang K, Zhi S, Li J, Tian X, Gu Y, Zhou J. High prevalence and dissemination of β-lactamase genes in swine farms in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2507-2513. [PMID: 30336440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactamase (extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC/carbapenemase)-encoding genes, primarily discovered in clinical settings, are increasingly recovering from the environment, thus posing potential threats to public health. This paper addresses the occurrence of high-risk β-lactamase genes (bla genes) in Chinese swine farm and its surrounding farmland, and investigated their seasonal variation and fate in piggery wastewater treatment system (PWWTS) using real-time quantitative PCR. It is observed that blaTEM-1, blaGES-1,blaOXA-1 and blaAmpC were the dominant bla genes in swine farms, which were present in all pig feces, and prevailed through each treatment stage of PWWTSs. Furthermore, bla genes were more abundant in winter than that in summer, with 0.01-1.65 logs variation in swine wastewater. Troublesomely, significant bla gene levels were still discharged via the final effluents (up to 106 copies/mL) into farmland, resulting in the increase of bla gene abundance in soil (approximately 1-3 orders of magnitude). The discharge of bla genes in wastewater from swine farm highlights the need to mitigate the persistence and spreading of these elevated bla genes in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Suli Zhi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xueli Tian
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yanru Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin 150036, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin 150036, China
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