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Saidenberg ABS, Edslev SM, Hallstrøm S, Rasmussen A, Park DE, Aziz M, Dos Santos Queiroz B, Baptista AAS, Barbosa F, Rocha VGP, van Vliet AHM, Dalsgaard A, Price LB, Knöbl T, Stegger M. Escherichia coli ST117: exploring the zoonotic hypothesis. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0046624. [PMID: 39235965 PMCID: PMC11448156 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00466-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) can lead to severe infections, with additional risks of increasing antimicrobial resistance rates. Genotypic similarities between ExPEC and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) support a possible role for a poultry meat reservoir in human disease. Some genomic studies have been done on the ST117 lineage which contaminates poultry meat, carries multidrug resistance, can be found in the human intestinal microbiota, and causes human extraintestinal disease. This study analyzed the genomes of 61 E. coli from Brazilian poultry outbreaks focusing on ST117, to further define its possible zoonotic characteristics by genotypic and phylogenomic analyses, along with 1,699 worldwide ST117 isolates originating from human, animal, and environment sources. A predominance of ST117 was detected in the Brazilian isolates (n = 20/61) frequently carrying resistance to critical antibiotics (>86%) linked to IncFII, IncI1, or IncX4 replicons. High similarities were found between IncX4 from Brazilian outbreaks and those from E. coli recovered from imported Brazilian poultry meat and human clinical cases. The ST117 phylogeny showed non-specificity according to host and continent and an AMR index score indicated the highest resistance in Asia and South America, with the latter statistically more resistant and overrepresented with resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Most ST117 human isolates were predicted to have a poultry origin (93%, 138/148). In conclusion, poultry is a likely source for zoonotic ExPEC strains, particularly the ST117 lineage which can also serve as a reservoir for resistance determinants against critical antibiotics encoded on highly transmissible plasmids. IMPORTANCE Certain extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are particularly important as they affect humans and animals. Lineages, such as ST117, are predominant in poultry and frequent carriers of antibiotic resistance, presenting a risk to humans handling or ingesting poultry products. We analyzed ExPEC isolates causing outbreaks in Brazilian poultry, focusing on the ST117 as the most detected lineage. Genomic comparisons with international isolates from humans and animals were performed describing the potential zoonotic profile. The Brazilian ST117 isolates carried resistance determinants against critical antibiotics, mainly on plasmids, in some cases identical to those carried by international isolates. South American ST117 isolates from all sources generally exhibit more resistance, including to critical antibiotics, and worldwide, the vast majority of human isolates belonging to this lineage have a predicted poultry origin. As the world's largest poultry exporter, Brazil has an important role in developing strategies to prevent the dissemination of multidrug-resistant zoonotic ExPEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B S Saidenberg
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, Brazil
- Section for Food Safety and Zoonoses, Institute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns Universitet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S M Edslev
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Hallstrøm
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Rasmussen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D E Park
- Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Aziz
- Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - A A S Baptista
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - F Barbosa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V G P Rocha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - A Dalsgaard
- Section for Food Safety and Zoonoses, Institute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns Universitet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L B Price
- Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - T Knöbl
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Antibiotic Resistance Action Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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Tresch S, Biggel M, Schnyder M, Nüesch-Inderbinen M, Stephan R. Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolated from fresh herbs and salads at retail level in Switzerland. J Food Prot 2024:100368. [PMID: 39366657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Fresh produce is usually consumed raw or minimally processed, making it a potential vehicle for transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microorganisms to humans. The objective of the study was to assess the occurrence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E and CPE), respectively, in 118 fresh herbs and 101 bagged salads collected at retail level in Switzerland and to characterize the isolates' phenotypic and genotypic properties using culture-based methods and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Of the fresh herbs, 6/118 contained ESBL-E and 7/118 yielded CPE. Of the salads, 13/101 contained ESBL-E and 1/101 CPE. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) identified 9/29 isolates as multidrug-resistant (MDR). ESBL-E were Escherichia coli (n=6), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4) Enterobacter chuandaensis (n=1), and Kluyvera spp. (n=1) carrying ß-lactamase (bla) genes belonging to the cefotaximase-München (blaCTX-M)-groups, Proteus spp. (n=1) containing Hôpital- Universitaire-de-Genève-bla (blahugA), Raoultella ornithinolytica (n=1) carrying sulfhydryl reagent variable bla (blaSHV), and Serratia fonticola (n=7) carrying S. fonticula bla (blaFONA) genes. CPE were Enterobacter asburiae (n=1) E. cloacae (n=6) and E. vonholyi (n=1) carrying imipenemase bla (blaIMI) genes. Several K. pneumoniae sequence types (STs) were identified (ST967, ST628, ST219, and ST1823), which have been linked to human disease and nosocomial outbreaks. They carried blaCTX-M-15 on plasmids detected globally in environmental and clinical samples. E. coli (ST10, ST48, ST609, ST2040, ST6215 and ST3580) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) ST2040 carrying blaCTX-M-15 were found. E. cloacae (ST820 and ST1516) with blaIMI-1 have been found previously in clinical settings and community outbreaks. The occurrence and consumption of fresh produce containing MDR ESBL-E and CPE pose substantial public health risks and raise significant food safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvan Tresch
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Biggel
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Schnyder
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Nüesch-Inderbinen
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 272, 8057 Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Yoginath Bhambure S, E Costa LIC, Gatty AM, Manjunatha KG, Vittal R, Sannejal AD. Unveiling the traits of antibiotic resistance and virulence in Escherichia coli obtained from poultry waste. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2997-3007. [PMID: 38809497 PMCID: PMC11405593 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) have become significant concerns, contributing to adverse environmental effects. The extensive use of antibiotics in poultry farming has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant APEC strains. This study prioritizes the molecular screening of APEC to uncover their antibiotic resistance and virulence attributes, with specific attention to their environmental impact. To address the imperative of understanding APEC pathogenesis, our study analyzed 50 poultry waste samples including 10 poultry litter, 15 fecal matter, 15 wastewater, and 10 anatomical waste samples. For the presence of virulence genes, 35 Escherichia coli isolates were subjected to molecular characterization. Amongst these, 27 were APEC strains demonstrating the presence of at least four virulence genes each. Notably, virulence genes such as fimH, ompA, ybjX, waaL, cvaC, hlyF, iss, ompT, and iroN were observed among all the E. coli isolates. Furthermore, eleven of the APEC strains exhibited resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, sulphonamides, and fluoroquinolones.These findings highlight the role of APEC as a potential source of environmental pollution serving as a reservoir for virulence and resistance genes. Understanding the dynamics of antibiotic resistance and virulence in APEC is essential due to its potential threat to broiler chickens and the broader population through the food chain, intensifying concerns related to environmental pollution. Recognizing the ecological impact of APEC is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate environmental pollution and safeguard the health of ecosystems and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Yoginath Bhambure
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Lakiesha Inacia Coelho E Costa
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Ashwitha M Gatty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Kavitha Guladahalli Manjunatha
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Rajeshwari Vittal
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Akhila Dharnappa Sannejal
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Jamali H, Akrami F, Bouakkaz S, Dozois CM. Prevalence of specific serogroups, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from clinical cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106843. [PMID: 39117015 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli infecting poultry, commonly called avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) present significant risks, to the health of both poultry and the general public. This systematic review aimed to examine the prevalence of APEC serotypes, sequence types (ST), phylogenetic groups, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns based on 189 research papers sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest. Then, data were extracted from the selected studies and analyzed to assess the global distribution and characteristics of APEC strains. The metaprop codes in the Meta and Metafor packages of R as implemented in RStudio were then used to conduct meta-analysis. Among APEC strains identified from these different research reports serogroup O78 had the highest overall prevalence (16 %), followed by serogroups O2 (10 %), and O117 (8 %). The most common ST profiles were ST117 (20 %), ST140 (15 %), ST95 (12 %), and ST131 (9 %). ST117 and ST140 are known reservoirs for pathogenic E. coli in humans. Moreover, phylogenetic assessment highlighted the prevalence of phylogroups A, A1, F, D, and B2 among APEC strains indicating diversity in phylogenetic origin within poultry populations. The presence of antimicrobial resistance was notable among APEC strains against antibiotics such as tetracyclines, penicillins, and cephalosporins. This resistance may be linked to use of antimicrobials in poultry production in certain regions presenting challenges for both animal health management and human infection control. Analysis of sequences linked to adherence or virulence indicated that genes encoding adhesins (csg, fimC), iron/metal uptake (sitB, sitC, iroD) and cytotoxicity (estB, hlyF), and serum resistance (traT, iss) were highly prevalent. These factors have been reported to contribute to APEC host colonization and virulence in poultry. In summary, this overview of the characteristics of APEC highlights the pressing importance of monitoring and implementing management approaches to reduce antimicrobial resistance considering that a phylogenetic diversity of E. coli strains causes infections in both poultry and humans and represents a risk to both animal and public health. Further, determining the major conserved aspects and predominant mechanisms of virulence of APEC is critical for improving diagnostics and developing preventative measures to reduce the burden of infection caused by pathogenic E. coli in poultry and lower risks associated with foodborne transmission of E. coli to humans through poultry and poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jamali
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Fariba Akrami
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Souhaib Bouakkaz
- École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 R. Notre Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Charles M Dozois
- Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Ketkhao P, Utrarachkij F, Parikumsil N, Poonchareon K, Kerdsin A, Ekchariyawat P, Narongpun P, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Suthienkul O. Phylogenetic diversity and virulence gene characteristics of Escherichia coli from pork and patients with urinary tract infections in Thailand. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307544. [PMID: 39052658 PMCID: PMC11271939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), especially uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs), while diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) cause foodborne illnesses. These pathogenic E. coli are a serious threat to human health and a public concern worldwide. However, the evidence on pork E. coli (PEC) harboring UPEC virulence-associated genes is currently limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the phylogroups, virulence genes, and their association between PEC and UPEC from UTI patients. In this study, 330 E. coli were obtained from archived stock culture isolated from pork (PEC; n = 165) and urine of patients with UTIs (UPEC; n = 165) during 2014-2022. Phylogroups, UPEC- and diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) associated virulence genes were assessed using PCR assays. The results showed that phylogroups A (50.3%), and B1 (32.1%) were commonly found among PEC whereas phylogroups B2 (41.8%), and C (25.5%) were commonly detected in the UPEC. PEC and UPEC carried similar virulence-associated genes with different percentages. The most frequent UPEC virulence-associated gene among UPEC, and PEC strains was fimH, (93.3%, and 92.1%), followed by iucC (55.2%, and 12.7%), papC (21.8%, and 4.2%), afaC (22.4%, and 0%), hlyCA (17%, and 0.6%), cnf (16.4%, and 0.6%), and sfa/focDE (8.5%, and 4.8%). Additionally, 6 of 27 UPEC virulence-associated gene patterns were found in both PEC and UPEC strains regardless of phylogroups. Furthermore, the DEC virulence-associated genes were found in only 3 strains, one from PEC harboring eae, and two from UPEC carried fimH-bfpA or afaC-CVD432 indicating hybrid strains. Cluster analysis showed a relationship between PEC and UPEC strains and demonstrated that PEC harboring UPEC virulence-associated genes in pork may be associated with UPEC in humans. Food safety and hygiene practices during pork production chain are important procedures for minimizing cross-contamination of these strains that could be transmitted to the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramualchai Ketkhao
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kritchai Poonchareon
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermprakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakhon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Peeraya Ekchariyawat
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawarut Narongpun
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, Japan
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Slettemeås JS, Sekse C, Sunde M, Norström M, Wester AL, Naseer U, Simonsen GS, Ulstad CR, Urdahl AM, Lagesen K. Comparative genomics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers and humans in Norway. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:248. [PMID: 38971718 PMCID: PMC11227169 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usage of fluoroquinolones in Norwegian livestock production is very low, including in broiler production. Historically, quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) isolated from Norwegian production animals rarely occur. However, with the introduction of a selective screening method for QREC in the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary sector in 2014; 89.5% of broiler caecal samples and 70.7% of broiler meat samples were positive. This triggered the concern if there could be possible links between broiler and human reservoirs of QREC. We are addressing this by characterizing genomes of QREC from humans (healthy carriers and patients) and broiler isolates (meat and caecum). RESULTS The most frequent mechanism for quinolone resistance in both broiler and human E. coli isolates were mutations in the chromosomally located gyrA and parC genes, although plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was also identified. There was some relatedness of the isolates within human and broiler groups, but little between these two groups. Further, some overlap was seen for isolates with the same sequence type isolated from broiler and humans, but overall, the SNP distance was high. CONCLUSION Based on data from this study, QREC from broiler makes a limited contribution to the incidence of QREC in humans in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla Sekse
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
| | - Marianne Sunde
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
| | | | - Astrid Louise Wester
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo, 0403, Norway
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Umaer Naseer
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. box 4404, Nydalen, Oslo, 0403, Norway
| | - Gunnar Skov Simonsen
- University Hospital of North Norway, Breivika, Tromsø, 9038, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Karin Lagesen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. box 64, Ås, 1431, Norway
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Heidari A, Emami MH, Maghool F, Mohammadzadeh S, Kadkhodaei Elyaderani P, Safari T, Fahim A, Kamali Dolatabadi R. Molecular epidemiology, antibiotic resistance profile and frequency of integron 1 and 2 in adherent-invasive Escherichia coli isolates of colorectal cancer patients. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1366719. [PMID: 38939191 PMCID: PMC11208319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1366719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the prevalence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and investigates the potential of effective intracellular antibiotics as a therapeutic strategy for CRC patients with AIEC infections. Considering the pivotal role of integrons in bacterial antibiotic resistance, the frequency of class 1 and 2 integrons in AIEC isolated from CRC patients, in one of the referenced 3 gastroenterology clinics in Isfahan, Iran was examined. AIEC strains were isolated from the colorectal biopsies and their antimicrobial sensitivity was assessed using the disc diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect intl1 and intl2. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method was utilized to type 10 selected isolates. Of the 150 samples, 24 were identified as AIEC, with the highest number isolated from CRC2 (33.4%) and CRC1 (29.16%), and the least from the FH group (8.3%) and control group (12.5%). int1 in 79.2% and int2 in 45.8% of AIEC strains were found and 41.6% of strains had both integrons. AIEC isolates with int1 exhibited the highest sensitivity to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (57.9%), while those with int2 showed the highest sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (63.6%). A significant association between resistance to rifampin and integron 2 presence in AIEC isolates was observed. Furthermore, a significant correlation between integron 1 presence, invasion, survival, and replication within macrophages in AIEC strains was identified. MLST analysis revealed ST131 from CC131 with integron 1 as the most common sequence type (ST). The emergence of such strains in CRC populations poses a serious public health threat. The distribution pattern of STs varied among studied groups, with pandemic STs highlighting the importance of examining and treating patients infected with these isolates. Comprehensive prospective clinical investigations are warranted to assess the prognostic value of detecting this pathovar in CRC and to evaluate therapeutic techniques targeting drug-resistant AIECs, such as phage therapy, bacteriocins, and anti-adhesion compounds, for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Heidari
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emami
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Maghool
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samane Mohammadzadeh
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Tahereh Safari
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Fahim
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razie Kamali Dolatabadi
- Department of Medicine, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
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Wang Q, Han YY, Zhang TJ, Chen X, Lin H, Wang HN, Lei CW. Whole-genome sequencing of Escherichia coli from retail meat in China reveals the dissemination of clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110634. [PMID: 38401379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), which often causes food-borne diseases and clinical infections. Contamination with E. coli carrying clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes in retail meat products can be transmitted to humans through the food chain, posing a serious threat to public health. In this study, a total of 330 E. coli strains were isolated from 464 fresh meat samples from 17 food markets in China, two of which were identified as enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E. coli. Whole genome sequencing revealed the presence of 146 different sequence types (STs) including 20 new STs, and 315 different clones based on the phylogenetic analysis, indicating the high genetic diversity of E. coli from retail meat products. Antimicrobial resistance profiles showed that 82.42 % E. coli were multidrug-resistant strains. A total of 89 antimicrobial resistance genes were detected and 12 E. coli strains carried clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, mcr-1, mcr-10 and tet(X4), respectively. Nanopore sequencing revealed that these resistance genes are located on different plasmids with the ability of horizontal transfer, and their genetic structure and environment are closely related to plasmids isolated from humans. Importantly, we reported for the first time the presence of plasmid-mediated mcr-10 in E. coli from retail meat. This study revealed the high genetic diversity of food-borne E. coli in retail meat and emphasized their risk of spreading clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yue Han
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Jun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ning Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Wei Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Gharaibeh MH, Al Sheyab SY, Malkawi IM, Al Qudsi FR. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from the chicken liver in relation to slaughterhouse conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27759. [PMID: 38515697 PMCID: PMC10955320 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) has been identified as a sub-group of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Recent studies indicate APEC as a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen and a source or reservoir of human extraintestinal infections. The slaughtering and processing of poultry in low-income countries such as Jordan occurs in two distinct ways: in informal facilities known as Natafat and in formal slaughterhouses. This study compared E. coli phenotypes and genotypes according to slaughtering conditions (formal slaughterhouses vs. informal slaughter facilities). Therefore, liver samples (n = 242) were collected from formal (n = 121) and informal slaughter facilities (n = 121). Results revealed a high prevalence (94.2%) of E. coli among all isolates, with 59 (17 formal and 42 informal) isolates considered avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) based on the virulence-associated genes. The prevalence of resistance among isolates was relatively high, reaching up to 99% against penicillin and 97% against nalidixic acid. However, the prevalence of resistance was the lowest (1.3%) against both meropenem and imipenem. Based on the MIC test findings, colistin resistance was 46.9% (107/228). The mcr -1 gene prevalence was 51.4% (55/107), of which 17.1 % were from formal plants (6/36) and 68.1% from informal facilities (49/72). Interestingly, only one isolate (0.9%) expressed mcr-10. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and associated virulence genes were found more in informal (n = 15 genes) than in formal slaughterhouses (n = 8). Phylogroups B1, C, and A were the most frequent in 228 E. coli isolates, while G, B2, and clade were the least frequent. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of implementing biosecurity measures in slaughterhouses to reduce antibiotic-resistant E. coli spread. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights into the effects of wet market (Natafat) slaughter conditions on increasing bacterial resistance and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Sahba Y. Al Sheyab
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ismail M. Malkawi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Farah R. Al Qudsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 21121, Jordan
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10
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The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2021-2022. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8583. [PMID: 38419967 PMCID: PMC10900121 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This report by the European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control, provides an overview of the main findings of the 2021-2022 harmonised Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) monitoring in Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli from humans and food-producing animals (broilers, laying hens and fattening turkeys, fattening pigs and cattle under one year of age) and relevant meat thereof. For animals and meat thereof, AMR data on indicator commensal Escherichia coli, presumptive extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-/AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpC)-/carbapenemase (CP)-producing E. coli, and the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are also analysed. Generally, resistance levels differed greatly between reporting countries and antimicrobials. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was frequently found in Salmonella and Campylobacter isolates from humans and animals. In humans, increasing trends in resistance to one of two critically antimicrobials (CIA) for treatment was observed in poultry-associated Salmonella serovars and Campylobacter, in at least half of the reporting countries. Combined resistance to CIA was however observed at low levels except in some Salmonella serovars and in C. coli from humans and animals in some countries. While CP-producing Salmonella isolates were not detected in animals in 2021-2022, nor in 2021 for human cases, in 2022 five human cases of CP-producing Salmonella were reported (four harbouring bla OXA-48 or bla OXA-48-like genes). The reporting of a number of CP-producing E. coli isolates (harbouring bla OXA-48, bla OXA-181, bla NDM-5 and bla VIM-1 genes) in fattening pigs, cattle under 1 year of age, poultry and meat thereof by a limited number of MSs (5) in 2021 and 2022, requires a thorough follow-up. The temporal trend analyses in both key outcome indicators (rate of complete susceptibility and prevalence of ESBL-/AmpC-producers in E. coli) showed an encouraging progress in reducing AMR in food-producing animals in several EU MSs over the last 7 years.
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11
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Aworh MK, Thakur S, Gensler C, Harrell E, Harden L, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Jacob M. Characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from retail meat products in North Carolina. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294099. [PMID: 38180979 PMCID: PMC10769054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli is commonly used as an indicator for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food, animal, environment, and human surveillance systems. Our study aimed to characterize AMR in E. coli isolated from retail meat purchased from grocery stores in North Carolina, USA as part of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Retail chicken (breast, n = 96; giblets, n = 24), turkey (n = 96), and pork (n = 96) products were purchased monthly from different counties in North Carolina during 2022. Label claims on packages regarding antibiotic use were recorded at collection. E. coli was isolated from meat samples using culture-based methods and isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance using whole genome sequencing. Multi-locus sequence typing, phylogroups, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based maximum-likelihood phylogenic tree was generated. Data were analyzed statistically to determine differences between antibiotic use claims and meat type. RESULTS Of 312 retail meat samples, 138 (44.2%) were positive for E. coli, with turkey (78/138; 56.5%) demonstrating the highest prevalence. Prevalence was lower in chicken (41/138; 29.7%) and pork (19/138;13.8%). Quality sequence data was available from 84.8% (117/138) of the E. coli isolates, which included 72 (61.5%) from turkey, 27 (23.1%) from chicken breast, and 18 (15.4%) from pork. Genes associated with AMR were detected in 77.8% (91/117) of the isolates and 35.9% (42/117) were defined as multidrug resistant (MDR: being resistant to ≥3 distinct classes of antimicrobials). Commonly observed AMR genes included tetB (35%), tetA (24.8%), aph(3'')-lb (24.8%), and blaTEM-1 (20.5%), the majority of which originated from turkey isolates. Antibiotics use claims had no statistical effect on MDR E. coli isolates from the different meat types (X2 = 2.21, p = 0.33). MDR was observed in isolates from meat products with labels indicating "no claims" (n = 29; 69%), "no antibiotics ever" (n = 9; 21.4%), and "organic" (n = 4; 9.5%). Thirty-four different replicon types were observed. AMR genes were carried on plasmids in 17 E. coli isolates, of which 15 (88.2%) were from turkey and two (11.8%) from chicken. Known sequence types (STs) were described for 81 E. coli isolates, with ST117 (8.5%), ST297 (5.1%), and ST58 (3.4%) being the most prevalent across retail meat types. The most prevalent phylogroups were B1 (29.1%) and A (28.2%). Five clonal patterns were detected among isolates. CONCLUSIONS E. coli prevalence and the presence of AMR and MDR were highest in turkey retail meat. The lack of an association between MDR E. coli in retail meat and antibiotic use claim, including those with no indication of antimicrobial use, suggests that additional research is required to understand the origin of resistance. The presence of ST117, an emerging human pathogen, warrants further surveillance. The isolates were distinctly diverse suggesting an instability in population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Kamweli Aworh
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine Gensler
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erin Harrell
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lyndy Harden
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Paula J. Fedorka-Cray
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Megan Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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12
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Haley BJ, Salaheen S, Kim SW, Van Kessel JA. Virulome analysis of Escherichia coli ST117 from bovine sources identifies similarities and differences with strains isolated from other food animals. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296514. [PMID: 38175844 PMCID: PMC10766182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli ST117 is a pandemic extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) causing significant morbidity globally. Poultry are a known reservoir of this pathogen, but the characteristics of ST117 strains from other animal sources have not been adequately investigated. Here we characterize the genomes of 36 ST117 strains recovered primarily from preweaned dairy calves, but also from older postweaned calves and lactating cows, in the context of other bovine-associated strains and strains from poultry, swine, and humans. Results of this study demonstrate that bovine-associated ST117 genomes encode virulence factors (VFs) known to be involved in extraintestinal infections, but also occasionally encode the Shiga toxin, a virulence factor (VF) involved in severe gastrointestinal infections and more frequently identified in E. coli from ruminants than other animals. Bovine-associated ST117 genomes were also more likely to encode afa-VIII (adhesins), pap (P-fimbriae), cdt (cytolethal distending toxin), and stx (Shiga toxins) than were poultry and swine-associated genomes. All of the ST117 genomes were grouped into seven virulence clusters, with bovine-associated genomes grouping into Clusters 1, 2, 4, 5, but not 3, 6, or 7. Major differences in the presence of virulence factors between clusters were observed as well. Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in 112 of 122 (91%) bovine-associated genomes, with 103 of these being multidrug-resistant (MDR). Inclusion of genomes that differed from ST117 by one multi-locus sequence type (MLST) allele identified 31 STs, four of these among the bovine-associated genomes. These non-ST117 genomes clustered with the ST117 genomes suggesting that they may cause similar disease as ST117. Results of this study identify cattle as a reservoir of ST117 strains, some of which are highly similar to those isolated from other food animals and some of which have unique bovine-specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J. Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Jo Ann Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
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13
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O’Neill L, Manzanilla EG, Ekhlas D, Leonard FC. Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal Escherichia coli of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1616. [PMID: 37998818 PMCID: PMC10669415 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli of animal origin presents a threat to human health. Although animals are not the primary source of human infections, humans may be exposed to AMR E. coli of animal origin and their AMR genes through the food chain, direct contact with animals, and via the environment. For this reason, AMR in E. coli from food producing animals is included in most national and international AMR monitoring programmes and is the subject of a large body of research. As pig farming is one of the largest livestock sectors and the one with the highest antimicrobial use, there is considerable interest in the epidemiology of AMR in E. coli of porcine origin. This literature review presents an overview and appraisal of current knowledge of AMR in commensal E. coli of the porcine gastrointestinal tract with a focus on its evolution during the pig lifecycle and the relationship with antimicrobial use. It also presents an overview of the epidemiology of resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and colistin in pig production. The review highlights the widespread nature of AMR in the porcine commensal E. coli population, especially to the most-used classes in pig farming and discusses the complex interplay between age and antimicrobial use during the pig lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcan O’Neill
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland; (E.G.M.); (D.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
| | - Edgar García Manzanilla
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland; (E.G.M.); (D.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
| | - Daniel Ekhlas
- Pig Development Department, Teagasc, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co Cork P61 C996, Ireland; (E.G.M.); (D.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin D15 DY05, Ireland
| | - Finola C. Leonard
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland;
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14
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El Zowalaty ME, Lamichhane B, Falgenhauer L, Mowlaboccus S, Zishiri OT, Forsythe S, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial resistance and whole genome sequencing of novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans isolated from livestock. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18609. [PMID: 37903806 PMCID: PMC10616195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42838-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant, livestock-associated Enterococcus faecalis represents a public health concern. Here, we report the isolation, molecular detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants, in addition to the phylogenetic analyses of 20 Enterococcus species using whole genome sequencing analysis of 15 Enterococcus faecalis strains including six strains of three novel sequence types, three Enterococcus faecium and two Enterococcus durans. All strains were isolated from food chain animals in South Africa. Enterococcus strains were isolated on bile aesculin azide agar, followed by identification using MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The genomic DNA of the isolates was extracted and sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequence reads were trimmed and de novo assembled. The assembled contigs were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes and chromosomal mutations, extra-chromosomal plasmids, and multi-locus sequence type (MLST). Multidrug antimicrobial resistance genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, sat4, and spw), lincosamides (lnu(B), lsa(A), and lsa(E)), macrolides (erm(B)), trimethoprim (dfrG) and tetracyclines (tet(L) and tet(M)) were identified. Plasmid replicons were detected in seven E. faecalis and three E. faecium isolates. The sequence type (ST) of each isolate was determined using the Enterococcus PubMLST database. Ten STs were identified in the collection, three of which (ST1240, ST1241, and ST1242) have not been previously reported and are described in the present study for the first time. To compare the sequenced strains to other previously sequenced E. faecalis strains, assembled sequences of E. faecalis from livestock were downloaded from the PubMLST database. Core genome-based phylogenetic analysis was performed using ParSNP. The detection of multiple drug-resistance in Enterococcus including E. faecalis and E. faecium highlights the significance of genomic surveillance to monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in food chain animals. In addition, the genome sequences of Enterococcus strains reported in the present study will serve as a reference point for future molecular epidemiological studies of livestock-associated and antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis in Africa. In addition, this study enables the in-depth analysis of E. faecalis genomic structure, as well as provides valuable information on the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, and the pathogenesis of livestock-associated E. faecalis and E. faecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Veterinary Medicine and Food Security Research Group, Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, 41012, UAE.
| | - Bibek Lamichhane
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Linda Falgenhauer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Shakeel Mowlaboccus
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine-WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Oliver T Zishiri
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Stephen Forsythe
- Foodmicrobe.com Ltd., Adams Hill, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GY, UK
| | - Yosra A Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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15
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Jia X, Phillips GJ, Lyte JM. Complete genome sequence of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain isolated from poultry. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0042423. [PMID: 37732802 PMCID: PMC10586103 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00424-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli found in the avian intestinal tract can cause systemic disease in birds and act as a foodborne zoonotic pathogen associated with human disease. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of E. coli strain H1998 isolated from a chicken with colisepticemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Jia
- Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, lowa, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, lowa, USA
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, lowa, USA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, lowa, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua M. Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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16
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Balbuena-Alonso MG, Camps M, Cortés-Cortés G, Carreón-León EA, Lozano-Zarain P, Rocha-Gracia RDC. Strain belonging to an emerging, virulent sublineage of ST131 Escherichia coli isolated in fresh spinach, suggesting that ST131 may be transmissible through agricultural products. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1237725. [PMID: 37876872 PMCID: PMC10591226 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1237725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Food contamination with pathogenic Escherichia coli can cause severe disease. Here, we report the isolation of a multidrug resistant strain (A23EC) from fresh spinach. A23EC belongs to subclade C2 of ST131, a virulent clone of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Most A23EC virulence factors are concentrated in three pathogenicity islands. These include PapGII, a fimbrial tip adhesin linked to increased virulence, and CsgA and CsgB, two adhesins known to facilitate spinach leaf colonization. A23EC also bears TnMB1860, a chromosomally-integrated transposon with the demonstrated potential to facilitate the evolution of carbapenem resistance among non-carbapenemase-producing enterobacterales. This transposon consists of two IS26-bound modular translocatable units (TUs). The first TU carries aac(6')-lb-cr, bla OXA-1, ΔcatB3, aac(3)-lle, and tmrB, and the second one harbors bla CXT-M-15. A23EC also bears a self-transmissible plasmid that can mediate conjugation at 20°C and that has a mosaic IncF [F(31,36):A(4,20):B1] and Col156 origin of replication. Comparing A23EC to 86 additional complete ST131 sequences, A23EC forms a monophyletic cluster with 17 other strains that share the following four genomic traits: (1) virotype E (papGII+); (2) presence of a PAI II536-like pathogenicity island with an additional cnf1 gene; (3) presence of chromosomal TnMB1860; and (4) frequent presence of an F(31,36):A(4,20):B1 plasmid. Sequences belonging to this cluster (which we named "C2b sublineage") are highly enriched in septicemia samples and their associated genetic markers align with recent reports of an emerging, virulent sublineage of the C2 subclade, suggesting significant pathogenic potential. This is the first report of a ST131 strain belonging to subclade C2 contaminating green leafy vegetables. The detection of this uropathogenic clone in fresh food is alarming. This work suggests that ST131 continues to evolve, gaining selective advantages and new routes of transmission. This highlights the pressing need for rigorous epidemiological surveillance of ExPEC in vegetables with One Health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Balbuena-Alonso
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Manel Camps
- Departament of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Gerardo Cortés-Cortés
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Departament of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Eder A. Carreón-León
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Patricia Lozano-Zarain
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Rosa del Carmen Rocha-Gracia
- Posgrado en Microbiología, Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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17
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Chen JS, Hsu BM, Ko WC, Wang JL. Comparison of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli from main river basins under different levels of the sewer system development. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115372. [PMID: 37619401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in the aquatic environments is considered a strong indicator of sewage or animal waste contamination and antibiotic pollution. Sewer construction and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) infrastructure may serve as concentrated point sources of contamination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we focused on the distribution of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in two rivers with large drainage areas and different urbanisation levels. E. coli from Kaoping River with drainage mainly from livestock farming had higher resistance to antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, tetracyclines, phenicols, aminoglycosides, and sulpha drugs) and presented more positive detection of antibiotic-resistance genes (e.g. ampC, blaTEM, tetA, and cmlA1) than that from Tamsui River. In Kaoping River with a lower percentage of sewer construction nearby (0-30%) in contrast to a higher percentage of sewer construction (55-92%) in Tamsui River, antimicrobial-resistant E. coli distribution was related to livestock farming waste. In Tamsui River, antimicrobial resistant E. coli isolates were found more frequently in the downstream drainage area of WWTPs with secondary water treatment than that of WWTPs with tertiary water treatment. The Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR showed that the fingerprinting group was significantly related to the sampling site (p < 0.01) and sampling date (p < 0.05). By utilising ERIC-PCR in conjunction with antibiotic susceptibility and antibiotic-resistance gene detection, the relationship among different strains of E. coli could be elucidated. Furthermore, we identified the presence of six extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli isolates and antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates near drinking water sources, posing a potential risk to public health through community transmission. In conclusion, this study identified environmental factors related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance gene contamination in rivers during urban development. The results facilitate the understanding of specific management of different waste streams across different urban areas. Periodic surveillance of the effects of WWTPs and livestock waste containing antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes on river contamination is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Mu Hsu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Ling Wang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Marmion M, Soro AB, Whyte P, Scannell AGM. A culture-based assessment of the microbiota of conventional and free-range chicken meat from Irish processing facilities. Food Microbiol 2023; 114:104306. [PMID: 37290880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chicken meat is the most popularly consumed meat worldwide, with free-range and ethically produced meat a growing market among consumers. However, poultry is frequently contaminated with spoilage microbes and zoonotic pathogens which impact the shelf-life and safety of the raw product, constituting a health risk to consumers. The free-range broiler microbiota is subject to various influences during rearing such as direct exposure to the external environment and wildlife which are not experienced during conventional rearing practices. Using culture-based microbiology approaches, this study aimed to determine whether there is a detectable difference in the microbiota from conventional and free-range broilers from selected Irish processing plants. This was done through analysis of the microbiological status of bone-in chicken thighs over the duration of the meat shelf-life. It was found that the shelf-life of these products was 10 days from arrival in the laboratory, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) evident between free-range and conventionally raised chicken meat. A significant difference, however, was established in the presence of pathogenesis-associated genera in different meat processors. These results reinforce past findings which indicate that the processing environment and storage during shelf-life are key determinants of the microflora of chicken products reaching the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marmion
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| | - A B Soro
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; Teagasc Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15DY05, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, Ireland
| | - A G M Scannell
- UCD School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Ireland; UCD Institute of Food and Health, Ireland; UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland
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Silva A, Silva V, Pereira JE, Maltez L, Igrejas G, Valentão P, Falco V, Poeta P. Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages of Escherichia coli from Food-Producing Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1061. [PMID: 37370379 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli are one of the most important pathogenic bacteria readily found in the livestock and widely studied as an indicator that carries drug-resistant genes between humans, animals, and the environment. The use of antimicrobials in the food chain, particularly in food-producing animals, is recognized as a significant contributor to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and resistance genes can be transferred from the farm through the food-chain. The objective of this review is to highlight the background of the antimicrobials use in food-producing animals, more specifically, to study clonal lineages and the resistance profiles observed in E. coli, as well as in extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli, in a set of food-production animals with greater relevance in food consumption, such as pigs, poultry, cattle, fish farming and rabbits. Regarding the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli among farm animals, high-to-moderate prevalence was observed, and the highest resistance rates to tetracycline and ampicillin was detected in different farms in all geographic regions. Worldwide pandemic clones and high-risk zoonotic E. coli clones have been identified in most food-producing animals, and some of these clones are already disseminated in different niches, such as the environment and humans. A better understanding of the epidemiology of E. coli and ESBL-producing E. coli in livestock is urgently needed. Animal production is one of the major causes of the antibiotic resistance problem worldwide and a One Health approach is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Maltez
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgílio Falco
- Chemistry Research Centre (CQ-VR), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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García V, Lestón L, Parga A, García-Meniño I, Fernández J, Otero A, Olsen JE, Herrero-Fresno A, Mora A. Genomics, biofilm formation and infection of bladder epithelial cells in potentially uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from animal sources and human urinary tract infections (UTIs) further support food-borne transmission. One Health 2023; 16:100558. [PMID: 37363240 PMCID: PMC10288081 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTI). While genomic comparison of specific clones recovered from animals, and human extraintestinal infections show high identity, studies demonstrating the uropathogenicity are lacking. In this study, comparative genomics combined with bladder-cell and biofilm formation assays, were performed for 31 E. coli of different origins: 7 from meat (poultry, beef, and pork); 2 from avian-farm environment; 12 from human uncomplicated UTI, uUTI; and 10 from human complicated UTI, cUTI. These isolates were selected based on their genetic uropathogenic (UPEC) status and phylogenetic background. In silico analysis revealed similar virulence-gene profiles, with flagella, type 1 and curli fimbriae, outer-membrane proteins (agn43, ompT, iha), and iron-uptake (iutA, entA, and fyuA) associated-traits as the most prevalent (>65%). In bladder-cell assays, moderate to strong values of association (83%, 60%, 77.8%) and invasion (0%, 70%, 55.5%) were exhibited by uUTI, cUTI, and animal-derived isolates, respectively. Of interest, uUTI isolates exhibited a significantly lower invasive capacity than cUTI isolates (p < 0.05). All isolates but one produced measurable biofilm. Notably, 1 turkey meat isolate O11:H6-F-ST457, and 2 cUTI isolates of the pandemic lineages O83:H42-F-ST1485-CC648 and O25b:H4-B2-ST131, showed strong association, invasion and biofilm formation. These isolates showed common carriage of type 1 fimbriae and csg operons, toxins (hlyF, tsh), iron uptake systems (iutA, entA, iroN), colicins, protectins (cvaC, iss, kpsM, traT), ompT, and malX. In summary, the similar in vitro behaviour found here for certain E. coli clones of animal origin would further reinforce the role of food-producing animals as a potential source of UPEC. Bladder-cell infection assays, combined with genomics, might be an alternative to in vivo virulence models to assess uropathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa García
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Dpto. de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo 27002, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago 15706, Spain
| | - Luz Lestón
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Dpto. de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Ana Parga
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Isidro García-Meniño
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Dpto. de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo 27002, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago 15706, Spain
- Department for Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin 10589, Germany
| | - Javier Fernández
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Grupo de Microbiología Traslacional, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain
- Research & Innovation, Artificial Intelligence and Statistical Department, Pragmatech AI Solutions, Oviedo 33011, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - John E. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de Escherichia coli (LREC), Dpto. de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo 27002, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago 15706, Spain
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Jonare L, Östlund E, Söderlund R, Hansson I, Aspán A, Jansson DS. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) confirms systemic spread of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in broilers with cellulitis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109755. [PMID: 37119568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Broiler cellulitis has emerged as an important cause of economic losses for farmers and slaughter plants from carcass condemnation at processing. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) has been identified as the main causative agent. The aim was to characterize E. coli isolated from cellulitis and organs in broilers at slaughter by whole genome sequencing analysis to study if systemic spread could be confirmed. Isolates were collected post-mortem from 101 carcasses condemned due to dermatitis/cellulitis from five commercial farms and six flocks. Forty-six isolates were characterised to determine serotypes, sequence types and virulence-associated genes. Analysis by cgMLST was performed to study the genetic similarity between isolates from the same broiler, among birds from the same flock and between flocks. Escherichia coli was isolated from 90% of birds from subcutaneous samples. In 20 broilers, E. coli was isolated from organs in pure culture or mixed with sparse growth of other bacteria. In eight of these, there were post-mortem findings suggestive of systemic bacterial spread. The majority of the isolates from the same bird and flock belonged to the same serotype and sequence type and were genetically indistinguishable, but differed when compared between flocks. Common APEC virulence genes, i.e. chuA, fyuA, hlyF, iroN, irp2, iss, ompT, sitA, TerC, TraT, were present in > 87% of the isolates. We conclude that evidence of systemic spread of E. coli from cellulitis was present in some birds at time of slaughter but cannot be reliably detected at meat inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Jonare
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Emma Östlund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Söderlund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7036, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Aspán
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Désirée S Jansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
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Yun CS, Moon BY, Hwang MH, Lee SK, Ku BK, Lee K. Characterization of the pathogenicity of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from pneumonia-infected lung samples of dogs and cats in South Korea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5575. [PMID: 37019949 PMCID: PMC10076304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the pathogenicity of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolated from dog and cat lung samples in South Korea. A total of 101 E. coli isolates were analyzed for virulence factors, phylogroups, and O-serogroups, and their correlation with bacterial pneumonia-induced mortality was elucidated. P fimbriae structural subunit (papA), hemolysin D (hlyD), and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf1) were highly prevalent in both species, indicating correlation with bacterial pneumonia. Phylogroups B1 and B2 were the most prevalent phylogroups (36.6% and 32.7%, respectively) and associated with high bacterial pneumonia-induced mortality rates. Isolates from both species belonging to phylogroup B2 showed high frequency of papA, hlyD, and cnf1. O-serogrouping revealed 21 and 15 serogroups in dogs and cats, respectively. In dogs, O88 was the most prevalent serogroup (n = 8), and the frequency of virulence factors was high for O4 and O6. In cats, O4 was the most prevalent serogroup (n = 6), and the frequency of virulence factors was high for O4 and O6. O4 and O6 serogroups were mainly grouped under phylogroup B2 and associated with high bacterial pneumonia-induced mortality. This study characterized the pathogenicity of ExPEC and described the probability of ExPEC pneumonia-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Sun Yun
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Hwang
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyoung Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Bok-Kyung Ku
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Kichan Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea.
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Saidenberg ABS, Franco LS, Reple JN, Hounmanou YMG, Casas MRT, Cardoso B, Esposito F, Lincopan N, Dalsgaard A, Stegger M, Knöbl T. Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota in Brazilian broilers: Genomic characterization of third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 15:119-128. [PMID: 36629129 PMCID: PMC10103857 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota encoding antimicrobial resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are often detected in poultry/poultry meat. We analysed the genomes of 10 Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) and 4 Salmonella Minnesota (SM) from faecal isolates of Brazilian poultry. These featured virulent and multidrug-resistant characteristics, with AmpC beta-lactamase (blaCMY-2 ) predominance (9/14), for all SM (4/4) and some SH (3/10) located on IncC plasmid replicons. IncC carrying blaCTX-M-2 was only detected among SH (3/10). Mutation in the gyrA/parC genes was present in all SH, whereas SM harboured parC mutation plus qnrB19 on ColRNAI plasmids (3/4). In silico resistance overall corroborated with phenotypic results. Core genome phylogenies showed close clustering and high similarities between the Brazilian and poultry meat/food isolates from Europe, and to human isolates from European countries with documented import of Brazilian poultry meat. Conjugation assays with SM successfully transferred blaCMY-2 , and qnrB19 to an Escherichia coli recipient. The findings reinforce the ongoing antimicrobial resistance acquisition of SH and Minnesota and the risks for disseminating resistant strains and/or mobile elements which may increasingly affect importing countries and the need for controlling AMR in major poultry-exporting countries like Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Becker Simoes Saidenberg
- Department of Veterinary PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Food Safety and ZoonosesInstitute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns UniversitetCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and FungiStatens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Leticia Soares Franco
- Department of Veterinary PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceSão PauloBrazil
| | - Jessica Nacarato Reple
- Department of Veterinary PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceSão PauloBrazil
| | - Yaovi Mahuton Gildas Hounmanou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Food Safety and ZoonosesInstitute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns UniversitetCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Brenda Cardoso
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Department of Clinical AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Biomedical Science, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Clinical AnalysisSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Section for Food Safety and ZoonosesInstitute for Veterinary and Companion Animal Science, Københavns UniversitetCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and FungiStatens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Terezinha Knöbl
- Department of Veterinary PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceSão PauloBrazil
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Pokharel P, Dhakal S, Dozois CM. The Diversity of Escherichia coli Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen. Microorganisms 2023; 11:344. [PMID: 36838308 PMCID: PMC9965155 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacillus and resident of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some E. coli strains can cause diseases in humans, other mammals and birds ranging from intestinal infections, for example, diarrhea and dysentery, to extraintestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and sepsis. In terms of morbidity and mortality, pathogenic E. coli has a great impact on public health, with an economic cost of several billion dollars annually worldwide. Antibiotics are not usually used as first-line treatment for diarrheal illness caused by E. coli and in the case of bloody diarrhea, antibiotics are avoided due to the increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome. On the other hand, extraintestinal infections are treated with various antibiotics depending on the site of infection and susceptibility testing. Several alarming papers concerning the rising antibiotic resistance rates in E. coli strains have been published. The silent pandemic of multidrug-resistant bacteria including pathogenic E. coli that have become more difficult to treat favored prophylactic approaches such as E. coli vaccines. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of different pathotypes of E. coli, the virulence factors involved and updates on the major aspects of vaccine development against different E. coli pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravil Pokharel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sabin Dhakal
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Charles M. Dozois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal Saint-Hyacinthe, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Pasteur Network, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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Sebola DC, Oguttu JW, Kock MM, Qekwana DN. Hospital-acquired and zoonotic bacteria from a veterinary hospital and their associated antimicrobial-susceptibility profiles: A systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1087052. [PMID: 36699325 PMCID: PMC9868922 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1087052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and an economic burden due to costs associated with extended hospital stays. Furthermore, most pathogens associated with HAIs in veterinary medicine are zoonotic. This study used published data to identify organisms associated with HAIs and zoonosis in veterinary medicine. Furthermore, the study also investigated the antimicrobial-susceptibility profile of these bacterial organisms. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Search terms and five electronic databases were used to identify studies published over 20 years (2000-2020). The risk of bias was assessed using the "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Vet" (STROBE-Vet) checklist. Results Out of the identified 628 papers, 27 met the inclusion criteria for this study. Most studies (63%, 17/27) included were either from small animal or companion animal clinics/hospitals, while 5% (4/27) were from large animal clinics/hospitals inclusive of bovine and equine hospitals. Hospital-acquired bacteria were reported from environmental surfaces (33%, 9/27), animal clinical cases (29.6%, 8/27), and fomites such as cell phones, clippers, stethoscopes, and computers (14.8%, 4/27). Staphylococcus spp. was the most (63%; 17/27) reported organism, followed by Escherichia coli (19%; 5/27), Enterococcus spp. (15%, 4/27), Salmonella spp. (15%; 4/27), Acinetobacter baumannii (15%, 4/27), Clostridioides difficile (4%, 1/27), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%; 1/27). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms were reported in 71% (12/17) of studies linked to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), Enterococcus spp., Salmonella Typhimurium, A. baumannii, and E. coli. The mecA gene was identified in both MRSA and MRSP, the blaCMY-2 gene in E. coli and Salmonella spp., and the vanA gene in E. faecium isolate. Six studies reported organisms from animals with similar clonal lineage to those reported in human isolates. Conclusion Organisms associated with hospital-acquired infections and zoonosis have been reported from clinical cases, environmental surfaces, and items used during patient treatment and care. Staphylococcus species is the most reported organism in cases of HAIs and some isolates shared similar clonal lineage to those reported in humans. Some organisms associated with HAIs exhibit a high level of resistance and contain genes associated with antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikeledi C. Sebola
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - James W. Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marleen M. Kock
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel N. Qekwana
- Section Veterinary Public Health, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,*Correspondence: Daniel N. Qekwana ✉
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Lemlem M, Aklilu E, Mohammed M, Kamaruzzaman F, Zakaria Z, Harun A, Devan SS. Molecular detection and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken farms in Malaysia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285743. [PMID: 37205716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats globally. This challenge has been aggravated with the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in food animals and humans. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from broiler chickens in Kelantan, Malaysia. A total of 320 cloacal swabs were collected from farms in different districts of Kelantan and were analyzed using routine bacteriology, antimicrobial susceptibility test, and molecular techniques for further identification and characterization of ESBL encoding genes. Based on PCR detection for the E. coli species-specific Pho gene, 30.3% (97/320) of isolates were confirmed as E. coli, and 84.5% (82/97) of the isolates were positive for at least one ESBL gene. Majority of the isolates, 62.9% (61/97) were harboring blaCTX-M followed by 45.4% (44/97) of blaTEM genes, while 16.5% (16/97) of the isolates were positive for both mcr-1 and ESBL genes. Overall, 93.8% (90/97) of the E. coli were resistant to three or more antimicrobials; indicating that the isolates were multi-drug resistance. 90.7% of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index value greater than 0.2, would also suggest the isolates were from high-risk sources of contamination. The MLST result shows that the isolates are widely diverse. Our findings provide insight into the alarmingly high distribution of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, mainly ESBL producing E. coli in apparently healthy chickens indicating the role of food animals in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, and the potential public health threats it may pose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulu Lemlem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Baharu, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Erkihun Aklilu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Baharu, Malaysia
| | - Maizan Mohammed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Baharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Zunita Zakaria
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Azian Harun
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Susmita Seenu Devan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Baharu, Malaysia
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27
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Holcomb DA, Quist AJL, Engel LS. Exposure to industrial hog and poultry operations and urinary tract infections in North Carolina, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158749. [PMID: 36108846 PMCID: PMC9613609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An increasing share of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) lineages that have also been identified in poultry and hogs with high genetic similarity to human clinical isolates. We investigated industrial food animal production as a source of uropathogen transmission by examining relationships of hog and poultry density with emergency department (ED) visits for UTIs in North Carolina (NC). ED visits for UTI in 2016-2019 were identified by ICD-10 code from NC's ZIP code-level syndromic surveillance system and livestock counts were obtained from permit data and aerial imagery. We calculated separate hog and poultry spatial densities (animals/km2) by Census block with a 5 km buffer on the block perimeter and weighted by block population to estimate mean ZIP code densities. Associations between livestock density and UTI incidence were estimated using a reparameterized Besag-York-Mollié (BYM2) model with ZIP code population offsets to account for spatial autocorrelation. We excluded metropolitan and offshore ZIP codes and assessed effect measure modification by calendar year, ZIP code rurality, and patient sex, age, race/ethnicity, and health insurance status. In single-animal models, hog exposure was associated with increased UTI incidence (rate ratio [RR]: 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.07-1.37 in the highest hog-density tertile), but poultry exposure was associated with reduced UTI rates (RR: 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.81-0.91). However, the reference group for single-animal poultry models included ZIP codes with only hogs, which had some of the highest UTI rates; when compared with ZIP codes without any hogs or poultry, there was no association between poultry exposure and UTI incidence. Hog exposure was associated with increased UTI incidence in areas that also had medium to high poultry density, but not in areas with low poultry density, suggesting that intense hog production may contribute to increased UTI incidence in neighboring communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Holcomb
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arbor J L Quist
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence S Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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28
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Khong MJ, Snyder AM, Magnaterra AK, Young MM, Barbieri NL, Weimer SL. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry litter. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102305. [PMID: 36603238 PMCID: PMC9792562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to animal and human health. As a commensal and zoonotic bacterium, Escherichia coli has the potential to be a pathogenic source of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli isolated from litter collected from pens in a broiler chicken experiment. E. coli was isolated from litter samples (n = 68 isolates) of 16 pens housing broilers to d 53 of age. Resistance to 10 antimicrobials was observed by disc diffusion. The presence of 23 antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance genes, O serogroups, and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC-like) minimal predictor genes were identified through PCR. E. coli isolates presented the greatest resistance to cephalothin (54.4%), tetracycline (27.9%), streptomycin (29.4%), ampicillin (20.6%), colistin (13.2%), sulphonamides (8.8%), and imipenem (1.5%). Multidrug resistance to at least 3 antimicrobials was observed in 22.1% of isolates. The identified O-types of the E. coli isolates were O15, O75, O78, and O91. There was a greater likelihood that the genes groEL, aph(3)IA, silP, sull, aadA, qacEdelta1, iroN, ompTp, and hlyF were present in isolates that exhibited ampicillin resistance (P ≤ 0.05). There was a greater likelihood that the groEL gene was present in isolates resistant to ampicillin, colistin, tetracycline, sulphonamides, or cephalothin (P ≤ 0.05). Further characterizing E. coli antimicrobial resistance is essential and aids in developing effective solutions, thereby furthering the One Health objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Khong
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - A M Snyder
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - A K Magnaterra
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - M M Young
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - N L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - S L Weimer
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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29
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Xia F, Jiang M, Wen Z, Wang Z, Wang M, Xu Y, Zhuge X, Dai J. Complete genomic analysis of ST117 lineage extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) to reveal multiple genetic determinants to drive its global transmission: ST117 E. coli as an emerging multidrug-resistant foodborne ExPEC with zoonotic potential. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3256-3273. [PMID: 35945191 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is recognized as a primary source of foodborne extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), which poses a significant risk of extraintestinal infections in humans. The potential of human infection with ST117 lineage APEC/ExPEC from poultry is particularly concerning. However, relatively few whole-genome studies have focused on ST117 as an emerging ExPEC lineage. In this study, the complete genomes of 11 avian ST117 isolates and the draft genomes of 20 ST117 isolates in China were sequenced to reveal the genomic islands and large plasmid composition of ST117 APEC. With reference to the extensive E. coli genomes available in public databases, large-scale comprehensive genomic analysis of the ST117 lineage APEC/ExPEC was performed to reveal the features of the ST117 pan-genome and population. The high variability of the accessory genome emphasized the diversity and dynamic traits of the ST117 pan-genome. ST117 isolates recovered from different hosts and geographic sources were randomly located on a phylogeny tree, suggesting that ST117 E. coli lacked host specificity. A time-scaled phylogeny tree showed that ST117 was a recent E. coli lineage with a relatively short evolutionary period. Further characterization of a wide diversity of ExPEC-related virulence genes, pathogenicity islands (PAIs), and resistance genes of the ST117 pan-genome provided insights into the virulence and resistance of ST117 APEC/ExPEC. The results suggested zoonotic potential of ST117 APEC/ExPEC between birds and humans. Moreover, genomic analysis showed that a pool of diverse plasmids drove the virulence and multidrug resistance of ST117 APEC/ExPEC. Several types of large plasmids were scattered across the ST117 isolates, but there was no strong plasmid-clade adaptation. Combined with the pan-genome analysis, a double polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was designed for rapid and cost-effective detection of ST117 isolates from various avian and human APEC/ExPEC isolates. Overall, this study addressed a gap in current knowledge about the ST117 APEC/ExPEC genome, with significant implications to understand the success and spread of ST117 APEC/ExPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufang Xia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Wen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yudian Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhuge
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Sheen S, Huang CY, Chuang S. Synergistic effect of high hydrostatic pressure, allyl isothiocyanate, and acetic acid on the inactivation and survival of pathogenic Escherichia coli in ground chicken. J Food Sci 2022; 87:5042-5053. [PMID: 36181370 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Meat and poultry are prone to contamination with foodborne pathogens sourced from the livestock or introduced from the processing environments. In this study, for retention of meat quality while assuring microbial food safety, mild levels of high hydrostatic pressure were hurdled with food-grade additives (i.e., allyl isothiocyanate [AITC] and acetic acid [AA], functioned as antimicrobials) to inactivate pathogenic Escherichia coli in ground chicken. The reductions of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) O157:H7 and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) were described as a function of high hydrostatic pressure (200-350 MPa), process-holding time (10-25 min), AITC concentration (0.05-0.20% w/w), and AA concentration (0.10--0.30% w/w) using a full factorial design. The antimicrobials had little influence on bacterial inactivation without high pressure. Without the antimicrobials, a high-pressure treatment at 300 MPa and 4°C for 15 min reduced E. coli O157:H7 and UPEC by 1.52 and 2.52 log, respectively. A 5-log reduction was achieved when AITC and AA were combined with high pressure, indicating a synergistic effect. The survivors were further reduced to below the detection limit of 1 log CFU/g after subsequent storage tests at 4 and 10°C for 10 days. The STEC O157:H7 was found slightly more resistant than UPEC in our test matrix. The developed models showed good fits with experimental data (R2 > 0.95 for linear models; Pr > F (<0.0001) for dimensionless nonlinear models); which may help processors find/optimize the processing parameters to achieve target foodborne pathogens reduction for food safety requirement. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Models were developed to predict the inactivation of pathogenic Escherichia coli in ground chicken by high-pressure processing (HPP) in combination with natural antimicrobial compounds. These models can be used to estimate/determine the HPP operation parameters and antimicrobial usage levels (i.e., allyl isothiocyanate and acetic acid) needed to achieve a specific microbial log reduction within the selected factor ranges. The operation parameters and clean-label ingredients are of interest in the food industry, which may benefit from the application of the models in achieving microbial safety, process optimization, and operation cost reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiowshuh Sheen
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chi-Yun Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shihyu Chuang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Mihailovskaya VS, Remezovskaya NB, Zhdanova IN, Starčič Erjavec M, Kuznetsova MV. Virulence potential of faecal <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains isolated from healthy cows and calves on farms in Perm Krai. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:486-494. [PMID: 36128572 PMCID: PMC9450034 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle are a reservoir of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, which can pose a threat to human and animal health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of 22 virulence-associated genes (VAGs), as well as the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance and three different bla-genes among 49 E. coli strains isolated from healthy cattle. The presence of VAGs that are common among diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) strains and/or extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains was determined by amplifying specific gene sequences by PCR. The following VAGs associated with DEC were found: east1 in 24.5 % of the studied E. coli strains, estI in 10.2 %, ehxA in 8.2 %, stx2 in 6.1 %, eltA in 4.1 %, estII and stx1 in 2.0 % of the studied strains. The prevalence of ExPEC VAGs was: fimH – 91.8 %, afa/draBC – 61.2 %, iutA – 44.9 %, flu – 32.7 %, sfaDE and hlyF – 30.6 %, iroN – 22.4 %, ompT and papC – 20.4 %, kpsMTII and hlyA – 18.4 %, iss – 14.3 %, usp – 2.0 %, cnf1 and iha were not detected among the studied strains. Based on the found co-occurrence of VAGs “classical”, hetero-pathogenic and hybrid-pathogenic E. coli strains were found. E. coli strains isolated from cows had a higher diarrheagenic potential, whereas E. coli strains isolated from calves more frequently contained genes associated with the ExPEC pathotype. Among the studied E. coli strains, 77.6 % were resistant to ampicillin, 49.0 % to tetracycline, 20.4 % to chloramphenicol, 16.3 % to cefoperazone, 16.3 % to ceftriaxone, 16.3 % to aztreonam, 14.3 % to cefepime, 10.2 % to norfloxacin, 10.2 % to ciprofloxacin, 6.1 % to levofloxacin and 2.0 % to gentamicin. All strains were sensitive to meropenem and amikacin. 32.7 % of the studied E. coli strains were found to be multidrug resistant, as they were resistant to at least three groups of antibiotics. With PCR, the blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes were detected in 100, 31.6, and 26.3 %, respectively, of strains resistant to at least one of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Thus, it was shown that the studied faecal E. coli of healthy cows and calves had a high hetero-pathogenic potential, therefore in the future molecular genetic characterization of these bacteria shall be an important part of the epizootic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Mihailovskaya
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - N. B. Remezovskaya
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | - M. V. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences
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32
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Arafa SH, Alshehri WA, Organji SR, Elbanna K, Obaid NA, Aldosari MS, Asiri FH, Ahmad I, Abulreesh HH. Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes, and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Community-Associated Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Western Saudi Arabia. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:325-339. [PMID: 36048880 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the prevalence of multidrug-resistant community-associated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their virulence factors in Western Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,000 urine samples were examined for the presence of E. coli by selective plating on MacConkey, CLED, and sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using Vitek® 2 Compact (MIC) and the disc diffusion method with Mueller-Hinton agar. Genes encoding virulence factors (kpsMTII, traT, sat, csgA, vat, and iutA) were detected by PCR. The overall prevalence of UTI-associated E. coli was low, and a higher prevalence was detected in samples of female origin. Many of the isolates exhibited resistance to norfloxacin, and 60% of the isolates showed resistance to ampicillin. No resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem was detected. In general, half of the isolates showed multiple resistance patterns. UPEC exhibited a weak ability to form biofilms, where no correlation was observed between multidrug resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All uropathogenic E. coli isolates carried the kpsMTII, iutA, traT, and csgA genes, whereas the low number of the isolates harbored the sat and vat genes. The diversity of virulence factors harbored by community-associated UPEC may render them more virulent and further explain the recurrence/relapse cases among community-associated UITs. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first exploration of virulence, biofilm-forming ability, and its association with multidrug resistance among UPEC isolates in Saudi Arabia. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of community-associated UPEC in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Arafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa A Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer R Organji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Najla A Obaid
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fatimah H Asiri
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Guéneau V, Rodiles A, Frayssinet B, Piard JC, Castex M, Plateau-Gonthier J, Briandet R. Positive biofilms to control surface-associated microbial communities in a broiler chicken production system - a field study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981747. [PMID: 36046017 PMCID: PMC9421038 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the One Health concept, the use of beneficial bacteria to form positive biofilms that prevent the settlement of undesirable bacteria is a promising solution to limit the use of antimicrobials on farms. However, there is a lack of field studies reporting the onset of these beneficial bacteria after application and the effects on autochthonous surface microbiota. In the study reported here, the inner surfaces of commercial broiler chicken houses were treated or not with a bacterial consortium composed of Bacillus spp. and Pediococcus spp. strains, able to form covering biofilms in different laboratory models. Preinstalled coupons were sampled over time to capture microbial biofilm dynamics on-farm surfaces. The results showed that the bacterial consortium can establish on the farm surfaces, modulate microbial communities, and limit the implantation of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae, two families containing potential pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgile Guéneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Christophe Piard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Romain Briandet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- *Correspondence: Romain Briandet
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34
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Comparison between LASSO and RT methods for prediction of generic E. coli concentration in pasture poultry farms. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Highly Virulent and Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Sequence Type 58 from a Sausage in Germany. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081006. [PMID: 35892394 PMCID: PMC9331442 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have previously described the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in human and veterinary medical settings, livestock, and, to a lesser extent, in the environment and food. While they mostly analyzed foodborne E. coli regarding phenotypic and sometimes genotypic antibiotic resistance and basic phylogenetic classification, we have limited understanding of the in vitro and in vivo virulence characteristics and global phylogenetic contexts of these bacteria. Here, we investigated in-depth an E. coli strain (PBIO3502) isolated from a pork sausage in Germany in 2021. Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed sequence type (ST)58, which has an internationally emerging high-risk clonal lineage. In addition to its MDR phenotype that mostly matched the genotype, PBIO3502 demonstrated pronounced virulence features, including in vitro biofilm formation, siderophore secretion, serum resilience, and in vivo mortality in Galleria mellonella larvae. Along with the genomic analysis indicating close phylogenetic relatedness of our strain with publicly available, clinically relevant representatives of the same ST, these results suggest the zoonotic and pathogenic character of PBIO3502 with the potential to cause infection in humans and animals. Additionally, our study highlights the necessity of the One Health approach while integrating human, animal, and environmental health, as well as the role of meat products and food chains in the putative transmission of MDR pathogens.
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36
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Comparative Characteristics and Pathogenic Potential of Escherichia coli Isolates Originating from Poultry Farms, Retail Meat, and Human Urinary Tract Infection. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060845. [PMID: 35743876 PMCID: PMC9225339 DOI: 10.3390/life12060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of many bacterial strains is determined by the acquisition of virulence genes and depends on many factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the phylogenetic background, virulence patterns, and drug susceptibility of 132 E. coli isolates tested in the context of the ExPEC (Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli) pathotype and the correlation of these features with bacterial isolation source: food (retail meat), poultry farms (AFEC—Avian Faecal E. coli), and patients with UTI (urinary tract infection) symptoms. The drug-susceptibility results of tested E. coli isolates obtained indicate that the resistance profile—ampicillin/tetracycline/trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole/ciprofloxacin (AMP/TE/SXT/CIP)—was most frequently observed. The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype was found in 31.8% of isolates from poultry farms, 36.8% of strains isolated from food, and 20% of clinical samples. The greatest similarity of virulence profiles applied to isolates derived from poultry farms and food. Most of the AFEC from poultry farms and food-derived isolates belonged to commensals from phylogroups A and B1, while among the isolates from patients with UTI symptoms, the most common was the B2 phylogroup. The collective analysis showed similarity of the three studied groups of E. coli isolates in terms of the presented patterns of antimicrobial resistance, while the virulence profiles of the isolates studied showed great diversity. The phylogroup analysis showed no similarity between the poultry/food isolates and the UTI isolates, which had significant pathogenic potential.
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Ferraresso J, Apostolakos I, Fasolato L, Piccirillo A. Third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance and its association with Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). Focus on broiler carcasses. Food Microbiol 2022; 103:103936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sun Y, Wang X, Li J, Xue F, Tang F, Dai J. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli utilizes the surface-expressed elongation factor Tu to bind and acquire iron from holo-transferrin. Virulence 2022; 13:698-713. [PMID: 35443872 PMCID: PMC9037478 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2066274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a common anthropozoonotic pathogen that causes systemic infections. To establish infection, ExPEC must utilize essential nutrients including iron from the host. Transferrin is an important iron source for multiple bacteria. However, the mechanism by which ExPEC utilizes transferrin remains unclear. In this study, we found that iron-saturated holo-transferrin rather than iron-free apo-transferrin promoted the vitality of ExPEC in heat-inactivated human serum. The multifunctional protein Elongation factor Tu (EFTu) worked as a holo-transferrin binding protein. EFTu not only bound holo-transferrin rather than apo-transferrin but also released transferrin-related iron, with all domains of EFTu involved in holo-transferrin binding and iron release events. We also identified the surface location of EFTu on ExPEC. Overexpression of EFTu on the surface of nonpathogenic E. coli not only promoted the binding of bacteria to holo-transferrin but also facilitated the uptake of transferrin-related iron. More importantly, it significantly enhanced the survival of E. coli in heat-inactivated human serum, which was positively correlated with holo-transferrin but not apo-transferrin. Our research revealed a novel function of EFTu in binding holo-transferrin to promote iron uptake by bacteria, suggesting that EFTu was a potential virulence factor of ExPEC. In addition, our study provided research avenues into the iron acquisition and pathogenicity mechanisms of ExPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuhang Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Osińska M, Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P, Gnat S, Łagowski D, Trościańczyk A. A rich mosaic of resistance in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Poland as a potential effect of increasing synanthropization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151834. [PMID: 34808162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our research, we analyzed the resistance of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli strains to antimicrobial agents. The strains were collected during five years from wild animal species commonly inhabiting Poland. We have identified the type of β-lactamases produced and the multidrug-resistance profile. Most strains (73.8%) had genes encoding ESBL enzymes, mainly CTX-M-1 and TEM. Almost all AmpC-β-lactamase-producing isolates had the blaCMY-2 gene. Almost 70% of the strains tested showed a multi-drug resistance profile. The dominant phenotype was resistance to tetracycline (69.05%), and/or sulfamethoxazole (57.1%). We also found high resistance to quinolones: ciprofloxacin 35.7% and nalidixic acid 52.4%. The phenotypic resistance of the strains was in most cases confirmed by the presence of corresponding genes. Among strains, 26.2% were carriers of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQR). MLST analysis revealed a large clonal variation of the strains, which was reflected in 28 different sequence types. More than half of the strains (54.7%) were classified into the following sequence complexes: 10, 23, 69, 101, 155, 156, 168, 354, 398, 446, and 648. Only one strain in the studied group was assigned to the ExPEC pathotype and represented sequence type 117. The results of our research have confirmed that isolates obtained from wild animals possess many resistance determinants and sequence types, which are also found in food-producing animals and humans. This reflects the doctrine of "One health", which clearly indicates that human health is inextricably linked with animal health as well as degree of environmental contamination. We conclude that the resistance and virulence profiles of strains isolated from wildlife animals may be a resultant of various sources encountered by animals, creating a rich and varied mosaic of genes, which is very often unpredictable and not reflected in the correlation between the sequence type and the gene profile of resistance or virulence observed in epidemic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Osińska
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominik Łagowski
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Haley BJ, Kim SW, Salaheen S, Hovingh E, Van Kessel JAS. Virulome and genome analyses identify associations between antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors in highly drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from veal calves. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265445. [PMID: 35298535 PMCID: PMC8929554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Food animals are known reservoirs of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, but information regarding the factors influencing colonization by these organisms is lacking. Here we report the genomic analysis of 66 MDR E. coli isolates from non-redundant veal calf fecal samples. Genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines were the most frequent antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) detected and included those that confer resistance to clinically significant antibiotics (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M, mph(A), erm(B), aac(6’)Ib-cr, and qnrS1). Co-occurrence analyses indicated that multiple ARGs significantly co-occurred with each other, and with metal and biocide resistance genes (MRGs and BRGs). Genomic analysis also indicated that the MDR E. coli isolated from veal calves were highly diverse. The most frequently detected genotype was phylogroup A-ST Cplx 10. A high percentage of isolates (50%) were identified as sequence types that are the causative agents of extra-intestinal infections (ExPECs), such as ST69, ST410, ST117, ST88, ST617, ST648, ST10, ST58, and ST167, and an appreciable number of these isolates encoded virulence factors involved in the colonization and infection of the human urinary tract. There was a significant difference in the presence of multiple accessory virulence factors (VFs) between MDR and susceptible strains. VFs associated with enterohemorrhagic infections, such as stx, tir, and eae, were more likely to be harbored by antimicrobial-susceptible strains, while factors associated with extraintestinal infections such as the sit system, aerobactin, and pap fimbriae genes were more likely to be encoded in resistant strains. A comparative analysis of SNPs between strains indicated that several closely related strains were recovered from animals on different farms indicating the potential for resistant strains to circulate among farms. These results indicate that veal calves are a reservoir for a diverse group of MDR E. coli that harbor various resistance genes and virulence factors associated with human infections. Evidence of co-occurrence of ARGs with MRGs, BRGs, and iron-scavenging genes (sit and aerobactin) may lead to management strategies for reducing colonization of resistant bacteria in the calf gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J. Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Serajus Salaheen
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Ernest Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Jo Ann S. Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
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Genomic analysis of the zoonotic ST73 lineage containing avian and human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). Vet Microbiol 2022; 267:109372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gambi L, Crippa C, Lucchi A, De Cesare A, Parisi A, Manfreda G, Pasquali F. The resistome of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler carcasses “produced without the use of antibiotics”. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101770. [PMID: 35240351 PMCID: PMC8892001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies have been in place in food animal production to reduce the unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents. Beyond the monitoring of their use, the evaluation of the effect of these strategies on the occurrence and types of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated genes is crucial to untangle the potential emergence and spread of AMR to humans through the food chain. In the present study, the occurrence of these genes was evaluated in commensal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler carcasses “produced without the use of antibiotics” in 3 antibiotic-free (AB-free) farms in Italy in 2019. Sequenced data were analyzed along with publicly available genomes of E. coli collected in Italy from the broiler food chain from previous years (2017–2018). The genetic relationships among all 93 genomes were assessed on de novo assemblies by in silico MLST and SNP calling. Moreover, the resistomes of all genomes were investigated. According to SNP calling, genomes were gathered in three clades. Clade A encompassed, among others, ST117, ST8070, and ST1011 genomes. ST10 belonged to clade B, whereas Clade C included ST58, ST297, ST1101, and ST23 among others. Regarding the occurrence of AMR genes, a statistically significant lower occurrence of these genes in the genomes of this study in comparison to the public genomes was observed considering the whole group of genes as well as genes specifically conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, phenicols, trimethoprim, and lincosamides. Moreover, significant reductions were observed by comparing the whole group of AMR associated mutations, as well as those specifically for fluoroquinolones and fosfomycin resistance. Although the identification of 3° generation cephalosporin resistance associated genes in AB-free E. coli is a concern, this study provides a first indication of the impact of a more prudent use of antimicrobial agents on the occurrence of AMR genes in Italian broiler production chain. More studies are needed in next years on a higher number of genomes to confirm this preliminary observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gambi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Cecilia Crippa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Alex Lucchi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40064, Italy
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e Basilicata, Putignano (Bari), 70017, Italy
| | - Gerardo Manfreda
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Frédérique Pasquali
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40127, Italy.
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Ewbank AC, Fuentes-Castillo D, Sacristán C, Cardoso B, Esposito F, Fuga B, de Macedo EC, Lincopan N, Catão-Dias JL. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli survey in wild seabirds at a pristine atoll in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Brazil: First report of the O25b-ST131 clone harboring bla CTX-M-8. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150539. [PMID: 34852430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is among the most serious public health threats of the 21st century, with great impact in terms of One Health. Among antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB), extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) represent major challenges to human healthcare. Wild birds have been commonly used as environmental bioindicators of ESBL-EC. Remote locations represent a unique opportunity to evaluate the occurrence, dissemination and epidemiology of ARB in the environment. Herein we surveyed ESBL-EC in 204 cloacal swabs from six nonsynanthropic seabird species at the pristine Rocas Atoll, Brazil. We identified ESBL-EC isolates in 2.4% (5/204) of the tested seabirds, all in magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens). We isolated strains of O25b-ST131-fimH22 harboring gene blaCTX-M-8 (3 clones), ST117 harboring gene blaSHV-12, and a novel ST11350 (clonal complex 349) harboring genes blaCTX-M-55 and fosA3. All the isolates presented Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) virulence profiles. We suggest that magnificent frigatebirds may act as "flying bridges", transporting ESBL-EC and ARGs from an anthropogenically-impacted archipelago geographically close to our pristine and remote study site. The characteristics of our isolates suggest zoonotic potential and, despite the apparent good health of all the evaluated birds, may represent a hypothetical potential threat to the avian population using the atoll. To our knowledge, this is the first description of: (1) the pandemic and public health relevant ST131-O25b harboring blaCTX-M-8 worldwide; (2) ST131-fimH22 in wild birds; and (3); fosA3 in wildlife. Our findings expand the current epidemiological knowledge regarding host and geographical distribution of ESBL-EC and ARGs in wild birds, and emphasize the disseminating characteristics and adaptability of ST131 and ST117 strains within the human-animal-interface. Herein we discuss the involvement of nonsynanthropic wild birds in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance and their potential as sentinels of ESBL E. coli in insular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Brenda Cardoso
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Fuga
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Cavalcante de Macedo
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) - Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, Rocas Atol Biological Reserve, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; One Health Brazilian Resistance Project (OneBR), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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F Plasmid Lineages in Escherichia coli ST95: Implications for Host Range, Antibiotic Resistance, and Zoonoses. mSystems 2022; 7:e0121221. [PMID: 35076267 PMCID: PMC8788324 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01212-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli sequence type 95 (ST95) is an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) renowned for its ability to cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and poultry. A core genome analysis of 668 ST95 isolates generated 10 clades (A to J), 5 of which are reported here for the first time. F plasmid replicon sequence typing showed that almost a third (178/668 [27%]) of the collection carry pUTI89 (F29:B10) and were restricted to clade A and a sublineage of clade B. In contrast, almost half (328/668 [49%]) of the collection across multiple clades harbor ColV plasmids (multiple F types). Strikingly, ST95 lineages with pUTI89 were almost exclusively from humans, while ColV+ ST95 lineages were sourced from poultry and humans. Clade I was notable because it comprises temporally and geographically matched ColV+ isolates sourced from human and retail poultry meat, suggesting interspecies transmission via food. Clade F contained ST95 isolates of bovine origin, none of which carried ColV or pUTI89 plasmids. Remarkably, an analysis of a cohort of 34,176 E. coli isolates comprising 2,570 sequence types mirrored what was observed in ST95: (i) pUTI89 was overwhelmingly linked to E. coli sourced from humans but almost entirely absent from 13,027 E. coli isolates recovered from poultry, pigs, and cattle, and (ii) E. coli isolates harboring ColV plasmids were from multiple sources, including humans, poultry, and swine. Overall, our data suggest that F plasmids influence E. coli host range, clade structure, and zoonotic potential in ST95 and ExPEC more broadly. IMPORTANCEE. coli ST95 is one of five dominant ExPEC lineages globally and noted for causing urinary tract and bloodstream infections and neonatal meningitis in humans and colibacillosis in poultry. Using high-resolution phylogenomics, we show that F replicon sequence type is linked to ST95 clade structure and zoonotic potential. Specifically, human centric ST95 clades overwhelmingly harbor F29:B10 (pUTI89) plasmids, while clades carrying both human- and poultry-sourced isolates are typically ColV+ with multiple replicon types. Importantly, several clades identified clonal ColV+ ST95 isolates from human and poultry sources, but clade I, which housed temporally and spatially matched isolates, provided the most robust evidence. Notably, patterns of association of F replicon types with E. coli host were mirrored within a diverse collection of 34,176 E. coli genomes. Our studies indicate that the role of food animals as a source of human ExPEC disease is complex and warrants further investigation.
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Rezatofighi SE, Najafifar A, Askari Badouei M, Peighambari SM, Soltani M. An Integrated Perspective on Virulence-Associated Genes (VAGs), Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), and Phylogenetic Clusters of Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Avian Escherichia coli. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:758124. [PMID: 34901248 PMCID: PMC8651559 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.758124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an important bacterial pathogen that causes avian colibacillosis and leads to huge economic losses in the poultry industry. Different virulence traits contribute to pathogenesis of APEC infections, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has also been an overwhelming issue in poultry worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to investigate and compare the presence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs), AMR, and phylogenetic group's distribution among APEC and avian fecal E. coli (AFEC) strains. E. coli from birds with colisepticemia and yolk sac infection (YSI) (APEC) plus E. coli strains from the feces of healthy birds (AFEC) were compared by the aforementioned traits. In addition, the clonal relatedness was compared using Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). Although all strains were susceptible to fosfomycin, ceftriaxone, and cefixime, almost all strains (98%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). All strains (except two) harbored at least three or more VAGs, and the virulence scores tended to be higher in pathogenic strains especially in the colisepticemic group. All phylogenetic groups were found in isolates from YSI, colisepticemia, and the feces of healthy birds; however, the frequency of phylogroups varied according to the source of the isolate. B1 and C phylogroups were statistically more likely to be found among APEC from YSI and colisepticemic E. coli groups, respectively, while phylogroup A was the most frequently occurring phylogroup among AFEC strains. Our findings also revealed that AMR and VAGs are not essentially co-evolved traits as in some instances AMR strains were more prevalent among AFEC. This reflects the divergent evolutionary pathways of resistance acquisition in pathogenic or non-pathogenic avian E. coli strains. Importantly, strains related to phylogenetic group C showed higher virulence score and AMR that requires further attention. To some extent, ERIC-PCR was able to group strains by isolation source, phylogroup, or virulence genes. Further integrated studies along with assessment of more detailed genotypic and phenotypic features could potentially lead to better understanding of virulence, resistance, and evolution of ExPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Najafifar
- Private Veterinary Practitioner, Independent Researcher, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Askari Badouei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Soltani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Avian Diseases, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Narasinakuppe Krishnegowda D, Singh BR, Mariappan AK, Munuswamy P, Singh KP, Monalisa Sahoo, Saminathan M, Ramalingam R, Chellappa MM, Singh V, Dhama K, Reddy MR. Molecular epidemiological studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli associated with septicemia in chickens in India. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105313. [PMID: 34902538 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial septicemia causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry and there is no systematic research available in India on the connection of various pathogens associated with septicemia. The present molecular epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the association of different bacterial and immunosuppressive viral pathogens in septicemia suspected chickens. A total of 443 chicken carcasses with septicemic conditions from 71 different flocks were included in this study. Heart blood swabs were subjected to bacterial culture for Salmonella spp., Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, and Gallibacterium anatis. Of these 51 flocks tested for E. coli, 49 (96.1%) flocks were found positive. Among flocks tested for Salmonella spp., 2 flocks were found positive. All tested flocks were found negative for G. anatis and P. multocida as well as air sac swabs tested negative for Mycoplasma spp. Bacterial cultural examination revealed that majority of septicemic chickens were found to be infected with E. coli and these E. coli isolates showed the highest resistance to vancomycin (60%), followed by erythromycin (50%) and cefotaxime (38%) and maximum sensitivity to cefotaxime and clavulanic acid combinations (81.5%), followed by chloramphenicol (69.6%) and ertapenem (67.2%). Among the 5 avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) virulence genes were detected in 36 flocks and highest frequency of iss (100%), followed by ompT or iutA (97.2%), hly (61.1%) and iroN (47.2%) genes. On polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening, 10.5, 4.5, 52.2, 19.4, 9.0, 4.5, 20.1 and 19.4% of the flocks were positive for G. anatis, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, APEC, Salmonella spp., Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, chicken infectious anemia virus and Marek's disease virus, respectively. To our knowledge, the present study is first on the etiology of septicemia in chicken flocks in India. The present study infers that the majority of septicemic deaths in broiler chickens less than 8 weeks have been connected with APEC and majority of E. coli isolates are multidrug resistance, suggesting the need for surveillance and intervention to curb the inadvertent use of antibiotics. Although, incidence of G. anatis association with septicemia was reported, still requires a rigorous epidemiological study to determine the actual prevalence. However, more detailed studies encompassing vast geographical area with large sample size and long duration of the studies are necessary to provide a clear picture of the interaction of different pathogens causing septicemia in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhoj Raj Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asok Kumar Mariappan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Palanivelu Munuswamy
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajasekar Ramalingam
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhan Mohan Chellappa
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vidya Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Maddula Ramakoti Reddy
- Avian Health Laboratory, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, Telengana, India.
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Munir T, Mahmood A, Shafiq F, Fakhar-e-Alam M, Atif M, Raza A, Ahmad S, Saleem Alimgeer K, Abbas N. Experimental and theoretical analyses of nano-silver for antibacterial activity based on differential crystal growth temperatures. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7561-7566. [PMID: 34867060 PMCID: PMC8626323 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of antimicrobial properties of nanomaterials can be achieved through various physical and chemical processes, which ultimately affect subsequent properties. In this study, the antibacterial potential of nano-silver was investigated at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 g/L, and its differential temperature synthesis was achieved at 20, 50, and 70 °C using the solvent evaporation method. Nano-silver particles exhibited FCC (octahedral) crystalline structure with crystallite sizes ranging between 28 and 39 nm calculated using XRD analysis. Moreover, irregular and non-uniform surface morphology was evident from SEM micrographs. The UV-Vis absorbance spectrum of nano-silver exhibited wave maxima at 433 nm, while the FTIR analysis depicted different modes of vibration indicating the CH, OH, C≡C, C-Cl, and CH2 functional groups attached to the surface. Lastly, nano-silver caused prominent inhibition (12.5 mm) in the Escherichia coli growth, particularly at 70 °C synthesis temperature and 3.0 g/L dose. It is concluded that both the nano-silver crystal growth temperature and dose contributed substantially to bacterial growth inhibition linked with subsequent size, shape-dependent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Munir
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Mahmood
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal, Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Saleem Alimgeer
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Abbas
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Goudarztalejerdi A, Mohammadzadeh A, Niazi K, Mohammad Mirzaei M. High Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance and Biofilm-Formation Ability Among Avian Escherichia coli Isolated from Broilers in Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:244-254. [PMID: 34756121 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern and biofilm-formation ability in 100 Avian-Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from colibacillosis-suspected broilers and 100 Avian Fecal E. coli (AFEC) isolates from healthy broilers in Hamedan, Iran. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction for antimicrobial resistance genes, class 1 and 2 integrons, and biofilm-associated genes. Besides, we assessed the possible relationship between biofilm-formation ability antibiotic resistance patterns, genetic background, and the pathogenicity of APEC strains. 81% of APEC and 73% of AFEC isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype; in addition, 45% of the APEC and 21% of the AFEC strains showed biofilm-formation ability. This is the first report of the biofilm formation ability in E. coli isolated from broilers in Iran. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance gene in APEC strains was tetA (68%), followed by sul1 (63%), dfrA1-like (51%), and blaTEM (30%), whereas in AFEC strains, the frequencies of the antibiotic resistance genes were tetA (63%), sul1 (58%), dfrA1-like (49%), and blaTEM (22%). Out of 81 MDR APEC isolates, 53 (65.4%) and 38 (46.91%) isolates were positive for intI1 and intI2 genes, respectively. In the AFEC strains intI1 and intI2 genes were presented in 57 and 33 isolates, respectively. All APEC isolates belonging to phylogenetic groups B1, B2, and C were MDR. The results of the present study indicate that isolates with biofilm-forming ability show more MDR properties and probably have more pathogenicity to broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Goudarztalejerdi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Khalid Niazi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Mohammad Mirzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Tu J, Fu D, Gu Y, Shao Y, Song X, Xue M, Qi K. Transcription Regulator YgeK Affects the Virulence of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113018. [PMID: 34827751 PMCID: PMC8614350 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the responsible pathogen for colibacillosis in poultry. Transcriptional regulator YgeK was a transcriptional regulator locating at E. coli type three secretion system 2 (ETT2) in APEC. However, the role of YgeK in APEC has not been reported. In this study, we found that the inactivation of YgeK in APEC decreased the flagellar formation ability, bacterial motility ability, serum sensitivity, adhesion ability, and virulence. Results suggested that the transcriptional regulator YgeK plays a crucial role in APEC virulence. Abstract Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the responsible pathogen for colibacillosis in poultry, and is a potential gene source for human extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli type III secretion system 2 (ETT2) is widely distributed in human and animal ExPEC isolates, and is crucial for the virulence of ExPEC. Transcriptional regulator YgeK, located in the ETT2 gene cluster, was identified as an important regulator of gene expression in enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). However, the role of YgeK in APEC has not been reported. In this study, we performed amino acid alignment analysis of YgeK among different E. coli strains and generated ygeK mutant strain AE81ΔygeK from clinical APEC strain AE81. Flagellar formation, bacterial motility, serum sensitivity, adhesion, and virulence were all significantly reduced following the inactivation of YgeK in APEC. Then, we performed transcriptome sequencing to analyze the functional pathways involved in the biological processes. Results suggested that ETT2 transcriptional regulator YgeK plays a crucial role in APEC virulence. These findings thus contribute to our understanding of the function of the ETT2 cluster, and clarify the pathogenic mechanism of APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.T.); (D.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Dandan Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.T.); (D.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Yi Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.T.); (D.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.T.); (D.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.T.); (D.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (X.S.)
| | - Mei Xue
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.T.); (D.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (X.S.)
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute Technology, Nanjing 211169, China
- Correspondence: (M.X.); (K.Q.); Tel.: +86-551-6578-5310 (K.Q.)
| | - Kezong Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (J.T.); (D.F.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.X.); (K.Q.); Tel.: +86-551-6578-5310 (K.Q.)
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Anyanwu MU, Jaja IF, Okpala COR, Jaja CJI, Oguttu JW, Chah KF, Shoyinka VS. Potential sources and characteristic occurrence of mobile colistin resistance ( mcr) gene-harbouring bacteria recovered from the poultry sector: a literature synthesis specific to high-income countries. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11606. [PMID: 34707919 PMCID: PMC8500085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the sources, prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of mcr gene-harbouring bacteria (MGHB) in the poultry sector is crucial to supplement existing information. Through this, the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (PMCR) could be tackled to improve food safety and reduce public health risks. Therefore, we conducted a literature synthesis of potential sources and characteristic occurrence of MGHB recovered from the poultry sector specific to the high-income countries (HICs). Colistin (COL) is a last-resort antibiotic used for treating deadly infections. For more than 60 years, COL has been used in the poultry sector globally, including the HICs. The emergence and rapid spread of mobile COL resistance (mcr) genes threaten the clinical use of COL. Currently, ten mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) have been described. By horizontal and vertical transfer, the mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, and mcr-9 genes have disseminated in the poultry sector in HICs, thus posing a grave danger to animal and human health, as harboured by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella species, and Aeromonas isolates. Conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids are the major backbones for mcr in poultry isolates from HICs. The mcr-1, mcr-3 and mcr-9 have been integrated into the chromosome, making them persist among the clones. Transposons, insertion sequences (IS), especially ISApl1 located downstream and upstream of mcr, and integrons also drive the COL resistance in isolates recovered from the poultry sector in HICs. Genes coding multi-and extensive-drug resistance and virulence factors are often co-carried with mcr on chromosome and plasmids in poultry isolates. Transmission of mcr to/among poultry strains in HICs is clonally unrestricted. Additionally, the contact with poultry birds, manure, meat/egg, farmer's wears/farm equipment, consumption of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, and trade of poultry-related products continue to serve as transmission routes of MGHB in HICs. Indeed, the policymakers, especially those involved in antimicrobial resistance and agricultural and poultry sector stakeholders-clinical microbiologists, farmers, veterinarians, occupational health clinicians and related specialists, consumers, and the general public will find this current literature synthesis very useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madubuike Umunna Anyanwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Chinwe-Juliana Iwu Jaja
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Kennedy Foinkfu Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Shodeinde Shoyinka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
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