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Hershan AA. Pathogenesis of COVID19 and the applications of US FDA-approved repurposed antiviral drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2 in Saudi Arabia: A recent update by review of literature. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:104023. [PMID: 38799719 PMCID: PMC11127266 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Still, there is no cure for the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19). The COVID19 pandemic caused health emergencies which resulted in enormous medical and financial consequences worldwide including Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is the largest Arab country of the Middle East. The urban setting of Saudi Arabia makes it vulnerable towards SARS-CoV-2 (SCV-2). Religious areas of this country are visited by millions of pilgrims every year for the Umrah and Hajj pilgrimage, which contributes to the potential COVID19 epidemic risk. COVID19 throws various challenges to healthcare professionals to choose the right drugs or therapy in clinical settings because of the lack of availability of newer drugs. Current drug development and discovery is an expensive, complex, and long process, which involves a high failure rate in clinical trials. While repurposing of United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)-approved antiviral drugs offers numerous benefits including complete pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, which significantly shorten drug development cycles and reduce costs. A range of repurposed US FDA-approved antiviral drugs including ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir combination, oseltamivir, darunavir, remdesivir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir combination, and molnupiravir showed encouraging results in clinical trials in COVID19 treatment. In this article, several COVID19-related discussions have been provided including emerging variants of concern of, COVID19 pathogenesis, COVID19 pandemic scenario in Saudi Arabia, drug repurposing strategies against SCV-2, as well as repurposing of US FDA-approved antiviral drugs that might be considered to combat SCV-2 in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, drug repurposing in the context of COVID19 management along with its limitations and future perspectives have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almonther Abdullah Hershan
- The University of Jeddah, College of Medicine, Department of Medical microbiology and parasitology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Gulati N, Chellappan DK, MacLoughlin R, Gupta G, Singh SK, Oliver BG, Dua K, Dureja H. Advances in nano-based drug delivery systems for the management of cytokine influx-mediated inflammation in lung diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3695-3707. [PMID: 38078921 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Asthma, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and COVID-19 are few examples of inflammatory lung conditions that cause cytokine release syndrome. It can initiate a widespread inflammatory response and may activate several inflammatory pathways that cause multiple organ failures leading to increased number of deaths and increased prevalence rates around the world. Nanotechnology-based therapeutic modalities such as nanoparticles, liposomes, nanosuspension, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines can be used in the effective treatment of inflammatory lung diseases at both cellular and molecular levels. This would also help significantly in the reduction of patient mortality. Therefore, nanotechnology could be a potent platform for repurposing current medications in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. The aim and approach of this article are to highlight the clinical manifestations of cytokine storm in inflammatory lung diseases along with the advances and potential applications of nanotechnology-based therapeutics in the management of cytokine storm. Further in-depth studies are required to understand the molecular pathophysiology, and how nanotechnology-based therapeutics can help to effectively combat this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, Galway, H91 HE94, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02YN77, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia.
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2037, Australia.
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia.
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Zhu M, Liu Y, Wang M, Liu T, Chu Z, Jin W. Facile construction of nanocubic Mn 3[Fe(CN) 6] 2@Pt based electrochemical DNA sensors for ultrafast precise determination of SARS-CoV-2. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108598. [PMID: 37992612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the high mortality and strong infection ability of COVID-19, the early rapid diagnosis is essential to reduce the risk of severe symptoms and the loss of lung function. In clinic, the commonly used detection methods, including the computed tomography (CT) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), are often time-consuming with bulky instruments, which normally require more than one hour to report the results. To shorten the analytical period for testing the COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2), we proposed an ultrafast and ultrasensitive DNA sensors to achieve an accurate determination of the DNA sequence by the RNA reverse transcription (rtDNA) of the SARS-CoV-2. A nanocubic architecture of the MnFe@Pt crystals was constructed to integrate both electrocatalysis and conductivity to greatly improve the biosensing performance. After the immobilization of a specific capture and report DNA on above nanocomposite, the rtDNA can be rapidly caught to the DNA sensor to form a double-helix structure, thus generating the current signal change. Within only 10 min, the as-prepared DNA sensors exhibited ultralow detection limit (1 × 10-20 M) and wide linear detection range, together with an outstanding selectivity among various interfering substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Meiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Wanqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
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Guan Z, Liu Q, Ma CB, Du Y. Electrochemical microfluidic sensing platforms for biosecurity analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05256-2. [PMID: 38523160 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Biosecurity encompasses the health and safety of humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In this article, "biosecurity" is defined as encompassing the comprehensive aspects of human, animal, plant, and environmental safety. Reliable biosecurity testing technology is the key point for effectively assessing biosecurity risks and ensuring biosecurity. Therefore, it is crucial to develop excellent detection technologies to detect risk factors that can affect biosecurity. An electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platform integrates fluid control, target recognition, signal transduction, and output and incorporates the advantages of electrochemical analysis technology and microfluidic technology. Thus, an electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platform, characterized by exceptional analytical sensitivity, portability, rapid analysis speed, low reagent consumption, and low risk of contamination, shows considerable promise for biosecurity detection compared to traditional, more complex, and time-consuming detection technologies. This review provides a concise introduction to electrochemical microfluidic biosensors and biosecurity. It highlights recent research advances in utilizing electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platforms to assess biosecurity risk factors. It includes the use of electrochemical microfluidic biosensors for the detection of risk factors directly endangering biosecurity (direct application: namely, risk factors directly endangering the health of human, animals, and plants) and for the detection of risk factors indirectly endangering biosecurity (indirect application: namely, risk factors endangering the safety of food and the environment). Finally, we outline the current challenges and future perspectives of electrochemical microfluidic biosensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Chong-Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
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Hwang IC, Vasquez R, Song JH, Engstrand L, Valeriano VD, Kang DK. Alterations in the gut microbiome and its metabolites are associated with the immune response to mucosal immunization with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-displaying recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike epitopes in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1242681. [PMID: 37705931 PMCID: PMC10495993 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1242681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) expressing foreign antigens have great potential as mucosal vaccines. Our previous study reported that recombinant Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SK156 displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 epitopes elicited humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. Here, we further examined the effect of the LAB-based mucosal vaccine on gut microbiome composition and function, and gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Forty-nine (49) female BALB/c mice were orally administered L. plantarum SK156-displaying SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 epitopes thrice (at 14-day intervals). Mucosal immunization considerably altered the gut microbiome of mice by enriching the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Muribaculaceae, Mucispirillum, Ruminococcaceae, Alistipes, Roseburia, and Clostridia vadinBB60. Moreover, the predicted function of the gut microbiome showed increased metabolic pathways for amino acids, energy, carbohydrates, cofactors, and vitamins. The fecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, was also altered by mucosal immunization. Notably, alterations in gut microbiome composition, function, and butyrate levels were positively associated with the immune response to the vaccine. Our results suggest that the gut microbiome and its metabolites may have influenced the immunogenicity of the LAB-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chan Hwang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Robie Vasquez
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerie Diane Valeriano
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Khedr A, Khayat MT, Khayyat AN, Asfour HZ, Alsilmi RA, Kammoun AK. Accumulation of oxysterols in the erythrocytes of COVID-19 patients as a biomarker for case severity. Respir Res 2023; 24:206. [PMID: 37612691 PMCID: PMC10464166 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high risk of COVID-19 patients developing thrombosis in the circulating blood, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction, it is necessary to study the lipidome of erythrocytes. Specifically, we examined the pathogenic oxysterols and acylcarnitines in the erythrocyte homogenate of COVID-19 patients. These molecules can damage cells and contribute to the development of these diseases. METHODS This study included 30 patients and 30 healthy volunteers. The erythrocyte homogenate extract was analyzed using linear ion trap mass spectrometry combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentrations of oxysterols and acylcarnitines in erythrocyte homogenates of healthy individuals and COVID-19 patients were measured. Elevated levels of toxic biomarkers in red blood cells could initiate oxidative stress, leading to a process known as Eryptosis. RESULTS In COVID-19 patients, the levels of five oxysterols and six acylcarnitines in erythrocyte homogenates were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals, with a p-value of less than 0.05. The mean total concentration of oxysterols in the red blood cells of COVID-19 patients was 23.36 ± 13.47 μg/mL, while in healthy volunteers, the mean total concentration was 4.92 ± 1.61 μg/mL. The 7-ketocholesterol and 4-cholestenone levels were five and ten times higher, respectively, in COVID-19 patients than in healthy individuals. The concentration of acylcarnitines in the red blood cell homogenate of COVID-19 patients was 2 to 4 times higher than that of healthy volunteers on average. This finding suggests that these toxic biomarkers may cause the red blood cell death seen in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS The abnormally high levels of oxysterols and acylcarnitines found in the erythrocytes of COVID-19 patients were associated with the severity of the cases, complications, and the substantial risk of thrombosis. The concentration of oxysterols in the erythrocyte homogenate could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for COVID-19 case severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maan T Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab N Khayyat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Z Asfour
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmah A Alsilmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Kammoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Rodrigues NCP, de Noronha Andrade MK, Netto JT, Monteiro DLM, Lino VTS, Almeida EGR. Applying fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis to identify typical symptoms of COVID-19 infection in a primary care unit, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22319. [PMID: 36566326 PMCID: PMC9789733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify a set of symptoms that could be predictive of SARS-CoV-2 cases in the triage of Primary Care services with the contribution of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) using Fuzzy Sets (fsQCA). A cross-sectional study was carried out in a Primary Health Care Unit/FIOCRUZ from 09/17/2020 to 05/05/2021. The study population was suspect cases that performed diagnostic tests for COVID-19. We collected information about the symptoms to identify which configurations are associated with positive and negative cases. For analysis, we used fsQCA to explain the outcomes "being a positive case" and "not being a positive case". The solution term "loss of taste or smell and no headache" showed the highest degree of association with the positive result (consistency = 0.81). The solution term "absence of loss of taste or smell combined with the absence of fever" showed the highest degree of association (consistency = 0,79) and is the one that proportionally best explains the negative result. Our results may be useful to the presumptive clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in scenarios where access to diagnostic tests is not available. We used an innovative method used in complex problems in Public Health, the fsQCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues
- grid.418854.40000 0004 0602 9605Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041210 Brazil ,grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro/Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524-7th floor, Block D, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21041-210 Brazil
| | - Mônica Kramer de Noronha Andrade
- grid.418854.40000 0004 0602 9605Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041210 Brazil
| | - Joaquim Teixeira Netto
- grid.418854.40000 0004 0602 9605Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041210 Brazil
| | - Denise Leite Maia Monteiro
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu, 444-2º Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 20550-170 Brazil
| | - Valéria Teresa Saraiva Lino
- grid.418854.40000 0004 0602 9605Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041210 Brazil
| | - Eric Gustavo Ramos Almeida
- grid.412211.50000 0004 4687 5267Instituto de Medicina Social Hesio Cordeiro/Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524-7th floor, Block D, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21041-210 Brazil
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Tan Y, Lu S, Wang B, Duan X, Zhang Y, Peng X, Li H, Lin A, Zhan Z, Liu X. Single-cell transcriptome atlas reveals protective characteristics of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28161. [PMID: 36124363 PMCID: PMC9538852 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are promising alternatives to conventional vaccines in many aspects. We previously developed a lipopolyplex (LPP)-based mRNA vaccine (SW0123) that demonstrated robust immunogenicity and strong protective capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in mice and rhesus macaques. However, the immune profiles and mechanisms of pulmonary protection induced by SW0123 remain unclear. Through high-resolution single-cell analysis, we found that SW0123 vaccination effectively suppressed SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting the recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages and increasing the frequency of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In addition, the apoptotic process in both lung epithelial and endothelial cells was significantly inhibited, which was proposed to be one major mechanism contributing to vaccine-induced lung protection. Cell-cell interaction in the lung compartment was also altered by vaccination. These data collectively unravel the mechanisms by which the SW0123 protects against lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Liver Surgery, Shanghai Institute of TransplantationRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- National Kunming High‐level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeYunnanChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xuewen Duan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- Department of Pathogen BiologyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina,National Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- National Kunming High‐level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeYunnanChina
| | | | - Ang Lin
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhenzhen Zhan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Department of Liver Surgery, Shanghai Institute of TransplantationRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xingguang Liu
- Department of Pathogen BiologyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina,National Key Laboratory of Medical ImmunologyNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Jafari A, Esmaeilzadeh Z, Khezri MR, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Pashapour S, Sadeghpour S, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. An overview of possible pivotal mechanisms of Genistein as a potential phytochemical against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A hypothesis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14345. [PMID: 35866873 PMCID: PMC9350103 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has been caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It is a global problem that humanity has not yet found a definitive solution for it. In this regard, a global effort has been done to find effective or potential adjuvant therapies in order to fight this infection. Genistein is a small, biologically active phytoestrogen flavonoid that is found in high amounts in soy and plants of the Fabaceae family. This important compound is known due to its anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Additionally, protective effects of genistein have been reported in different pathological conditions through modulating intracellular pathways such as PI3K, Akt, mTOR, NF‐κB, PPARγ, AMPK, and Nrf2. Scientific evidence suggests that genistein could have a potential role to treat COVID‐19 through its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant effects. Furthermore, it appears to interfere with intracellular pathways involved in viral entry into the cell. This review provides a basis for further research and development of clinical applications of genistein as a potential alternative therapy to decrease inflammation and oxidative stress in COVID‐19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zeinab Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | | - Sarvin Pashapour
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sonia Sadeghpour
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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10
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Li X, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Gutiérrez-Castrellón P, Shi H. Cell deaths: Involvement in the pathogenesis and intervention therapy of COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:186. [PMID: 35697684 PMCID: PMC9189267 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has dramatically influenced various aspects of the world. It is urgent to thoroughly study pathology and underlying mechanisms for developing effective strategies to prevent and treat this threatening disease. It is universally acknowledged that cell death and cell autophagy are essential and crucial to maintaining host homeostasis and participating in disease pathogenesis. At present, more than twenty different types of cell death have been discovered, some parts of which have been fully understood, whereas some of which need more investigation. Increasing studies have indicated that cell death and cell autophagy caused by coronavirus might play an important role in virus infection and pathogenicity. However, the knowledge of the interactions and related mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 between cell death and cell autophagy lacks systematic elucidation. Therefore, in this review, we comprehensively delineate how SARS-CoV-2 manipulates diverse cell death (including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis) and cell autophagy for itself benefits, which is simultaneously involved in the occurrence and progression of COVID-19, aiming to provide a reasonable basis for the existing interventions and further development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Ke Yuan 4th Road, Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Pedro Gutiérrez-Castrellón
- Center for Translational Research on Health Science, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez. Ministry of Health, Calz. Tlalpan 4800, Col. Secc. XVI, 14080, Mexico city, Mexico.
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Xu J, Cao Z, Ji C, Zhou L, Yan X, Sun Y, Ma J. Analysis of Interaction Network Between Host Protein and M Protein of Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858460. [PMID: 35464981 PMCID: PMC9024367 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an enterovirus that can cause acute diarrhea and death in piglets and cause serious economic losses to the pig industry. SADS-CoV membrane (M) protein mainly plays a key role in biological processes, such as virus assembly, budding, and host innate immune regulation. Understanding the interaction between M protein and host proteins is very important to define the molecular mechanism of cells at the protein level and to understand specific cellular physiological pathways. In this study, 289 host proteins interacting with M protein were identified by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established by Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis. Results showed that SADS-CoV M protein was mainly associated with the host metabolism, signal transduction, and innate immunity. The Co-Immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) validation results of six randomly selected proteins, namely, Rab11b, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1), Ribosomal Protein L18 (RPL18), RALY, Ras Homolog Family Member A (RHOA), and Annexin A2 (ANXA2), were consistent with LC-MS results. In addition, overexpression of RPL18 and PHOA significantly promoted SADS-CoV replication, while overexpression of RALY antagonized viral replication. This work will help to clarify the function of SADS-CoV M protein in the life cycle of SADS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chihai Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Yuan Sun
| | - Jingyun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyun Ma
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