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Park C, Lim W, Song R, Han J, You D, Kim S, Lee JE, van Noort D, Mandenius CF, Lee J, Hyun KA, Jung HI, Park S. Efficient separation of large particles and giant cancer cells using an isosceles trapezoidal spiral microchannel. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 39049608 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) contribute to the genetic heterogeneity and evolutionary dynamics of tumors. Their size, however, complicates their isolation from mainstream tumor cell populations. Standard techniques like fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) rely on fluorescent labeling, introducing potential challenges in subsequent PGCC analyses. In response, we developed the Isosceles Trapezoidal Spiral Microchannel (ITSμC), a microfluidic device optimizing the Dean drag force (FD) and exploiting uniform vortices for enhanced separation. Numerical simulations highlighted ITSμC's advantage in producing robust FD compared to rectangular and standard trapezoidal channels. Empirical results confirmed its ability to segregate larger polystyrene (PS) particles (avg. diameter: 50 μm) toward the inner wall, while directing smaller ones (avg. diameter: 23 μm) outward. Utilizing ITSμC, we efficiently isolated PGCCs from doxorubicin-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (DOXR-TNBC) and patient-derived cancer (PDC) cells, achieving outstanding purity, yield, and viability rates (all greater than 90%). This precision was accomplished without fluorescent markers, and the versatility of ITSμC suggests its potential in differentiating a wide range of heterogeneous cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyong Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Wanyoung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ryungeun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jeonghun Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Daeun You
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Korea
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medi-cine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Danny van Noort
- Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Mandenius
- Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Jinkee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hyun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
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2
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Wei YJ, Wei X, Zhang X, Wu CX, Cai JY, Chen ML, Wang JH. A hydrodynamic-based dual-function microfluidic chip for high throughput discriminating tumor cells. Talanta 2024; 273:125884. [PMID: 38508128 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
A hydrodynamic-based microfluidic chip consisted of two function units that could not only separate tumor cells (TCs) from whole blood but also remove residual blood cells was designed. The separation of TCs was achieved by a straight contraction-expansion array (CEA) microchannel on the front end of the chip. The addition of contractive structure brought a micro-vortex like Dean vortex that promoted cell focusing in the channel, while when cells entered the dilated region, the wall-induced lift force generated by the channel wall gave cells a push away from the wall. As the wall-induced lift force is proportional to the third power of the cell diameter, TCs with larger diameter will have a larger lateral migration under the wall-induced lift force, realizing the separation of TCs from blood sample. Fluorescent particles with diameters of 19.3 μm and 4.5 μm were used to simulate TCs and red blood cells, respectively, to verify the separation capacity of the proposed CEA microchannel for particles with different diameter. And a separation efficiency 98.7% for 19.3 μm particles and a removal rate 96.2% for 4.5 μm particles was observed at sample flow rate of 10 μL min-1 and sheath flow rate of 190 μL min-1. In addition, a separation efficiency about 96.1% for MCF-7 cells (stained with DiI) and removal rates of 96.2% for red blood cells (RBCs) and 98.7% for white blood cells (WBCs) were also obtained under the same condition. However, on account of the large number of blood cells in the blood, there will be a large number of blood cells remained in the isolated TCs, so a purification unit based on hydrodynamic filtration (HDF) was added after the separation microchannel. The purification channel is a size-dictated cell filter that can remove residual blood cells but retain TCs, thus achieving the purification of TCs. Combined the CEA microchannel and the purifier, the microchip facilitates sorting of MCF-7 cells from whole blood with a separation rate about 95.3% and a removal rate over 99.99% for blood cells at a sample flow rate of 10 μL min-1, sheath flow rate of 190 μL min-1 and washing flow rate of 63 μL min-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Wei
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Cheng-Xing Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ji-Ying Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ming-Li Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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Wandrey M, Jablonska J, Stauber RH, Gül D. Exosomes in Cancer Progression and Therapy Resistance: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2033. [PMID: 37895415 PMCID: PMC10608050 DOI: 10.3390/life13102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of therapy resistance still represents a major hurdle in treating cancers, leading to impaired treatment success and increased patient morbidity. The establishment of minimally invasive liquid biopsies is a promising approach to improving the early diagnosis, as well as therapy monitoring, of solid tumors. Because of their manifold functions in the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated small extracellular vesicles, referred to as exosomes, have become a subject of intense research. Besides their important roles in cancer progression, metastasis, and the immune response, it has been proposed that exosomes also contribute to the acquisition and transfer of therapy resistance, mainly by delivering functional proteins and RNAs, as well as facilitating the export of active drugs or functioning as extracellular decoys. Extensive research has focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of resistance and translating these into strategies for early detection. With this review, we want to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the (patho-)biology of exosomes, as well as state-of-the-art methods of isolation and analysis. Furthermore, we highlight the role of exosomes in tumorigenesis and cancer treatment, where they can function as therapeutic agents, biomarkers, and/or targets. By focusing on their roles in therapy resistance, we will reveal new paths of exploiting exosomes for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madita Wandrey
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.W.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Translational Oncology/ENT Department, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.W.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Désirée Gül
- Nanobiomedicine/ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.W.); (R.H.S.)
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Choi HJ, Ahn G, Yu US, Kim EJ, Ahn JY, Chan Jeong O. Pneumatically Driven Microfluidic Platform and Fully Automated Particle Concentration System for the Capture and Enrichment of Pathogens. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28344-28354. [PMID: 37576663 PMCID: PMC10413479 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a pneumatically driven microfluidic platform (PDMFP) operated by a fully automated particle concentration system (FAPCS) for the pretreatment of micro- and nano-sized materials. The proposed PDMFP comprises a 3D network with a curved fluidic chamber and channel, five on/off pneumatic valves for blocking fluid flow, and a sieve valve for sequential trapping of microbeads and target particles. Using this setup, concentrated targets are automatically released into an outlet port. The FAPCS mainly comprises solenoid valves, glass reservoirs, a regulator, pressure sensor, main printed circuit board, and liquid crystal display touch panel. All pneumatic valves in the microfluidic platform as well as the working fluids in the glass reservoirs are controlled using FAPCS. The flow rate of the working fluids is measured to demonstrate the sequential programed operation of the proposed pretreatment process using FAPCS. In our study, we successfully achieved rapid and efficient enrichment using PDMFP-FAPCS with fluorescence-labeled Escherichia coli. With pretreatment-10 min for the microbead concentration and 25 min for target binding-almost all the target bacteria could be captured. A total of 526 Gram-negative bacteria were attached to 82 beads, whereas Gram-positive bacteria were attached to only 2 of the 100 beads. Finally, we evaluated the PDMFP-FAPCS for SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) (RBD-OMVs). Specific probes involved in PDMFP-FAPCS successfully isolated RBD-OMVs. Thus, PDMFP-FAPCS exhibits excellent enrichment of particles, including microbes and nanovesicles, and is an effective pretreatment platform for disease diagnosis and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Choi
- Department
of Digital Anti-Aging Health Care, Inje
University - Gimhae Campus, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Gna Ahn
- Center
for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - U Seok Yu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University
- Gimhae Campus, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department
of Digital Anti-Aging Health Care, Inje
University - Gimhae Campus, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Ahn
- Center
for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Chan Jeong
- Department
of Digital Anti-Aging Health Care, Inje
University - Gimhae Campus, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University
- Gimhae Campus, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhao K, Wei Y, Zhao P, Kong D, Gao T, Pan X, Wang J. Tunable magnetophoretic method for distinguishing and separating wear debris particles in an Fe-PDMS-based microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1210-1219. [PMID: 37075199 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Wear debris analysis provides an early warning of mechanical transmission system aging and wear fault diagnosis, which has been widely used in machine health monitoring. The ability to detect and distinguish the ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic debris in oil is becoming an effective way to assess the health status of machinery. In this work, an Fe-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based magnetophoretic method for the continuous separation of ferromagnetic iron particles by diameter and the isolation of ferromagnetic particles and nonmagnetic particles with similar diameter by type is developed. The particles experience magnetophoretic effects when passing through the vicinity of the Fe-PDMS where the strongest gradient of the magnetic fields exists. By choosing a relatively short distance between the magnet and the sidewall of the horizontal main channel and the length of Fe-PDMS with controlled particles flow rate, the diameter-dependent separation of ferromagnetic iron particles, that is, smaller than 7 µm, in the range of 8-12 µm, and larger than 14 µm, and the isolation of ferromagnetic iron particles and nonmagnetic aluminum particles based on opposite magnetophoretic behaviors by types are demonstrated, providing a potential method for the detection of wear debris particles with a high sensitivity and resolution and the diagnostic of mechanical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yunman Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Penglu Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Dejian Kong
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Tianbo Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Maritime, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, P. R. China
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6
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Islam MS, Chen X. Continuous CTC separation through a DEP-based contraction-expansion inertial microfluidic channel. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3341. [PMID: 36970770 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The efficient isolation of viable and intact circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood is critical for the genetic analysis of cancer cells, prediction of cancer progression, development of drugs, and evaluation of therapeutic treatments. While conventional cell separation devices utilize the size difference between CTCs and other blood cells, they fail to separate CTCs from white blood cells (WBCs) due to significant size overlap. To overcome this issue, we present a novel approach that combines curved contraction-expansion (CE) channels with dielectrophoresis (DEP) and inertial microfluidics to isolate CTCs from WBCs regardless of size overlap. This label-free and continuous separation method utilizes dielectric properties and size variation of cells for the separation of CTCs from WBCs. The results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid microfluidic channel can effectively isolate A549 CTCs from WBCs regardless of their size with a throughput of 300 μL/min, achieving a high separation distance of 233.4 μm at an applied voltage of 50 Vp-p . The proposed method allows for the modification of cell migration characteristics by controlling the number of CE sections of the channel, applied voltage, applied frequency, and flow rate. With its unique features of a single-stage separation, simple design, and tunability, the proposed method provides a promising alternative to the existing label-free cell separation techniques and may have a wide range of applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadiqul Islam
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, USA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, Washington, 98686, USA
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Ece E, Hacıosmanoğlu N, Inci F. Microfluidics as a Ray of Hope for Microplastic Pollution. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:332. [PMID: 36979544 PMCID: PMC10046247 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is rising at an alarming rate, imposing overwhelming problems for the ecosystem. The impact of MPs on life and environmental cycles has already reached a point of no return; yet global awareness of this issue and regulations regarding MP exposure could change this situation in favor of human health. Detection and separation methods for different MPs need to be deployed to achieve the goal of reversing the effect of MPs. Microfluidics is a well-established technology that enables to manipulate samples in microliter volumes in an unprecedented manner. Owing to its low cost, ease of operation, and high efficiency, microfluidics holds immense potential to tackle unmet challenges in MP. In this review, conventional MP detection and separation technologies are comprehensively reviewed, along with state-of-the-art examples of microfluidic platforms. In addition, we herein denote an insight into future directions for microfluidics and how this technology would provide a more efficient solution to potentially eradicate MP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ece
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Nedim Hacıosmanoğlu
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Fatih Inci
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Habibey R, Rojo Arias JE, Striebel J, Busskamp V. Microfluidics for Neuronal Cell and Circuit Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14842-14880. [PMID: 36070858 PMCID: PMC9523714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of microfluidic devices among the neuroscience and neurobiology communities has enabled addressing a broad range of questions at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and system levels. Here, we review biomedical engineering approaches that harness the power of microfluidics for bottom-up generation of neuronal cell types and for the assembly and analysis of neural circuits. Microfluidics-based approaches are instrumental to generate the knowledge necessary for the derivation of diverse neuronal cell types from human pluripotent stem cells, as they enable the isolation and subsequent examination of individual neurons of interest. Moreover, microfluidic devices allow to engineer neural circuits with specific orientations and directionality by providing control over neuronal cell polarity and permitting the isolation of axons in individual microchannels. Similarly, the use of microfluidic chips enables the construction not only of 2D but also of 3D brain, retinal, and peripheral nervous system model circuits. Such brain-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip technologies are promising platforms for studying these organs as they closely recapitulate some aspects of in vivo biological processes. Microfluidic 3D neuronal models, together with 2D in vitro systems, are widely used in many applications ranging from drug development and toxicology studies to neurological disease modeling and personalized medicine. Altogether, microfluidics provide researchers with powerful systems that complement and partially replace animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Habibey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesús Eduardo Rojo Arias
- Wellcome─MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Striebel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
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Altay R, Yapici MK, Koşar A. A Hybrid Spiral Microfluidic Platform Coupled with Surface Acoustic Waves for Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting and Separation: A Numerical Study. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030171. [PMID: 35323441 PMCID: PMC8946654 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples is crucial for the early diagnosis of cancer. During recent years, hybrid microfluidics platforms, consisting of both passive and active components, have been an emerging means for the label-free enrichment of circulating tumor cells due to their advantages such as multi-target cell processing with high efficiency and high sensitivity. In this study, spiral microchannels with different dimensions were coupled with surface acoustic waves (SAWs). Numerical simulations were conducted at different Reynolds numbers to analyze the performance of hybrid devices in the sorting and separation of CTCs from red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs). Overall, in the first stage, the two-loop spiral microchannel structure allowed for the utilization of inertial forces for passive separation. In the second stage, SAWs were introduced to the device. Thus, five nodal pressure lines corresponding to the lateral position of the five outlets were generated. According to their physical properties, the cells were trapped and lined up on the corresponding nodal lines. The results showed that three different cell types (CTCs, RBCs, and WBCs) were successfully focused and collected from the different outlets of the microchannels by implementing the proposed multi-stage hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Altay
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (R.A.); (M.K.Y.)
| | - Murat Kaya Yapici
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (R.A.); (M.K.Y.)
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey; (R.A.); (M.K.Y.)
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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10
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Exosomal RNAs: Novel Potential Biomarkers for Diseases-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052461. [PMID: 35269604 PMCID: PMC8910301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of nano-sized extracellular vesicles originating from endosomes. Exosomes mediate cell-to-cell communication with their cargos, which includes mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. Exosomal RNAs have cell specificity and reflect the conditions of their donor cells. Notably, their detection in biofluids can be used as a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Exosomal RNAs are ideal biomarkers because their surrounding membranes confer stability and they are detectable in almost all biofluids, which helps to reduce trauma and avoid invasive examinations. However, knowledge of exosomal biomarkers remains scarce. The present review summarizes the biogenesis, secretion, and uptake of exosomes, the current researches exploring exosomal mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of human diseases, as well as recent techniques of exosome isolation.
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11
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Khan M, Chen X. Numerical study of dielectrophoresis-modified inertial migration for overlapping sized cell separation. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:879-891. [PMID: 35015306 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been proven to have significant prognostic, diagnostic, and clinical values in early-stage cancer detection and treatment. The efficient separation of CTCs from peripheral blood can ensure intact and viable CTCs and can, thus, give proper genetic characterization and drug innovation. In this study, continuous and high-throughput separation of MDA-231 CTCs from overlapping sized white blood cells (WBCs) is achieved by modifying inertial cell focusing with dielectrophoresis (DEP) in a single-stage microfluidic platform by numeric simulation. The DEP is enabled by embedding interdigitated electrodes with alternating field control on a serpentine microchannel to avoid creating two-stage separation. Rather than using the electrokinetic migration of cells which slows down the throughput, the system leverages the inertial microfluidic flow to achieve high-speed continuous separation. The cell migration and cell positioning characteristics are quantified through coupled physics analyses to evaluate the effects of the applied voltages and Reynolds numbers (Re) on the separation performance. The results indicate that the introduction of DEP successfully migrates WBCs away from CTCs and that separation of MDA-231 CTCs from similar sized WBCs at a high Re of 100 can be achieved with a low voltage of magnitude 4 ×106 V/m. Additionally, the viability of MDA-231 CTCs is expected to be sustained after separation due to the short-term DEP exposure. The developed technique could be exploited to design active microchips for high-throughput separation of mixed cell beads despite their significant size overlap, using DEP-modified inertial focusing controlled simply by adjusting the applied external field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khan
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
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12
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Determining Particle Size and Position in a Coplanar Electrode Setup Using Measured Opacity for Microfluidic Cytometry. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100353. [PMID: 34677309 PMCID: PMC8533872 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic impedance flow cytometers enable high-throughput, non-invasive, and label-free detection of single-cells. Cytometers with coplanar electrodes are easy and cheap to fabricate, but are sensitive to positional differences of passing particles, owing to the inhomogeneous electric field. We present a novel particle height compensation method, which employs the dependence of measured electrical opacity on particle height. The measured electrical opacity correlates with the particle height as a result of the constant electrical double layer series capacitance of the electrodes. As an alternative to existing compensation methods, we use only two coplanar electrodes and multi-frequency analysis to determine the particle size of a mixture of 5, 6, and 7 µm polystyrene beads with an accuracy (CV) of 5.8%, 4.0%, and 2.9%, respectively. Additionally, we can predict the bead height with an accuracy of 1.5 µm (8% of channel height) using the measured opacity and we demonstrate its application in flow cytometry with yeast. The use of only two electrodes is of special interest for simplified, easy-to-use chips with a minimum amount of instrumentation and of limited size.
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Chong WH, Leong SS, Lim J. Design and operation of magnetophoretic systems at microscale: Device and particle approaches. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2303-2328. [PMID: 34213767 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Combining both device and particle designs are the essential concepts to be considered in magnetophoretic system development. Researcher efforts are often dedicated to only one of these design aspects and neglecting the interplay between them. Herein, to bring out importance of the idea of integration between device and particle, we reviewed the working principle of magnetophoretic system (includes both device and particle design concepts). Since, the magnetophoretic force is influenced by both field gradient and magnetization volume, hence, accurate prediction of the magnetophoretic force is relying on the availability of information on both parameters. In device design, we focus on the different strategies used to create localized high-field gradient. For particle design, we emphasize on the scaling between hydrodynamic size and magnetization volume. Moreover, we also briefly discussed the importance of magnetoshape anisotropy related to particle design aspect of magnetophoretic systems. Next, we illustrated the need for integration between device and particle design using microscale applications of magnetophoretic systems, include magnetic tweezers and microfluidic systems, as our working example. On the basis of our discussion, we highlighted several promising examples of microscale magnetophoretic systems which greatly utilized the interplay between device and particle design. Further, we concluded the review with several factors that possibly resulted in the lack of research efforts related to device and particle design integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hong Chong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sim Siong Leong
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - JitKang Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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14
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Visualization and Measurements of Blood Cells Flowing in Microfluidic Systems and Blood Rheology: A Personalized Medicine Perspective. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040249. [PMID: 33256123 PMCID: PMC7712771 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorheological alterations in the majority of metabolic diseases are always connected with blood rheology disturbances, such as the increase of blood and plasma viscosity, cell aggregation enhancement, and reduction of the red blood cells (RBCs) deformability. Thus, the visualizations and measurements of blood cells deformability flowing in microfluidic devices (point-of-care devices) can provide vital information to diagnose early symptoms of blood diseases and consequently to be used as a fast clinical tool for early detection of biomarkers. For instance, RBCs rigidity has been correlated with myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, among other blood diseases. In order to better understand the blood cells behavior in microfluidic devices, rheological properties analysis is gaining interest by the biomedical committee, since it is strongly dependent on the interactions and mechanical cells proprieties. In addition, the development of blood analogue fluids capable of reproducing the rheological properties of blood and mimic the RBCs behavior at in vitro conditions is crucial for the design, performance and optimization of the microfluidic devices frequently used for personalized medicine. By combining the unique features of the hemorheology and microfluidic technology for single-cell analysis, valuable advances in personalized medicine for new treatments and diagnosis approach can be achieved.
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Jafari D, Malih S, Eini M, Jafari R, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Sadeghizadeh M, Samadikuchaksaraei A. Improvement, scaling-up, and downstream analysis of exosome production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1098-1112. [PMID: 32772758 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are the most researched extracellular vesicles. In many biological, physiological, and pathological studies, they have been identified as suitable candidates for treatment and diagnosis of diseases by acting as the carriers of both drugs and genes. Considerable success has been achieved regarding the use of exosomes for tissue regeneration, cancer diagnosis, and targeted drug/gene delivery to specific tissues. While major progress has been made in exosome extraction and purification, extraction of large quantities of exosomes is still a major challenge. This issue limits the scope of both exosome-based research and therapeutic development. In this review, we have aimed to summarize experimental studies focused at increasing the number of exosomes. Biotechnological studies aimed at identifying the pathways of exosome biogenesis to manipulate some genes in order to increase the production of exosomes. Generally, two major strategies are employed to increase the production of exosomes. First, oogenesis pathways are genetically manipulated to overexpress activator genes of exosome biogenesis and downregulate the genes involved in exosome recycling pathways. Second, manipulation of the cell culture medium, treatment with specific drugs, and limiting certain conditions can force the cell to produce more exosomes. In this study, we have reviewed and categorized these strategies. It is hoped that the information presented in this review will provide a better understanding for expanding biotechnological approaches in exosome-based therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davod Jafari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Malih
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Jafari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Samadikuchaksaraei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Topuzoğlu A, Ilgın C. Mentalexo approach for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:109823. [PMID: 32460206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychiatric disorders cause a high burden of disease and disability for the society. Liquid biopsies provide potent opportunities for screening programs, diagnosis, prognostic stratification and treatment monitorization. Previously, the liquid biopsy studies were mainly focused on the several malignancies without proper screen methods, but this approach has also a strong potential for decreasing disease burden in CNS pathologies. The main restriction for the diagnosis of CNS diseases is the lack of the methods to receive biochemical/functional information form a tightly enveloped compartment. THE HYPOTHESIS/THEORY In this proposal, we aim to develop a fast and cheap diagnostic platform based on the detection of exosomes originating from the central nervous system (CNS) cells. We intended to develop a sensor device with minimum maintenance costs, which is highly specific and sensitive for psychiatric diseases. EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS/IDEA In order to give background information for our proposal; we began with reviewing the concept of liquid biopsies and adaptation of this concept for psychiatric disorders. Then we discussed the conventional and novel methods for the detection of extracellular vesicles (EV). Furthermore, we discussed the detection of exosomes originating from central nervous system and methods analyzing the content of the EVs. Additionally, we reviewed the imaging techniques for detection and visualization of EVs. EMPIRICAL DATA We used in silico research tools (MetaCore™ version 6.37, Clarivate Analytics, and ExoCarta database) to detect appropriate disease specific exosomal markers. We proposed our design for the detection of EVs based on the immune-capture of EVs and detection of surface antigens via the antibody conjugated fluorophores. We also proposed a design to increase the channels for detection of exosomal antigens by using bioinformatics methods, including pathway networks, RDOC matrices and exosome databases which we called "Mentalexo" approach. We applied this approach on depression and addiction disorders in order to find appropriate exosomal markers. CONSEQUENCES OF THE HYPOTHESIS AND DISCUSSION We believe that our proposal may contribute to the conception of new diagnostic devices focusing on the detection of exosomes in psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Topuzoğlu
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Turkey.
| | - Can Ilgın
- Histology and Embriology, Public Health Residency, Marmara University School of Medicine Department of Public Health, Turkey
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17
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Yang D, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang F, Chen L, Ma L, Larcher LM, Chen S, Liu N, Zhao Q, Tran PH, Chen C, Veedu RN, Wang T. Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics. Theranostics 2020; 10:3684-3707. [PMID: 32206116 PMCID: PMC7069071 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-150 nm. In both physiological and pathological conditions, nearly all types of cells can release exosomes, which play important roles in cell communication and epigenetic regulation by transporting crucial protein and genetic materials such as miRNA, mRNA, and DNA. Consequently, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutic methods have been intensively investigated. However, as in any natural science field, the in-depth investigation of exosomes relies heavily on technological advances. Historically, the two main technical hindrances that have restricted the basic and applied researches of exosomes include, first, how to simplify the extraction and improve the yield of exosomes and, second, how to effectively distinguish exosomes from other extracellular vesicles, especially functional microvesicles. Over the past few decades, although a standardized exosome isolation method has still not become available, a number of techniques have been established through exploration of the biochemical and physicochemical features of exosomes. In this work, by comprehensively analyzing the progresses in exosome separation strategies, we provide a panoramic view of current exosome isolation techniques, providing perspectives toward the development of novel approaches for high-efficient exosome isolation from various types of biological matrices. In addition, from the perspective of exosome-based diagnosis and therapeutics, we emphasize the issue of quantitative exosome and microvesicle separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huanyun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery of Hebi People's Hospital; Hebi Neuroanatomical Laboratory, Hebi, 458030, China
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China, 450000
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Nature Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Lixia Ma
- School of Statistics, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Leon M. Larcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Suxiang Chen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Nan Liu
- General Practice Centre, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, 528244, Foshan, China
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Phuong H.L. Tran
- School of Medicine, and Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, 3216, Australia
| | - Changying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
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18
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Su W, Li H, Chen W, Qin J. Microfluidic strategies for label-free exosomes isolation and analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Advances in exosomes technology. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:14-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Dalili A, Samiei E, Hoorfar M. A review of sorting, separation and isolation of cells and microbeads for biomedical applications: microfluidic approaches. Analyst 2019; 144:87-113. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the microfluidic approaches for cell/particle isolation and sorting, and extensively explained the mechanism behind each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- University of Victoria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
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21
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Shi X, Liu L, Cao W, Zhu G, Tan W. A Dean-flow-coupled interfacial viscoelastic fluid for microparticle separation applied in a cell smear method. Analyst 2019; 144:5934-5946. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interfacial microfluidic device realizing cell separation and washing simultaneously and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
| | - Liyan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Tianjin Tumor Hospital
- Tianjin Medical University
- Tianjin 300070
- China
| | - Guorui Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
| | - Wei Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300350
- China
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22
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Alnaimat F, Dagher S, Mathew B, Hilal‐Alnqbi A, Khashan S. Microfluidics Based Magnetophoresis: A Review. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1596-1612. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Alnaimat
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentCollege of EngineeringUAE University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Sawsan Dagher
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentCollege of EngineeringUAE University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Bobby Mathew
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentCollege of EngineeringUAE University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Ali Hilal‐Alnqbi
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentCollege of EngineeringUAE University Al Ain Abu Dhabi UAE
- Abu Dhabi Polytechnic Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Saud Khashan
- Mechanical Engineering DepartmentJordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
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23
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Brazey B, Cottet J, Bolopion A, Van Lintel H, Renaud P, Gauthier M. Impedance-based real-time position sensor for lab-on-a-chip devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:818-831. [PMID: 29435551 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the theoretical and experimental development of an integrated position sensor for lab-on-a-chip devices. The interest for single cell analysis is growing. However, this requires monitoring and controlling cell displacements in real time during their journey in the chip. Due to the high number of cells that must be monitored at the same time, classical vision-based sensors are not suitable. This paper aims to present an alternative based on impedance measurement. The position of the cells is obtained from the variation of impedance measured between two electrodes. This technique presents several advantages: the sensor is integrated into the chip, the measurement electrodes are compatible with the fabrication process of actuation electrodes for dielectrophoresis, the sampling time of the sensor is high and the position of the cells can be obtained in real time. This article highlights the concept of position-sensitive impedance sensing. The design of the chip, and in particular of the electrodes, is discussed to improve the sensitivity and repeatability of the measurement. The issue of real-time detection in a noisy environment is solved by using an extended Kalman filter. As a first proof of concept, this article presents experimental validation on a 1D case to determine the longitudinal position of 8.7 μm diameter beads in a channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brazey
- FEMTO-ST Institute, AS2M Department, Univ. de Bourgogne Franche-Comté CNRS, 24 rue Savary, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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Gholizadeh S, Shehata Draz M, Zarghooni M, Sanati-Nezhad A, Ghavami S, Shafiee H, Akbari M. Microfluidic approaches for isolation, detection, and characterization of extracellular vesicles: Current status and future directions. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:588-605. [PMID: 28088752 PMCID: PMC5323331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles present in body fluids that play an essential role in various cellular processes, such as intercellular communication, inflammation, cellular homeostasis, survival, transport, and regeneration. Their isolation and analysis from body fluids have a great clinical potential to provide information on a variety of disease states such as cancer, cardiovascular complications and inflammatory disorders. Despite increasing scientific and clinical interest in this field, there are still no standardized procedures available for the purification, detection, and characterization of EVs. Advances in microfluidics allow for chemical sampling with increasingly high spatial resolution and under precise manipulation down to single molecule level. In this review, our objective is to give a brief overview on the working principle and examples of the isolation and detection methods with the potential to be used for extracellular vesicles. This review will also highlight the integrated on-chip systems for isolation and characterization of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Gholizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Shehata Draz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy& Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Canada; Health Research Policy Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, Canada V8P 2C5; Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada; Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
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25
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Alazzam A, Mathew B, Alhammadi F. Novel microfluidic device for the continuous separation of cancer cells using dielectrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1193-1200. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Alazzam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Khalifa University; Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Bobby Mathew
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Khalifa University; Abu Dhabi UAE
- Current address: Department of Mechanical Engineering; United Arab Emirates University; Al Ain UAE
| | - Falah Alhammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Khalifa University; Abu Dhabi UAE
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Abstract
In this study, we present a role of arrayed micropillar structures in cell rolling dynamics. Cell rolling on a ligand coated surface as a means of cell separation was demonstrated using a micropillar-integrated microfluidic channel. This approach allows the separation of cells according to characteristic surface properties, regardless of cell size. In these experiments, different moving trajectories of the cells between a ligand-coated micropost structure and a 1% BSA coated micropost structure were observed using sequential images. Based on the analysis of the angle of travel of cells in the trajectory, the average angles of travel on the ligand-coated microposts were 1.5° and -3.1° on a 1% BSA-coated micropost structure. The overall force equivalent applied to a cell can be analyzed to predict the cell rolling dynamics when a cell is detached. These results show that it will be possible to design chip geometry for delicate operations and to separate target cells. Furthermore, we believe that these control techniques based on a ligand coated micropillar surface can be used for enhancing cell rolling-based separation in a faster and more continuous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junemo Koo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
| | - SangJun Moon
- School of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Gu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Zhang Y, Pappas D. Microfluidic cell surface antigen expression analysis using a single antibody type. Analyst 2016; 141:1440-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A single-chip approach to capture and isolate cells based on differences in antigen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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28
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Chung AJ, Hur SC. High-Speed Microfluidic Manipulation of Cells. ADVANCED MICRO AND NANOSYSTEMS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527690237.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Jung H, Chun MS, Chang MS. Sorting of human mesenchymal stem cells by applying optimally designed microfluidic chip filtration. Analyst 2015; 140:1265-74. [PMID: 25555081 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01430h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) consist of heterogeneous subpopulations with different multipotent properties: small and large cells with high and low multipotency, respectively. Accordingly, sorting out a target subpopulation from the others is very important to increase the effectiveness of cell-based therapy. We performed flow-based sorting of hMSCs by using optimally designed microfluidic chips based on the hydrodynamic filtration (HDF) principle. The chip was designed with the parameters rigorously determined by the complete analysis of laminar flow for flow fraction and complicated networks of main and multi-branched channels for hMSCs sorting into three subpopulations: small (<25 μm), medium (25-40 μm), and large (>40 μm) cells. By focusing with a proper ratio between main and side flows, cells migrate toward the sidewall due to a virtual boundary of fluid layers and enter the branch channels. This opens the possibility of sorting stem cells rapidly without damage. Over 86% recovery was achieved for each population of cells with complete purity in small cells, but the sorting efficiency of cells is slightly lower than that of rigid model particles, due to the effect of cell deformation. Finally, we confirmed that our method could successfully fractionate the three subpopulations of hMSCs by analyzing the surface marker expressions of cells from each outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyung Jung
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Dept of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea.
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30
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McGrath J, Jimenez M, Bridle H. Deterministic lateral displacement for particle separation: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4139-58. [PMID: 25212386 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00939h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), a hydrodynamic, microfluidic technology, was first reported by Huang et al. in 2004 to separate particles on the basis of size in continuous flow with a resolution of down to 10 nm. For 10 years, DLD has been extensively studied, employed and modified by researchers in terms of theory, design, microfabrication and application to develop newer, faster and more efficient tools for separation of millimetre, micrometre and even sub-micrometre sized particles. To extend the range of potential applications, the specific arrangement of geometric features in DLD has also been adapted and/or coupled with external forces (e.g. acoustic, electric, gravitational) to separate particles on the basis of other properties than size such as the shape, deformability and dielectric properties of particles. Furthermore, investigations into DLD performance where inertial and non-Newtonian effects are present have been conducted. However, the evolvement and application of DLD has not yet been reviewed. In this paper, we collate many interesting publications to provide a comprehensive review of the development and diversity of this technology but also provide scope for future direction and detail the fundamentals for those wishing to design such devices for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McGrath
- Heriot-Watt University, Microfluidic Biotech Group, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), Riccarton, Edinburgh, UK.
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Song Y, Li M, Pan X, Wang Q, Li D. Size-based cell sorting with a resistive pulse sensor and an electromagnetic pump in a microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:398-404. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine Engineering; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Department of Marine Engineering; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xinxiang Pan
- Department of Marine Engineering; Dalian Maritime University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; The second affiliated hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Ontario Canada
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Geislinger TM, Franke T. Hydrodynamic lift of vesicles and red blood cells in flow--from Fåhræus & Lindqvist to microfluidic cell sorting. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 208:161-76. [PMID: 24674656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic lift forces acting on cells and particles in fluid flow receive ongoing attention from medicine, mathematics, physics and engineering. The early findings of Fåhræus & Lindqvist on the viscosity change of blood with the diameter of capillaries motivated extensive studies both experimentally and theoretically to illuminate the underlying physics. We review this historical development that led to the discovery of the inertial and non-inertial lift forces and elucidate the origins of these forces that are still not entirely clear. Exploiting microfluidic techniques induced a tremendous amount of new insights especially into the more complex interactions between the flow field and deformable objects like vesicles or red blood cells. We trace the way from the investigation of single cell dynamics to the recent developments of microfluidic techniques for particle and cell sorting using hydrodynamic forces. Such continuous and label-free on-chip cell sorting devices promise to revolutionize medical analyses for personalized point-of-care diagnosis. We present the state-of-the-art of different hydrodynamic lift-based techniques and discuss their advantages and limitations.
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