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Rizvi A, Mulvey JT, Carpenter BP, Talosig R, Patterson JP. A Close Look at Molecular Self-Assembly with the Transmission Electron Microscope. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14232-14280. [PMID: 34329552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is pervasive in the formation of living and synthetic materials. Knowledge gained from research into the principles of molecular self-assembly drives innovation in the biological, chemical, and materials sciences. Self-assembly processes span a wide range of temporal and spatial domains and are often unintuitive and complex. Studying such complex processes requires an arsenal of analytical and computational tools. Within this arsenal, the transmission electron microscope stands out for its unique ability to visualize and quantify self-assembly structures and processes. This review describes the contribution that the transmission electron microscope has made to the field of molecular self-assembly. An emphasis is placed on which TEM methods are applicable to different structures and processes and how TEM can be used in combination with other experimental or computational methods. Finally, we provide an outlook on the current challenges to, and opportunities for, increasing the impact that the transmission electron microscope can have on molecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoon Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Brooke P Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Rain Talosig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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2
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Jiang X, Sun J, Zuckermann RN, Balsara NP. Effect of hydration on morphology of thin phosphonate block copolymer electrolyte membranes studied by electron tomography. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, School of Polymer Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berkeley California USA
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3
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Patterson JP, Xu Y, Moradi MA, Sommerdijk NAJM, Friedrich H. CryoTEM as an Advanced Analytical Tool for Materials Chemists. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1495-1501. [PMID: 28665585 PMCID: PMC5518272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Morphology plays an essential role in chemistry through the segregation of atoms and/or molecules into different phases, delineated by interfaces. This is a general process in materials synthesis and exploited in many fields including colloid chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis, and functional molecular systems. To rationally design complex materials, we must understand and control morphology evolution. Toward this goal, we utilize cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), which can track the structural evolution of materials in solution with nanometer spatial resolution and a temporal resolution of <1 s. In this Account, we review examples of our own research where direct observations by cryoTEM have been essential to understanding morphology evolution in macromolecular self-assembly, inorganic nucleation and growth, and the cooperative evolution of hybrid materials. These three different research areas are at the heart of our approach to materials chemistry where we take inspiration from the myriad examples of complex materials in Nature. Biological materials are formed using a limited number of chemical components and under ambient conditions, and their formation pathways were refined during biological evolution by enormous trial and error approaches to self-organization and biomineralization. By combining the information on what is possible in nature and by focusing on a limited number of chemical components, we aim to provide an essential insight into the role of structure evolution in materials synthesis. Bone, for example, is a hierarchical and hybrid material which is lightweight, yet strong and hard. It is formed by the hierarchical self-assembly of collagen into a macromolecular template with nano- and microscale structure. This template then directs the nucleation and growth of oriented, nanoscale calcium phosphate crystals to form the composite material. Fundamental insight into controlling these structuring processes will eventually allow us to design such complex materials with predetermined and potentially unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yifei Xu
- Laboratory of Materials and
Interface Chemistry & Centre for Multiscale Electron Microscopy
Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The
Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Amin Moradi
- Laboratory of Materials and
Interface Chemistry & Centre for Multiscale Electron Microscopy
Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The
Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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Kumar S, Ludwig K, Schade B, von Berlepsch H, Papp I, Tyagi R, Gulia M, Haag R, Böttcher C. Introducing Chirality into Nonionic Dendritic Amphiphiles and Studying Their Supramolecular Assembly. Chemistry 2016; 22:5629-36. [PMID: 26961861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral head groups have been introduced into water-soluble hydroxyl-terminated nonionic amphiphiles and the impact of the head group stereochemistry on the supramolecular ultrastructures has been studied. Enantiomeric isomers were compared with the achiral meso form and the racemic mixture by means of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Structurally, all amphiphiles are composed of the first-generation hydrophilic polyglycerol head group coupled to a single hydrophobic hexadecyl chain through an amide linkage and diaromatic spacer. The enantiomers aggregate to form twisted ribbons with uniform handedness, whereas the meso stereoisomer and racemic mixture produce elongated assemblies, namely, tubules and platelets, but without a chiral ultrastructure. Simulations on the molecular packing geometries of the stereoisomers indicate different preferential assembly routes that explain the individual supramolecular aggregation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal-, 131039, Haryana, India.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Schade
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans von Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilona Papp
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rahul Tyagi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Gulia
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal-, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Versluis F, Voskuhl J, Vos J, Friedrich H, Ravoo BJ, Bomans PHH, Stuart MCA, Sommerdijk NAJM, Kros A. Coiled coil driven membrane fusion between cyclodextrin vesicles and liposomes. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9746-9751. [PMID: 25367891 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlled fusion events between natural membranes composed of phospholipids with synthetic unnatural membranes will yield valuable fundamental information on the mechanism of membrane fusion. Here, fusion between vastly different phospholipid liposomes and cyclodextrin amphiphile based vesicles (CDVs) controlled by a pair of coiled coil forming lipidated peptides was investigated. Fusion events were characterized using lipid and content mixing assays and the resulting hybrid assemblies were characterized with cryo-TEM imaging. The secondary/quaternary structure of the lipidated peptides at the membrane interface was studied using circular dichroism spectroscopy. This is the first example of targeted fusion between natural and non-natural bilayer membranes and the in situ formation of hybrid CDV-liposome structures is of interest as it yields fundamental information about the mechanism through which fusion proceeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Versluis
- Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P. O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Lu Z, Barnard D, Shaikh TR, Meng X, Mannella CA, Yassin A, Agrawal R, Wagenknecht T, Lu TM. Gas-Assisted Annular Microsprayer for Sample Preparation for Time-Resolved Cryo-Electron Microscopy. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2014; 24:115001. [PMID: 25530679 PMCID: PMC4266110 DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/24/11/115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved cryo electron microscopy (TRCEM) has emerged as a powerful technique for transient structural characterization of isolated biomacromolecular complexes in their native state within the time scale of seconds to milliseconds. For TRCEM sample preparation, microfluidic device [9] has been demonstrated to be a promising approach to facilitate TRCEM biological sample preparation. It is capable of achieving rapidly aqueous sample mixing, controlled reaction incubation, and sample deposition on electron microscopy (EM) grids for rapid freezing. One of the critical challenges is to transfer samples to cryo-EM grids from the microfluidic device. By using microspraying method, the generated droplet size needs to be controlled to facilitate the thin ice film formation on the grid surface for efficient data collection, while not too thin to be dried out before freezing, i.e., optimized mean droplet size needs to be achieved. In this work, we developed a novel monolithic three dimensional (3D) annular gas-assisted microfluidic sprayer using 3D MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical System) fabrication techniques. The microsprayer demonstrated dense and consistent microsprays with average droplet size between 6-9 μm, which fulfilled the above droplet size requirement for TRCEM sample preparation. With droplet density of around 12-18 per grid window (window size is 58×58 μm), and the data collectible thin ice region of >50% total wetted area, we collected ~800-1000 high quality CCD micrographs in a 6-8 hour period of continuous effort. This level of output is comparable to what were routinely achieved using cryo-grids prepared by conventional blotting and manual data collection. In this case, weeks of data collection process with the previous device [9] has shortened to a day or two. And hundreds of microliter of valuable sample consumption can be reduced to only a small fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghuan Lu
- Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - David Barnard
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Tanvir R. Shaikh
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Xing Meng
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Carmen A. Mannella
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Aymen Yassin
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rajendra Agrawal
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Terence Wagenknecht
- Division of Translational Medicine, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201
| | - Toh-Ming Lu
- Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
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Nudelman F, Lausch AJ, Sommerdijk NAJM, Sone ED. In vitro models of collagen biomineralization. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:258-69. [PMID: 23597833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms involved in the mineralization of hard collagenous tissues, such as bone and dentin. Particularly notable are the identification of transient mineral phases that are precursors to carbonated hydroxyapatite, the identification and characterization of non-collagenous proteins that are involved in controlling mineralization, and significant improvements in our understanding of the structure of collagen. These advances not only represent a paradigm shift in the way collagen mineralization is viewed and understood, but have also brought new challenges to light. In this review, we discuss how recent in vitro models have addressed critical questions regarding the role of the non-collagenous proteins in controlling mineralization, the nature of the interactions between amorphous calcium phosphate and collagen during the early stages of mineralization, and the role of collagen in the mineralization process. We discuss the significance of these findings in expanding our understanding of collagen biomineralization, while addressing some of the limitations that are inherent to in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Nudelman
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Soft Matter CryoTEM Unit, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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8
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Weissman H, Rybtchinski B. Noncovalent self-assembly in aqueous medium: Mechanistic insights from time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Comolli LR, Duarte R, Baum D, Luef B, Downing KH, Larson DM, Csencsits R, Banfield JF. A portable cryo-plunger for on-site intact cryogenic microscopy sample preparation in natural environments. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:829-36. [PMID: 22213355 PMCID: PMC4677670 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We present a modern, light portable device specifically designed for environmental samples for cryogenic transmission-electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) by on-site cryo-plunging. The power of cryo-TEM comes from preparation of artifact-free samples. However, in many studies, the samples must be collected at remote field locations, and the time involved in transporting samples back to the laboratory for cryogenic preservation can lead to severe degradation artifacts. Thus, going back to the basics, we developed a simple mechanical device that is light and easy to transport on foot yet effective. With the system design presented here we are able to obtain cryo-samples of microbes and microbial communities not possible to culture, in their near-intact environmental conditions as well as in routine laboratory work, and in real time. This methodology thus enables us to bring the power of cryo-TEM to microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Comolli
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
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10
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Nudelman F, Sommerdijk NAJM. Biomineralisation als Inspirationsquelle für die Materialchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Nudelman F, Sommerdijk NAJM. Biomineralization as an inspiration for materials chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6582-96. [PMID: 22639420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms are well known for building a wide range of specially designed organic-inorganic hybrid materials such as bone, teeth, and shells, which are highly sophisticated in terms of their adaptation to function. This has inspired physicists, chemists, and materials scientists to mimic such structures and their properties. In this Review we describe how strategies used by nature to build and tune the properties of biominerals have been applied to the synthesis of materials for biomedical, industrial, and technological purposes. Bio-inspired approaches such as molecular templating, supramolecular templating, organized surfaces, and phage display as well as methods to replicate the structure and function of biominerals are discussed. We also show that the application of in situ techniques to study and visualize the bio-inspired materials is of paramount importance to understand, control, and optimize their preparation. Biominerals are synthesized in aqueous media under ambient conditions, and these approaches can lead to materials with a reduced ecological footprint than can traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Nudelman
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Soft Matter CryoTEM Unit, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Patterson JP, Sanchez AM, Petzetakis N, Smart TP, Epps TH, Portman I, Wilson NR, O'Reilly RK. A simple approach to characterizing block copolymer assemblies: graphene oxide supports for high contrast multi-technique imaging. SOFT MATTER 2012; 8:3322-3328. [PMID: 24049544 PMCID: PMC3774068 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm07040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers are well-known to self-assemble into a range of 3-dimensional morphologies. However, due to their nanoscale dimensions, resolving their exact structure can be a challenge. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful technique for achieving this, but for polymeric assemblies chemical fixing/staining techniques are usually required to increase image contrast and protect specimens from electron beam damage. Graphene oxide (GO) is a robust, water-dispersable, and nearly electron transparent membrane: an ideal support for TEM. We show that when using GO supports no stains are required to acquire high contrast TEM images and that the specimens remain stable under the electron beam for long periods, allowing sample analysis by a range of electron microscopy techniques. GO supports are also used for further characterization of assemblies by atomic force microscopy. The simplicity of sample preparation and analysis, as well as the potential for significantly increased contrast background, make GO supports an attractive alternative for the analysis of block copolymer assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Patterson
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom. Fax: +0247 652 4112; Tel: +0247 652 3236
| | - Ana M. Sanchez
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom. Fax: +0247 652 4112; Tel: +0247 652 3236
| | - Nikos Petzetakis
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom. Fax: +0247 652 4112; Tel: +0247 652 3236
| | - Thomas P. Smart
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemical Engineering, 150, Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemical Engineering, 150, Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Ian Portman
- University of Warwick, Department of Life Sciences, Electron Microscopy, Facility Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Neil R. Wilson
- University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom. Fax: +0247 652 4112; Tel: +0247 652 3236
| | - Rachel K. O'Reilly
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom. Fax: +0247 652 4112; Tel: +0247 652 3236
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Rigort A, Villa E, Bäuerlein FJ, Engel BD, Plitzko JM. Integrative Approaches for Cellular Cryo-electron Tomography. Methods Cell Biol 2012; 111:259-81. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416026-2.00014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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van Rijssel J, Erné BH, Meeldijk JD, Casavola M, Vanmaekelbergh D, Meijerink A, Philipse AP. Enthalpy and entropy of nanoparticle association from temperature-dependent cryo-TEM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:12770-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Fanun M, Makharza S, Sowwan M. UV-Visible and AFM Studies of Nonionic Microemulsions. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903213188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Dey A, de With G, Sommerdijk NAJM. In situ techniques in biomimetic mineralization studies of calcium carbonate. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:397-409. [DOI: 10.1039/b811842f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Vos MRJ, Leclère PELG, Meekes H, Vlieg E, Nolte RJM, Sommerdijk NAJM. Kinetic switching between two modes of bisurea surfactant self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:6063-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Leng B, Shao Z, Bomans PHH, Brylka LJ, Sommerdijk NAJM, de With G, Ming W. Cryogenic electron tomography reveals the template effect of chitosan in biomimetic silicification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1703-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b922670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Fanun M. Formulation and characterization of microemulsions based on mixed nonionic surfactants and peppermint oil. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 343:496-503. [PMID: 20038469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Water/sucrose laurate/ethoxylated mono-di-glyceride/ethanol/peppermint oil microemulsion systems were formulated and characterized using electrical conductivity, dynamic viscosity, nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The solubilization capacity of water in the oil is dependent on the surfactants and ethanol/oil mixing ratios (w/w). Static percolation phenomena were observed in these systems, and the water volume fraction percolation threshold was determined. A progressive transformation of the water-in-oil to bicontinuous and inversion to oil-in-water microemulsions occurs upon dilution with water, which was revealed by the determination of the diffusion coefficients of both oil and water inside the microemulsions. The diffusion coefficients of the surfactants at the interface of the microemulsions increase with increasing water volume fraction. The periodicity of the microemulsions increases linearly with increasing water volume fraction. In addition, the correlation length increases with water volume fraction to a certain value then decreases. Cryo-TEM images of the oil-in-water microemulsions revealed the presence of spheroidal droplets of up to 12 nm diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monzer Fanun
- Colloids and Surfaces Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, P.O. Box 51000, East Jerusalem, Palestine.
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Carnerup AM, Ainalem ML, Alfredsson V, Nylander T. Watching DNA condensation induced by poly(amido amine) dendrimers with time-resolved cryo-TEM. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:12466-12470. [PMID: 19856988 DOI: 10.1021/la903068v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The condensation of DNA by poly(amido amine) dendrimers of generation 1, 2, and 4 has been followed by time-resolved cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The recorded images show that significant morphological rearrangement occurs for DNA condensed with the lower generation dendrimers leading to the formation of toroidal aggregates. Higher charge density dendrimers, on the other hand, give rise to globular aggregates, where no transient morphologies are observed. We suggest that the dendrimers in this case are kinetically trapped as soon as they bind to the DNA strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Carnerup
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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22
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Plitzko JM, Rigort A, Leis A. Correlative cryo-light microscopy and cryo-electron tomography: from cellular territories to molecular landscapes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009; 20:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Shaikh TR, Barnard D, Meng X, Wagenknecht T. Implementation of a flash-photolysis system for time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy. J Struct Biol 2008; 165:184-9. [PMID: 19114106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 11/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the implementation of a flash-photolysis system for time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy. A previously designed computer-controlled cryo-plunging apparatus [White, H.D., Thirumurugan, K., Walker, M.L., Trinick, J., 2003. A second generation apparatus for time-resolved electron cryo-microscopy using stepper motors and electrospray. J. Struct. Biol. 144, 246-252] was used as a hardware platform, onto which a xenon flash lamp and liquid light pipe were mounted. The irradiation initiates a reaction through cleavage of the photolabile blocking group from a biologically active compound. The timespan between flashing and freezing in cryogen is on the order of milliseconds, and defines the fastest observable reaction. Blotting of excess fluid, which takes on the order of 1s, is done before irradiation and thus does not represent a rate-limiting step. A specimen-heating problem, identified by measurements with a thermocouple, was alleviated with the use of thick, aluminum-coated grids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir R Shaikh
- Resource for the Visualization of Biological Complexity, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
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Parry A, Bomans P, Holder S, Sommerdijk N, Biagini S. Cryo Electron Tomography Reveals Confined Complex Morphologies of Tripeptide-Containing Amphiphilic Double-Comb Diblock Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Parry A, Bomans P, Holder S, Sommerdijk N, Biagini S. Cryo Electron Tomography Reveals Confined Complex Morphologies of Tripeptide-Containing Amphiphilic Double-Comb Diblock Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8859-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Vos MR, Bomans PH, Frederik PM, Sommerdijk NA. The development of a glove-box/Vitrobot combination: Air–water interface events visualized by cryo-TEM. Ultramicroscopy 2008; 108:1478-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) allows the visualization of cellular structures under close-to-life conditions and at molecular resolution. While it is inherently a static approach, yielding structural information about supramolecular organization at a certain time point, it can nevertheless provide insights into function of the structures imaged, in particular, when supplemented by other approaches. Here, we review the use of experimental methods that supplement cryo-ET imaging of whole cells. These include genetic and pharmacological manipulations, as well as correlative light microscopy and cryo-ET. While these methods have mostly been used to detect and identify structures visualized in cryo-ET or to assist the search for a feature of interest, we expect that in the future they will play a more important role in the functional interpretation of cryo-tomograms.
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Pichon BP, Bomans PHH, Frederik PM, Sommerdijk NAJM. A Quasi-Time-Resolved CryoTEM Study of the Nucleation of CaCO3under Langmuir Monolayers. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:4034-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ja710416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Klokkenburg M, Houtepen AJ, Koole R, de Folter JWJ, Erné BH, van Faassen E, Vanmaekelbergh D. Dipolar structures in colloidal dispersions of PbSe and CdSe quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:2931-6. [PMID: 17713960 DOI: 10.1021/nl0714684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We show by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy that PbSe and CdSe nanocrystals of various shapes in a liquid colloidal dispersion self-assemble into equilibrium structures that have a pronounced dipolar character, to an extent that depends on particle concentration and size. Analyzing the cluster-size distributions with a one-dimensional (1D) aggregation model yields a dipolar pair attraction of 8-10 kBT at room temperature. This accounts for the long-range alignment of the crystal planes of individual nanocrystals in self-assembled superstructures and for anisotropic nanostructures grown via oriented attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Klokkenburg
- Van 't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Cui H, Hodgdon TK, Kaler EW, Abezgauz L, Danino D, Lubovsky M, Talmon Y, Pochan DJ. Elucidating the assembled structure of amphiphiles in solution via cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:945-955. [PMID: 32900043 DOI: 10.1039/b704194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past twenty years, significant progress has been made in both developing cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) technology and understanding assembled behavior of amphiphilic molecules. Cryo-TEM can provide high-resolution images of complex fluids in a near state. Samples embedded in a thin layer of vitrified solvent do not exhibit artifacts that would normally occur when using chemical fixation or staining-and-drying techniques. Cryo-TEM has been useful in imaging biological molecules in aqueous solutions. Cryo-TEM has become a powerful tool in the study of -assembled structures of amphiphiles in solution as a complementary tool to small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, light scattering, rheology measurements, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The application of cryo-TEM in the study of assembled behavior of amphiphilic block copolymers, hydrogels, and other complex soft systems continues to emerge. In this context, the usage of cryo-TEM in the field of amphiphilic complex fluids and self-assembled nano-materials is briefly reviewed, and its unique role in exploring the nature of assembled structure in liquid suspension is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716.
| | - Travis K Hodgdon
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Eric W Kaler
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Ludmila Abezgauz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dganit Danino
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Maya Lubovsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Darrin J Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716.
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