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Kushwaha SO, Sahu SK, Yadav VK, Rathod MC, Patel D, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Bacteriophages as a potential substitute for antibiotics: A comprehensive review. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4022. [PMID: 38655589 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, the administration of antibiotics for the purpose of addressing bacterial infections has become increasingly challenging due to the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance exhibited by various strains of bacteria. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial species are rising due to the unavailability of novel antibiotics, leading to higher mortality rates. With these conditions, there is a need for alternatives in which phage therapy has made promising results. Phage-derived endolysins, phage cocktails, and bioengineered phages are effective and have antimicrobial properties against MDR and extensively drug-resistant strains. Despite these, it has been observed that phages can give antimicrobial activity to more than one bacterial species. Thus, phage cocktail against resistant strains provides broad spectrum treatment and magnitude of effectivity, which is many folds higher than antibiotics. Many commercially available endolysins such as Staphefekt SA.100, Exebacase (CF-301), and N-Rephasin®SAL200 are used in biofilm penetration and treating plant diseases. The role of CMP1 phage endolysin in transgenic tomato plants in preventing Clavibacter michiganensis infection and the effectiveness of phage in protecting Atlantic salmon from vibriosis have been reported. Furthermore, phage-derived endolysin therapy, such as TSPphg phage exogenous treatment, can aid in disrupting cell walls, leading to bacterial cell lysis. As animals in aquaculture and slaughterhouses are highly susceptible to bacterial infections, effective phage therapy instead of antibiotics can help treat poultry animals, preserve them, and facilitate disease-free trade. Using bioengineered phages and phage cocktails enhances the effectiveness by providing a broad spectrum of phages and target specificity. Research is currently being conducted on clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of engineered phages and phage cocktails in humans. Although obtaining commercial approval may be time-consuming, it will be beneficial in the postantibiotic era. This review provides an overview of the significance of phage therapy as a potential alternative to antibiotics in combating resistant bacterial strains and its application to various fields and emphasizes the importance of safeguarding and ensuring treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti O Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sahu
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayuri C Rathod
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Bioinformatic Division, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
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2
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Bhandare S, Lawal OU, Colavecchio A, Cadieux B, Zahirovich-Jovich Y, Zhong Z, Tompkins E, Amitrano M, Kukavica-Ibrulj I, Boyle B, Wang S, Levesque RC, Delaquis P, Danyluk M, Goodridge L. Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Bacteriophages Identifies Two Novel Phage Species. Microorganisms 2024; 12:695. [PMID: 38674639 PMCID: PMC11052255 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are potential alternatives to chemical antimicrobials against pathogens of public health significance. Understanding the diversity and host specificity of phages is important for developing effective phage biocontrol approaches. Here, we assessed the host range, morphology, and genetic diversity of eight Salmonella enterica phages isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. The host range analysis revealed that six out of eight phages lysed more than 81% of the 43 Salmonella enterica isolates tested. The genomic sequences of all phages were determined. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data revealed that phage genome sizes ranged from 41 to 114 kb, with GC contents between 39.9 and 50.0%. Two of the phages SB13 and SB28 represent new species, Epseptimavirus SB13 and genera Macdonaldcampvirus, respectively, as designated by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) using genome-based taxonomic classification. One phage (SB18) belonged to the Myoviridae morphotype while the remaining phages belonged to the Siphoviridae morphotype. The gene content analyses showed that none of the phages possessed virulence, toxin, antibiotic resistance, type I-VI toxin-antitoxin modules, or lysogeny genes. Three (SB3, SB15, and SB18) out of the eight phages possessed tailspike proteins. Whole-genome-based phylogeny of the eight phages with their 113 homologs revealed three clusters A, B, and C and seven subclusters (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, and C2). While cluster C1 phages were predominantly isolated from animal sources, cluster B contained phages from both wastewater and animal sources. The broad host range of these phages highlights their potential use for controlling the presence of S. enterica in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Bhandare
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada or (S.B.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Opeyemi U. Lawal
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Anna Colavecchio
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada or (S.B.)
| | - Brigitte Cadieux
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada or (S.B.)
| | - Yella Zahirovich-Jovich
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada or (S.B.)
| | - Zeyan Zhong
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada or (S.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Tompkins
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada or (S.B.)
| | - Margot Amitrano
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada or (S.B.)
| | - Irena Kukavica-Ibrulj
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (IBIS), Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada (R.C.L.)
| | - Brian Boyle
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (IBIS), Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada (R.C.L.)
| | - Siyun Wang
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Roger C. Levesque
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (IBIS), Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada (R.C.L.)
| | - Pascal Delaquis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Michelle Danyluk
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lawrence Goodridge
- Canadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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3
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Xiang N, Wong CW, Guo X, Wang S. Infectivity responses of Salmonella enterica to bacteriophages on maize seeds and maize sprouts. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100708. [PMID: 38444730 PMCID: PMC10912052 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) is a major foodborne pathogen leading to a large number of outbreaks and bringing food safety concerns to sprouts. The control of S. enterica on maize sprouts is important because raw maize sprouts have been gaining attention as a novel superfood. Compared to conventional chemical methods, the applications of bacteriophages are regarded as natural and organic. This study investigated the effects of a 2 h phage cocktail (SF1 and SI1, MOI 1000) soaking on reducing the populations of three Salmonella enterica strains: S. Enteritidis S5-483, S. Typhimurium S5-536, and S. Agona PARC5 on maize seeds and during the storage of maize sprouts. The results showed that the phage cocktail treatment effectively reduced populations of S. enterica strains by 1-3 log CFU/g on maize seeds and decreased population of S. Agona PACR5 by 1.16 log CFU/g on maize sprouts from 7.55 log CFU/g at day 0 of the storage period. On the other hand, the upregulations of flagella gene pefA by 1.5-folds and membrane gene lpxA by 23-folds in S. Typhimurium S5-536 indicated a differential response to the phage cocktail treatment. Conversely, stress response genes ompR, rpoS, and recA, as well as the DNA repair gene yafD, were downregulated in S. Agona PARC5. This work shows the use of bacteriophages could contribute as a part of hurdle effect to reduce S. enterica populations and is beneficial to develop strategies for controlling foodborne pathogens in the production and storage of maize sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 120-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada
| | - Catherine W.Y. Wong
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 120-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xinbo Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Siyun Wang
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 120-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6R 1Z4, Canada
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4
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Byun KH, Ha Han S, Woo Choi M, Kim BH, Ha SD. Control of Listeria monocytogenes in food industry by a combination treatment of natural aromatic compound with Listeria-specific bacteriophage cocktail. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113859. [PMID: 38225132 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Most Listeria monocytogenes found in the food industry are listeriosis-causing pathogens and possess the ability to form biofilms on food and food contact materials (FCMs). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the combination treatment of natural aromatic compounds (thymol, eugenol, carvacrol, and citral) with a Listeria-specific phage cocktail in mitigating the threat posed by L. monocytogenes in the food industry. In vitro combination treatment of 1 minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of natural aromatic compound with phage cocktail at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 100 reduced more than 4 log CFU/mL of L. monocytogenes planktonic cells and inhibited biofilm formation. In addition, the expression of virulence-related genes (flaA, motB, hlyA, prfA, and actA) and the stress response (sigB) gene were significantly downregulated. The combination of natural aromatic compound with phage cocktail reduced the biofilm cell population on contaminated celery by more than 2 log CFU/g and by more than 2 log CFU/cm2 on already-formed biofilm on FCMs, but it was less effective on chicken meat, with an approximate reduction of only 1 log CFU/g. The antibiofilm activity toward preformed L. monocytogenes biofilms was also observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). COMSTAT analysis of the structural change of biofilms revealed that major biofilm structure parameters (biovolume, thickness, diffusion distance, and microcolonies at substratum) were reduced after treatment. Our findings suggest that the combination of natural aromatic compounds with a phage cocktail has enormous potential as an antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent for controlling L. monocytogenes in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Hwan Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea; Technology Innovation Research Division, Hygienic Safety and Materials Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea
| | - Sang Ha Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Min Woo Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Hu Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Kyunggido 17546, South Korea.
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5
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Samson R, Dharne M, Khairnar K. Bacteriophages: Status quo and emerging trends toward one health approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168461. [PMID: 37967634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The alarming rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the drug-resistant pathogens has been attributed to the ESKAPEE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., and Escherichia coli). Recently, these AMR microbes have become difficult to treat, as they have rendered the existing therapeutics ineffective. Thus, there is an urgent need for effective alternatives to lessen or eliminate the current infections and limit the spread of emerging diseases under the "One Health" framework. Bacteriophages (phages) are naturally occurring biological resources with extraordinary potential for biomedical, agriculture/food safety, environmental protection, and energy production. Specific unique properties of phages, such as their bactericidal activity, host specificity, potency, and biocompatibility, make them desirable candidates in therapeutics. The recent biotechnological advancement has broadened the repertoire of phage applications in nanoscience, material science, physical chemistry, and soft-matter research. Herein, we present a comprehensive review, coupling the substantial aspects of phages with their applicability status and emerging opportunities in several interdependent areas under one health concept. Consolidating the recent state-of-the-art studies that integrate human, animal, plant, and environment health, the following points have been highlighted: (i) The biomedical and pharmacological advantages of phages and their antimicrobial derivatives with particular emphasis on in-vivo and clinical studies. (ii) The remarkable potential of phages to be altered, improved, and applied for drug delivery, biosensors, biomedical imaging, tissue engineering, energy, and catalysis. (iii) Resurgence of phages in biocontrol of plant, food, and animal-borne pathogens. (iv) Commercialization of phage-based products, current challenges, and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Samson
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mahesh Dharne
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
| | - Krishna Khairnar
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune 411008, India; Environmental Virology Cell (EVC), CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, India.
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6
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Huang Z, Yuan X, Zhu Z, Feng Y, Li N, Yu S, Li C, Chen B, Wu S, Gu Q, Zhang J, Wang J, Wu Q, Ding Y. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus cereus bacteriophage DZ1 and its application in foods. Food Chem 2024; 431:137128. [PMID: 37591138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a pathogenic bacterium that causes food contamination, resulting in food poisoning such as diarrhea and emesis. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective strategies to control this bacterium. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel B. cereus phage, named DZ1. Morphological and genomic analyses revealed that phage DZ1 is a new species belonging to the Andromedavirus genus. Phage DZ1 was tolerant to a wide range of pH values (5-9), temperatures (4-55 ℃), and high concentrations of NaCl solution (1000 mM). B. cereus with 21 different sequence types (STs) can be lysed by phage DZ1. Importantly, phage DZ1 inhibited B. cereus growth in spiked rice substrates or milk up to 36 and 72 h, respectively, with suppression of 3 log. Therefore, phage DZ1 is a useful biocontrol agent for the control of B. cereus in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Huang
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaoming Yuan
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shubo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science & Engineering, Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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7
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Johno D, Zhang Y, Mohammadi TN, Zhao J, Lin Y, Wang C, Lu Y, Abdelaziz MNS, Maung AT, Lin CY, El-Telbany M, Lwin SZC, Damaso CH, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Characterization of selected phages for biocontrol of food-spoilage pseudomonads. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-023-00479-2. [PMID: 38206524 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas spp., such as P. fluorescens group, P. fragi, and P. putida, are the major psychrophilic spoilage bacteria in the food industry. Bacteriophages (phages) are a promising tool for controlling food-spoilage and food-poisoning bacteria; however, there are few reports on phages effective on food-spoilage bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. In this study, 12 Pseudomonas phages were isolated from chicken and soil samples. Based on the host range and lytic activity at 30 °C and 4 °C and various combinations of phages, phages vB_PflP-PCS4 and vB_PflP-PCW2 were selected to prepare phage cocktails to control Pseudomonas spp. The phage cocktail consisting of vB_PflP-PCS4 and vB_PflP-PCW2 showed the strongest lytic activity and retarded regrowth of P. fluorescens and P. putida at 30 °C, 8 °C, and 4 °C at a multiplicity of infection of 100. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the genomic DNA indicated that vB_PflP-PCS4 and vB_PflP-PCW2 phages were lytic phages of the Podoviridae family and lacked tRNA, toxin, or virulence genes. A novel endolysin gene was found in the genomic DNA of phage vB_PflP-PCS4. The results of this study suggest that the phage cocktail consisting of vB_PflP-PCS4 and vB_PflP-PCW2 is a promising tool for the biocontrol of psychrophilic food-spoilage pseudomonads during cold storage and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Johno
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tahir Noor Mohammadi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junxin Zhao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Marwa Nabil Sayed Abdelaziz
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Aye Thida Maung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chen-Yu Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mohamed El-Telbany
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Su Zar Chi Lwin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Catherine Hofilena Damaso
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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8
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Brenner T, Schultze DM, Mahoney D, Wang S. Reduction of Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica in Broth and on Raw Chicken Breast by a Broad-spectrum Bacteriophage Cocktail. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100207. [PMID: 38142823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Globally, nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes approximately 150 million foodborne illnesses annually; many of which are linked to poultry products. Thus, improving food safety interventions in the poultry sector can reduce foodborne illness associated with prevalent NTS serotypes. Bacteriophages (phages) have shown promise as food-safe alternatives to current antimicrobial practices. However, challenges such as limited host range, bactericidal effectiveness in practical production settings, and the risk of developing host resistance remain as barriers for the widespread use of phages in commercial poultry operations. A broad-spectrum three-phage cocktail was evaluated against S. enterica subsp. enterica serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Kentucky. The impact of multiplicity of infection (MOI) on NTS growth was assessed in broth at 22°C for 18 hours (h). Then, phage cocktail efficacy was evaluated on raw chicken breast samples inoculated with the NTS cocktail and stored at 10°C or 22°C for 0, 1, and 5 days or 0, 4, 8, and 16 h, respectively. Most probable number (MPN) calculations were performed for NTS counts on chicken after phage treatment and storage at 10°C to account for samples with NTS counts below the detection limit. In general, a higher MOI corresponded to reduced NTS growth; however, residual nutrition in growth media and initial NTS contamination level affected samples treated with the phage cocktail at identical MOIs. On chicken, phage cocktail treatment significantly reduced NTS counts at 10°C and 22°C. After storage at 10°C for 5 days, NTS counts were reduced by >3.2 log compared to the control. After storage at 22°C for 16 h, NTS counts were reduced by >1.7 log compared to the control. Overall, the phage cocktail was effective at reducing a diverse set of prominent NTS strains in broth and on raw chicken breast, highlighting its potential for commercialization and use alongside other hurdles in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brenner
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Danielle Morgan Schultze
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Mahoney
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Siyun Wang
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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9
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Choi D, Bedale W, Chetty S, Yu JH. Comprehensive review of clean-label antimicrobials used in dairy products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13263. [PMID: 38284580 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Consumers expect safe, healthy, natural, and sustainable food. Within the food industry, ingredient use is changing due to these consumer demands. While no single agreed-upon definition of clean label exists, a "clean label" in the context of food refers to a product that has a simplified and transparent ingredient list, with easily recognizable and commonly understood components to the general public. Clean-label products necessitate and foster a heightened level of transparency between companies and consumers. Dairy products are vulnerable to being contaminated by both pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. These microorganisms can be effectively controlled by replacing conventional antimicrobials with clean-label ingredients such as protective cultures or bacterial/fungal fermentates. This review summarizes the perspectives of consumers and the food industry regarding the definition of "clean label," and the current and potential future use of clean-label antimicrobials in dairy products. A key goal of this review is to make the concept of clean-label antimicrobial agents better understood by both manufacturers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Choi
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wendy Bedale
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Suraj Chetty
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jae-Hyuk Yu
- Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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10
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El-Nour SAA, Hammad AA, Fathy R, Eid AS. Application of coliphage as biocontrol agent in combination with gamma irradiation to eliminate multi-drug-resistant E. coli in minimally processed vegetables. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123907-123924. [PMID: 37995029 PMCID: PMC10746767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a rising concern in the food industry. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most important food-borne pathogens that can survive in food and food-related environments and eventually produce biofilms. This study suggested that both coliphages used were successful in preventing the creation of new biofilms as well as removing existing ones. Confocal laser scanning microscopy verified these findings. According to the findings, neither coliphage survived at 37 °C, but both remained stable at 4 °C and - 20 °C for extended periods of time. The study revealed that both coliphages demonstrated a greater degree of gamma irradiation resistance when compared to E. coli. The study's results indicate that the implementation of a dual method, which incorporates gamma irradiation (1.5 kGy) and coliphage treatment, on various kinds of vegetables that were infected with E. coli, resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial count (surpassing 99.99%) following a 24-h incubation period. Combining gamma irradiation and the coliphage approach was significantly effective at lowering polysaccharide concentrations and proteins in the biofilm matrix. The results revealed that the pairing of gamma irradiation and coliphages acted in conjunction to cause disruptions in the matrix of biofilm, thereby promoting cell removal compared with either of the individual treatments. Ca+ ions strengthen the weak virion interaction with the relevant bacterial host cell receptors during the adsorption process. In conclusion, use of coliphage in combination with gamma irradiation treatment can be applied to improve fresh produce's microbial safety and enhance its storability in supermarkets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa A Abou El-Nour
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali A Hammad
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Fathy
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amal S Eid
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Cevallos-Urena A, Kim JY, Kim BS. Vibrio-infecting bacteriophages and their potential to control biofilm. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1719-1727. [PMID: 37780594 PMCID: PMC10533469 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria have necessitated finding new control alternatives. Under these circumstances, lytic bacteriophages offer a viable and promising option. This review focuses on Vibrio-infecting bacteriophages and the characteristics that make them suitable for application in the food and aquaculture industries. Bacteria, particularly Vibrio spp., can produce biofilms under stress conditions. Therefore, this review summarizes several anti-biofilm mechanisms that phages have, such as stimulating the host bacteria to produce biofilm-degrading enzymes, utilizing tail depolymerases, and penetrating matured biofilms through water channels. Additionally, the advantages of bacteriophages over antibiotics, such as a lower probability of developing resistance and the ability to infect dormant cells, are discussed. Finally, this review presents future research prospects related to further utilization of phages in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cevallos-Urena
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Sik Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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12
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Pang X, Hu X, Du X, Lv C, Yuk HG. Biofilm formation in food processing plants and novel control strategies to combat resistant biofilms: the case of Salmonella spp. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1703-1718. [PMID: 37780596 PMCID: PMC10533767 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the pathogens that cause many foodborne outbreaks throughout the world, representing an important global public health problem. Salmonella strains with biofilm-forming abilities have been frequently isolated from different food processing plants, especially in poultry industry. Biofilm formation of Salmonella on various surfaces can increase their viability, contributing to their persistence in food processing environments and cross-contamination of food products. In recent years, increasing concerns arise about the antimicrobial resistant and disinfectant tolerant Salmonella, while adaptation of Salmonella in biofilms to disinfectants exacerbate this problem. Facing difficulties to inhibit or remove Salmonella biofilms in food industry, eco-friendly and effective strategies based on chemical, biotechnological and physical methods are in urgent need. This review discusses biofilm formation of Salmonella in food industries, with emphasis on the current available knowledge related to antimicrobial resistance, together with an overview of promising antibiofilm strategies for controlling Salmonella in food production environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chenglong Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909 Republic of Korea
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13
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Kelly A, Went SC, Mariano G, Shaw LP, Picton DM, Duffner SJ, Coates I, Herdman-Grant R, Gordeeva J, Drobiazko A, Isaev A, Lee YJ, Luyten Y, Morgan RD, Weigele P, Severinov K, Wenner N, Hinton JCD, Blower TR. Diverse Durham collection phages demonstrate complex BREX defense responses. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0062323. [PMID: 37668405 PMCID: PMC10537673 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00623-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) outnumber bacteria ten-to-one and cause infections at a rate of 1025 per second. The ability of phages to reduce bacterial populations makes them attractive alternative antibacterials for use in combating the rise in antimicrobial resistance. This effort may be hindered due to bacterial defenses such as Bacteriophage Exclusion (BREX) that have arisen from the constant evolutionary battle between bacteria and phages. For phages to be widely accepted as therapeutics in Western medicine, more must be understood about bacteria-phage interactions and the outcomes of bacterial phage defense. Here, we present the annotated genomes of 12 novel bacteriophage species isolated from water sources in Durham, UK, during undergraduate practical classes. The collection includes diverse species from across known phylogenetic groups. Comparative analyses of two novel phages from the collection suggest they may be founding members of a new genus. Using this Durham phage collection, we determined that particular BREX defense systems were likely to confer a varied degree of resistance against an invading phage. We concluded that the number of BREX target motifs encoded in the phage genome was not proportional to the degree of susceptibility. IMPORTANCE Bacteriophages have long been the source of tools for biotechnology that are in everyday use in molecular biology research laboratories worldwide. Phages make attractive new targets for the development of novel antimicrobials. While the number of phage genome depositions has increased in recent years, the expected bacteriophage diversity remains underrepresented. Here we demonstrate how undergraduates can contribute to the identification of novel phages and that a single City in England can provide ample phage diversity and the opportunity to find novel technologies. Moreover, we demonstrate that the interactions and intricacies of the interplay between bacterial phage defense systems such as Bacteriophage Exclusion (BREX) and phages are more complex than originally thought. Further work will be required in the field before the dynamic interactions between phages and bacterial defense systems are fully understood and integrated with novel phage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Kelly
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Sam C. Went
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Giuseppina Mariano
- Microbes in Health and Disease Theme, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Liam P. Shaw
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Isabel Coates
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | - Julia Gordeeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena Drobiazko
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Isaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yan-Jiun Lee
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicolas Wenner
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jay C. D. Hinton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tim R. Blower
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
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14
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Li C, Nyaruaba R, Zhao X, Xue H, Yang H, Li Y, Wei H. LysP53 activity against Salmonella and its application in decontamination of Salmonella on fresh romaine lettuce. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5403-5413. [PMID: 37417975 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a zoonotic pathogen that is commonly associated with foodborne disease outbreaks. This study found that a newly identified Gram-negative lysin LysP53 had good activity against a wide range of Salmonella, including Salmonella Newington, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Dublin. Without the help of an outer membrane permeabilizer, 4 μM LysP53 could reduce 97.6% of planktonic Salmonella Enteritidis and 90% of the bacteria in biofilms. Moreover, LysP53 was highly thermostable because it maintained >90% activity even after exposure to temperatures up to 95 °C. Although high concentrations of salts could reduce the activity, LysP53 was found safe for oral gavage of mice without affecting body weights and cytokines in sera and able to reduce 90% of Salmonella Enteritidis loads on fresh romaine lettuce after 30 min of treatment. Because of its good activity against a wide range of bacteria, thermal stability, safe for oral administration, LysP53 could be used as a biocontrol agent for reducing bacterial loads in fresh vegetable food. KEY POINTS: • Lysin LysP53 has high bactericidal activity against Salmonella. • LysP53 is thermostable even at high temperature of up to 95 °C. • LysP53 can be used for topical decontamination of Salmonella on vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Li
- WHP Innovation Lab, National Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Raphael Nyaruaba
- WHP Innovation Lab, National Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Heng Xue
- WHP Innovation Lab, National Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hang Yang
- WHP Innovation Lab, National Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hongping Wei
- WHP Innovation Lab, National Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Hou Y, Wu Z, Ren L, Chen Y, Zhang YA, Zhou Y. Characterization and application of a lytic jumbo phage ZPAH34 against multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1178876. [PMID: 37415809 PMCID: PMC10321303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1178876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an emerging foodborne pathogen causing human gastroenteritis. Aeromonas species isolated from food such as seafood presented multidrug-resistance (MDR), raising serious concerns regarding food safety and public health. The use of phages to infect bacteria is a defense against drug-resistant pathogens. In this study, phage ZPAH34 isolated from the lake sample exerted lytic activity against MDR A. hydrophila strain ZYAH75 and inhibited the biofilm on different food-contacting surfaces. ZPAH34 has a large dsDNA genome of 234 kb which belongs to a novel jumbo phage. However, its particle size is the smallest of known jumbo phages so far. Based on phylogenetic analysis, ZPAH34 was used to establish a new genus Chaoshanvirus. Biological characterization revealed that ZPAH34 exhibited wide environmental tolerance, and a high rapid adsorb and reproductive capacity. Food biocontrol experiments demonstrated that ZPAH34 reduces the viable count of A. hydrophila on fish fillets (2.31 log) and lettuce (3.28 log) with potential bactericidal effects. This study isolated and characterized jumbo phage ZPAH34 not only enriched the understanding of phage biological entity diversity and evolution because of its minimal virion size with large genome but also was the first usage of jumbo phage in food safety to eliminate A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Ioannou P, Baliou S, Samonis G. Bacteriophages in Infectious Diseases and Beyond-A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1012. [PMID: 37370331 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has revolutionized medicine and has changed medical practice, enabling successful fighting of infection. However, quickly after the start of the antibiotic era, therapeutics for infectious diseases started having limitations due to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Since the antibiotic pipeline has largely slowed down, with few new compounds being produced in the last decades and with most of them belonging to already-existing classes, the discovery of new ways to treat pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics is becoming an urgent need. To that end, bacteriophages (phages), which are already used in some countries in agriculture, aquaculture, food safety, and wastewater plant treatments, could be also used in clinical practice against bacterial pathogens. Their discovery one century ago was followed by some clinical studies that showed optimistic results that were limited, however, by some notable obstacles. However, the rise of antibiotics during the next decades left phage research in an inactive status. In the last decades, new studies on phages have shown encouraging results in animals. Hence, further studies in humans are needed to confirm their potential for effective and safe treatment in cases where there are few or no other viable therapeutic options. This study reviews the biology and applications of phages for medical and non-medical uses in a narrative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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17
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Zia S, Alkheraije KA. Recent trends in the use of bacteriophages as replacement of antimicrobials against food-animal pathogens. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1162465. [PMID: 37303721 PMCID: PMC10247982 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1162465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A major public health impact is associated with foodborne illnesses around the globe. Additionally, bacteria are becoming more resistant to antibiotics, which pose a global threat. Currently, many scientific efforts have been made to develop and implement new technologies to combat bacteria considering the increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using phages as biocontrol agents for foodborne pathogens in animals used for food production and in food products themselves. Foodborne outbreaks persist, globally, in many foods, some of which lack adequate methods to control any pathogenic contamination (like fresh produce). This interest may be attributed both to consumers' desire for more natural food and to the fact that foodborne outbreaks continue to occur in many foods. Poultry is the most common animal to be treated with phage therapy to control foodborne pathogens. A large number of foodborne illnesses worldwide are caused by Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter, which are found in poultry and egg products. Conventional bacteriophage-based therapy can prevent and control humans and animals from various infectious diseases. In this context, describing bacteriophage therapy based on bacterial cells may offer a breakthrough for treating bacterial infections. Large-scale production of pheasants may be economically challenging to meet the needs of the poultry market. It is also possible to produce bacteriophage therapy on a large scale at a reduced cost. Recently, they have provided an ideal platform for designing and producing immune-inducing phages. Emerging foodborne pathogens will likely be targeted by new phage products in the future. In this review article, we will mainly focus on the Bacteriophages (phages) that have been proposed as an alternative strategy to antibiotics for food animal pathogens and their use for public health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zia
- Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Lopez MES, Gontijo MTP, Cardoso RR, Batalha LS, Eller MR, Bazzolli DMS, Vidigal PMP, Mendonça RCS. Complete genome analysis of Tequatrovirus ufvareg1, a Tequatrovirus species inhibiting Escherichia coli O157:H7. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1178248. [PMID: 37274318 PMCID: PMC10236363 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1178248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacteriophages infecting human pathogens have been considered potential biocontrol agents, and studying their genetic content is essential to their safe use in the food industry. Tequatrovirus ufvareg1 is a bacteriophage named UFV-AREG1, isolated from cowshed wastewater and previously tested for its ability to inhibit Escherichia coli O157:H7. Methods T. ufvareg1 was previously isolated using E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) as a bacterial host. The same strain was used for bacteriophage propagation and the one-step growth curve. The genome of the T. ufvareg1 was sequenced using 305 Illumina HiSeq, and the genome comparison was calculated by VIRIDIC and VIPTree. Results Here, we characterize its genome and compare it to other Tequatrovirus. T. ufvareg1 virions have an icosahedral head (114 x 86 nm) and a contracted tail (117 x 23 nm), with a latent period of 25 min, and an average burst size was 18 phage particles per infected E. coli cell. The genome of the bacteriophage T. ufvareg1 contains 268 coding DNA sequences (CDS) and ten tRNA genes distributed in both negative and positive strains. T. ufvareg1 genome also contains 40 promoters on its regulatory regions and two rho-independent terminators. T. ufvareg1 shares an average intergenomic similarity (VIRIDC) of 88.77% and an average genomic similarity score (VipTree) of 88.91% with eight four reference genomes for Tequatrovirus available in the NCBI RefSeq database. The pan-genomic analysis confirmed the high conservation of Tequatrovirus genomes. Among all CDS annotated in the T. ufvareg1 genome, there are 123 core genes, 38 softcore genes, 94 shell genes, and 13 cloud genes. None of 268 CDS was classified as being exclusive of T. ufvareg1. Conclusion The results in this paper, combined with other previously published findings, indicate that T. ufvareg1 bacteriophage is a potential candidate for food protection against E. coli O157:H7 in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryoris Elisa Soto Lopez
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Marco Tulio Pardini Gontijo
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laís Silva Batalha
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Monique Renon Eller
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Chowdhury MAH, Ashrafudoulla M, Mevo SIU, Mizan MFR, Park SH, Ha SD. Current and future interventions for improving poultry health and poultry food safety and security: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1555-1596. [PMID: 36815737 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Poultry is thriving across the globe. Chicken meat is the most preferred poultry worldwide, and its popularity is increasing. However, poultry also threatens human hygiene, especially as a fomite of infectious diseases caused by the major foodborne pathogens (Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Listeria). Preventing pathogenic bacterial biofilm is crucial in the chicken industry due to increasing food safety hazards caused by recurring contamination and the rapid degradation of meat, as well as the increased resistance of bacteria to cleaning and disinfection procedures commonly used in chicken processing plants. To address this, various innovative and promising strategies to combat bacterial resistance and biofilm are emerging to improve food safety and quality and extend shelf-life. In particular, natural compounds are attractive because of their potential antimicrobial activities. Natural compounds can also boost the immune system and improve poultry health and performance. In addition to phytochemicals, bacteriophages, nanoparticles, coatings, enzymes, and probiotics represent unique and environmentally friendly strategies in the poultry processing industry to prevent foodborne pathogens from reaching the consumer. Lactoferrin, bacteriocin, antimicrobial peptides, cell-free supernatants, and biosurfactants are also of considerable interest for their prospective application as natural antimicrobials for improving the safety of raw poultry meat. This review aims to describe the feasibility of these proposed strategies and provide an overview of recent published evidences to control microorganisms in the poultry industry, considering the human health, food safety, and economic aspects of poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
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20
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Vidigal PMP, Hungaro HM. Genome sequencing of Pseudomonas fluorescens phage UFJF_PfSW6: a novel lytic Pijolavirus specie with potential for biocontrol in the dairy industry. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 36726557 PMCID: PMC9884711 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomic characterization of phages with biocontrol potential against food-related bacteria is essential to future commercial applications. Here, we report the genome sequence of P. fluorescens phage UFJF_PfSW6 and a taxonomy proposal framing it as a novel phage species with great potential for biocontrol in the dairy industry. It showed a short linear double-stranded DNA genome (~ 39 kb) with a GC content of 21.2% and short DTR sequences of 215 bp. The genome of the UFJF_PfSW6 phage contains 48 genes with a unidirectional organization into three functional modules: DNA replication and metabolism, structural proteins, and DNA packing and host lysis. Thirteen promoters from phage and nine from host regulate these genes, and six Rho-independent terminators control their transcription. Twenty-seven genes of the UFJF_PfSW6 encode proteins with predicted functions. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the UFJF_PfSW6 genome shares 84% of genomic similarity with the genome sequence of the Pijolavirus PspYZU08, the only representative of the genus recognized so far. Therefore, our findings indicate that both phages are of the same genus, but UFJF_PfSW6 a is a novel Pijolavirus specie belonging to the Studiervirinae subfamily. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03485-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Campus da UFV, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Humberto Moreira Hungaro
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900 Brazil
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21
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Gewtaisong J, Chukeatirote E, Ahn J. Characterization of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage BasuTN3 isolated from Thua Nao, a thai fermented soybean food product. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:203-208. [PMID: 36647518 PMCID: PMC9839916 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection of bacteriophage is of great concern in food industry as this can result in complete fermentation failure. In this study, a virulent bacteriophage, named BasuTN3, was isolated from Thua Nao, a Thai fermented soybean. The stability of BasuTN3 was evaluated under various ranges of temperature, pH, chloroform, UV, and disinfectants. The results showed that the isolated BasuTN3 appeared to be specific to its bacterial host, which was identified as Bacillus subtilis strain TN3 based on the 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Under TEM, the BasuTN3 belonged to the family Myoviridae. The isolated BasuTN3 could withstand wide temperature ranges (4-45 °C) and pH conditions (5-11). The BasuTN3 was susceptible to chloroform, UV, and commonly used disinfectants. The results obtained expand the knowledge of the Bacillus bacteriophage diversity in the fermented soybean products and provide useful information for the bacteriophage and its bacterial starter cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
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22
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Elois MA, da Silva R, Pilati GVT, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Bacteriophages as Biotechnological Tools. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020349. [PMID: 36851563 PMCID: PMC9963553 DOI: 10.3390/v15020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous organisms that can be specific to one or multiple strains of hosts, in addition to being the most abundant entities on the planet. It is estimated that they exceed ten times the total number of bacteria. They are classified as temperate, which means that phages can integrate their genome into the host genome, originating a prophage that replicates with the host cell and may confer immunity against infection by the same type of phage; and lytics, those with greater biotechnological interest and are viruses that lyse the host cell at the end of its reproductive cycle. When lysogenic, they are capable of disseminating bacterial antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. When professionally lytic-that is, obligately lytic and not recently descended from a temperate ancestor-they become allies in bacterial control in ecological imbalance scenarios; these viruses have a biofilm-reducing capacity. Phage therapy has also been advocated by the scientific community, given the uniqueness of issues related to the control of microorganisms and biofilm production when compared to other commonly used techniques. The advantages of using bacteriophages appear as a viable and promising alternative. This review will provide updates on the landscape of phage applications for the biocontrol of pathogens in industrial settings and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Alves Elois
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Giulia Von Tönnemann Pilati
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Microbiology Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Research Centre for Emerging Pathogens and Global Health, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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23
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García-Cruz JC, Huelgas-Méndez D, Jiménez-Zúñiga JS, Rebollar-Juárez X, Hernández-Garnica M, Fernández-Presas AM, Husain FM, Alenazy R, Alqasmi M, Albalawi T, Alam P, García-Contreras R. Myriad applications of bacteriophages beyond phage therapy. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15272. [PMID: 37101788 PMCID: PMC10124553 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entity on the planet, having pivotal roles in bacterial ecology, animal and plant health, and in the biogeochemical cycles. Although, in principle, phages are simple entities that replicate at the expense of their bacterial hosts, due the importance of bacteria in all aspects of nature, they have the potential to influence and modify diverse processes, either in subtle or profound ways. Traditionally, the main application of bacteriophages is phage therapy, which is their utilization to combat and help to clear bacterial infections, from enteric diseases, to skin infections, chronic infections, sepsis, etc. Nevertheless, phages can also be potentially used for several other tasks, including food preservation, disinfection of surfaces, treatment of several dysbioses, and modulation of microbiomes. Phages may also be used as tools for the treatment of non-bacterial infections and pest control in agriculture; moreover, they can be used to decrease bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance and even to combat global warming. In this review manuscript we discuss these possible applications and promote their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos García-Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Huelgas-Méndez
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Santiago Jiménez-Zúñiga
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Xareni Rebollar-Juárez
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariel Hernández-Garnica
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaf Alenazy
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqasmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Shaqra, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Albalawi
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rodolfo García-Contreras
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gomez M, Szewczyk A, Szamosi J, Leung V, Filipe C, Hosseinidoust Z. Stress Exposure of Evolved Bacteriophages under Laboratory versus Food Processing Conditions Highlights Challenges in Translatability. Viruses 2022; 15:113. [PMID: 36680153 PMCID: PMC9865000 DOI: 10.3390/v15010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, are highly potent, target-specific antimicrobials. Bacteriophages can be safely applied along the food production chain to aid control of foodborne pathogens. However, bacteriophages are often sensitive to the environments encountered in food matrices and under processing conditions, thus limiting their applicability. We sought to address this challenge by exposing commercially available Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage, P100, to three stress conditions: desiccation, elevated temperature, and low pH, to select for stress-resistant bacteriophages. The stressed bacteriophage populations lost up to 5.1 log10 in infectivity; however, the surviving subpopulation retained their stress-resistant phenotype through five passages with a maximum of 2.0 log10 loss in infectivity when exposed to the same stressor. Sequencing identified key mutation regions but did not reveal a clear mechanism of resistance. The stress-selected bacteriophage populations effectively suppressed L. monocytogenes growth at a modest multiplicity of infection of 0.35-0.43, indicating no trade-off in lytic ability in return for improved survivability. The stressed subpopulations were tested for survival on food grade stainless steel, during milk pasteurization, and within acidic beverages. Interestingly, air drying on stainless steel and pasteurization in milk led to significantly less stress and titer loss in bacteriophage compared to similar stress under model lab conditions. This led to a diminished benefit for stress-selection, thus highlighting a major challenge in real-life translatability of bacteriophage adaptational evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellissa Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Alexandra Szewczyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jake Szamosi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8P 1H6, Canada
| | - Vincent Leung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Carlos Filipe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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25
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The Use of Natural Methods to Control Foodborne Biofilms. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010045. [PMID: 36678393 PMCID: PMC9865977 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are large aggregates of various species of bacteria or other microorganisms tightly attached to surfaces through an intricate extracellular matrix. These complex microbial communities present quite the challenge in the food processing industry, as conditions such as raw meats and diverse food product content in contact with workers, drains, machinery, and ventilation systems, make for prime circumstances for contamination. Adding to the challenge is the highly resistant nature of these biofilm growths and the need to keep in mind that any antimicrobials utilized in these situations risk health implications with human consumption of the products that are being processed in these locations. For that reason, the ideal means of sanitizing areas of foodborne biofilms would be natural means. Herein, we review a series of innovative natural methods of targeting foodborne biofilms, including bacteriocins, bacteriophages, fungi, phytochemicals, plant extracts, essential oils, gaseous and aqueous control, photocatalysis, enzymatic treatments, and ultrasound mechanisms.
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26
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Raveendran K, Vaiyapuri M, Benala M, Sivam V, Badireddy MR. Diverse infective and lytic machineries identified in genome analysis of tailed coliphages against broad spectrum multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Int Microbiol 2022:10.1007/s10123-022-00310-4. [PMID: 36504140 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli with deleterious consequences to the health of humans and animals has been attributed to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Without effective antimicrobials, the success of modern medicine in treating infections would be at an increased risk. Bacteriophages could be used as an alternative to antibiotics for controlling the dissemination of MDR bacteria. However, before their use, the bacteriophages have to be assessed for the safety aspect. In this study, three broad host range highly virulent coliphage genomes were sequenced, characterized for infective and lytic potential, and checked for the presence of virulence and resistance genes. The genome sequencing indicated that coliphages ϕEC-S-21 and ϕEC-OE-11 belonged to Myoviridae, whereas coliphage ϕEC-S-24 belonged to the Autographiviridae family derived from the Podoviridae family. The genome size of the three coliphages ranged between 24 and 145 kb, with G + C content ranging between 37 and 51%. Coding sequences (CDS) ranged between 30 and 251 amino acids. The CDS were annotated and the proteins were categorized into different modules, viz., phage structural proteins, proteins associated with DNA replication, DNA modification, bacterial cell lysis, phage packaging, and uncharacterized proteins. The presence of tRNAs was detected only in coliphage ϕEC-OE-11. All three coliphages possessed diverse infective and lytic mechanisms, viz., lytic murein transglycosylase, peptidoglycan transglycosylase, n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase, and putative lysozyme. Furthermore, the three coliphage genomes showed neither the presence of antibiotic resistance genes nor virulence genes, which makes them desirable candidates for use in phage therapy-based applications.
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27
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Hufziger KA, Farquharson EL, Werner BG, Chen Q, Goddard JM, Nugen SR. In Vivo Capsid Engineering of Bacteriophages for Oriented Surface Conjugation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5104-5112. [PMID: 36264000 PMCID: PMC10184791 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The current state-of-the-art in bacteriophage (phage) immobilization onto magnetic particles is limited to techniques that are less expensive and/or facile but nonspecific or those that are more expensive and/or complicated but ensure capsid-down orientation of the phages, as necessary to preserve infectivity and performance in subsequent applications (e.g., therapeutics, detection). These cost, complexity, and effectiveness limitations constitute the major hurdles that limit the scale-up of phage-based strategies and thus their accessibility in low-resource settings. Here, we report a plasmid-based technique that incorporates a silica-binding protein, L2, into the T7 phage capsid, during viral assembly, with and without inclusion of a flexible linker peptide, allowing for targeted binding of the phage capsid to silica without requiring the direct modification of the phage genome. L2-tagged phages were then immobilized onto silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Inclusion of the flexible linker between the phage capsid protein and the L2 protein improved immobilization density compared to both wild type T7 phages and L2-tagged phages without the flexible linker. Taken together, this work demonstrates phage capsid modification without engineering the phage genome, which provides an important step toward reducing the cost and increasing the specificity/directionality of phage immobilization methods and could be more broadly applied in the future for other phages for a range of other capsid tags and nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brenda G. Werner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Qingmin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Julie M. Goddard
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
| | - Sam R. Nugen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (USA)
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28
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Liao YT, Zhang Y, Salvador A, Ho KJ, Cooley MB, Wu VCH. Characterization of polyvalent Escherichia phage Sa157lw for the biocontrol potential of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on contaminated mung bean seeds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1053583. [PMID: 36439834 PMCID: PMC9686305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1053583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds are one of the primary sources of contamination with foodborne pathogens, such as pathogenic Escherichia coli, and various Salmonella serovars, for produce, particularly sprouts. Due to the susceptibility of sprout growth to chemical-based antimicrobials and the rising issue of antimicrobial resistance, developing innovative antimicrobial interventions is an urgent need. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize Escherichia phage Sa157lw (or Sa157lw) for the biocontrol potential of Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 on contaminated mung bean seeds. Phage Sa157lw was subjected to whole-genome sequencing and biological characterization, including morphology, one-step growth curve, and stress stability tests. Later, antimicrobial activity was determined in vitro and upon application on the mung bean seeds artificially contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella Typhimurium. Sa157lw possessed a contractile tail and belonged to the Kuttervirus genus under the Ackermannviridae family, sharing a close evolutionary relationship with E. coli phage ECML-4 and Kuttervirus ViI; however, tail spike genes (ORF_102 and ORF_104) were the primary region of difference. Comparative genomics showed that Sa157lw encoded a cluster of tail spike genes—including ORF_101, ORF_102, and ORF_104—sharing high amino acid similarity with the counterfeits of various Salmonella phages. Additionally, Sa157lw harbored a unique tail fiber (ORF_103), possibly related to the receptors binding of O157 strains. The genomic evidence accounted for the polyvalent effects of Sa157lw against E. coli O157:H7 and various Salmonella serovars (Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Agona, Saintpaul, and Heidelberg). Furthermore, the phage did not contain any virulence, antibiotic-resistant, or lysogenic genes. Sa157lw had a 30-min latent period on both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium, with an estimated burst size of 130 and 220 PFU/CFU, respectively, and was stable at a wide range of temperatures (4–60°C) and pH (pH4 to pH10). The phage application demonstrated a strong anti-E. coli O157:H7 and anti-Salmonella Typhimurium effects in 1.1 and 1.8 log reduction on the contaminated mung bean seeds after overnight storage at 22°C. These findings provide valuable insights into the polyvalent Sa157lw as a potential biocontrol agent of Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 on sprout seeds.
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29
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Kempf F, La Ragione R, Chirullo B, Schouler C, Velge P. Super Shedding in Enteric Pathogens: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2101. [PMID: 36363692 PMCID: PMC9692634 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Super shedding occurs when a small number of individuals from a given host population shed high levels of a pathogen. Beyond this general definition, various interpretations of the shedding patterns have been proposed to identify super shedders, leading to the description of the super shedding phenomenon in a wide range of pathogens, in particular enteric pathogens, which are of considerable interest. Several underlying mechanisms may explain this observation, including factors related to the environment, the gut microbiota, the pathogen itself (i.e., genetic polymorphism), and the host (including immune factors). Moreover, data suggest that the interplay of these parameters, in particular at the host-pathogen-gut microbiota interface, is of crucial importance for the determination of the super shedding phenotype in enteric pathogens. As a phenomenon playing an important role in the epidemics of enteric diseases, the evidence of super shedding has highlighted the need to develop various control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Kempf
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Barbara Chirullo
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 000161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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30
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Efficacy of Repeated Applications of Bacteriophages on Salmonella enterica-Infected Alfalfa Sprouts during Germination. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101156. [PMID: 36297213 PMCID: PMC9610501 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica is one of the leading pathogens for foodborne outbreaks in a multitude of food commodities, including alfalfa sprouts, which are commonly consumed raw. The food industry has commonly used chlorinated washes, but such methods may not be perceived as natural; this can be a detriment as a large portion of sprouts are designated for the organic market. A natural and affordable antimicrobial method that has been acquiring popularity is the use of bacteriophages. This study compared the efficacy of repeated daily applications and a single application of two separate bacteriophage cocktails (SE14, SE20, SF6 and SE14, SF5, SF6) against four Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) strains on germinating alfalfa sprout seeds from days 0 to 7. The results show S. Enteritidis to be the most susceptible to both cocktails with ~2.5 log CFU/mL decrease on day 0 with cocktail SE14, SF5, and SF6. S. enterica populations on all strains continued to grow even with repeated daily bacteriophage applications but in a significantly decreased rate (p < 0.05) compared with a single bacteriophage application. The extent of the reduction was dependent on the S. enterica strain, but the results do show benefits to using repeated bacteriophage applications during sprout germination to reduce S. enterica populations compared with a single bacteriophage application.
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31
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Yamashina T, Shimatani M, Takeo M, Sasaki K, Orino M, Saito N, Matsumoto H, Kasai T, Kano M, Horitani S, Sumimoto K, Mitsuyama T, Yuba T, Seki T, Naganuma M. Viral Infection in Esophageal, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancer. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091626. [PMID: 36141238 PMCID: PMC9498567 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract, which constitutes the digestive system, contains a large number of virus particles that maintain organizational homeostasis and health. Conversely, viral pathogens have also attracted attention for their involvement in the pathogenesis of certain cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers. To aid prevention and treatment of these cancers, the relevance of gastrointestinal viral factors as potential risk factors needs to be carefully investigated. This review summarizes and discusses the available literature on the relationship between the development of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers and their corresponding viruses. This review reveals that research on the association between colorectal cancer and viruses, in particular, is still in its infancy compared to the association between HPV and esophageal cancer and between EBV and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamashina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shimatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6992-1001; Fax: +81-6-6993-9677
| | - Masahiro Takeo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Orino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironao Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kasai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masataka Kano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Horitani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kimi Sumimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Mitsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yuba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihito Seki
- Division of Liver Disease Center, Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Moriguchi 570-8507, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
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32
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Bacteriophage and their lysins: A new era of biocontrol for inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in poultry processing and production—A review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Flagellotropic Bacteriophages: Opportunities and Challenges for Antimicrobial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137084. [PMID: 35806089 PMCID: PMC9266447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere. As viruses that solely infect bacteria, phages have myriad healthcare and agricultural applications including phage therapy and antibacterial treatments in the foodservice industry. Phage therapy has been explored since the turn of the twentieth century but was no longer prioritized following the invention of antibiotics. As we approach a post-antibiotic society, phage therapy research has experienced a significant resurgence for the use of phages against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a growing concern in modern medicine. Phages are extraordinarily diverse, as are their host receptor targets. Flagellotropic (flagellum-dependent) phages begin their infection cycle by attaching to the flagellum of their motile host, although the later stages of the infection process of most of these phages remain elusive. Flagella are helical appendages required for swimming and swarming motility and are also of great importance for virulence in many pathogenic bacteria of clinical relevance. Not only is bacterial motility itself frequently important for virulence, as it allows pathogenic bacteria to move toward their host and find nutrients more effectively, but flagella can also serve additional functions including mediating bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Flagella are also a potent antigen recognized by the human immune system. Phages utilizing the flagellum for infections are of particular interest due to the unique evolutionary tradeoff they force upon their hosts: by downregulating or abolishing motility to escape infection by a flagellotropic phage, a pathogenic bacterium would also likely attenuate its virulence. This factor may lead to flagellotropic phages becoming especially potent antibacterial agents. This review outlines past, present, and future research of flagellotropic phages, including their molecular mechanisms of infection and potential future applications.
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Cavallaro A, Rhoads WJ, Huwiler SG, Stachler E, Hammes F. Potential probiotic approaches to control Legionella in engineered aquatic ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6604835. [PMID: 35679082 PMCID: PMC9333994 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Opportunistic pathogens belonging to the genus Legionella are among the most reported waterborne-associated pathogens in industrialized countries. Legionella colonize a variety of engineered aquatic ecosystems and persist in biofilms where they interact with a multitude of other resident microorganisms. In this review, we assess how some of these interactions could be used to develop a biological-driven “probiotic” control approach against Legionella. We focus on: (i) mechanisms limiting the ability of Legionella to establish and replicate within some of their natural protozoan hosts; (ii) exploitative and interference competitive interactions between Legionella and other microorganisms; and (iii) the potential of predatory bacteria and phages against Legionella. This field is still emergent, and we therefore specifically highlight research for future investigations, and propose perspectives on the feasibility and public acceptance of a potential probiotic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cavallaro
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William J Rhoads
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simona G Huwiler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elyse Stachler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Hammes
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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35
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Kharnaior P, Tamang JP. Metagenomic-Metabolomic Mining of Kinema, a Naturally Fermented Soybean Food of the Eastern Himalayas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:868383. [PMID: 35572705 PMCID: PMC9106393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinema is a popular sticky fermented soybean food of the Eastern Himalayan regions of North East India, east Nepal, and south Bhutan. We hypothesized that some dominant bacteria in kinema may contribute to the formation of targeted and non-targeted metabolites for health benefits; hence, we studied the microbiome-metabolite mining of kinema. A total of 1,394,094,912 bp with an average of 464,698,304 ± 120,720,392 bp was generated from kinema metagenome, which resulted in the identification of 47 phyla, 331 families, 709 genera, and 1,560 species. Bacteria (97.78%) were the most abundant domain with the remaining domains of viruses, eukaryote, and archaea. Firmicutes (93.36%) was the most abundant phylum with 280 species of Bacillus, among which Bacillus subtilis was the most dominant species in kinema followed by B. glycinifermentans, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. thermoamylovorans, B. coagulans, B. circulans, B. paralicheniformis, and Brevibacillus borstelensis. Predictive metabolic pathways revealed the abundance of genes associated with metabolism (60.66%), resulting in 216 sub-pathways. A total of 361 metabolites were identified by metabolomic analysis (liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, LC-MS). The presence of metabolites, such as chrysin, swainsonine, and 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (anticancer activity) and benzimidazole (antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-HIV activities), and compounds with immunomodulatory effects in kinema supports its therapeutic potential. The correlation between the abundant species of Bacillus and primary and secondary metabolites was constructed with a bivariate result. This study proves that Bacillus spp. contribute to the formation of many targeted and untargeted metabolites in kinema for health-promoting benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyoti Prakash Tamang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
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36
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The Effect of Spray Parameters on the Survival of Bacteriophages. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been numerous studies highlighting the efficacy of various bacteriophages (phages) and phage cocktails in the reduction of pathogens in food. Despite approval from legislative bodies permitting phage use in food processing environments, applied via spray or dip, there is still no information on which spray parameters should be used for successful implementation. The study here investigates phage survival diluted to 1% in distilled water (dH2O) and prepared bottled water (PBW), followed by a subsequent spray application through a fixed nozzle (530 μm) and strainer size (74 × 74 μm), with pressures of 3, 5, and 6 Bar. The survival of the phage was determined through sampling the outputs of the spray system and performing double agar overlay plaque assays. PBW decreased the phage concentration (p = 0.18) more than the dH2O (p = 0.73) prior to spray application. It was found that the PBW phage solution was less affected by the various spray parameters (p = 0.045) than the dH2O (p = 0.011). The study showed that unchlorinated water (dH2O), as well as a pressure of 3 Bar, had the highest output phage concentration through the nozzle and strainer, providing valuable information for industrial implementation.
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Hungaro HM, Vidigal PMP, do Nascimento EC, Gomes da Costa Oliveira F, Gontijo MTP, Lopez MES. Genomic Characterisation of UFJF_PfDIW6: A Novel Lytic Pseudomonas fluorescens-Phage with Potential for Biocontrol in the Dairy Industry. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030629. [PMID: 35337036 PMCID: PMC8951688 DOI: 10.3390/v14030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have presented the genomic characterisation of UFJF_PfDIW6, a novel lytic Pseudomonas fluorescens-phage with potential for biocontrol in the dairy industry. This phage showed a short linear double-stranded DNA genome (~42 kb) with a GC content of 58.3% and more than 50% of the genes encoding proteins with unknown functions. Nevertheless, UFJF_PfDIW6’s genome was organised into five functional modules: DNA packaging, structural proteins, DNA metabolism, lysogenic, and host lysis. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the UFJF_PfDIW6’s genome is distinct from other viral genomes available at NCBI databases, displaying maximum coverages of 5% among all alignments. Curiously, this phage showed higher sequence coverages (38–49%) when aligned with uncharacterised prophages integrated into Pseudomonas genomes. Phages compared in this study share conserved locally collinear blocks comprising genes of the modules’ DNA packing and structural proteins but were primarily differentiated by the composition of the DNA metabolism and lysogeny modules. Strategies for taxonomy assignment showed that UFJF_PfDIW6 was clustered into an unclassified genus in the Podoviridae clade. Therefore, our findings indicate that this phage could represent a novel genus belonging to the Podoviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Moreira Hungaro
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (E.C.d.N.); (F.G.d.C.O.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.H.); (M.E.S.L.); Tel.: +55-32-2102-3804 (H.M.H.); +57-310-469-02-04 (M.E.S.L.)
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Campus da UFV, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Edilane Cristina do Nascimento
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (E.C.d.N.); (F.G.d.C.O.)
| | - Felipe Gomes da Costa Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (E.C.d.N.); (F.G.d.C.O.)
| | - Marco Túlio Pardini Gontijo
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil;
| | - Maryoris Elisa Soto Lopez
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de Córdoba (UNICORDOBA), Córdoba 230002, Colombia
- Correspondence: (H.M.H.); (M.E.S.L.); Tel.: +55-32-2102-3804 (H.M.H.); +57-310-469-02-04 (M.E.S.L.)
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38
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Sohrabi H, Majidi MR, Khaki P, Jahanban-Esfahlan A, de la Guardia M, Mokhtarzadeh A. State of the art: Lateral flow assays toward the point-of-care foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection in food samples. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1868-1912. [PMID: 35194932 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diverse chemicals and some physical phenomena recently introduced in nanotechnology have enabled scientists to develop useful devices in the field of food sciences. Concerning such developments, detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria is now an important issue. These kinds of bacteria species have demonstrated severe health effects after consuming foods and high mortality related to acute cases. The most leading path of intoxication and infection has been through food matrices. Hence, quick recognition of foodborne bacteria agents at low concentrations has been required in current diagnostics. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are one of the urgent and prevalently applied quick recognition methods that have been settled for recognizing diverse types of analytes. Thus, the present review has stressed on latest developments in LFAs-based platforms to detect various foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria, Escherichia coli, Brucella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum, and Vibrio cholera. Proper prominence has been given on exactly how the labels, detection elements, or procedures have affected recent developments in the evaluation of diverse bacteria using LFAs. Additionally, the modifications in assays specificity and sensitivity consistent with applied food processing techniques have been discussed. Finally, a conclusion has been drawn for highlighting the main challenges confronted through this method and offered a view and insight of thoughts for its further development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessamaddin Sohrabi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Reza Majidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pegah Khaki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, University College of Nabi Akram (UCNA), Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Jakobsen RR, Trinh JT, Bomholtz L, Brok-Lauridsen SK, Sulakvelidze A, Nielsen DS. A Bacteriophage Cocktail Significantly Reduces Listeria Monocytogenes without Deleterious Impact on the Commensal Gut Microbiota under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020190. [PMID: 35215782 PMCID: PMC8875722 DOI: 10.3390/v14020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of a bacteriophage cocktail (tentatively designated as the Foodborne Outbreak Pill (FOP)) on the levels of Listeria monocytogenes in simulated small intestine, large intestine, and Caco-2 model systems. We found that FOP survival during simulated passage of the upper gastrointestinal was dependent on stomach pH, and that FOP robustly inhibited L. monocytogenes levels with effectiveness comparable to antibiotic treatment (ampicillin) under simulated ilium and colon conditions. The FOP did not inhibit the commensal bacteria, whereas ampicillin treatment led to dysbiosis-like conditions. The FOP was also more effective than an antibiotic in protecting Caco-2 cells from adhesion and invasion by L. monocytogenes (5-log reduction vs. 1-log reduction) while not triggering an inflammatory response. Our data suggested that the FOP may provide a robust protection against L. monocytogenes should the bacterium enter the human gastrointestinal tract (e.g., by consumption of contaminated food), without deleterious impact on the commensal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Riemer Jakobsen
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (S.K.B.-L.); (D.S.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-50541606
| | - Jimmy T. Trinh
- Intralytix, Inc., 8681 Robert Fulton Drive, Columbia, MD 21046, USA; (J.T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Louise Bomholtz
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (S.K.B.-L.); (D.S.N.)
| | - Signe Kristine Brok-Lauridsen
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (S.K.B.-L.); (D.S.N.)
| | | | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Section of Microbiology and Fermentation, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (L.B.); (S.K.B.-L.); (D.S.N.)
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40
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Deploying Viruses against Phytobacteria: Potential Use of Phage Cocktails as a Multifaceted Approach to Combat Resistant Bacterial Plant Pathogens. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020171. [PMID: 35215763 PMCID: PMC8879233 DOI: 10.3390/v14020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants in nature are under the persistent intimidation of severe microbial diseases, threatening a sustainable food production system. Plant-bacterial pathogens are a major concern in the contemporary era, resulting in reduced plant growth and productivity. Plant antibiotics and chemical-based bactericides have been extensively used to evade plant bacterial diseases. To counteract this pressure, bacteria have evolved an array of resistance mechanisms, including innate and adaptive immune systems. The emergence of resistant bacteria and detrimental consequences of antimicrobial compounds on the environment and human health, accentuates the development of an alternative disease evacuation strategy. The phage cocktail therapy is a multidimensional approach effectively employed for the biocontrol of diverse resistant bacterial infections without affecting the fauna and flora. Phages engage a diverse set of counter defense strategies to undermine wide-ranging anti-phage defense mechanisms of bacterial pathogens. Microbial ecology, evolution, and dynamics of the interactions between phage and plant-bacterial pathogens lead to the engineering of robust phage cocktail therapeutics for the mitigation of devastating phytobacterial diseases. In this review, we highlight the concrete and fundamental determinants in the development and application of phage cocktails and their underlying mechanism, combating resistant plant-bacterial pathogens. Additionally, we provide recent advances in the use of phage cocktail therapy against phytobacteria for the biocontrol of devastating plant diseases.
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41
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Mevo SIU, Ashrafudoulla M, Furkanur Rahaman Mizan M, Park SH, Ha SD. Promising strategies to control persistent enemies: Some new technologies to combat biofilm in the food industry-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5938-5964. [PMID: 34626152 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm is an advanced form of protection that allows bacterial cells to withstand adverse environmental conditions. The complex structure of biofilm results from genetic-related mechanisms besides other factors such as bacterial morphology or substratum properties. Inhibition of biofilm formation of harmful bacteria (spoilage and pathogenic bacteria) is a critical task in the food industry because of the enhanced resistance of biofilm bacteria to stress, such as cleaning and disinfection methods traditionally used in food processing plants, and the increased food safety risks threatening consumer health caused by recurrent contamination and rapid deterioration of food by biofilm cells. Therefore, it is urgent to find methods and strategies for effectively combating bacterial biofilm formation and eradicating mature biofilms. Innovative and promising approaches to control bacteria and their biofilms are emerging. These new approaches range from methods based on natural ingredients to the use of nanoparticles. This literature review aims to describe the efficacy of these strategies and provide an overview of recent promising biofilm control technologies in the food processing sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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42
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Jiang S, Wang F, Li Q, Sun H, Wang H, Yao Z. Environment and food safety: a novel integrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54511-54530. [PMID: 34431060 PMCID: PMC8384557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Environment protection and food safety are two critical issues in the world. In this review, a novel approach which integrates statistical study and subjective discussion was adopted to review recent advances on environment and food safety. Firstly, a scientometric-based statistical study was conducted based on 4904 publications collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. It was found that the research on environment and food safety was growing steadily from 2001 to 2020. Interestingly, the statistical analysis of most-cited papers, titles, abstracts, keywords, and research areas revealed that the research on environment and food safety was diverse and multidisciplinary. In addition to the scientometric study, strategies to protect environment and ensure food safety were critically discussed, followed by a discussion on the emerging research topics, including emerging contaminates (e.g., microplastics), rapid detection of contaminants (e.g., biosensors), and environment friendly food packaging materials (e.g., biodegradable polymers). Finally, current challenges and future research directions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Jiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qirun Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huijiao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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43
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Wessels K, Rip D, Gouws P. Salmonella in Chicken Meat: Consumption, Outbreaks, Characteristics, Current Control Methods and the Potential of Bacteriophage Use. Foods 2021; 10:1742. [PMID: 34441520 PMCID: PMC8394320 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of Salmonella in chicken processing plants is an ongoing challenge for many factories around the globe, especially with the increasing demand for poultry escalating processing throughputs. Foodborne outbreaks due to Salmonella still pose a prominent risk to public health. As chicken meat is a good reservoir for Salmonella, it is important for chicken processing plants to continuously optimize methods to reduce the incidence of Salmonella on their products. Current methods include the use of chemical antimicrobials such as chlorine-containing compounds and organic acids. However, these current methods are decreasing in popularity due to the rising rate of Salmonella resistance, coupled with the challenge of preserving the sensory properties of the meat, along with the increasing stringency of antimicrobial use. Bacteriophages are becoming more appealing to integrate into the large-scale hurdle concept. A few factors need to be considered for successful implementation, such as legislation, and application volumes and concentrations. Overall, bacteriophages show great potential because of their host specificity, guaranteeing an alternative outcome to the selective pressure for resistant traits placed by chemicals on whole microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pieter Gouws
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (K.W.); (D.R.)
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Hwang SB, Chelliah R, Kang JE, Rubab M, Banan-MwineDaliri E, Elahi F, Oh DH. Role of Recent Therapeutic Applications and the Infection Strategies of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:614963. [PMID: 34268129 PMCID: PMC8276698 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.614963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a global foodborne bacterial pathogen that is often accountable for colon disorder or distress. STEC commonly induces severe diarrhea in hosts but can cause critical illnesses due to the Shiga toxin virulence factors. To date, there have been a significant number of STEC serotypes have been evolved. STECs vary from nausea and hemorrhoid (HC) to possible lethal hemolytic-based uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Inflammation-based STEC is usually a foodborne illness with Shiga toxins (Stx 1 and 2) thought to be pathogenesis. The STEC's pathogenicity depends significantly on developing one or more Shiga toxins, which can constrain host cell protein synthesis leading to cytotoxicity. In managing STEC infections, antimicrobial agents are generally avoided, as bacterial damage and discharge of accumulated toxins are thought the body. It has also been documented that certain antibiotics improve toxin production and the development of these species. Many different groups have attempted various therapies, including toxin-focused antibodies, toxin-based polymers, synbiotic agents, and secondary metabolites remedies. Besides, in recent years, antibiotics' efficacy in treating STEC infections has been reassessed with some encouraging methods. Nevertheless, the primary role of synbiotic effectiveness (probiotic and prebiotic) against pathogenic STEC and other enteropathogens is less recognized. Additional studies are required to understand the mechanisms of action of probiotic bacteria and yeast against STEC infection. Because of the consensus contraindication of antimicrobials for these bacterial pathogens, the examination was focused on alternative remedy strategies for STEC infections. The rise of novel STEC serotypes and approaches employed in its treatment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-bin Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Momna Rubab
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eric Banan-MwineDaliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Raza S, Matuła K, Karoń S, Paczesny J. Resistance and Adaptation of Bacteria to Non-Antibiotic Antibacterial Agents: Physical Stressors, Nanoparticles, and Bacteriophages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:435. [PMID: 33924618 PMCID: PMC8070485 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant threat to human health worldwide, forcing scientists to explore non-traditional antibacterial agents to support rapid interventions and combat the emergence and spread of drug resistant bacteria. Many new antibiotic-free approaches are being developed while the old ones are being revised, resulting in creating unique solutions that arise at the interface of physics, nanotechnology, and microbiology. Specifically, physical factors (e.g., pressure, temperature, UV light) are increasingly used for industrial sterilization. Nanoparticles (unmodified or in combination with toxic compounds) are also applied to circumvent in vivo drug resistance mechanisms in bacteria. Recently, bacteriophage-based treatments are also gaining momentum due to their high bactericidal activity and specificity. Although the number of novel approaches for tackling the antimicrobial resistance crisis is snowballing, it is still unclear if any proposed solutions would provide a long-term remedy. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of how bacteria acquire resistance against these non-antibiotic factors. We also discuss innate bacterial defense systems and how bacteriophages have evolved to tackle them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jan Paczesny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (K.M.); (S.K.)
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Montso PK, Mnisi CM, Ateba CN, Mlambo V. An Assessment of the Viability of Lytic Phages and Their Potency against Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli O177 Strains under Simulated Rumen Fermentation Conditions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030265. [PMID: 33807633 PMCID: PMC7999206 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preslaughter starvation and subacute ruminal acidosis in cattle are known to promote ruminal proliferation of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, thereby increasing the risk of meat and milk contamination. Using bacteriophages (henceforth called phages) to control these strains in the rumen is a potentially novel strategy. Therefore, this study evaluated the viability of phages and their efficacy in reducing E. coli O177 cells in a simulated ruminal fermentation system. Fourteen phage treatments were allocated to anaerobic serum bottles containing a grass hay substrate, buffered (pH 6.6–6.8) bovine rumen fluid, and E. coli O177 cells. The serum bottles were then incubated at 39 °C for 48 h. Phage titres quadratically increased with incubation time. Phage-induced reduction of E. coli O177 cell counts reached maximum values of 61.02–62.74% and 62.35–66.92% for single phages and phage cocktails, respectively. The highest E. coli O177 cell count reduction occurred in samples treated with vB_EcoM_366B (62.31%), vB_EcoM_3A1 (62.74%), vB_EcoMC3 (66.67%), vB_EcoMC4 (66.92%), and vB_EcoMC6 (66.42%) phages. In conclusion, lytic phages effectively reduced E. coli O177 cells under artificial rumen fermentation conditions, thus could be used as a biocontrol strategy in live cattle to reduce meat and milk contamination in abattoirs and milking parlours, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Biocontrol Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-73-896-8423
| | - Caven Mguvane Mnisi
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Phage Biocontrol Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
| | - Victor Mlambo
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa;
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