1
|
Mardani-Jouneghani R, Irani S, Habibi-Anbouhi M, Behdani M. Development and Characterization of a Novel Single-Chain Antibody Against B-Cell Activating Factor. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1968-1978. [PMID: 36906729 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, the B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a crucial role in B-cell survival and differentiation. Overexpression of this protein has been closely linked to autoimmune disorders and some B-cell malignancies. Using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the BAFF soluble domain appears to be a complementary treatment for some of these diseases. This study aimed to produce and develop a specific Nanobody (Nb), a variable camelid antibody domain, against the soluble domain of BAFF protein. After camel immunization with recombinant protein and preparing cDNA from total RNAs separated from camel lymphocytes, an Nb library was developed. Individual colonies capable of binding selectively to rBAFF were obtained by periplasmic-ELISA, sequenced, and expressed in a bacterial expression system. The specificity and affinity of selected Nb were determined and its target identification and functionality were evaluated using flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mardani-Jouneghani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316543551, Iran
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316543551, Iran.
- Zoonoses Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi D, Kim J, Yang JW, Kim JH, Park S, Shin JI. Dysregulated MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:2495-2514. [PMID: 37215992 PMCID: PMC10197884 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.74315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease of which clinical presentation is vastly heterogeneous, ranging from mild skin rashes to severe renal diseases. Treatment goal of this illness is to minimize disease activity and prevent further organ damage. In recent years, much research has been done on the epigenetic aspects of SLE pathogenesis, for among the various factors known to contribute to the pathogenic process, epigenetic factors, especially microRNAs, bear the most therapeutic potential that can be altered unlike congenital genetic factors. This article reviews and updates what has been discovered so far about the pathogenesis of lupus, while focusing on the dysregulation of microRNAs in lupus patients in comparison to healthy controls along with the potentially pathogenic roles of the microRNAs commonly reported to be either upregulated or downregulated. Furthermore, this review includes microRNAs of which results are controversial, suggesting possible explanations for such discrepancies and directions for future research. Moreover, we aimed to emphasize the point that had been overlooked so far in studies regarding microRNA expression levels; that is, which specimen was used to assess the dysregulation of microRNAs. To our surprise, a vast number of studies have not considered this factor and have analyzed the potential role of microRNAs in general. Despite extensive investigations done on microRNA levels, their significance and potential role remain a mystery, which calls for further studies on this particular subject in regard of which specimen is used for assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Choi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rossi M, Anerillas C, Idda ML, Munk R, Shin CH, Donega S, Tsitsipatis D, Herman AB, Martindale JL, Yang X, Piao Y, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Fan J, Ferrucci L, Johnson PF, De S, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Pleiotropic effects of BAFF on the senescence-associated secretome and growth arrest. eLife 2023; 12:e84238. [PMID: 37083495 PMCID: PMC10121226 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells release a variety of cytokines, proteases, and growth factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Sustained SASP contributes to a pattern of chronic inflammation associated with aging and implicated in many age-related diseases. Here, we investigated the expression and function of the immunomodulatory cytokine BAFF (B-cell activating factor; encoded by the TNFSF13B gene), a SASP protein, in multiple senescence models. We first characterized BAFF production across different senescence paradigms, including senescent human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38, IMR-90) and monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1), and tissues of mice induced to undergo senescence. We then identified IRF1 (interferon regulatory factor 1) as a transcription factor required for promoting TNFSF13B mRNA transcription in senescence. We discovered that suppressing BAFF production decreased the senescent phenotype of both fibroblasts and monocyte-like cells, reducing IL6 secretion and SA-β-Gal staining. Importantly, however, the influence of BAFF on the senescence program was cell type-specific: in monocytes, BAFF promoted the early activation of NF-κB and general SASP secretion, while in fibroblasts, BAFF contributed to the production and function of TP53 (p53). We propose that BAFF is elevated across senescence models and is a potential target for senotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Maria Laura Idda
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research CouncilSassaryItaly
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Chang Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Stefano Donega
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA IRP, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Allison B Herman
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Yulan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, NIA IRP, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peter F Johnson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute IRPFrederickUnited States
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sánchez-Tejerina D, Sotoca J, Llaurado A, López-Diego V, Juntas-Morales R, Salvado M. New Targeted Agents in Myasthenia Gravis and Future Therapeutic Strategies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6394. [PMID: 36362622 PMCID: PMC9658349 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease for which multiple immunomodulatory therapies are available. Nevertheless, MG has a significant impact on patient quality of life. In recent years, experts' main efforts have focused on optimizing treatment strategies, since disease burden is considerably affected by their safety and tolerability profiles, especially in patients with refractory phenotypes. This article aims to offer neurologists caring for MG patients an overview of the most innovative targeted drugs specifically designed for this disease and summarizes the recent literature and more recent evidence on agents targeting B cells and plasmablasts, complement inhibitors, and neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor (FcRn) antagonists. Positive clinical trial results have been reported, and other studies are ongoing. Finally, we briefly discuss how the introduction of these novel targeted immunological therapies in a changing management paradigm would affect not only clinical outcomes, disease burden, safety, and tolerability, but also health spending in a condition that is increasingly managed based on a patient-centred model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Salvado
- Clinic of Neuromuscular Disorders and Rare Diseases, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, European Reference Network for Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases EURO-NMD, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Monitoring of Soluble Forms of BAFF System (BAFF, APRIL, sR-BAFF, sTACI and sBCMA) in Kidney Transplantation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:21. [PMID: 36136146 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BAFF system plays an essential role in B cells homeostasis and tolerance, although it has widely not been tested in transplantation with doubtful results. The main purpose was to study the BAFF soluble forms and their correlation with acute rejection (AR) and donor-specific antibodies production. Serum levels of BAFF, APRIL, and soluble forms of their receptors were analyzed in renal recipients with and without acute rejection (AR/NAR) appearance. All molecules were evaluated at pre- and post-transplantation. sTACI showed a significant correlation with BAFF and sR-BAFF levels, and sBCMA also showed a positive correlation with sAPRIL levels. A significant increase in sAPRIL levels in patients suffering AR was also found, and ROC curves analysis showed an AUC = 0.724, a concentration of 6.05 ng/ml (sensitivity: 66.7%; specificity: 73.3%), the best cutoff point for predicting AR. In the post-transplant dynamics of sAPRIL levels in the longitudinal cohort, we observed a significant decrease at 3 and 6 month post-transplantation compared to pretransplantation status. We also observed that recipients with high pre-transplant levels of sAPRIL generated antibodies earlier than those with lower sAPRIL levels, although their long-term post-transplantation was not different. Our results show that elevated serum levels of APRIL may be helpful as a biomarker for the diagnosis of AR, although the longitudinal study shows that it is not helpful as a prognostic biomarker.
Collapse
|
6
|
Toro-Domínguez D, Martorell-Marugán J, Martinez-Bueno M, López-Domínguez R, Carnero-Montoro E, Barturen G, Goldman D, Petri M, Carmona-Sáez P, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Scoring personalized molecular portraits identify Systemic Lupus Erythematosus subtypes and predict individualized drug responses, symptomatology and disease progression. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:bbac332. [PMID: 35947992 PMCID: PMC9487588 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease that leads to significant worsening of quality of life and mortality. Flares appear unpredictably during the disease course and therapies used are often only partially effective. These challenges are mainly due to the molecular heterogeneity of the disease, and in this context, personalized medicine-based approaches offer major promise. With this work we intended to advance in that direction by developing MyPROSLE, an omic-based analytical workflow for measuring the molecular portrait of individual patients to support clinicians in their therapeutic decisions. METHODS Immunological gene-modules were used to represent the transcriptome of the patients. A dysregulation score for each gene-module was calculated at the patient level based on averaged z-scores. Almost 6100 Lupus and 750 healthy samples were used to analyze the association among dysregulation scores, clinical manifestations, prognosis, flare and remission events and response to Tabalumab. Machine learning-based classification models were built to predict around 100 different clinical parameters based on personalized dysregulation scores. RESULTS MyPROSLE allows to molecularly summarize patients in 206 gene-modules, clustered into nine main lupus signatures. The combination of these modules revealed highly differentiated pathological mechanisms. We found that the dysregulation of certain gene-modules is strongly associated with specific clinical manifestations, the occurrence of relapses or the presence of long-term remission and drug response. Therefore, MyPROSLE may be used to accurately predict these clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS MyPROSLE (https://myprosle.genyo.es) allows molecular characterization of individual Lupus patients and it extracts key molecular information to support more precise therapeutic decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Toro-Domínguez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Jordi Martorell-Marugán
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Statistics. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Data Science for Health Research Unit. Fondazione Bruno Kessler, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Manuel Martinez-Bueno
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl López-Domínguez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Statistics. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Carnero-Montoro
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle Petri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pedro Carmona-Sáez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Statistics. University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Unit of Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 67, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alfaro R, Lorente S, Jimenez-Coll V, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Galián JA, Botella C, Moya-Quiles MR, Muro-Pérez M, de la Peña-Moral J, Minguela A, Legaz I, Muro M. Evaluating the Link between BAFF System Gene Expression and Acute Rejection Development in Kidney Transplantation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143956. [PMID: 35887720 PMCID: PMC9319040 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) system signaling is critical for B-cell homeostasis, effector functions, and tolerance maintenance in transplants, but it has not been studied in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The aim was to analyze the changes in BAFF system expression in KTRs with/without acute rejection (AR/NAR). The BAFF system expression was analyzed by qPCR in 40 KTRs. A meta-analysis of BAFF system expression and histological renal damage was identified by the Chronic Allograft Damage Index (CADI) and performed from the GEO database. Proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) expression increased at three- and six-months post-KT (p = 0.014 and p < 0.001). B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) expression increased at six-months post-KT (p = 0.038). BAFF expression remained stable in NAR-KTRs, but was increased in CADI concerning the No-CADI group at one year (p = 0.008). BCMA expression increased in the CADI group at one- (p = 0.001) and six-years post-KT (p = 0.024). At three months, the transmembrane activator and calcium modulator interactor (TACI) gene significantly elevated KTRs with DSAs (donor-specific antibody; p = 0.034). KTRs with DSAs significantly increase the B-cell activating factor receptor (R-BAFF; p = 0.021) and TACI (p = 0.018) between pre- and three-month post-KT. Changes in the expression of the BAFF system increase during post-KTR in the development of AR and chronic allograft damage, and could be an important pathological tool to detect and prevent kidney graft outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alfaro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Santiago Lorente
- Nephrology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Víctor Jimenez-Coll
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - José Antonio Galián
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmen Botella
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - María Rosa Moya-Quiles
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Manuel Muro-Pérez
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Jesús de la Peña-Moral
- Pathology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Services, University Clinical Hospital, Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30100 Murcia, Spain; (R.A.); (V.J.-C.); (H.M.-B.); (J.A.G.); (C.B.); (M.R.M.-Q.); (M.M.-P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruan J, Zhang X, Zheng M. Belimumab for the Treatment of Pemphigus. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15621. [PMID: 35671064 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Ruan
- Dermatology Department Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xuetong Zhang
- Dermatology Department Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Min Zheng
- Dermatology Department Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Novel treatment strategies for acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and related disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103104. [PMID: 35452851 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies directed against the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is the most common cause of myasthenia gravis (MG). These antibodies damage the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction and cause muscle weakness by depleting AChRs and thus impairing synaptic transmission. As one of the best-characterized antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, AChR-MG has often served as a reference model for other autoimmune disorders. Classical pharmacological treatments, including broad-spectrum immunosuppressive drugs, are effective in many patients. However, complete remission cannot be achieved in all patients, and 10% of patients do not respond to currently used therapies. This may be attributed to production of autoantibodies by long-lived plasma cells which are resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. Hence, novel therapies specifically targeting plasma cells might be a suitable therapeutic approach for selected patients. Additionally, in order to reduce side effects of broad-spectrum immunosuppression, targeted immunotherapies and symptomatic treatments will be required. This review presents established therapies as well as novel therapeutic approaches for MG and related conditions, with a focus on AChR-MG.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mukkera S, Mannem M, Chamarti K, Pillarisetty L, Vulasala SS, Alahari L, Ammu A, Mukkera A, Vadlapatla RK. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Serositis Managed With Intravenous Belimumab: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e22639. [PMID: 35242484 PMCID: PMC8884522 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ systems. Due to the heterogeneity of its presentation, it is challenging for clinicians to diagnose and manage the symptoms. SLE has a wide range of presentations from mild to severe and involves various organ systems like mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system. Various novel treatment modalities are being used based on clinical presentation. Prednisone and methylprednisolone are commonly used as needed for acute flares of SLE. Some patients may need a low dose of oral prednisone to keep their SLE under control, which carries a risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and many other metabolic side effects of steroids. Other long-term medications that are commonly used include hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide. Intravenous cyclophosphamide is used only in severe lupus with renal, pulmonary, or CNS involvement. Rituximab is a human monoclonal B-cell cluster of differentiation (CD)20 receptor antibody used for severe SLE not responding with other medications. Other newer medications are belimumab and anifrolumab. Anifrolumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to subunit 1 of the type I interferon receptor. We present a case of a 25-year-old female with a chronic history of SLE presented to the outpatient clinic with abdominal distension that needed frequent abdominal paracenteses. She was using hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone, but her symptoms were not adequately controlled. After we started the patient on monthly intravenous belimumab, her symptoms and the frequency of visits for paracentesis gradually reduced. B-cells are known to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of SLE, and the use of belimumab, an anti-BLys (B-lymphocyte stimulator) human monoclonal antibody that inhibits B-cell growth, can play a significant role in the management of SLE associated chronic serositis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wong DP, Roy NK, Zhang K, Anukanth A, Asthana A, Shirkey-Son NJ, Dunmire S, Jones BJ, Lahr WS, Webber BR, Moriarity BS, Caimi P, Parameswaran R. A BAFF ligand-based CAR-T cell targeting three receptors and multiple B cell cancers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:217. [PMID: 35017485 PMCID: PMC8752722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF) binds the three receptors BAFF-R, BCMA, and TACI, predominantly expressed on mature B cells. Almost all B cell cancers are reported to express at least one of these receptors. Here we develop a BAFF ligand-based chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and generate BAFF CAR-T cells using a non-viral gene delivery method. We show that BAFF CAR-T cells bind specifically to each of the three BAFF receptors and are effective at killing multiple B cell cancers, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), multiple myeloma (MM), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in vitro and in vivo using different xenograft models. Co-culture of BAFF CAR-T cells with these tumor cells results in induction of activation marker CD69, degranulation marker CD107a, and multiple proinflammatory cytokines. In summary, we report a ligand-based BAFF CAR-T capable of binding three different receptors, minimizing the potential for antigen escape in the treatment of B cell cancers.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- B-Cell Activating Factor/genetics
- B-Cell Activating Factor/immunology
- B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor/genetics
- B-Cell Activation Factor Receptor/immunology
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/genetics
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/therapy
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1/genetics
- Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Multiple Myeloma/therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein/genetics
- Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek P Wong
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nand K Roy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Keman Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anusha Anukanth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abhishek Asthana
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Walker S Lahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Beau R Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paolo Caimi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Reshmi Parameswaran
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Tian J, Xiao F, Zheng L, Zhu X, Wu L, Zhao C, Wang S, Rui K, Zou H, Lu L. B cell-activating factor and its targeted therapy in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 64:57-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
13
|
Alfaro R, Jaouad EKEB, Llorente S, Jimenez-Coll V, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Galián JA, Botella C, Moya-Quiles MR, Peña-Moral JDL, Minguela A, Legaz I, Muro M. Personalized Medicine for Kidney Transplantation: Association of Graft Survival and Acute Transplant Rejection with Genetic Variation in B Cell Activating Factor System Signaling. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:725-737. [PMID: 34714153 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation (KT) clinical outcomes are highly variable across patients and would benefit from predictive biomarkers to achieve personalized/precision medicine. The B cell activating factor (BAFF) system signaling plays an essential role in B lymphocytes' homeostasis, and is implicated in activation and survival of B lymphocytes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BAFF system genes are therefore strong candidates to identify the genetic mechanisms underpinning variable clinical outcomes in KT. We report here new findings on BAFF system genetic polymorphisms in KT patients in relation to two key phenotypes of clinical interest: graft survival and acute rejection (AR). A total of 168 KT patients, of which 29 suffered AR, participated in this study. The BAFF system polymorphisms in five genes TNFSF13B, TNFSF13, TNFRSF13C, TNFRSF13B, and TNFRSF17 were characterized using TaqMan SNP genotyping. Patients with KT who had an AA genotype in polymorphism rs3803800 of the TNFSF13 gene had a higher risk of suffering AR (p = 0.046; odds ratios = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.02-11.2). Moreover, patients with AA genotype (rs3803800) in the TNFSF13 gene had a significantly lower AR-free time than the GG/GA genotypes (69.2% vs. 85.7%; p = 0.037). Of importance, bioinformatics analysis showed that the polymorphism rs3803800 could alter splicing regulation and affect the proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) expression levels. The analysis of graft survival did not show a significant association with the polymorphisms analyzed in this study. In conclusion, the rs3803800 genetic polymorphism from this study of BAFF system genes appears to display importance in AR-free time for KT patients, and thus, warrants further research in independent populations as a putative predictive biomarker of AR. These findings also inform future personalized/precision medicine efforts and functional genomic studies in KT patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alfaro
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - El Kaaoui El Band Jaouad
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Santiago Llorente
- Nephrology Service, and University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Victor Jimenez-Coll
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Galián
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Botella
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Rosa Moya-Quiles
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús de la Peña-Moral
- Pathology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Legaz
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Muro
- Immunology Service, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca-Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Expansion of inflammatory monocytes in periphery and infiltrated into thyroid tissue in Graves' disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13443. [PMID: 34188092 PMCID: PMC8242071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are important mediators of immune system and are reported to be altered in autoimmune disorders. Little is known about the pathological role of monocytes in Graves' disease (GD). Thus, we investigated monocytes in periphery and thyroid tissue in GD. Untreated GD patients were enrolled and followed up until remission. Monocytes were significantly increased and positively correlated with anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) in untreated GD (rcounts = 0.269, P < 0.001; rpercentage = 0.338, P < 0.001). Flow cytometry showed CD14++ CD16+ monocytes were increased and CD14++ CD16- monocytes were decreased in untreated GD (both P < 0.001). Skewed monocyte subsets were recovered in GD with remission. Serum B cell-activating factor (BAFF) was positively correlated with TRAb (r = 0.384 and P = 0.001). CD14++ CD16+ monocytes expressed higher level of BAFF in untreated GD (P < 0.05). The frequency of CD14+ monocytes and CD14+ CD16+ monocytes were significantly higher in GD thyroid tissue than in normal thyroid tissue (both P < 0.001). Our study suggested CD14++ CD16+ monocytes were significantly expanded and involved in the production of TRAb via secreting a higher level of BAFF in periphery. Besides, monocytes infiltrated into thyroid tissue and thus could serve as an important participant in GD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zian Z, Berry SPDG, Bahmaie N, Ghotbi D, Kashif A, Madkaikar M, Bargir UA, Abdullahi H, Khan H, Azizi G. The clinical efficacy of Rituximab administration in autoimmunity disorders, primary immunodeficiency diseases and malignancies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107565. [PMID: 33773205 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rituximab (RTX), as a monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapeutic intervention targeting CD20 on B cells, has proven efficacy in the treatment of patients with some immune-mediated diseases. In the present review, we provided information on the immunobiological mechanisms of signaling for RTX and its clinical applications, according to the immune-pathophysiology involved in the microenvironment of multiple diseases. We highlighted combination therapy, dose schedules, and laboratory monitoring, as well as the associated common and rare side effects to avoid. We also discussed the efficacy and safety of RTX-based therapeutic strategies and whether RTX therapy can be used as a promising treatment regimen for autoimmune diseases, primary immunodeficiency diseases, and malignancies. Our review highlights and supports the importance of collaboration between basic medical researchers and clinical specialists when considering the use of RTX in the treatment of various immune-mediated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Zian
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, P.B. 416, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - S P Déo-Gracias Berry
- Centre de Recherches Médicales (CERMEL) de Lambaréné, B.P: 242, Gabon; Technical University of Munich, 80333, Germany
| | - Nazila Bahmaie
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Health Science, Near East University (NEU), Nicosia, 99138, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus
| | - Dana Ghotbi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 14911-15719, Iran
| | - Ali Kashif
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Manisha Madkaikar
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai 400070, India
| | - Umair Ahmed Bargir
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Leukocyte Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai 400070, India
| | - Hamisu Abdullahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, 840232, Nigeria
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj 3149779453, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martins C, Lima J, Cambridge G, Ângelo-Dias M, Leandro M, Miguel Borrego L. Serum markers of B-cell activation in pregnant women with atopic asthma. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13414. [PMID: 33682259 PMCID: PMC8365761 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM As maternal atopy represents a risk factor for the development of atopy in offspring, we aimed to assess how pregnancy affects B-cell activation markers in women with atopic asthma and whether they correlate with risk manifestations for allergy in newborns from mothers with atopic asthma. METHOD OF STUDY Pregnant women with atopic asthma (AP) in the third trimester of gestation and nonpregnant women with atopic asthma (ANP) were prospectively recruited and compared to respective healthy counterparts (HP and HNP). All pregnant women were also assessed during the postpartum period until 6 weeks after delivery (HP/PP and AP/PP). Newborns were clinically evaluated at the age of 6 months. Peripheral blood samples were taken from each woman at each time point. Soluble CD23 (sCD23), B-cell activating factor (BAFF), IgA, IgG, IgM, kappa (κ), and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLC) were quantified in serum samples. RESULTS The AP group presented increased sCD23 (p < 0.05) and BAFF (p < 0.001) levels compared to the ANP group and even higher levels of sCD23 during the postpartum period (p < 0.001). Moreover, the cutoffs of 6.74 g/L for IgG (sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 77.8%) and of 11.30 mg/L for λ FLC (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 88.9%) in the AP group were predictive factors for the manifestation of allergy in their offspring. CONCLUSIONS After delivery, the dynamics of sCD23 and BAFF changed significantly in the AP group. Furthermore, we found novel predictive factors for allergy manifestations in the children of these women, with potential clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Martins
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Geraldine Cambridge
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miguel Ângelo-Dias
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Leandro
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luís Miguel Borrego
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon. Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Imunoallergy, LUZ SAÚDE, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhu JL, Black SM, Chong BF. Role of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:429. [PMID: 33842650 PMCID: PMC8033322 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a connective tissue disease with varying presentations, and clinical sequelae including itching, dyspigmentation, and scarring. CLE can occur as its own entity or in conjunction with systemic disease, known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Because CLE is clinically diverse, identification of a biomarker may help not only facilitate early diagnosis and management but also identify individuals at risk for poor prognosis and development of SLE. While potential biomarkers in SLE have been extensively studied, few biomarkers for CLE have been identified and incorporated into clinical practice. Anti-SS-A antibody is a commonly used biomarker for diagnosis of subacute CLE patients. Type I interferon-related proteins such as MxA and guanylate binding protein‐1 (GBP-1) and chemokines such as CXCR3, CXCL9, and CXCL10 have been identified as biomarkers that may support diagnosis and track disease activity. First-line oral treatment for CLE currently consists of anti-malarials such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), chloroquine (CQ), and quinacrine (QC). Studies have found that an increased myeloid dendritic cell population with higher TNF-α expression may be predictive of poor treatment response to HCQ in CLE patients. Autoantibodies against nuclear antigens (e.g., anti-double-stranded DNA and anti-Smith antibodies) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate have been more commonly found in CLE patients progressing to SLE than those who have not. This review aims to summarize previous and emerging biomarkers for CLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samantha M Black
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin F Chong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sadras T, Chan LN, Xiao G, Müschen M. Metabolic Gatekeepers of Pathological B Cell Activation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:323-349. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-061020-050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other cell types, B cells undergo multiple rounds of V(D)J recombination and hypermutation to evolve high-affinity antibodies. Reflecting high frequencies of DNA double-strand breaks, adaptive immune protection by B cells comes with an increased risk of malignant transformation. In addition, the vast majority of newly generated B cells express an autoreactive B cell receptor (BCR). Thus, B cells are under intense selective pressure to remove autoreactive and premalignant clones. Despite stringent negative selection, B cells frequently give rise to autoimmune disease and B cell malignancies. In this review, we discuss mechanisms that we term metabolic gatekeepers to eliminate pathogenic B cell clones on the basis of energy depletion. Chronic activation signals from autoreactive BCRs or transforming oncogenes increase energy demands in autoreactive and premalignant B cells. Thus, metabolic gatekeepers limit energy supply to levels that are insufficient to fuel either a transforming oncogene or hyperactive signaling from an autoreactive BCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sadras
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Lai N. Chan
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Current affiliation: Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Markus Müschen
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang A, Rojas O, Lee D, Gommerman JL. Regulation of neuroinflammation by B cells and plasma cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 299:45-60. [PMID: 33107072 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable success of anti-CD20 B cell depletion therapies in reducing the burden of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease has prompted significant interest in how B cells contribute to neuroinflammation. Most focus has been on identifying pathogenic CD20+ B cells. However, an increasing number of studies have also identified regulatory functions of B lineage cells, particularly the production of IL-10, as being associated with disease remission in anti-CD20-treated MS patients. Moreover, IL-10-producing B cells have been linked to the attenuation of inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. In addition to IL-10-producing B cells, antibody-producing plasma cells (PCs) have also been implicated in suppressing neuroinflammation. This review will examine regulatory roles for B cells and PCs in MS and EAE. In addition, we speculate on the involvement of regulatory PCs and the cytokine BAFF in the context of anti-CD20 treatment. Lastly, we explore how the microbiota could influence anti-inflammatory B cell behavior. A better understanding of the contributions of different B cell subsets to the regulation of neuroinflammation, and factors that impact the development, maintenance, and migration of such subsets, will be important for rationalizing next-generation B cell-directed therapies for the treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olga Rojas
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis Lee
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou X, Yan J, Lu Q, Zhou H, Fan L. The pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: The aberrant distribution and function of different cell types in skin lesions. Scand J Immunol 2020; 93:e12933. [PMID: 32654170 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disease with a broad range of cutaneous manifestations. In skin lesions of CLE, keratinocytes primarily undergo apoptosis. Interferon-κ(IFN-κ) is belonged to type I interferons (type I IFNs) and is selectively produced by keratinocytes. Recently, keratinocytes selectively produced IFN-κ is identified to be a key to trigger type I interferon responses in CLE. Other immune cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are identified to be relevant origin of type I interferons (type I IFNs) which are central to the development of CLE lesions and responsible for mediating Th1 cell activity. Other types of cells such as neutrophils, B cells and Th17 cells also are involved in the development of this disease. The close interaction of those cells composes a comprehensive and complicated network in CLE. In this review, we discussed the aberrant distribution and function of different cells types involved in this disease and will offer a new direction for research and therapy in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinli Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qin H, Dong Z, Wang X, Cheng WA, Wen F, Xue W, Sun H, Walter M, Wei G, Smith DL, Sun X, Fei F, Xie J, Panagopoulou TI, Chen CW, Song JY, Aldoss I, Kayembe C, Sarno L, Müschen M, Inghirami GG, Forman SJ, Kwak LW. CAR T cells targeting BAFF-R can overcome CD19 antigen loss in B cell malignancies. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/511/eaaw9414. [PMID: 31554741 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw9414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CAR T cells targeting CD19 provide promising options for treatment of B cell malignancies. However, tumor relapse from antigen loss can limit efficacy. We developed humanized, second-generation CAR T cells against another B cell-specific marker, B cell activating factor receptor (BAFF-R), which demonstrated cytotoxicity against human lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lines. Adoptively transferred BAFF-R-CAR T cells eradicated 10-day preestablished tumor xenografts after a single treatment and retained efficacy against xenografts deficient in CD19 expression, including CD19-negative variants within a background of CD19-positive lymphoma cells. Four relapsed, primary ALLs with CD19 antigen loss obtained after CD19-directed therapy retained BAFF-R expression and activated BAFF-R-CAR, but not CD19-CAR, T cells. BAFF-R-CAR, but not CD19-CAR, T cells also demonstrated antitumor effects against an additional CD19 antigen loss primary patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in vivo. BAFF-R is amenable to CAR T cell therapy, and its targeting may prevent emergence of CD19 antigen loss variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Dong
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Center for CAR T Cell Therapy, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wesley A Cheng
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Feng Wen
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 910041, China
| | - Weili Xue
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Han Sun
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Miriam Walter
- Center for CAR T Cell Therapy, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guowei Wei
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - D Lynne Smith
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiuhua Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, CA 90007, USA
| | - Jianming Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, CA 90007, USA
| | - Theano I Panagopoulou
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joo Y Song
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Clarisse Kayembe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Luisa Sarno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Giorgio G Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Center for CAR T Cell Therapy, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Larry W Kwak
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gao S, Chen J, Xie J, Wang J. The effects of BAFF on T lymphocytes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2020; 21:66. [PMID: 32160903 PMCID: PMC7066828 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that B cell activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) expression is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However its role in this chronic inflammatory disease is not fully understood. Previous studies have suggested that BAFF also affects T cell function. We therefore investigated the effects of BAFF on T lymphocytes in COPD. Methods BAFF was detected in the cells of sputum and the plasma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from COPD patients and treated with BAFF or BAFF plus BR3-Fc (BAFF antagonist). The apoptosis of CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells were isolated from peripheral blood of COPD patients respectively and treated with BAFF or BAFF plus BR3-Fc. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were detected in the CD4+ cells, and perforin and granzyme B were detected in the CD8+ cells. Results BAFF expression was increased in the cells of sputum and the plasma from COPD patients compared with control subjects. The plasma BAFF levels were inversely correlated with FEV1 percentage of predicted in patients with COPD. BAFF did not significantly alter the apoptosis of CD4+ cells, however it significantly inhibited the apoptosis of CD8+ cells from COPD patients. BAFF increased IFN-γ expression in the CD4+ cells from COPD patients, while it did not significantly alter the expresson of IL-4 in these cells. BAFF increased the expression of perforin and granzyme B in the CD8+ cells from COPD patients. Conclusions Our findings indicate that BAFF may be involved in the inflammatory response in COPD via affecting T lymphocytes, suggesting a possible role of BAFF in the pathogenesis of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shupei Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinqing Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jianmiao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Q, Tan S, Xu K, Fu X, Yu J, Yang H, Wang H. Curcumin attenuates lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice by suppressing macrophage-secreted B cell activating factor (BAFF). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:2075-2083. [PMID: 31934029 PMCID: PMC6949641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of action of curcumin against a MRL/lpr lupus model. Eight-week-old female MRL/lpr mice were used to establish the lupus nephritis model. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis was conducted for lupus nephritis. Anti-dsDNA IgG and BAFF level were detected by ELISA. Cells directly isolated from the spleen were used to detect macrophage subsets and activation status by FACS. Curcumin reduced the total IgG and anti-dsDNA IgG levels in blood and reduced the activation of B cells in MRL/lpr mice. Moreover, curcumin prevented activation of macrophages in MRL/lpr mice. Levels of BAFF in serum, spleens and kidneys were also reduced in curcumin-treated MRL/lpr mice. In vitro experiments showed that curcumin reduced the activation of macrophage and leaded to the decrease of BAFF from them upon toll like receptor (TLR) 4 stimulation. Curcumin attenuates lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting macrophages activation and their secreting BAFF, which may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shirui Tan
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Kai Xu
- The First People’s Hospital of Honghe StateMengzi 661199, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- Kunming Institute of Environment ScienceKunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Junxu Yu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Kunming Kingmed DiagnosticsKunming 650214, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lima J, Cambridge G, Vilas‐Boas A, Martins C, Borrego L, Leandro M. Serum markers of B-cell activation in pregnancy during late gestation, delivery, and the postpartum period. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13090. [PMID: 30624814 PMCID: PMC6590212 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM B cells are vital for the normal evolution of pregnancy due to their humoral and possible regulatory activities. Our group and others have documented that circulating B-cell subsets undergo changes from normal late pregnancy to the postpartum period. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, this study examined the degree of B-cell activation in normal pregnancy by analyzing the levels of serum markers in healthy pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy, the day of delivery, and the postpartum period. METHOD OF STUDY A prospective study including pregnant and non-pregnant women attending routine care was undertaken at a hospital clinic. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, along with peripheral blood samples. The serum levels of soluble CD23 (sCD23), B-cell-activating factor (BAFF), kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLC), IgA, IgG, and IgM were quantified. RESULTS Our study included 43 third trimester pregnant and 35 non-pregnant women. In the pregnant women, the median levels of sCD23, BAFF, IgG, and κ FLC were significantly higher during the postpartum period than during the third trimester of pregnancy. Compared to the non-pregnant women, the third trimester pregnant women had higher median BAFF levels and lower sCD23, IgA, IgG, and FLC levels. CONCLUSION Changes in serum markers of B-cell kinetics that occur during pregnancy often persist into the postpartum period and affect the secretion of immunoglobulins from different classes. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological significance of our observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lima
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCUF Descobertas HospitalLisbonPortugal
- Department of Immunology, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculty of Medical SciencesNOVA Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
| | - Geraldine Cambridge
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andreia Vilas‐Boas
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Catarina Martins
- Department of Immunology, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculty of Medical SciencesNOVA Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
| | - Luís‐Miguel Borrego
- Department of Immunology, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Faculty of Medical SciencesNOVA Medical SchoolLisbonPortugal
- Department of ImmunoallergyCUF Descobertas HospitalLisbonPortugal
| | - Maria Leandro
- Centre for Rheumatology and Bloomsbury Rheumatology Unit, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kathamuthu GR, Moideen K, Banurekha VV, Nair D, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Altered circulating levels of B cell growth factors and their modulation upon anti-tuberculosis treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207404. [PMID: 30427928 PMCID: PMC6235371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor/a proliferation-inducing ligand (BAFF/APRIL) are members of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) α family of ligands, which are essential for B cell survival, development, and modulation of the immune system. To examine the association of circulating levels of BAFF and APRIL with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL), we measured the systemic levels of APRIL and BAFF in individuals with PTB, TBL, latent tuberculosis (LTB) and healthy controls (HC). Further, we also examined the pre and post-treatment plasma levels of above-mentioned parameters in PTB and TBL individuals upon completion of anti-TB chemotherapy. Next, the association of these cytokines either with extent of disease, disease severity, bacterial burden in PTB and lymph node culture grade or the lymph node size in TBL was also assessed. Finally, ROC analysis was performed to examine the discrimination capacity of APRIL and BAFF between PTB or TBL with LTB. Our study revealed significantly diminished plasma levels of APRIL in PTB and higher plasma levels of BAFF in both PTB and TBL individuals compared to LTB and HC. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in APRIL levels in TBL and significantly decreased plasma levels of BAFF in both PTB and TBL after the completion of successful anti-TB treatment. There was no statistically positive relationship between BAFF and APRIL levels and the extent of disease, disease severity and bacterial burden in PTB. In TBL, there was a significant correlation between APRIL (but not BAFF) levels with lymph node culture grades. In contrast, APRIL in PTB and BAFF in TBL were able to clearly discriminate from LTB in ROC analysis. In summary, our results showed altered levels of BAFF/APRIL and their modulation upon chemotherapy, suggesting that these cytokines might be involved in the immune-modulation of TB infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dina Nair
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Government Stanley Medical Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang W, Quach TD, Dascalu C, Liu Z, Leung T, Byrne-Steele M, Pan W, Yang Q, Han J, Lesser M, Rothstein TL, Furie R, Mackay M, Aranow C, Davidson A. Belimumab promotes negative selection of activated autoreactive B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. JCI Insight 2018; 3:122525. [PMID: 30185675 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Belimumab has therapeutic benefit in active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially in patients with high-titer anti-dsDNA antibodies. We asked whether the profound B cell loss in belimumab-treated SLE patients is accompanied by shifts in the immunoglobulin repertoire. We enrolled 15 patients who had been continuously treated with belimumab for more than 7 years, 17 matched controls, and 5 patients who were studied before and after drug initiation. VH genes of sort-purified mature B cells and plasmablasts were subjected to next-generation sequencing. We found that B cell-activating factor (BAFF) regulates the transitional B cell checkpoint, with conservation of transitional 1 (T1) cells and approximately 90% loss of T3 and naive B cells after chronic belimumab treatment. Class-switched memory B cells, B1 B cells, and plasmablasts were also substantially depleted. Next-generation sequencing revealed no redistribution of VH, DH, or JH family usage and no effect of belimumab on representation of the autoreactive VH4-34 gene or CDR3 composition in unmutated IgM sequences, suggesting a minimal effect on selection of the naive B cell repertoire. Interestingly, a significantly greater loss of VH4-34 was observed among mutated IgM and plasmablast sequences in chronic belimumab-treated subjects than in controls, suggesting that belimumab promotes negative selection of activated autoreactive B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Huang
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and
| | - Tam D Quach
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and
| | - Cosmin Dascalu
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and
| | - Zheng Liu
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and
| | - Tungming Leung
- Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Wenjing Pan
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Qunying Yang
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Jian Han
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin Lesser
- Biostatistics Unit, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas L Rothstein
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard Furie
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Meggan Mackay
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| | - Anne Davidson
- Center for Autoimmunity and Musculoskeletal and Hematologic Diseases, and.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Great Neck, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sudres M, Verdier J, Truffault F, Le Panse R, Berrih-Aknin S. Pathophysiological mechanisms of autoimmunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1413:59-68. [PMID: 29377165 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are chronic disorders characterized by inflammatory reactions against self-antigens that can be either systemic or organ specific. AIDs can differ in their epidemiologic features and clinical presentations, yet all share a remarkable complexity. AIDs result from an interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors with environmental components that are associated with imbalances in the immune system. Many of the pathogenic mechanisms of AIDs are also implicated in myasthenia gravis (MG), an AID in which inflammation of the thymus leads to a neuromuscular disorder. Our goal here is to highlight the similarities and differences between MG and other AIDs by reviewing the common transcriptome signatures and the development of germinal centers and by discussing some unresolved questions about autoimmune mechanisms. This review will propose hypotheses to explain the origin of regulatory T (Treg ) cell defects and the causes of chronicity and specificity of AIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Sudres
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Julien Verdier
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Truffault
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- INSERM U974, Paris, France.,UPMC Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,AIM, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Qin H, Wei G, Sakamaki I, Dong Z, Cheng WA, Smith DL, Wen F, Sun H, Kim K, Cha S, Bover L, Neelapu SS, Kwak LW. Novel BAFF-Receptor Antibody to Natively Folded Recombinant Protein Eliminates Drug-Resistant Human B-cell Malignancies In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1114-1123. [PMID: 29180606 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: mAbs such as anti-CD20 rituximab are proven therapies in B-cell malignancies, yet many patients develop resistance. Novel therapies against alternative targets are needed to circumvent resistance mechanisms. We sought to generate mAbs against human B-cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R/TNFRSF13C), which has not yet been targeted successfully for cancer therapy.Experimental Design: Novel mAbs were generated against BAFF-R, expressed as a natively folded cell surface immunogen on mouse fibroblast cells. Chimeric BAFF-R mAbs were developed and assessed for in vitro and in vivo monotherapy cytotoxicity. The chimeric mAbs were tested against human B-cell tumor lines, primary patient samples, and drug-resistant tumors.Results: Chimeric antibodies bound with high affinity to multiple human malignant B-cell lines and induced potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against multiple subtypes of human lymphoma and leukemia, including primary tumors from patients who had relapsed after anti-CD20 therapy. Chimeric antibodies also induced ADCC against ibrutinib-resistant and rituximab-insensitive CD20-deficient variant lymphomas, respectively. Importantly, they demonstrated remarkable in vivo growth inhibition of drug-resistant tumor models in immunodeficient mice.Conclusions: Our method generated novel anti-BAFF-R antibody therapeutics with remarkable single-agent antitumor effects. We propose that these antibodies represent an effective new strategy for targeting and treating drug-resistant B-cell malignancies and warrant further development. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1114-23. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qin
- Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center, Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, and Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Duarte, California.
| | - Guowei Wei
- Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center, Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, and Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Duarte, California
| | - Ippei Sakamaki
- Department of Clinical Infectious diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Zhenyuan Dong
- Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center, Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, and Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Duarte, California
| | - Wesley A Cheng
- Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center, Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, and Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Duarte, California
| | - D Lynne Smith
- Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center, Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, and Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Duarte, California
| | - Feng Wen
- Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center, Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, and Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Duarte, California.,Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Sun
- Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center, Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, and Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Duarte, California
| | - Kunhwa Kim
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Soungchul Cha
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura Bover
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Larry W Kwak
- Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center, Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, and Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Duarte, California.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Anuradha R, Munisankar S, Bhootra Y, Dolla C, Kumaran P, Nutman TB, Babu S. Modulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific humoral immune responses is associated with Strongyloides stercoralis co-infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005569. [PMID: 28459817 PMCID: PMC5426788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background / Objectives Helminth infections are known to influence T cell responses in latent tuberculosis (LTBI). Whether helminth infections also modulate B cell responses in helminth-tuberculosis co-infection is not known. Methods We assessed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)–antigen specific IgM and IgG levels, circulating levels of the B cell growth factors, BAFF and APRIL and the absolute numbers of the various B cell subsets in individuals with LTBI, LTBI with coincident Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss) infection (LTBI/Ss) and in those with Ss infection alone (Ss). We also measured the above-mentioned parameters in the LTBI-Ss group after anthelmintic therapy. Results Our data reveal that LTBI-Ss exhibit significantly diminished levels of Mtb-specific IgM and IgG, BAFF and APRIL levels in comparison to those with LTBI. Similarly, those with LTBI-Ss had significantly diminished numbers of all B cell subsets (naïve, immature, classical memory, activated memory, atypical memory and plasma cells) compared to those with LTBI. There was a positive correlation between Mtb—antigen specific IgM and IgG levels and BAFF and APRIL levels that were in turn related to the numbers of activated memory B cells, atypical memory B cells and plasma cells. Finally, anthelmintic treatment resulted in significantly increased levels of Mtb—antigen specific IgM and IgG levels and the numbers of each of the B cell subsets. Conclusions Our data, therefore, reveal that Ss infection is associated with significant modulation of Mtb-specific antibody responses, the levels of B cell growth factors and the numbers of B cells (and their component subsets). Helminth infections and tuberculosis are two of the major health care problems worldwide and share a great deal of geographical overlap. Moreover, helminth infections are known to induce immune responses that are antagonistic to the protective immune responses elicited by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Having previously demonstrated that helminth infections can profoundly alter protective T cell responses needed to control tuberculosis infection, we examined how Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss) infection influences B cell responses in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the context of co-infection and showed the Ss infection is associated with dramatic alterations in mycobacterial-specific IgG and IgM responses and levels of B cells and their growth factors BAFF and APRIL. These alterations in B cell responses could have implications for vaccine-induced immune responses to tuberculosis in helminth—endemic countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanickam Anuradha
- National Institutes of Health—NIRT—International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institutes of Health—NIRT—International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Yukti Bhootra
- National Institutes of Health—NIRT—International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Paul Kumaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Thomas B. Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health—NIRT—International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Feng JJ, Ontaneda D. Treating primary-progressive multiple sclerosis: potential of ocrelizumab and review of B-cell therapies. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2017; 7:31-45. [PMID: 30050376 PMCID: PMC6053100 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy has evolved rapidly with an increased availability of several immunomodulating therapies over the past two decades. Disease-modifying therapies have proven to be effective in treating relapse-remitting MS (RRMS). However, clinical trials involving some of the same agents for secondary-progressive and primary-progressive MS (SPMS and PPMS) have been largely negative. The pathogenesis of progressive MS remains unclear, but B-cells may play a significant role in chronic compartmentalized inflammation, likely contributing to disease progression. Biologics targeted at B-cells, such as rituximab, are effective in treating RRMS. Ocrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to CD20+ B-cells that has shown positive results in PPMS with a significant reduction in disease progression. This review aims to discuss in detail the involvement of B-cells in MS pathogenesis, current progress of currently available and investigational biologics, with focus on ocrelizumab, and future prospects for B-cell therapy in PPMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Dilidaer, Zheng Y, Liu Z, Hu X, Zhang J, Hu L, Han M, Wang D, Li H. Increased BAFF expression in nasal polyps is associated with local IgE production, Th2 response and concomitant asthma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 274:1883-1890. [PMID: 28035475 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor of the TNF family is critical for the survival and maturation of B cells and play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). In this study, nasal tissues were enrolled from 25 CRSwNP patients (asthmatic, 16; non-asthmatic, 9), 12 CRSsNP patients and ten control subjects, respectively. The immunoreactivity of BAFF, CD20 and CD138 were examined using immunohistochemistry staining. The mRNA expression of BAFF, CD20, εGLT, AID, GATA3 and CRTH2 were examined using real-time RT-PCR. The protein levels of BAFF, IL-5 and IgE were measured using ELISA assays and the Unicap system, respectively. We found the numbers of BAFF+ cells, CD20+ cells (B cells) and CD138+ cells (plasma cells) were significantly increased in polyp tissues compared with control groups. The concentrations of BAFF, IgE and IL-5 in tissue homogenates were also significantly increased in polyp tissues compared with control groups, and the BAFF protein level in the polyp homogenates was significantly associated with the IgE and IL-5 levels and with concomitant asthma in CRSwNP patients. Our findings indicate that BAFF expression is significantly increased in CRSwNP patients and may orchestrate inflammatory load in polyp tissues by regulating T and B cell-mediated response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilidaer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 38, East Nanhu Road, Xinjiang, 830063, China
| | - Zhuofu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xianting Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Miaomiao Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Shetty
- Center for Blistering Diseases and the Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A. Razzaque Ahmed
- Center for Blistering Diseases and the Department of Dermatology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The introduction of corticosteroids and later, cyclophosphamide dramatically improved survival in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, and combined administration of these agents became the standard-of-care treatment for this disease. However, treatment failures were still common and the rate of progression to ESRD remained unacceptably high. Additionally, treatment was associated with significant morbidity. Therefore, as patient survival improved, the goals for advancing lupus nephritis treatment shifted to identifying therapies that could improve long-term renal outcomes and minimize treatment-related toxicity. Unfortunately, progress has been slow and the current approaches to the management of lupus nephritis continue to rely on high-dose corticosteroids plus a broad-spectrum immunosuppressive agent. Over the past decade, an improved understanding of lupus nephritis pathogenesis fueled several clinical trials of novel drugs, but none have been found to be superior to the combination of a cytotoxic agent and corticosteroids. Despite these trial failures, efforts to translate mechanistic advances into new treatment approaches continue. In this review, we discuss current therapeutic strategies for lupus nephritis, briefly review recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease, and describe emerging approaches developed on the basis of these advances that promise to improve upon the standard-of-care lupus nephritis treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir V Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Brad H Rovin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhuang W, Zhang J, Pei L, Fang S, Liu H, Wang R, Su Y. Generation and characterization of human B lymphocyte stimulator blocking monoclonal antibody. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:141-7. [PMID: 27505709 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine, B lymphocyte stimulator (Blys) is essential for activation and proliferation of B cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases. Based on its essential activity, Blys may be a potential therapeutic target for human autoimmune diseases. In this article, we have described the development of a novel humanized anti-Blys antibody, NMB04, that binds with high affinity and specificity to both soluble and membrane bound Blys. This monoclonal antibody has the potential to block Blys binding to all its three receptors, TACI, BCMA and BR-3. Further in vivo studies revealed that NMB04 possessed more potent inhibitory activity against human Blys as compared to an existing antibody, Belimumab. Therefore, NMB04 may have potential as a therapeutic candidate targeting autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lili Pei
- Novomab Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Shuping Fang
- Novomab Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Honghao Liu
- Novomab Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunpeng Su
- Novomab Biopharmaceuticals Inc., Nanjing 210042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gui L, Zeng Q, Xu Z, Zhang H, Qin S, Liu C, Xu C, Qian Z, Zhang S, Huang S, Chen L. IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ or TNF-α enhances BAFF-stimulated cell viability and survival by activating Erk1/2 and S6K1 pathways in neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Cytokine 2016; 84:37-46. [PMID: 27235588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) has been documented to act as a critical factor in the development of aggressive B lymphocytes and autoimmune diseases. However, the effect of various cytokines on BAFF-elicited neoplastic B-lymphoid cells is not known. In this study, we exhibited that administration of human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF), IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, or TNF-α alone increased cell viability and survival in Raji cells concentration-dependently, yet a more robust viability/survival was seen in the cells co-treatment of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, or TNF-α with hsBAFF, respectively. Further research revealed that both Erk1/2 and S6K1 signaling pathways were essential for IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, or TNF-α enhancement of the viability/survival in the hsBAFF-stimulated cells, as inhibition of Erk1/2 with U0126 or down-regulation of Erk1/2, or blockage of S6K1 with rapamycin or silencing S6K1, or silencing S6K1/Erk1/2, respectively, reduced the cell viability/survival in the cells treated with/without hsBAFF±IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, or TNF-α. These findings indicate that IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ or TNF-α enhances BAFF-stimulated cell viability/survival by activating Erk1/2 and S6K1 signaling in neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Our data suggest that modulation of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and/or TNF-α levels, or inhibitors of Erk1/2 or S6K1 may be a new approach to prevent BAFF-induced aggressive B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhou Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Allman WR, Liu L, Coleman AS, Akkoyunlu M. MRL Strains Have a BAFFR Mutation without Functional Consequence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154518. [PMID: 27149280 PMCID: PMC4858247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that B cell activating factor receptor (BAFFR) is critical for B cell development and survival. In this study, we sought to evaluate the expression and function of BAFFR across multiple stains of mice that vary in their potential to develop systemic autoimmune disease. The inability of a commercial antibody to bind to BAFFR in the autoimmune prone mouse strains, MRL and MRL/Lpr led to the discovery of a mutation in TNFRSF13C gene (encoding BAFFR) that resulted in a Pro44Ser substitution in the N-terminus near the BAFF binding site in these strains. To define the biological consequences of mutant BAFFR, we compared the expression and activity of BAFFR in MRL and MRL/Lpr mice to BALB/c, which express the consensus version of TNFRSF13C. B cells from MRL and MRL/Lpr mice expressed mutant BAFFR on surface and were capable of responding to BAFF as exhibited by BAFF-mediated reduction in apoptosis and NF-κB2 activation. Signaling through MAPK ERK1/2 was not significantly induced by BAFF in MRL/Lpr mice; however, MAPK ERK1/2 signaling was intact in MRL mice. The inability of MRL/Lpr B cells to significantly activate ERK1/2 in response to BAFF was due to the high basal activity of the signaling pathway in these cells. In fact, basal activity of ERK1/2 in B cells correlated with the degree of autoimmune susceptibility exhibited by each strain. In addition, aged MRL/Lpr mice with severe autoimmune disease had high BAFF levels, low surface BAFFR, and high basal NF-κB2 activation, a pattern which is attributed to the high frequency of antibody secreting cells. We conclude that P44S BAFFR mutation does not hinder BAFFR function or enhance B cell activity in MRL/Lpr and MRL mice and that other susceptibility loci on the MRL background contributed to the hyperactivity of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Windy R. Allman
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993–0002, United States of America
| | - Lunhua Liu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993–0002, United States of America
| | - Adam S. Coleman
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993–0002, United States of America
| | - Mustafa Akkoyunlu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993–0002, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ji J, Xu J, Li F, Li X, Gong W, Song Y, Dou H, Hou Y. A benzenediamine derivate FC-99 attenuates lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice via inhibiting myeloid dendritic cell-secreted BAFF. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:411-9. [PMID: 27121231 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) can produce B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) that modulates survival and differentiation of B cells and plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has important functions in the process of BAFF production. Our previous study showed that a benzenediamine derivate FC-99 possesses anti-inflammation activity and directly interacts with interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), which was a pivotal molecule in TLR4 signaling. In this study, we demonstrated that FC-99 attenuated lupus nephritis in the MRL/lpr mice. FC-99 also decreased the levels of total immunoglobulin G (IgG), total IgG2a and IgM in sera, as well as the activation of B cells in the spleens of MRL/lpr mice. Moreover, FC-99 inhibited abnormal activation of myeloid DCs in spleens and reduced the levels of BAFF in sera, spleens, and kidneys of MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, upon TLR4 stimulation with lipopolysaccharide in vitro, FC-99 inhibited IRAK4 phosphorylation, as well as the activation and BAFF production in murine bone marrow-derived DCs. These data indicate that FC-99 attenuates lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice via inhibiting DC-secreted BAFF, suggesting that FC-99 may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fanlin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuxian Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yeo SC, Liew A. Biologic agents in the treatment of glomerulonephritides. Nephrology (Carlton) 2016; 20:767-87. [PMID: 26040770 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current immunosuppression strategies in the treatment of glomerulonephritides remain unsatisfactory, especially in glomerular diseases that are frequently relapsing or are resistant to treatment. Toxicities associated with the use of drugs with non-specific targets for the immune response result in treatment non-compliance, and increase morbidity and mortality in these patients. Advances in our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and the availability of biologics have led to their successful use in the treatment of immune-mediated glomerular diseases. Biologics are usually very large complex molecules, often produced using recombinant DNA technology and manufactured in a living system such as a microorganism, or plant or animal cells. They are novel agents that can target specific immune cell types, cytokines or immune pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. It is attractive to consider that, given their specific mode of action, these agents can potentially offer a more directed and effective immunosuppression, with side-effect profiles that are much more desirable. However, there have been few randomized controlled trials comparing biologic agents to conventional immunosuppression, and in many of these studies the side-effect profiles have been disappointingly similar. In this review, we will examine the rationale, efficacy and safety of some commonly used biologics in the treatment of primary and secondary glomerulonephritides. We will also discuss some of the key challenges that may be encountered with the use of biologics in treating glomerulonephritis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- See Cheng Yeo
- Department of Renal Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Adrian Liew
- Department of Renal Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Witcher J, Fleischmann R, Chindalore VL, Hansen RJ, Hu L, Radtke D, Voelker J, Gomez E, McColm J. Pharmacokinetics and safety of single doses of tabalumab in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 81:908-17. [PMID: 26648084 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Two phase 1 studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and biological activity of tabalumab, a human monoclonal antibody against B-cell activating factor (BAFF), administered intravenously (i.v.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS In study A, subjects with RA (n = 23) or SLE (n = 6) received a single i.v. dose of tabalumab (RA 0.01, 0.04, 0.125, 0.5, 2.0, and 8.0 mg kg(-1) and SLE 0.125 or 2.0 mg kg(-1) ) or placebo. In study B, subjects with RA received a single tabalumab dose i.v. (10 mg) (n = 12) or s.c. (20 mg) (n = 12). Serum tabalumab and CD20+ B cells were evaluated and safety was assessed throughout both studies. RESULTS Tabalumab PK were non-linear across the 0.01 to 8.0 mg kg(-1) dose range. Clearance (CL) decreased from 2.9 to 0.1 l day(-1) and terminal half-life (t1/2 ) increased from about 1.6 to 25 days. Subjects with RA or SLE had similar PK. After s.c. dosing, tabalumab time to maximal concentration (tmax ) was 5.5 days. Absolute bioavailability (F) was approximately 62%. Following tabalumab dosing, CD20+ B cells transiently increased from baseline followed by a progressive decrease below baseline. CONCLUSION A single tabalumab dose administered i.v. or s.c. was well tolerated and had non-linear CL over the dose range investigated in subjects with RA and SLE. The non-linearity likely reflects target-mediated CL due to binding to BAFF. Tabalumab showed biological activity based on changes in peripheral CD20+ lymphocyte numbers in both subjects with RA and SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leijun Hu
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | - Elisa Gomez
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Huang A, Madan RK, Levitt J. Future therapies for pemphigus vulgaris: Rituximab and beyond. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:746-53. [PMID: 26792592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The conventional treatment for patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) centers on global immunosuppression, such as the use of steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs, to decrease titers of antidesmoglein autoantibodies responsible for the acantholytic blisters. Global immunosuppressants, however, cause serious side effects. The emergence of anti-CD20 biologic medications, such as rituximab, as an adjunct to conventional therapy has shifted the focus to targeted destruction of autoimmune B cells. Next-generation biologic medications with improved modes of delivery, pharmacology, and side effect profiles are constantly being developed, adding to the diversity of options for PV treatment. We review promising monoclonal antibodies, including veltuzumab, obinutuzumab (GA-101), ofatumumab, ocaratuzumab (AME-133v), PRO131921, and belimumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Huang
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Raman K Madan
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Jacob Levitt
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) has dramatically improved over the last two decades by the development of a series of targeted biological therapies. This paper focuses on new developments in the treatment of IMIDs. In particular, we discuss how different ways of targeting the same mediators can lead to different efficacy and safety profiles, using B cell targeting as example. In addition, we discuss the emerging field of 'small molecules' that target specifically intracellular processes related to cytokine signaling, cell activation, cell migration, and other processes relevant to tissue inflammation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhou H, Xiong L, Wang Y, Ding L, Hu S, Zhao M, Zhou L. Treatment of murine lupus with PD-LIg. Clin Immunol 2016; 162:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
44
|
B-Cell Activating Factor as a Cancer Biomarker and Its Implications in Cancer-Related Cachexia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:792187. [PMID: 26339644 PMCID: PMC4538579 DOI: 10.1155/2015/792187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a cytokine and adipokine of the TNF ligand superfamily. The main biological function of BAFF in maintaining the maturation of B-cells to plasma cells has recently made it a target of the first FDA-approved selective BAFF antibody, belimumab, for the therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus. Concomitantly, the role of BAFF in cancer has been a subject of research since its discovery. Here we review BAFF as a biomarker of malignant disease activity and prognostic factor in B-cell derived malignancies such as multiple myeloma. Moreover, anti-BAFF therapy seems to be a promising approach in treatment of B-cell derived leukemias/lymphomas. In nonhematologic solid tumors, BAFF may contribute to cancer progression by mechanisms both dependent on and independent of BAFF's proinflammatory role. We also describe ongoing research into the pathophysiological link between BAFF and cancer-related cachexia. BAFF has been shown to contribute to inflammation and insulin resistance which are known to worsen cancer cachexia syndrome. Taking all the above together, BAFF is emerging as a biomarker of several malignancies and a possible hallmark of cancer cachexia.
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang J, Li Q, Xie J, Xu Y. Cigarette smoke inhibits BAFF expression and mucosal immunoglobulin A responses in the lung during influenza virus infection. Respir Res 2015; 16:37. [PMID: 25849069 PMCID: PMC4364338 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is incompletely understood how cigarette smoke (CS) exposure affects lung mucosal immune responses during viral respiratory infections. B cell activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) plays an important role in the induction of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) which is the main effector of the mucosal immune system. We therefore investigated the effects of CS exposure on BAFF expression and S-IgA responses in the lung during influenza virus infection. METHODS Mice were exposed to CS and/or infected with influenza virus. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung compartments were analyzed for BAFF expression, influenza-specific S-IgA level and histological changes. Lung B cells were isolated and the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Aicda) expression was determined. BEAS-2B cells were treated with CS extract (CSE), influenza virus, interferon beta or N-acetylcysteine and BAFF expression was measured. RESULTS CS inhibited BAFF expression in the lung, particularly after long-term exposure. BAFF and S-IgA levels were increased during influenza virus infection. Three-month CS exposure prior to influenza virus infection resulted in reduced BAFF and S-IgA levels in the lung as well as augmented pulmonary inflammation on day 7 after infection. Prior CS exposure also caused decreased Aicda expression in lung B cells during infection. Neutralization of BAFF in the lung resulted in reduced S-IgA levels during influenza virus infection. CSE inhibited virus-mediated BAFF induction in a dose-dependent manner in BEAS-2B cells, while this inhibition of BAFF by CSE was prevented by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that CS may hinder early mucosal IgA responses in the lung during influenza virus infection through oxidative inhibition of BAFF, which might contribute to the increased incidence and severity of viral infections in smokers.
Collapse
|
46
|
Fong WWS, Yoong JKC. Mycophenolate Mofetil as a Potential Therapeutic Option for Neuropsychiatric Lupus: A Case Report. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/201010581402300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric lupus manifests clinically in a multitude of syndromes. The lack of specificity of serological and radiological tests make the confirmation of its diagnosis a challenge. The pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric lupus is not well understood and its evidence-based pharmacological treatment remains unestablished. We describe a patient who had bipolar affective disorder and angiographic evidence of cerebral arteritis that resolved with immunosuppressive therapy alone. Concomitantly, there was lupus-associated acute pancreatitis. Immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose corticosteroids had initiated control of active disease. Azathioprine, subsequently commenced as the steroid sparing agent, was discontinued because of adverse-effects. Disease-remission was later achieved and maintained with mycophenolate mofetil and low-dose prednisolone for 4 years. Though further studies are needed to confirm this observation, mycophenolate mofetil, a well-tolerated and established therapy for lupus nephritis and showing promise for the treatment of an increasing number of lupus-related pathologies, may be considered as a therapeutic option for neuropsychiatric lupus.
Collapse
|
47
|
Berrih-Aknin S. Myasthenia Gravis: paradox versus paradigm in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2014; 52:1-28. [PMID: 24934596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a paradigm of organ-specific autoimmune disease (AID). It is mediated by antibodies that target the neuromuscular junction. The purpose of this review is to place MG in the general context of autoimmunity, to summarize the common mechanisms between MG and other AIDs, and to describe the specific mechanisms of MG. We have chosen the most common organ-specific AIDs to compare with MG: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), multiple sclerosis (MS), some systemic AIDs (systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS)), as well as inflammatory diseases of the gut and liver (celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CD), and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)). Several features are similar between all AIDs, suggesting that common pathogenic mechanisms lead to their development. In this review, we address the predisposing factors (genetic, epigenetic, hormones, vitamin D, microbiota), the triggering components (infections, drugs) and their interactions with the immune system [1,2]. The dysregulation of the immune system is detailed and includes the role of B cells, Treg cells, Th17 and cytokines. We particularly focused on the role of TNF-α and interferon type I whose role in MG is very analogous to that in several other AIDS. The implication of AIRE, a key factor in central tolerance is also discussed. Finally, if MG is a prototype of AIDS, it has a clear specificity compared to the other AIDS, by the fact that the target organ, the muscle, is not the site of immune infiltration and B cell expansion, but exclusively that of antibody-mediated pathogenic mechanisms. By contrast, the thymus in the early onset subtype frequently undergoes tissue remodeling, resulting in the development of ectopic germinal centers surrounded by high endothelial venules (HEV), as observed in the target organs of many other AIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Myology Research Center UM76, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM U974, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS FRE 3617, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Myology, F-75013 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a tumor necrosis family receptor (TNFR) member that is predominantly expressed on terminally differentiated B cells and, upon binding to its ligands B cell activator of the TNF family (BAFF) and a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL), delivers pro-survival cell signals. Thus, BCMA is mostly known for its functional activity in mediating the survival of plasma cells that maintain long-term humoral immunity. The expression of BCMA has also been linked to a number of cancers, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases that suggest additional roles for BCMA activity. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the roles for the related TNFR members BAFF-R and transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), the signaling pathway used by BCMA for mediating plasma cell survival as well as its putative function in certain disease states are not well understood. By examining the expression, regulation, and signaling targets of BCMA, we may gain further insight into this receptor and how it operates within cells in both health and disease. This information is important for identifying new therapeutic targets that may be relevant in treating diseases that involve the BAFF/APRIL cytokine network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Coquery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Szili D, Bankó Z, Tóth EA, Nagy G, Rojkovich B, Gáti T, Simon M, Hérincs Z, Sármay G. TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1) at the crossroad of B cell receptor and Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathways in human B cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96381. [PMID: 24801688 PMCID: PMC4011794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell development and activation are regulated by combined signals mediated by the B cell receptor (BCR), receptors for the B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF-R) and the innate receptor, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). However, the underlying mechanisms by which these signals cooperate in human B cells remain unclear. Our aim was to elucidate the key signaling molecules at the crossroads of BCR, BAFF-R and TLR9 mediated pathways and to follow the functional consequences of costimulation.Therefore we stimulated purified human B cells by combinations of anti-Ig, B-cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) and the TLR9 agonist, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Phosphorylation status of various signaling molecules, B cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, plasma blast generation and the frequency of IgG producing cells were investigated. We have found that BCR induced signals cooperate with BAFF-R- and TLR9-mediated signals at different levels of cell activation. BCR and BAFF- as well as TLR9 and BAFF-mediated signals cooperate at NFκB activation, while BCR and TLR9 synergistically costimulate mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK, JNK and p38. We show here for the first time that the MAP3K7 (TGF beta activated kinase, TAK1) is responsible for the synergistic costimulation of B cells by BCR and TLR9, resulting in an enhanced cell proliferation, plasma blast generation, cytokine and antibody production. Specific inhibitor of TAK1 as well as knocking down TAK1 by siRNA abrogates the synergistic signals. We conclude that TAK1 is a key regulator of receptor crosstalk between BCR and TLR9, thus plays a critical role in B cell development and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Szili
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bankó
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - György Nagy
- Buda Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Rheumatology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Tamás Gáti
- Buda Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Simon
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hérincs
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Sármay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
The effect of B-cell depletion therapy on serological evidence of B-cell and plasmablast activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis over multiple cycles of rituximab treatment. J Autoimmun 2014; 50:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|