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Ji L, Fu Y, Xiong S. Chimeric antigen carried by extracellular vesicles induces stronger protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152834. [PMID: 38968836 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Although Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used in human for centuries, tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases.There have been remarkable successes in the field of TB vaccine research over the past decade, but the search for a better vaccine candidate is still a challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess a multitude of properties that make them attractive candidates for the development of novel, cell-free, non-replicative, and safe vaccine system. These properties include their small size, inherent immunogenicity, ability to be taken up by immune cells, self-adjuvant capability and the comprehensive distribution of concentrated antigens. In this study, we designed a newly chimeric antigen TB vaccine (CA) with three Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) antigens that identified from extracellular vesicle derived from M. tb-infected macrophage. We confirmed that the CA stimulated a more pronounced immune response and enhanced T-cell activation, thereby providing superior protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in comparison to the bivalent antigens. Importantly, the EVs carrying CA (EVs-CA) provided enhanced protection against M. tb infection compared to unencapsulated CA antigen. Moreover, we established an EV-carried CA system (EVs-CA) and released from a transformed cell line using endogenous loading of antigen method. This method displayed the CA could efficiently package into EVs and increased concentration of this antigen. The chimeric antigen carried by EVs induced higher levels of cytokines production and specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, resulted in enhancing antibody response and improving protective efficacy. Our findings suggested that the potential of EVs as delivery system to carry the M. tb-specific chimeric antigen for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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2
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Singh S, Kanzin D, Chavez S, Saavedra-Avila NA, Ng TW, Lukose R, Mayer O, Kim J, Chen B, Chen M, Porcelli SA, Jacobs WR, Tiwari S. Boosting Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Strain via Zinc-Dependent Ribosomal Proteins. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1571. [PMID: 39062144 PMCID: PMC11274837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health burden and kills over a million people annually. New immunization strategies are required for the development of an efficacious TB vaccine that can potentially induce sterilizing immunity. In this study, we first confirmed that a live vaccine strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis, previously designated as IKEPLUS, conferred a higher survival benefit than the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in a murine model of intravenous Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. We have shown that there was a significant increase in the expression of the Rv0282 gene, which is encoded in the esx-3 locus, which played an important role in iron uptake when IKEPLUS was grown in both low zinc and iron-containing Sauton medium. We then confirmed using in vitro assays of biofilm formation that zinc plays a vital role in the growth and formation of M. smegmatis biofilms. IKEPLUS grown in low zinc media led to the better protection of mice after intravenous challenge with a very high dosage of Mtb. We also showed that various variants of IKEPLUS induced apoptotic cell-death of infected macrophages at a higher rate than wild-type M. smegmatis. We next attempted to determine if zinc containing ribosomal proteins such as rpmb2 could contribute to protective efficacy against Mtb infection. Since BCG has an established role in anti-mycobacterial efficacy, we boosted BCG vaccinated mice with rmpb2, but this did not lead to an increment in the protection mediated by BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - David Kanzin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Sarah Chavez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | | | - Tony W. Ng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Regy Lukose
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Oren Mayer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - John Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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3
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Nieuwenhuizen NE, Nouailles G, Sutherland JS, Zyla J, Pasternack AH, Heyckendorf J, Frye BC, Höhne K, Zedler U, Bandermann S, Abu Abed U, Brinkmann V, Gutbier B, Witzenrath M, Suttorp N, Zissel G, Lange C, Ritvos O, Kaufmann SHE. Activin A levels are raised during human tuberculosis and blockade of the activin signaling axis influences murine responses to M. tuberculosis infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0340823. [PMID: 38376260 PMCID: PMC10936190 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03408-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Activin A strongly influences immune responses; yet, few studies have examined its role in infectious diseases. We measured serum activin A levels in two independent tuberculosis (TB) patient cohorts and in patients with pneumonia and sarcoidosis. Serum activin A levels were increased in TB patients compared to healthy controls, including those with positive tuberculin skin tests, and paralleled severity of disease, assessed by X-ray scores. In pneumonia patients, serum activin A levels were also raised, but in sarcoidosis patients, levels were lower. To determine whether blockade of the activin A signaling axis could play a functional role in TB, we harnessed a soluble activin type IIB receptor fused to human IgG1 Fc, ActRIIB-Fc, as a ligand trap in a murine TB model. The administration of ActRIIB-Fc to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mice resulted in decreased bacterial loads and increased numbers of CD4 effector T cells and tissue-resident memory T cells in the lung. Increased frequencies of tissue-resident memory T cells corresponded with downregulated T-bet expression in lung CD4 and CD8 T cells. Altogether, the results suggest a disease-exacerbating role of ActRIIB signaling pathways. Serum activin A may be useful as a biomarker for diagnostic triage of active TB or monitoring of anti-tuberculosis therapy. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death by a bacterial pathogen. The etiologic agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, can remain dormant in the infected host for years before causing disease. Significant effort has been made to identify biomarkers that can discriminate between latently infected and actively diseased individuals. We found that serum levels of the cytokine activin A were associated with increased lung pathology and could discriminate between active tuberculosis and tuberculin skin-test-positive healthy controls. Activin A signals through the ActRIIB receptor, which can be blocked by administration of the ligand trap ActRIIB-Fc, a soluble activin type IIB receptor fused to human IgG1 Fc. In a murine model of tuberculosis, we found that ActRIIB-Fc treatment reduced mycobacterial loads. Strikingly, ActRIIB-Fc treatment significantly increased the number of tissue-resident memory T cells. These results suggest a role for ActRIIB signaling pathways in host responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and activin A as a biomarker of ongoing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E. Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jayne S. Sutherland
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Joanna Zyla
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Arja H. Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn C. Frye
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Höhne
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zedler
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Bandermann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Abu Abed
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgitt Gutbier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gernot Zissel
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine and International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children´s Hospital, Global TB Program, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Emeritus Group Systems Immunology, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - the CAPNETZ Study group
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
- CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine and International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children´s Hospital, Global TB Program, Houston, Texas, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Emeritus Group Systems Immunology, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - the DZIF TB study group
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany
- CAPNETZ STIFTUNG, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
- Respiratory Medicine and International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children´s Hospital, Global TB Program, Houston, Texas, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Emeritus Group Systems Immunology, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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4
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Singh S, Kanzin D, Chavez S, Saavedra-Avila NA, Ng TW, Lukose R, Mayer O, Kim J, Chen B, Chen M, Porcelli SA, Jacobs WR, Tiwari S. Boosting bactericidal immunity of a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis strain via zinc-dependent ribosomal proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.11.571163. [PMID: 38168334 PMCID: PMC10760040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.571163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health burden and kills over a million people annually. New immunization strategies are required for the development of an efficacious TB vaccine that can potentially induce sterilizing immunity. In this study, we first confirmed that various strains of the IKEPLUS vaccine confer a higher survival benefit than BCG in a murine model of intravenous Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. We have shown that there was a significant increase in the expression of the Rv0282 when IKEPLUS was grown in low zinc and iron containing Sauton medium. We confirmed on biofilm assays that zinc plays a vital role in the growth and formation of Mycobacterium smegmatis ( M. smegmatis ) biofilms. IKEPLUS grown in low zinc media led to better protection of mice after intravenous challenge with very high dosage of Mtb. We also showed that various variants of IKEPLUS induced apoptotic cell-death of infected macrophages at a higher rate than wild type M. smegmatis . We next attempted to determine if zinc containing ribosomal proteins such as rpmb2 could contribute to protective efficacy against Mtb infection. Since BCG has an established role in anti-mycobacterial efficacy, we boosted BCG vaccinated mice with rmpb2 but this did not lead to an increment in the protection mediated by BCG.
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5
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Venkatasubramanian S, Pryor R, Plumlee C, Cohen SB, Simmons JD, Warr AJ, Graustein AD, Saha A, Hawn TR, Urdahl KB, Shah JA. TOLLIP Optimizes Dendritic Cell Maturation to Lipopolysaccharide and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:435-445. [PMID: 35803695 PMCID: PMC9339496 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TOLLIP is a central regulator of multiple innate immune signaling pathways, including TLR2, TLR4, IL-1R, and STING. Human TOLLIP deficiency, regulated by single-nucleotide polymorphism rs5743854, is associated with increased tuberculosis risk and diminished frequency of bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells in infants. How TOLLIP influences adaptive immune responses remains poorly understood. To understand the mechanistic relationship between TOLLIP and adaptive immune responses, we used human genetic and murine models to evaluate the role of TOLLIP in dendritic cell (DC) function. In healthy volunteers, TOLLIP single-nucleotide polymorphism rs5743854 G allele was associated with decreased TOLLIP mRNA and protein expression in DCs, along with LPS-induced IL-12 secretion in peripheral blood DCs. As in human cells, LPS-stimulated Tollip -/- bone marrow-derived murine DCs secreted less IL-12 and expressed less CD40. Tollip was required in lung and lymph node-resident DCs for optimal induction of MHC class II and CD40 expression during the first 28 d of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mixed bone marrow chimeric mice. Tollip -/- mice developed fewer M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells after 28 d of infection and diminished responses to bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Furthermore, Tollip -/- DCs were unable to optimally induce T cell proliferation. Taken together, these data support a model where TOLLIP-deficient DCs undergo suboptimal maturation after M. tuberculosis infection, impairing T cell activation and contributing to tuberculosis susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander J Warr
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, TX; and
| | - Andrew D Graustein
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Javeed A Shah
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA;
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA
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6
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Saha A, Escudero J, Layouni T, Richardson B, Hou S, Mugo N, Mujugira A, Celum C, Baeten JM, Lingappa J, John-Stewart GC, LaCourse SM, Shah JA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cell responses are impaired during late pregnancy with elevated biomarkers of tuberculosis risk postpartum. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1663-1674. [PMID: 34929030 PMCID: PMC9071276 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a risk factor for progression from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to symptomatic tuberculosis (TB). However, how pregnancy influences T cell responses to M. tuberculosis (Mtb) is unknown. METHODS We measured Mtb-specific cytokines, T-cell memory markers, and overall CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation by flow cytometry from 49 women (18 with and 31 without HIV) who became pregnant while enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. We analyzed these data using COMPASS, an established statistical method for evaluating overall antigen-specific T cell responses. RESULTS Pregnant women with latent TB infection demonstrated significantly diminished Mtb-specific CD4+ cytokine responses in the third trimester (COMPASS score (PFS) 0.07) compared before (PFS 0.15), during (PFS 0.13 and 0.16), and after pregnancy (PFS 0.14; p = 0.0084, Kruskal-Wallis test). Paradoxically, Mtb-specific CD8+ cytokines and nonspecifically activated T-cells increased during late pregnancy. Nonspecific T-cell activation, a validated biomarker for progression from LTBI to TB disease, was increased in LTBI+ women postpartum, compared with LTBI- women. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy-related functional T-cell changes were most pronounced during late pregnancy. Mtb-specific T-cell changes during pregnancy and postpartum, increases in immune activation may contribute to increased risk for TB progression in the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jaclyn Escudero
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Barbra Richardson
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Sharon Hou
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Nelly Mugo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andrew Mujugira
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Connie Celum
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jared M Baeten
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Gilead Sciences, Foster City, USA
| | - Jairam Lingappa
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Grace C John-Stewart
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Sylvia M LaCourse
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Javeed A Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.,VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
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7
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Roces CB, Hussain MT, Schmidt ST, Christensen D, Perrie Y. Investigating Prime-Pull Vaccination through a Combination of Parenteral Vaccination and Intranasal Boosting. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 8:vaccines8010010. [PMID: 31906072 PMCID: PMC7157738 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Formulation of inhalable delivery systems containing tuberculosis (TB) antigens to target the site of infection (lungs) have been considered for the development of subunit vaccines. Inert delivery systems such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are an interesting approach due to its approval for human use. However, PLGA suffers hydrolytic degradation when stored in a liquid environment for prolonged time. Therefore, in this study, nano- and microparticles composed of different PLGA copolymers (50:50, 75:25 and 85:15), sucrose (10% w/v) and L-leucine (1% w/v) encapsulating H56 TB vaccine candidate were produced as dried powders. In vitro studies in three macrophage cell lines (MH-S, RAW264.7 and THP-1) showed the ability of these cells to take up the formulated PLGA:H56 particles and process the antigen. An in vivo prime-pull immunisation approach consisting of priming with CAF01:H56 (2 × subcutaneous (s.c.) injection) followed by a mucosal boost with PLGA:H56 (intranasal (i.n.) administration) demonstrated the retention of the immunogenicity of the antigen encapsulated within the lyophilised PLGA delivery system, although no enhancing effect could be observed compared to the administration of antigen alone as a boost. The work here could provide the foundations for the scale independent manufacture of polymer delivery systems encapsulating antigens for inhalation/aerolisation to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. Roces
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Maryam T. Hussain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Signe T. Schmidt
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.T.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.T.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (C.B.R.); (M.T.H.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Jarvela J, Moyer M, Leahy P, Bonfield T, Fletcher D, Mkono WN, Aung H, Canaday DH, Dazard JE, Silver RF. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced Bronchoalveolar Lavage Gene Expression Signature in Latent Tuberculosis Infection Is Dominated by Pleiotropic Effects of CD4 + T Cell-Dependent IFN-γ Production despite the Presence of Polyfunctional T Cells within the Airways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2194-2209. [PMID: 31541022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide public health threat. Development of a more effective vaccination strategy to prevent pulmonary TB, the most common and contagious form of the disease, is a research priority for international TB control. A key to reaching this goal is improved understanding of the mechanisms of local immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative organism of TB. In this study, we evaluated global M. tuberculosis-induced gene expression in airway immune cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and M. tuberculosis-naive controls. In prior studies, we demonstrated that BAL cells from LTBI individuals display substantial enrichment for M. tuberculosis-responsive CD4+ T cells compared with matched peripheral blood samples. We therefore specifically assessed the impact of the depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on M. tuberculosis-induced BAL cell gene expression in LTBI. Our studies identified 12 canonical pathways and a 47-gene signature that was both sensitive and specific for the contribution of CD4+ T cells to local recall responses to M. tuberculosis In contrast, depletion of CD8+ cells did not identify any genes that fit our strict criteria for inclusion in this signature. Although BAL CD4+ T cells in LTBI displayed polyfunctionality, the observed gene signature predominantly reflected the impact of IFN-γ production on a wide range of host immune responses. These findings provide a standard for comparison of the efficacy of standard bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination as well as novel TB vaccines now in development at impacting the initial response to re-exposure to M. tuberculosis in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jarvela
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michelle Moyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Case Western Reserve University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Tracey Bonfield
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - David Fletcher
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wambura N Mkono
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Htin Aung
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Jean-Eudes Dazard
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Richard F Silver
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106; .,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
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9
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Varga SM, Sant AJ. Editorial: Orchestration of an Immune Response to Respiratory Pathogens. Front Immunol 2019; 10:690. [PMID: 31024541 PMCID: PMC6465544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Varga
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Andrea J Sant
- Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Rochester, NY, United States
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10
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Thakur A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Saatchi K, Rose F, Esposito T, Nosrati Z, Andersen P, Christensen D, Häfeli UO, Foged C. Dual-Isotope SPECT/CT Imaging of the Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine H56/CAF01: Induction of Strong Systemic and Mucosal IgA and T-Cell Responses in Mice Upon Subcutaneous Prime and Intrapulmonary Boost Immunization. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2825. [PMID: 30555488 PMCID: PMC6284049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a global pandemic, despite the widespread use of the parenteral live attenuated Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine during the past decades. Mucosal administration of next generation TB vaccines has great potential, but developing a safe and efficacious mucosal vaccine is challenging. Hence, understanding the in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of mucosal vaccines is essential for shaping the desired immune response and for optimal spatiotemporal targeting of the appropriate effector cells in the lungs. A subunit vaccine consisting of the fusion antigen H56 (Ag85B-ESAT-6-Rv2660) and the liposome-based cationic adjuvant formulation (CAF01) confers efficient protection in preclinical animal models. In this study, we devise a novel immunization strategy for the H56/CAF01 vaccine, which comply with the intrapulmonary (i.pulmon.) route of immunization. We also describe a novel dual-isotope (111In/67Ga) radiolabeling approach, which enables simultaneous non-invasive and longitudinal SPECT/CT imaging and quantification of H56 and CAF01 upon parenteral prime and/or i.pulmon. boost immunization. Our results demonstrate that the vaccine is distributed evenly in the lungs, and there are pronounced differences in the pharmacokinetics of H56 and CAF01. We provide convincing evidence that the H56/CAF01 vaccine is not only well-tolerated when administered to the respiratory tract, but it also induces strong lung mucosal and systemic IgA and polyfunctional Th1 and Th17 responses after parenteral prime and i.pulmon. boost immunization. The study furthermore evaluate the application of SPECT/CT imaging for the investigation of vaccine biodistribution after parenteral and i.pulmon. immunization of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabrice Rose
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tullio Esposito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zeynab Nosrati
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Li J, Zhao J, Shen J, Wu C, Liu J. Intranasal immunization with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3615c induces sustained adaptive CD4 + T-cell and antibody responses in the respiratory tract. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:596-609. [PMID: 30353641 PMCID: PMC6307849 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained adaptive immunity to pathogens provides effective protection against infections, and effector cells located at the site of infection ensure rapid response to the challenge. Both are essential for the success of vaccine development. To explore new vaccination approach against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection, we have shown that Rv3615c, identified as ESX-1 substrate protein C of M.tb but not expressed in BCG, induced a dominant Th1-type response of CD4+ T cells from patients with tuberculosis pleurisy, which suggests a potential candidate for vaccine development. But subcutaneous immunization with Rv3615c induced modest T-cell responses systemically, and showed suboptimal protection against virulent M.tb challenge at the site of infection. Here, we use a mouse model to demonstrate that intranasal immunization with Rv3615c induces sustained capability of adaptive CD4+ T- and B-cell responses in lung parenchyma and airway. Rv3615c contains a dominant epitope of mouse CD4+ T cells, Rv3615c41-50 , and elicits CD4+ T-cell response with an effector-memory phenotype and multi-Th1-type cytokine coexpressions. Since T cells resident at mucosal tissue are potent at control of infection at early stage, our data show that intranasal immunization with Rv3615c promotes a sustained regional immunity to M.tb, and suggests a potency in control of M.tb infection. Our study warranties a further investigation of Rv3615c as a candidate for development of effective vaccination against M.tb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Vaccine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Vaccine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Penn-Nicholson A, Tameris M, Smit E, Day TA, Musvosvi M, Jayashankar L, Vergara J, Mabwe S, Bilek N, Geldenhuys H, Luabeya AKK, Ellis R, Ginsberg AM, Hanekom WA, Reed SG, Coler RN, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M. Safety and immunogenicity of the novel tuberculosis vaccine ID93 + GLA-SE in BCG-vaccinated healthy adults in South Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2018; 6:287-298. [PMID: 29595510 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vaccine that prevents pulmonary tuberculosis in adults is needed to halt transmission in endemic regions. This trial aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of three administrations at varying doses of antigen and adjuvant of an investigational vaccine (ID93 + GLA-SE) compared with placebo in previously BCG-vaccinated healthy adults in a tuberculosis endemic country. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial, we enrolled HIV-negative, previously BCG-vaccinated adults (aged 18-50 years), with no evidence of previous or current tuberculosis disease, from among community volunteers in the Worcester region of Western Cape, South Africa. Participants were randomly assigned to receive varying doses of ID93 + GLA-SE or saline placebo at day 0, day 28, and day 112. Enrolment into each cohort was sequential. Cohort 1 participants were Mycobacterium tuberculosis uninfected (as defined by negative QuantiFERON [QFT] status), and received 10 μg ID93 plus 2 μg GLA-SE, or placebo; in cohorts 2-4, QFT-negative or positive participants received escalating doses of vaccine or placebo. Cohort 2 received 2 μg ID93 plus 2 μg GLA-SE; cohort 3 received 10 μg ID93 plus 2 μg GLA-SE; and cohort 4 received 10 μg ID93 plus 5 μg GLA-SE. Dose cohort allocation was sequential; randomisation within a cohort was according to a randomly-generated sequence (3 to 1 in cohort 1, 5 to 1 in cohorts 2-4). The primary endpoint was safety of ID93 + GLA-SE as defined by solicited and unsolicited adverse events up to 28 days after each study injection and serious adverse events for the duration of the study. Specific immune responses were measured by intracellular cytokine staining, flow cytometry, and ELISA. All analyses were done according to intention to treat, with additional per-protocol analyses for immunogenicity outcomes. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01927159. FINDINGS Between Aug 30, 2013, and Sept 4, 2014, 227 individuals consented to participate; 213 were screened (three participants were not included as study number was already met and 11 withdrew consent before screening occurred, mostly due to relocation or demands of employment). 66 healthy, HIV-negative adults were randomly allocated to receive the vaccine (n=54) or placebo (n=12). All study participants received day 0 and day 28 study injections; five participants did not receive an injection on day 112. ID93 + GLA-SE was well tolerated; no severe or serious vaccine-related adverse events were recorded. Vaccine dose did not affect frequency or severity of adverse events, but mild injection site adverse events and flu-like symptoms were common in M tuberculosis-infected participants compared with uninfected participants. Vaccination induced durable antigen-specific IgG and Th1 cellular responses, which peaked after two administrations. Vaccine dose did not affect magnitude, kinetics, or profile of antibody and cellular responses. Earlier boosting and greater T-cell differentiation and effector-like profiles were seen in M tuberculosis-infected than in uninfected vaccinees. INTERPRETATION Escalating doses of ID93 + GLA-SE induced similar antigen-specific CD4-positive T cell and humoral responses, with an acceptable safety profile in BCG-immunised, M tuberculosis-infected individuals. The T-cell differentiation profiles in M tuberculosis-infected vaccinees suggest priming through natural infection. While cohort sample sizes in this phase 1 trial were small and results should be interpreted in context, these data support efficacy testing of two administrations of the lowest (2 μg) ID93 vaccine dose in tuberculosis endemic populations. FUNDING Aeras and the Paul G Allen Family Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele Tameris
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erica Smit
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracey A Day
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Julie Vergara
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simbarashe Mabwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hendrik Geldenhuys
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Angelique Kany-Kany Luabeya
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Willem A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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13
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Geretti AM, Brook G, Cameron C, Chadwick D, French N, Heyderman R, Ho A, Hunter M, Ladhani S, Lawton M, MacMahon E, McSorley J, Pozniak A, Rodger A. British HIV Association Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines in HIV-Positive Adults 2015. HIV Med 2018; 17 Suppl 3:s2-s81. [PMID: 27568789 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Geretti
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Lawton
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eithne MacMahon
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anton Pozniak
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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14
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Chen S, Sandford S, Kirman J, Rehm BHA. Design of Bacterial Inclusion Bodies as Antigen Carrier Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiong Chen
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences; Massey University Manawatu; Palmerston North 4474 New Zealand
| | - Sarah Sandford
- Microbiology and Immunology Department; Otago University; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Joanna Kirman
- Microbiology and Immunology Department; Otago University; Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University Nathan Campus; Brisbane 4111 Australia
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15
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Neto LMM, Zufelato N, de Sousa-Júnior AA, Trentini MM, da Costa AC, Bakuzis AF, Kipnis A, Junqueira-Kipnis AP. Specific T cell induction using iron oxide based nanoparticles as subunit vaccine adjuvant. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2786-2801. [PMID: 29913109 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1489192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) stimulate innate immunity; however, they have never been demonstrated to be capable of aiding the generation of specific cellular immune responses. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate whether iron oxide-based NPs have adjuvant properties in generating cellular Th1, Th17 and TCD8 (Tc1) immune responses. For this purpose, a fusion protein (CMX) composed of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens was used as a subunit vaccine. Citrate-coated MnFe2O4 NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. The vaccine was formulated by homogenizing NPs with the recombinant protein, and protein corona formation was determined by dynamic light scattering and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The vaccine was evaluated for the best immunization route and strategy using subcutaneous and intranasal routes with 21-day intervals between immunizations. When administered subcutaneously, the vaccine generated specific CD4+IFN-γ+ (Th1) and CD8+IFN-γ+ responses. Intranasal vaccination induced specific Th1, Th17 (CD4+IL-17+) and Tc1 responses, mainly in the lungs. Finally, a mixed vaccination strategy (2 subcutaneous injections followed by one intranasal vaccination) induced a Th1 (in the spleen and lungs) and splenic Tc1 response but was not capable of inducing a Th17 response in the lungs. This study shows for the first time a subunit vaccine with iron oxide based NPs as an adjuvant that generated cellular immune responses (Th1, Th17 and TCD8), thereby exhibiting good adjuvant qualities. Additionally, the immune response generated by the subcutaneous administration of the vaccine diminished the bacterial load of Mtb challenged animals, showing the potential for further improvement as a vaccine against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Zufelato
- b Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás (IF-UFG) , Brasil
| | | | - Monalisa Martins Trentini
- a Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás (IPTSP-UFG) , Brasil
| | - Adeliane Castro da Costa
- a Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás (IPTSP-UFG) , Brasil
| | | | - André Kipnis
- a Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás (IPTSP-UFG) , Brasil
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16
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Lin LCW, Chattopadhyay S, Lin JC, Hu CMJ. Advances and Opportunities in Nanoparticle- and Nanomaterial-Based Vaccines against Bacterial Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701395. [PMID: 29508547 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the dawn of the postantibiotic era we approach, antibacterial vaccines are becoming increasingly important for managing bacterial infection and reducing the need for antibiotics. Despite the success of vaccination, vaccines remain unavailable for many pressing microbial diseases, including tuberculosis, chlamydia, and staphylococcus infections. Amid continuing research efforts in antibacterial vaccine development, the advancement of nanomaterial engineering has brought forth new opportunities in vaccine designs. With increasing knowledge in antibacterial immunity and immunologic adjuvants, innovative nanoparticles are designed to elicit the appropriate immune responses for effective antimicrobial defense. Rationally designed nanoparticles are demonstrated to overcome delivery barriers to shape the adaptive immunity. This article reviews the advances in nanoparticle- and nanomaterial-based antibacterial vaccines and summarizes the development of nanoparticulate adjuvants for immune potentiation against microbial pathogens. In addition, challenges and progress in ongoing antibacterial vaccine development are discussed to highlight the opportunities for future vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Chien-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road Nangang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Saborni Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road Nangang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road Nangang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Academia Sinica; 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road Nangang District Taipei 11529 Taiwan
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17
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Larsen SE, Baldwin SL, Orr MT, Reese VA, Pecor T, Granger B, Dubois Cauwelaert N, Podell BK, Coler RN. Enhanced Anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immunity over Time with Combined Drug and Immunotherapy Treatment. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6020030. [PMID: 29795025 PMCID: PMC6027321 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This astounding statistic, in combination with costly and lengthy treatment regimens make the development of therapeutic vaccines paramount for controlling the global burden of tuberculosis. Unlike prophylactic vaccination, therapeutic immunization relies on the natural pulmonary infection with Mtb as the mucosal prime that directs boost responses back to the lung. The purpose of this work was to determine the protection and safety profile over time following therapeutic administration of our lead Mtb vaccine candidate, ID93 with a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion (GLA-SE)), in combination with rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide (RHZ) drug treatment. We assessed the host inflammatory immune responses and lung pathology 7–22 weeks post infection, and determined the therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment by enumeration of the bacterial load and survival in the SWR/J mouse model. We show that drug treatment alone, or with immunotherapy, tempered the inflammatory responses measured in brochoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma compared to untreated cohorts. RHZ combined with therapeutic immunizations significantly enhanced TH1-type cytokine responses in the lung over time, corresponding to decreased pulmonary pathology evidenced by a significant decrease in the percentage of lung lesions and destructive lung inflammation. These data suggest that bacterial burden assessment alone may miss important correlates of lung architecture that directly contribute to therapeutic vaccine efficacy in the preclinical mouse model. We also confirmed our previous finding that in combination with antibiotics therapeutic immunizations provide an additive survival advantage. Moreover, therapeutic immunizations with ID93/GLA-SE induced differential T cell immune responses over the course of infection that correlated with periods of enhanced bacterial control over that of drug treatment alone. Here we advance the immunotherapy model and investigate reliable correlates of protection and Mtb control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Larsen
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Susan L Baldwin
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Mark T Orr
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Valerie A Reese
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Tiffany Pecor
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | - Brian Granger
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
| | | | - Brendan K Podell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Rhea N Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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18
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Immunological and physical evaluation of the multistage tuberculosis subunit vaccine candidate H56/CAF01 formulated as a spray-dried powder. Vaccine 2018; 36:3331-3339. [PMID: 29699790 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid vaccine dosage forms have limited stability and require refrigeration during their manufacture, distribution and storage. In contrast, solid vaccine dosage forms, produced by for example spray drying, offer improved storage stability and reduced dependence on cold-chain facilities. This is advantageous for mass immunization campaigns for global public health threats, e.g., tuberculosis (TB), and offers cheaper vaccine distribution. The multistage subunit vaccine antigen H56, which is a fusion protein of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens Ag85B, ESAT-6, and Rv2660, has been shown to confer protective efficacy against active TB before and after Mtb exposure in preclinical models, and it is currently undergoing clinical phase 2a testing. In several studies, including a recent study comparing multiple clinically relevant vaccine adjuvants, the T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17-inducing adjuvant CAF01 was the most efficacious adjuvant for H56 to stimulate protective immunity against Mtb. With the long-term goal of designing a thermostable and self-administrable dry powder vaccine based on H56 and CAF01 for inhalation, we compared H56 spray-dried with CAF01 with the non-spray-dried H56/CAF01 vaccine with respect to their ability to induce systemic Th1, Th17 and humoral responses after subcutaneous immunization. Here we show that spray drying of the H56/CAF01 vaccine results in preserved antigenic epitope recognition and adjuvant activity of CAF01, and the spray-dried, reconstituted vaccine induces antigen-specific Th1, Th17 and humoral immune responses, which are comparable to those stimulated by the non-spray-dried H56/CAF01 vaccine. In addition, the spray-dried and reconstituted H56/CAF01 vaccine promotes similar polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses as the non-spray-dried vaccine. Thus, our study provides proof-of-concept that spray drying of the subunit vaccine H56/CAF01 preserves vaccine-induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. These results support our ongoing efforts to develop a thermostable, dry powder-based TB vaccine.
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19
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Kauffman KD, Sallin MA, Sakai S, Kamenyeva O, Kabat J, Weiner D, Sutphin M, Schimel D, Via L, Barry CE, Wilder-Kofie T, Moore I, Moore R, Barber DL. Defective positioning in granulomas but not lung-homing limits CD4 T-cell interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages in rhesus macaques. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:462-473. [PMID: 28745326 PMCID: PMC5785573 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires CD4 T cells to migrate into the lung and interact with infected macrophages. In mice, less-differentiated CXCR3+ CD4 T cells migrate into the lung and suppress growth of Mtb, whereas CX3CR1+ terminally differentiated Th1 cells accumulate in the blood vasculature and do not control pulmonary infection. Here we examine CD4 T-cell differentiation and lung homing during primary Mtb infection of rhesus macaques. Mtb-specific CD4 T cells simultaneously appeared in the airways and blood ∼21-28 days post exposure, indicating that recently primed effectors are quickly recruited into the lungs after entering circulation. Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in granulomas display a tissue-parenchymal CXCR3+CX3CR1-PD-1hiCTLA-4+ phenotype. However, most granuloma CD4 T cells are found within the outer lymphocyte cuff and few localize to the myeloid cell core containing the bacilli. Using the intravascular stain approach, we find essentially all Mtb-specific CD4 T cells in granulomas have extravasated across the vascular endothelium into the parenchyma. Therefore, it is unlikely to be that lung-homing defects introduced by terminal differentiation limit the migration of CD4 T cells into granulomas following primary Mtb infection of macaques. However, intralesional positioning defects within the granuloma may pose a major barrier to T-cell-mediated immunity during tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Kauffman
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Michelle A. Sallin
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Danielle Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Michelle Sutphin
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Daniel Schimel
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Laura Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Clifton E. Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Temeri Wilder-Kofie
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Ian Moore
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Rashida Moore
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
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20
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Moguche AO, Musvosvi M, Penn-Nicholson A, Plumlee CR, Mearns H, Geldenhuys H, Smit E, Abrahams D, Rozot V, Dintwe O, Hoff ST, Kromann I, Ruhwald M, Bang P, Larson RP, Shafiani S, Ma S, Sherman DR, Sette A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, McKinney DM, Maecker H, Hanekom WA, Hatherill M, Andersen P, Scriba TJ, Urdahl KB. Antigen Availability Shapes T Cell Differentiation and Function during Tuberculosis. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 21:695-706.e5. [PMID: 28618268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are critical for protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the cause of tuberculosis (TB). Yet to date, TB vaccine candidates that boost antigen-specific CD4 T cells have conferred little or no protection. Here we examined CD4 T cell responses to two leading TB vaccine antigens, ESAT-6 and Ag85B, in Mtb-infected mice and in vaccinated humans with and without underlying Mtb infection. In both species, Mtb infection drove ESAT-6-specific T cells to be more differentiated than Ag85B-specific T cells. The ability of each T cell population to control Mtb in the lungs of mice was restricted for opposite reasons: Ag85B-specific T cells were limited by reduced antigen expression during persistent infection, whereas ESAT-6-specific T cells became functionally exhausted due to chronic antigenic stimulation. Our findings suggest that different vaccination strategies will be required to optimize protection mediated by T cells recognizing antigens expressed at distinct stages of Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albanus O Moguche
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Munyaradzi Musvosvi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | | | - Helen Mearns
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Hennie Geldenhuys
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Erica Smit
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Deborah Abrahams
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Virginie Rozot
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - One Dintwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Søren T Hoff
- Statens Serum Institut (SSI), 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peter Bang
- Statens Serum Institut (SSI), 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan P Larson
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shahin Shafiani
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shuyi Ma
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David R Sherman
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla 92037, USA
| | | | - Denise M McKinney
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla 92037, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Willem A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | | | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Kevin B Urdahl
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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21
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Manning TJ, Wilkerson K, Holder T, Bartley AC, Jackson C, Plummer S, Phillips D, Krajewski L, Wylie G. Pharmacokinetic studies of a three-component complex that repurposes the front line antibiotic isoniazid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:149-155. [PMID: 29050764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The frontline tuberculosis (Tb) antibiotic isoniazid has been repurposed using a three component complex aimed at increasing the delivery efficiency and adding new avenues to its mechanism of action. This study focuses on pharmacokinetic studies of the isoniazid-sucrose-copper (II)-PEG-3350 complex. The assays include the Plasma Protein Binding Assay (85.8%), Caco-2 Permeability Assay (B→APapp, 0.13 × 10-6 cm/s), Cytochrome P450 Inhibition Assay (i.e. CYP2B6, IC50 = 7.26 μM), In vitro microsomal Stability Assay (t1/2 NADPH-Dependent > 240 min), and HepG2 Cytotoxicity (no toxicity). The National Cancer Institute's 60 cell line panel is used to measure activity against cancer cells. The percent growth values averaged over all 60 cell lines indicates the complex has no anti-cancer activity, which also suggests a lack of general toxicity. It also provides data for the complexes specificity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Manning
- Chemistry Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA.
| | - Kyle Wilkerson
- Chemistry Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
| | - Taylor Holder
- Chemistry Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Jackson
- Chemistry Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
| | - Sydney Plummer
- Chemistry Department, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA
| | - Dennis Phillips
- PAMS Facility, Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Logan Krajewski
- Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) Facility, National High Field Magnet Lab, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Greg Wylie
- NMR Lab, Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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22
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Sia JK, Bizzell E, Madan-Lala R, Rengarajan J. Engaging the CD40-CD40L pathway augments T-helper cell responses and improves control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006530. [PMID: 28767735 PMCID: PMC5540402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) impairs dendritic cell (DC) functions and induces suboptimal antigen-specific CD4 T cell immune responses that are poorly protective. Mucosal T-helper cells producing IFN-γ (Th1) and IL-17 (Th17) are important for protecting against tuberculosis (TB), but the mechanisms by which DCs generate antigen-specific T-helper responses during Mtb infection are not well defined. We previously reported that Mtb impairs CD40 expression on DCs and restricts Th1 and Th17 responses. We now demonstrate that CD40-dependent costimulation is required to generate IL-17 responses to Mtb. CD40-deficient DCs were unable to induce antigen-specific IL-17 responses after Mtb infection despite the production of Th17-polarizing innate cytokines. Disrupting the interaction between CD40 on DCs and its ligand CD40L on antigen-specific CD4 T cells, genetically or via antibody blockade, significantly reduced antigen-specific IL-17 responses. Importantly, engaging CD40 on DCs with a multimeric CD40 agonist (CD40LT) enhanced antigen-specific IL-17 generation in ex vivo DC-T cell co-culture assays. Further, intratracheal instillation of Mtb-infected DCs treated with CD40LT significantly augmented antigen-specific Th17 responses in vivo in the lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes of mice. Finally, we show that boosting CD40-CD40L interactions promoted balanced Th1/Th17 responses in a setting of mucosal DC transfer, and conferred enhanced control of lung bacterial burdens following aerosol challenge with Mtb. Our results demonstrate that CD40 costimulation by DCs plays an important role in generating antigen-specific Th17 cells and targeting the CD40-CD40L pathway represents a novel strategy to improve adaptive immunity to TB. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious global health problem and understanding how to induce protective immunity to M. tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major challenge. While antigen-specific CD4 T cells and IFN-γ are important for controlling Mtb infection, they are not sufficient for protecting against TB. We need insights into host pathways that can be targeted to overcome suboptimal antigen-specific immunity induced by Mtb. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells that orchestrate the adaptive immune response to infection, but Mtb subverts DC-T cell interactions. Therefore, improving the crosstalk between DCs and T cells during Mtb infection has the potential to enhance anti-mycobacterial immunity. Here we identify interaction between CD40 on DCs and CD40L on T cells as a critical mechanism for generating lung Th17 cells. By engaging CD40 on DCs using a multimeric reagent, we significantly augmented early Mtb-specific Th17 responses in lungs. Intratracheal DC instillation in conjunction with CD40 engagement provided a balanced Th1/Th17 response and improved control of bacterial burden after aerosol challenge with Mtb. Our studies show that the CD40-CD40L pathway is important for the generation of Mtb-specific Th17 responses and targeting CD40-CD40L interactions is a promising avenue for improving adaptive immunity to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kevin Sia
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Erica Bizzell
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ranjna Madan-Lala
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Mancha-Agresti P, de Castro CP, Dos Santos JSC, Araujo MA, Pereira VB, LeBlanc JG, Leclercq SY, Azevedo V. Recombinant Invasive Lactococcus lactis Carrying a DNA Vaccine Coding the Ag85A Antigen Increases INF-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α Cytokines after Intranasal Immunization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1263. [PMID: 28744263 PMCID: PMC5504179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major threat throughout the world and in 2015 it caused the death of 1.4 million people. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin is the only existing vaccine against this ancient disease; however, it does not provide complete protection in adults. New vaccines against TB are eminently a global priority. The use of bacteria as vehicles for delivery of vaccine plasmids is a promising vaccination strategy. In this study, we evaluated the use of, an engineered invasive Lactococcus lactis (expressing Fibronectin-Binding Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus) for the delivery of DNA plasmid to host cells, especially to the mucosal site as a new DNA vaccine against tuberculosis. One of the major antigens documented that offers protective responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the Ag85A. L. lactis FnBPA+ (pValac:Ag85A) which was obtained and used for intranasal immunization of C57BL/6 mice and the immune response profile was evaluated. In this study we observed that this strain was able to produce significant increases in the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the stimulated spleen cell supernatants, showing a systemic T helper 1 (Th1) cell response. Antibody production (IgG and sIgA anti-Ag85A) was also significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage, as well as in the serum of mice. In summary, these findings open new perspectives in the area of mucosal DNA vaccine, against specific pathogens using a Lactic Acid Bacteria such as L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Prosperi de Castro
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Janete S C Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel DiasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maíra A Araujo
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel DiasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa B Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jean G LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasSan Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sophie Y Leclercq
- Laboratório de Inovação Biotecnológica, Fundação Ezequiel DiasBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics, Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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24
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Role of Interferons in the Development of Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Therapy for Tuberculosis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:5212910. [PMID: 28713838 PMCID: PMC5496129 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5212910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). About one-third of the world's population is latently infected with TB and 5–15% of them will develop active TB in their lifetime. It is estimated that each case of active TB may cause 10–20 new infections. Host immune response to Mtb is influenced by interferon- (IFN-) signaling pathways, particularly by type I and type II interferons (IFNs). The latter that consists of IFN-γ has been associated with the promotion of Th1 immune response which is associated with protection against TB. Although this aspect remains controversial at present due to the lack of established correlates of protection, currently, there are different prophylactic, diagnostic, and immunotherapeutic approaches in which IFNs play an important role. This review summarizes the main aspects related with the biology of IFNs, mainly associated with TB, as well as presents the main applications of these cytokines related to prophylaxis, diagnosis, and immunotherapy of TB.
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25
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Tkachuk AP, Gushchin VA, Potapov VD, Demidenko AV, Lunin VG, Gintsburg AL. Multi-subunit BCG booster vaccine GamTBvac: Assessment of immunogenicity and protective efficacy in murine and guinea pig TB models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176784. [PMID: 28453555 PMCID: PMC5409163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New innovative vaccines are highly needed to combat the global threat posed by tuberculosis. Efficient components-antigens and adjuvants-are crucial for development of modern recombinant TB vaccines. This study describes a new vaccine (GamTBvac) consisting of two mycobacterial antigen fusions (Ag85A and ESAT6-CFP10)-with dextran-binding domain immobilized on dextran and mixed with an adjuvant consisting of DEAE-dextran core, and with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (TLR9 agonists). GamTBvac and its components were assessed for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in GamTBvac-prime/boost and BCG-prime/ GamTBvac-boost in murine and guinea pig TB models. Results show that in both infectious models, GamTBvac has a strong immunogenicity and significant protective effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv under aerosol and intravenous challenges. GamTBvac showed a particularly strong protective effect as a BCG booster vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Administration, Intravenous
- Aerosols
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- Immunization
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Lung/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tuberculosis/immunology
- Tuberculosis/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Tkachuk
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. A. Gushchin
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. D. Potapov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russia
| | - A. V. Demidenko
- Laboratory of bioactive nanostructures, N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. G. Lunin
- Laboratory of bioactive nanostructures, N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. L. Gintsburg
- N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Subunit vaccine H56/CAF01 induces a population of circulating CD4 T cells that traffic into the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lung. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:555-564. [PMID: 27554293 PMCID: PMC5325828 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of CD4 T cells to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is governed by their ability to localize to the lung site of infection. Subunit vaccine H56/CAF01, a liposome-adjuvanted fusion protein of Mtb antigens Ag85B, ESAT-6, and Rv2660, conferred durable protection and elicited polyfunctional CD4 T cells that preferentially localized to the lung parenchyma. These lung-resident T cells had reduced KLRG1 and increased CXCR3 expression, an intermediate state of Th1 differentiation that has been associated with Mtb protection. Importantly, KLGR1- CXCR3+ cells were also enriched in the lung vasculature and peripheral circulation of vaccinated animals, but not controls. Moreover, S1P1R blockade rapidly cleared this population from the blood and adoptive transfer of T cells recovered from the vasculature of vaccinated, but not control, mice efficiently trafficked into the Mtb-infected lung parenchyma. Thus, durable immunity elicited by H56/CAF01 vaccination is associated with the maintenance of circulating CD4 T cells that selectively home to the lung parenchyma.
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27
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Immunogenic Properties of Lactobacillus plantarum Producing Surface-Displayed Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 83:AEM.02782-16. [PMID: 27815271 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02782-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains among the most deadly diseases in the world. The only available vaccine against tuberculosis is the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which does not ensure full protection in adults. There is a global urgency for the development of an effective vaccine for preventing disease transmission, and it requires novel approaches. We are exploring the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a vector for antigen delivery to mucosal sites. Here, we demonstrate the successful expression and surface display of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion antigen (comprising Ag85B and ESAT-6, referred to as AgE6) on Lactobacillus plantarum The AgE6 fusion antigen was targeted to the bacterial surface using two different anchors, a lipoprotein anchor directing the protein to the cell membrane and a covalent cell wall anchor. AgE6-producing L. plantarum strains using each of the two anchors induced antigen-specific proliferative responses in lymphocytes purified from TB-positive donors. Similarly, both strains induced immune responses in mice after nasal or oral immunization. The impact of the anchoring strategies was reflected in dissimilarities in the immune responses generated by the two L. plantarum strains in vivo The present study comprises an initial step toward the development of L. plantarum as a vector for M. tuberculosis antigen delivery. IMPORTANCE This work presents the development of Lactobacillus plantarum as a candidate mucosal vaccine against tuberculosis. Tuberculosis remains one of the top infectious diseases worldwide, and the only available vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), fails to protect adults and adolescents. Direct antigen delivery to mucosal sites is a promising strategy in tuberculosis vaccine development, and lactic acid bacteria potentially provide easy, safe, and low-cost delivery vehicles for mucosal immunization. We have engineered L. plantarum strains to produce a Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion antigen and to anchor this antigen to the bacterial cell wall or to the cell membrane. The recombinant strains elicited proliferative antigen-specific T-cell responses in white blood cells from tuberculosis-positive humans and induced specific immune responses after nasal and oral administrations in mice.
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Jacobs AJ, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, McShane H, Wilkinson RJ. Antibodies and tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101:102-113. [PMID: 27865379 PMCID: PMC5120988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem internationally, causing 9.6 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths worldwide in 2014. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine is the only licensed vaccine against TB, but its protective effect does not extend to controlling the development of infectious pulmonary disease in adults. The development of a more effective vaccine against TB is therefore a pressing need for global health. Although it is established that cell-mediated immunity is necessary for the control of latent infection, the presupposition that such immunity is sufficient for vaccine-induced protection has recently been challenged. A greater understanding of protective immunity against TB is required to guide future vaccine strategies against TB. In contrast to cell-mediated immunity, the human antibody response against M.tb is conventionally thought to exert little immune control over the course of infection. Humoral responses are prominent during active TB disease, and have even been postulated to contribute to immunopathology. However, there is evidence to suggest that specific antibodies may limit the dissemination of M.tb, and potentially also play a role in prevention of infection via mucosal immunity. Further, antibodies are now understood to confer protection against a range of intracellular pathogens by modulating immunity via Fc-receptor mediated phagocytosis. In this review, we will explore the evidence that antibody-mediated immunity could be reconsidered in the search for new vaccine strategies against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative and Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | | | - Gavin R Screaton
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative and Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 2AT, United Kingdom
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Agger EM. Novel adjuvant formulations for delivery of anti-tuberculosis vaccine candidates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 102:73-82. [PMID: 26596558 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a new and improved vaccine against tuberculosis for controlling this disease that continues to pose a global health threat. The current research strategy is to replace the present BCG vaccine or boost BCG-immunity with subunit vaccines such as viral vectored- or protein-based vaccines. The use of recombinant proteins holds a number of production advantages including ease of scalability, but requires an adjuvant inducing cell-mediated immune responses. A number of promising novel adjuvant formulations have recently been designed and show evidence of induction of cellular immune responses in humans. A common trait of effective TB adjuvants including those already in current clinical testing is a two-component approach combining a delivery system with an appropriate immunomodulator. This review summarizes the status of current TB adjuvant research with a focus on the division of labor between delivery systems and immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Marie Agger
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
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Sakai S, Kauffman KD, Sallin MA, Sharpe AH, Young HA, Ganusov VV, Barber DL. CD4 T Cell-Derived IFN-γ Plays a Minimal Role in Control of Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Must Be Actively Repressed by PD-1 to Prevent Lethal Disease. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005667. [PMID: 27244558 PMCID: PMC4887085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ–producing CD4 T cells are required for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, but the extent to which IFN-γ contributes to overall CD4 T cell-mediated protection remains unclear. Furthermore, it is not known if increasing IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells is desirable in Mtb infection. Here we show that IFN-γ accounts for only ~30% of CD4 T cell-dependent cumulative bacterial control in the lungs over the first six weeks of infection, but >80% of control in the spleen. Moreover, increasing the IFN-γ–producing capacity of CD4 T cells by ~2 fold exacerbates lung infection and leads to the early death of the host, despite enhancing control in the spleen. In addition, we show that the inhibitory receptor PD-1 facilitates host resistance to Mtb by preventing the detrimental over-production of IFN-γ by CD4 T cells. Specifically, PD-1 suppressed the parenchymal accumulation of and pathogenic IFN-γ production by the CXCR3+KLRG1-CX3CR1- subset of lung-homing CD4 T cells that otherwise mediates control of Mtb infection. Therefore, the primary role for T cell-derived IFN-γ in Mtb infection is at extra-pulmonary sites, and the host-protective subset of CD4 T cells requires negative regulation of IFN-γ production by PD-1 to prevent lethal immune-mediated pathology. The development of novel tuberculosis vaccines has been hindered by the poor understanding of the mechanisms of host-protection. It has been long-held that IFN-γ is the principle effector of CD4 T cell-mediated resistance to Mtb infection, but Mtb-specific CD4 T cells produce low amounts of IFN-γ in vivo, leading to the possibility that increasing IFN-γ production by Th1 cells might enhance control of Mtb infection. However, the precise contribution of IFN-γ to CD4 T cell-dependent protection and the outcome of increasing IFN-γ production by CD4 T cells have not been evaluated. Here we show that IFN-γ accounts for only ~30% of the cumulative CD4 T cell-mediated reduction in lung bacterial loads over the first 1.5 months of infection. Moreover, we find that increasing the per capita production of IFN-γ by CD4 T cells leads to the early death of the host. Lastly, we show that suppression of CD4 T cell-derived IFN-γ by the inhibitory receptor PD-1 is essential to prevent lethal disease. Therefore, poor control Mtb infection does not result from defective production of IFN-γ, and strategies to selectively boost it are unwarranted. Furthermore, identifying the primary mechanisms of CD4 T cell-dependent control of Mtb infection should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sakai
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Sallin
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Arlene H. Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, and Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vitaly V. Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T lymphocyte Biology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ciabattini A, Prota G, Christensen D, Andersen P, Pozzi G, Medaglini D. Characterization of the Antigen-Specific CD4(+) T Cell Response Induced by Prime-Boost Strategies with CAF01 and CpG Adjuvants Administered by the Intranasal and Subcutaneous Routes. Front Immunol 2015; 6:430. [PMID: 26379666 PMCID: PMC4551867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of heterologous prime-boost vaccine combinations that optimally shape the immune response is of critical importance for the development of next generation vaccines. Here, we tested different prime-boost combinations using the tuberculosis vaccine antigen H56 with CAF01 or CpG ODN 1826 adjuvants, administered by the parenteral and nasal routes. Using peptide-MHC class II tetramers, antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells were tracked following primary and booster immunizations. Both parenteral priming with H56 plus CAF01 and nasal priming with H56 plus CpG elicited significant expansion of CD4(+) tetramer-positive T cells in the spleen; however, only parenterally primed cells responded to booster immunization. Subcutaneous (SC) priming with H56 and CAF01 followed by nasal boosting with H56 and CpG showed the greater expansion of CD4(+) tetramer-positive T cells in the spleen and lungs compared to all the other homologous and heterologous prime-boost combinations. Nasal boosting exerted a recruitment of primed CD4(+) T cells into lungs that was stronger in subcutaneously than nasally primed mice, in accordance with different chemokine receptor expression induced by primary immunization. These data demonstrate that SC priming is fundamental for eliciting CD4(+) T cells that can be efficiently boosted by the nasal route and results in the recruitment of antigen-experienced cells into the lungs. Combination of different vaccine formulations and routes of delivery for priming and boosting is a strategic approach for improving and directing vaccine-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Gennaro Prota
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department for Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department for Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gianni Pozzi
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia (LA.M.M.B.), Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena , Siena , Italy
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