1
|
Deng Y, Tang M, Ross TM, Schmidt AG, Chakraborty AK, Lingwood D. Repeated vaccination with homologous influenza hemagglutinin broadens human antibody responses to unmatched flu viruses. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.27.24303943. [PMID: 38585939 PMCID: PMC10996724 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.24303943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The on-going diversification of influenza virus necessicates annual vaccine updating. The vaccine antigen, the viral spike protein hemagglutinin (HA), tends to elicit strain-specific neutralizing activity, predicting that sequential immunization with the same HA strain will boost antibodies with narrow coverage. However, repeated vaccination with homologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccine eventually elicits neutralizing activity against highly unmatched variants, questioning this immunological premise. We evaluated a longitudinal influenza vaccine cohort, where each year the subjects received the same, novel H1N1 2009 pandemic vaccine strain. Repeated vaccination gradually enhanced receptor-blocking antibodies (HAI) to highly unmatched H1N1 strains within individuals with no initial memory recall against these historical viruses. An in silico model of affinity maturation in germinal centers integrated with a model of differentiation and expansion of memory cells provides insight into the mechanisms underlying these results and shows how repeated exposure to the same immunogen can broaden the antibody response against diversified targets.
Collapse
|
2
|
Rijnink WF, Stadlbauer D, Puente-Massaguer E, Okba NMA, Kirkpatrick Roubidoux E, Strohmeier S, Mudd PA, Schmitz A, Ellebedy A, McMahon M, Krammer F. Characterization of non-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies that target the M1 and NP of influenza A viruses. J Virol 2023; 97:e0164622. [PMID: 37916834 PMCID: PMC10688359 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01646-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Currently, many groups are focusing on isolating both neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies to the mutation-prone hemagglutinin as a tool to treat or prevent influenza virus infection. Less is known about the level of protection induced by non-neutralizing antibodies that target conserved internal influenza virus proteins. Such non-neutralizing antibodies could provide an alternative pathway to induce broad cross-reactive protection against multiple influenza virus serotypes and subtypes by partially overcoming influenza virus escape mediated by antigenic drift and shift. Accordingly, more information about the level of protection and potential mechanism(s) of action of non-neutralizing antibodies targeting internal influenza virus proteins could be useful for the design of broadly protective and universal influenza virus vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eduard Puente-Massaguer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nisreen M. A. Okba
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip A. Mudd
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron Schmitz
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ali Ellebedy
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Li Q, Luo L, Duan C, Shen J, Wang Z. Application of germline antibody features to vaccine development, antibody discovery, antibody optimization and disease diagnosis. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108143. [PMID: 37023966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the efficacy and commercial success of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies have been tremendous, designing and discovering new drug candidates remains a labor-, time- and cost-intensive endeavor with high risks. The main challenges of vaccine development are inducing a strong immune response in broad populations and providing effective prevention against a group of highly variable pathogens. Meanwhile, antibody discovery faces several great obstacles, especially the blindness in antibody screening and the unpredictability of the developability and druggability of antibody drugs. These challenges are largely due to poorly understanding of germline antibodies and the antibody responses to pathogen invasions. Thanks to the recent developments in high-throughput sequencing and structural biology, we have gained insight into the germline immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and germline antibodies and then the germline antibody features associated with antigens and disease manifestation. In this review, we firstly outline the broad associations between germline antibodies and antigens. Moreover, we comprehensively review the recent applications of antigen-specific germline antibody features, physicochemical properties-associated germline antibody features, and disease manifestation-associated germline antibody features on vaccine development, antibody discovery, antibody optimization, and disease diagnosis. Lastly, we discuss the bottlenecks and perspectives of current and potential applications of germline antibody features in the biotechnology field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfei Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu L. Influenza and Universal Vaccine Research in China. Viruses 2022; 15:116. [PMID: 36680158 PMCID: PMC9861666 DOI: 10.3390/v15010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses usually cause seasonal influenza epidemics and influenza pandemics, resulting in acute respiratory illness and, in severe cases, multiple organ complications and even death, posing a serious global and human health burden. Compared with other countries, China has a large population base and a large number of influenza cases and deaths. Currently, influenza vaccination remains the most cost-effective and efficient way to prevent and control influenza, which can significantly reduce the risk of influenza virus infection and serious complications. The antigenicity of the influenza vaccine exhibits good protective efficacy when matched to the seasonal epidemic strain. However, when influenza viruses undergo rapid and sustained antigenic drift resulting in a mismatch between the vaccine strain and the epidemic strain, the protective effect is greatly reduced. As a result, the flu vaccine must be reformulated and readministered annually, causing a significant drain on human and financial resources. Therefore, the development of a universal influenza vaccine is necessary for the complete fight against the influenza virus. By statistically analyzing cases related to influenza virus infection and death in China in recent years, this paper describes the existing marketed vaccines, vaccine distribution and vaccination in China and summarizes the candidate immunogens designed based on the structure of influenza virus, hoping to provide ideas for the design and development of new influenza vaccines in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Longding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Innovative Research on Virus Vaccine, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong C, Wang BZ. Engineered Nanoparticulate Vaccines to Combat Recurring and Pandemic Influenza Threats. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100122. [PMID: 35754779 PMCID: PMC9231845 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reoccurring seasonal flu epidemics and occasional pandemics are among the most severe threats to public health. Current seasonal influenza vaccines provide limited protection against drifted circulating strains and no protection against influenza pandemics. Next-generation influenza vaccines, designated as universal influenza vaccines, should be safe, affordable, and elicit long-lasting cross-protective influenza immunity. Nanotechnology plays a critical role in the development of such novel vaccines. Engineered nanoparticles can incorporate multiple advantageous properties into the same nanoparticulate platforms to improve vaccine potency and breadth. These immunological properties include virus-like biomimicry, high antigen-load, controlled antigen release, targeted delivery, and induction of innate signaling pathways. Many nanoparticle influenza vaccines have shown promising results in generating potent and broadly protective immune responses. This review will summarize the necessity and characteristics of next-generation influenza vaccines and the immunological correlates of broad influenza immunity and focus on how cutting-edge nanoparticle technology contributes to such vaccine development. The review will give new insights into the rational design of nanoparticle universal vaccines to combat influenza epidemics and pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences Atlanta GA USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences Atlanta GA USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Becker T, Elbahesh H, Reperant LA, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME. Influenza Vaccines: Successes and Continuing Challenges. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:S405-S419. [PMID: 34590139 PMCID: PMC8482026 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines have been available for over 80 years. They have contributed to significant reductions in influenza morbidity and mortality. However, there have been limitations in their effectiveness, in part due to the continuous antigenic evolution of seasonal influenza viruses, but also due to the predominant use of embryonated chicken eggs for their production. The latter furthermore limits their worldwide production timelines and scale. Therefore today, alternative approaches for their design and production are increasingly pursued, with already licensed quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines produced in cell cultures, including based on a baculovirus expression system. Next-generation influenza vaccines aim at inducing broader and longer-lasting immune responses to overcome seasonal influenza virus antigenic drift and to timely address the emergence of a new pandemic influenza virus. Tailored approaches target mechanisms to improve vaccine-induced immune responses in individuals with a weakened immune system, in particular older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Becker
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Broadly Reactive IgG Responses to Heterologous H5 Prime-Boost Influenza Vaccination Are Shaped by Antigenic Relatedness to Priming Strains. mBio 2021; 12:e0044921. [PMID: 34225490 PMCID: PMC8406322 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00449-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prime-boost vaccinations of humans with different H5 strains have generated broadly protective antibody levels. However, the effect of an individual’s H5 exposure history on antibody responses to subsequent H5 vaccination is poorly understood. To investigate this, we analyzed the IgG responses to H5 influenza A/Indonesia/5/2005 (Ind05) virus vaccination in three cohorts: (i) a doubly primed group that had received two H5 virus vaccinations, namely, against influenza A/Vietnam/203/2004 (Vie04) virus 5 years prior and A/Hong Kong/156/1997 (HK97) 11 years prior to the Ind05 vaccination; (ii) a singly primed group that had received a vaccination against Vie04 virus 5 years prior to the Ind05 vaccination; and (iii) an H5-naive group that received two doses of the Ind05 vaccine 28 days apart. Hemagglutinin (HA)-reactive IgG levels were estimated by a multiplex assay against an HA panel that included 21 H5 strains and 9 other strains representing the H1, H3, H7, and H9 subtypes. Relative HA antibody landscapes were generated to quantitatively analyze the magnitude and breadth of antibody binding after vaccination. We found that short-interval priming and boosting with the Ind05 vaccine in the naive group generated a low anti-H5 response. Both primed groups generated robust antibody responses reactive to a broad range of H5 strains after receiving a booster injection of Ind05 vaccine; IgG antibody levels persisted longer in subjects who had been doubly primed years ago. Notably, the IgG responses were strongest against the first priming H5 strain, which reflects influenza virus immune imprinting. Finally, the broad anti-H5 IgG response was stronger against strains having a small antigenic distance from the initial priming strain.
Collapse
|
8
|
Targeting Antigens for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development. Viruses 2021; 13:v13060973. [PMID: 34073996 PMCID: PMC8225176 DOI: 10.3390/v13060973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional influenza vaccines generate strain-specific antibodies which cannot provide protection against divergent influenza virus strains. Further, due to frequent antigenic shifts and drift of influenza viruses, annual reformulation and revaccination are required in order to match circulating strains. Thus, the development of a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) is critical for long-term protection against all seasonal influenza virus strains, as well as to provide protection against a potential pandemic virus. One of the most important strategies in the development of UIVs is the selection of optimal targeting antigens to generate broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive T cell responses against divergent influenza virus strains. However, each type of target antigen for UIVs has advantages and limitations for the generation of sufficient immune responses against divergent influenza viruses. Herein, we review current strategies and perspectives regarding the use of antigens, including hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix proteins, and internal proteins, for universal influenza vaccine development.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sangesland M, Lingwood D. Antibody Focusing to Conserved Sites of Vulnerability: The Immunological Pathways for 'Universal' Influenza Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020125. [PMID: 33562627 PMCID: PMC7914524 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus remains a serious public health burden due to ongoing viral evolution. Vaccination remains the best measure of prophylaxis, yet current seasonal vaccines elicit strain-specific neutralizing responses that favor the hypervariable epitopes on the virus. This necessitates yearly reformulations of seasonal vaccines, which can be limited in efficacy and also shortchange pandemic preparedness. Universal vaccine development aims to overcome these deficits by redirecting antibody responses to functionally conserved sites of viral vulnerability to enable broad coverage. However, this is challenging as such antibodies are largely immunologically silent, both following vaccination and infection. Defining and then overcoming the immunological basis for such subdominant or ‘immuno-recessive’ antibody targeting has thus become an important aspect of universal vaccine development. This, coupled with structure-guided immunogen design, has led to proof-of-concept that it is possible to rationally refocus humoral immunity upon normally ‘unseen’ broadly neutralizing antibody targets on influenza virus.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mohanty E, Mohanty A. Role of artificial intelligence in peptide vaccine design against RNA viruses. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021; 26:100768. [PMID: 34722851 PMCID: PMC8536498 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses have high rate of replication and mutation that help them adapt and change according to their environmental conditions. Many viral mutants are the cause of various severe and lethal diseases. Vaccines, on the other hand have the capacity to protect us from infectious diseases by eliciting antibody or cell-mediated immune responses that are pathogen-specific. While there are a few reviews pertaining to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for SARS-COV-2 vaccine development, none focus on peptide vaccination for RNA viruses and the important role played by AI in it. Peptide vaccine which is slowly coming to be recognized as a safe and effective vaccination strategy has the capacity to overcome the mutant escape problem which is also being currently faced by SARS-COV-2 vaccines in circulation.Here we review the present scenario of peptide vaccines which are developed using mathematical and computational statistics methods to prevent the spread of disease caused by RNA viruses. We also focus on the importance and current stage of AI and mathematical evolutionary modeling using machine learning tools in the establishment of these new peptide vaccines for the control of viral disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileena Mohanty
- Trident School of Biotech Sciences, Trident Academy of Creative Technology (TACT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Anima Mohanty
- School of Biotechnology (KSBT), KIIT University-2, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Subdominance in Antibody Responses: Implications for Vaccine Development. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 85:85/1/e00078-20. [PMID: 33239435 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00078-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines work primarily by eliciting antibodies, even when recovery from natural infection depends on cellular immunity. Large efforts have therefore been made to identify microbial antigens that elicit protective antibodies, but these endeavors have encountered major difficulties, as witnessed by the lack of vaccines against many pathogens. This review summarizes accumulating evidence that subdominant protein regions, i.e., surface-exposed regions that elicit relatively weak antibody responses, are of particular interest for vaccine development. This concept may seem counterintuitive, but subdominance may represent an immune evasion mechanism, implying that the corresponding region potentially is a key target for protective immunity. Following a presentation of the concepts of immunodominance and subdominance, the review will present work on subdominant regions in several major human pathogens: the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum, two species of pathogenic streptococci, and the dengue and influenza viruses. Later sections are devoted to the molecular basis of subdominance, its potential role in immune evasion, and general implications for vaccine development. Special emphasis will be placed on the fact that a whole surface-exposed protein domain can be subdominant, as demonstrated for all of the pathogens described here. Overall, the available data indicate that subdominant protein regions are of much interest for vaccine development, not least in bacterial and protozoal systems, for which antibody subdominance remains largely unexplored.
Collapse
|
12
|
Desselberger U. Potential of plasmid only based reverse genetics of rotavirus for the development of next-generation vaccines. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 44:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
13
|
Kiseleva I. New Points of Departure for More Global Influenza Vaccine Use. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030410. [PMID: 32718042 PMCID: PMC7563509 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, influenza causes a significant acute respiratory disease burden. In addition, influenza pandemics periodically occur. Annual vaccination is the best tool for influenza prevention, but its effectiveness can vary from year to year. The narrow specificity of conventional vaccines and the drug resistance of currently circulating viruses reduce the effectiveness of prophylaxis and treatment and require the development of new broad-spectrum preparations. Furthermore, the challenge of creating a highly effective universal influenza vaccine takes on renewed intensity in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kiseleva
- Department of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 St Petersburg, Russia; ; Tel.: +7-812-234-6860
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Medical Technologies, St Petersburg University, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wong PT, Goff PH, Sun RJ, Ruge MJ, Ermler ME, Sebring A, O'Konek JJ, Landers JJ, Janczak KW, Sun W, Baker JR. Combined Intranasal Nanoemulsion and RIG-I Activating RNA Adjuvants Enhance Mucosal, Humoral, and Cellular Immunity to Influenza Virus. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:679-698. [PMID: 32491861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current influenza virus vaccines are focused on humoral immunity and are limited by the short duration of protection, narrow cross-strain efficacy, and suboptimal immunogenicity. Here, we combined two chemically and biologically distinct adjuvants, an oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) and RNA-based agonists of RIG-I, to determine whether the diverse mechanisms of these adjuvants could lead to improved immunogenicity and breadth of protection against the influenza virus. NE activates TLRs, stimulates immunogenic apoptosis, and enhances cellular antigen uptake, leading to a balanced TH1/TH2/TH17 response when administered intranasally. RIG-I agonists included RNAs derived from Sendai and influenza viral defective interfering RNAs (IVT DI, 3php, respectively) and RIG-I/TLR3 agonist, poly(I:C) (pIC), which induce IFN-Is and TH1-polarized responses. NE/RNA combined adjuvants potentially allow for costimulation of multiple innate immune receptor pathways, more closely mimicking patterns of activation occurring during natural viral infection. Mice intranasally immunized with inactivated A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR/8) adjuvanted with NE/IVT DI or NE/3php (but not NE/pIC) showed synergistic enhancement of systemic PR/8-specific IgG with significantly greater avidity and virus neutralization activity than the individual adjuvants. Notably, NE/IVT DI induced protective neutralizing titers after a single immunization. Hemagglutinin stem-specific antibodies were also improved, allowing recognition of heterologous and heterosubtypic hemagglutinins. All NE/RNAs elicited substantial PR/8-specific sIgA. Finally, a unique cellular response with enhanced TH1/TH17 immunity was induced with the NE/RNAs. These results demonstrate that the enhanced immunogenicity of the adjuvant combinations was synergistic and not simply additive, highlighting the potential value of a combined adjuvant approach for improving the efficacy of vaccination against the influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela T Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter H Goff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Rachel J Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew J Ruge
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Megan E Ermler
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Alyssa Sebring
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica J O'Konek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Landers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katarzyna W Janczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Weina Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sant AJ. The Way Forward: Potentiating Protective Immunity to Novel and Pandemic Influenza Through Engagement of Memory CD4 T Cells. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:S30-S37. [PMID: 30715376 PMCID: PMC6452298 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentially pandemic strains of influenza pose an undeniable threat to human populations. Therefore, it is essential to develop better strategies to enhance vaccine design and predict parameters that identify susceptible humans. CD4 T cells are a central component of protective immunity to influenza, delivering direct effector function and potentiating responses of other lymphoid cells. Humans have highly diverse influenza-specific CD4 T-cell populations that vary in stimulation history, specificity, and functionality. These complexities constitute a formidable obstacle to predicting immune responses to pandemic strains of influenza and derivation of optimal vaccine strategies. We suggest that more precise efforts to identify and enumerate both the positive and negative contributors of immunity in the CD4 T-cell compartment will aid in both predicting susceptible hosts and in development of vaccination strategies that will poise most human subjects to respond to pandemic influenza strains with protective immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ostrowsky J, Arpey M, Moore K, Osterholm M, Friede M, Gordon J, Higgins D, Molto-Lopez J, Seals J, Bresee J. Tracking progress in universal influenza vaccine development. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 40:28-36. [PMID: 32279026 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional influenza vaccines are designed to stimulate neutralizing antibodies against immunodominant but highly variable hemagglutinin antigens. Inherent limitations include suboptimal protection against rapidly changing seasonal influenza viruses and a lack of protection against antigenically novel pandemic influenza. New technologies for developing influenza vaccines that induce more broadly protective and durable immunity are a growing area of research and focus on a variety of approaches, including targeting conserved antigens and stimulating cross-reactive T cell responses. This review highlights a new effort to track the development of universal influenza vaccine technologies. The Universal Influenza Vaccine Technology Landscape is intended to provide stakeholders and funders with a common source of information to monitor research progress and identify opportunities for informed investments and collaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ostrowsky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Meredith Arpey
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kristine Moore
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael Osterholm
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martin Friede
- Initiative for Vaccine Research, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Deborah Higgins
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, 2201 Westlake Ave, Seattle, Washington 98121, USA
| | - Julia Molto-Lopez
- Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission, rue Champ de Mars 21, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Seals
- Office of Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, US Department of Health and Human Services, 330 Independence Ave SW, Washington DC 20201, USA
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Global Funders Consortium for Universal Influenza Vaccine Development, Task Force for Global Health, 330 W Ponce de Leon Ave, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Knowlden ZAG, Richards KA, Moritzky SA, Sant AJ. Peptide Epitope Hot Spots of CD4 T Cell Recognition Within Influenza Hemagglutinin During the Primary Response to Infection. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040220. [PMID: 31694141 PMCID: PMC6963931 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies specific for the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus are critical for protective immunity to infection. Our studies show that CD4 T cells specific for epitopes derived from HA are the most effective in providing help for the HA-specific B cell responses to infection and vaccination. In this study, we asked whether HA epitopes recognized by CD4 T cells in the primary response to infection are equally distributed across the HA protein or if certain segments are enriched in CD4 T cell epitopes. Mice that collectively expressed eight alternative MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) class II molecules, that would each have different peptide binding specificities, were infected with an H1N1 influenza virus. CD4 T cell peptide epitope specificities were identified by cytokine EliSpots. These studies revealed that the HA-specific CD4 T cell epitopes cluster in two distinct regions of HA and that some segments of HA are completely devoid of CD4 T cell epitopes. When located on the HA structure, it appears that the regions that most poorly recruit CD4 T cells are sequestered within the interior of the HA trimer, perhaps inaccessible to the proteolytic machinery inside the endosomal compartments of antigen presenting cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Generation of DelNS1 Influenza Viruses: a Strategy for Optimizing Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02180-19. [PMID: 31530680 PMCID: PMC6751066 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02180-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current seasonal influenza vaccines are suboptimal and low in immunogenicity and do not provide long-lasting immunity and cross protection against influenza virus strains that have antigenically drifted. More-effective influenza vaccines which can induce both humoral immunity and T cell immunity are needed. The NS1 protein of influenza virus is a virulence element and the critical factor for regulation of the host immune response during virus infection. Deletion of the NS1 protein is a strategy to make an optimal LAIV vaccine. However, DelNS1 viruses are very difficult to grow in regular vaccine-producing systems, hampering the application of DelNS1 LAIV vaccines in humans. We have generated a panel of both influenza A and influenza B DelNS1 LAIVs which are able to grow in regular vaccine-producing cells. These DelNS1 LAIV vaccines are completely nonpathogenic, exhibit potent and long-lasting immunity, and can be used to express extra viral antigen to induce cross protective immunity against seasonal and emerging influenza. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza virus is a key virulence element with multifunctional roles in virus replication and a potent antagonist of host immune response. Deletion of NS1 (DelNS1) would create a safer and more extensively immunogenic live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccine. However, DelNS1 viruses are very difficult to grow in regular vaccine-producing systems, which has hampered the application of DelNS1 LAIV vaccines in humans. We have developed two master backbones of deleted-NS1 (DelNS1) viral genomes from influenza A or B viruses which contain novel adaptive mutations to support DelNS1-LAIV replication. These DelNS1-LAIVs are highly attenuated in human cells in vitro and nonpathogenic in mice but replicate well in vaccine-producing cells. Both influenza A and influenza B DelNS1 LAIVs grow better at 33°C than at 37 to 39°C. Vaccination with DelNS1 LAIV performed once is enough to provide potent protection against lethal challenge with homologous virus and strong long-lasting cross protection against heterosubtypic or antigenically distantly related influenza viruses in mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that DelNS1-LAIVs induce cross protective neutralizing antibody and CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immunities. Importantly, it has been shown that DelNS1-LAIV can be used to enhance specific anti-influenza immunity through expression of additional antigens from the deleted-NS1 site. Generation of DelNS1 viruses which are nonpathogenic and able to grow in vaccine-producing systems is an important strategy for making highly immunogenic LAIV vaccines that induce broad cross protective immunity against seasonal and emerging influenza.
Collapse
|
19
|
Asthagiri Arunkumar G, McMahon M, Pavot V, Aramouni M, Ioannou A, Lambe T, Gilbert S, Krammer F. Vaccination with viral vectors expressing NP, M1 and chimeric hemagglutinin induces broad protection against influenza virus challenge in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:5567-5577. [PMID: 31399277 PMCID: PMC6717082 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality every year. Annual influenza virus vaccines are effective but only when well matched with circulating strains. Therefore, there is an urgent need for better vaccines that induce broad protection against drifted seasonal and emerging pandemic influenza viruses. One approach to design such vaccines is based on targeting conserved regions of the influenza virus hemagglutinin. Sequential vaccination with chimeric hemagglutinin constructs can refocus antibody responses towards the conserved immunosubdominant stalk domain of the hemagglutinin, rather than the variable immunodominant head. A complementary approach for a universal influenza A virus vaccine is to induce T-cell responses to conserved internal influenza virus antigens. For this purpose, replication deficient recombinant viral vectors based on Chimpanzee Adenovirus Oxford 1 and Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus are used to express the viral nucleoprotein and the matrix protein 1. In this study, we combined these two strategies and evaluated the efficacy of viral vectors expressing both chimeric hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein plus matrix protein 1 in a mouse model against challenge with group 2 influenza viruses including H3N2, H7N9 and H10N8. We found that vectored vaccines expressing both sets of antigens provided enhanced protection against H3N2 virus challenge when compared to vaccination with viral vectors expressing only one set of antigens. Vaccine induced antibody responses against divergent group 2 hemagglutinins, nucleoprotein and matrix protein 1 as well as robust T-cell responses to the nucleoprotein and matrix protein 1 were detected. Of note, it was observed that while antibodies to the H3 stalk were already boosted to high levels after two vaccinations with chimeric hemagglutinins (cHAs), three exposures were required to induce strong reactivity across subtypes. Overall, these results show that a combinations of different universal influenza virus vaccine strategies can induce broad antibody and T-cell responses and can provide increased protection against influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guha Asthagiri Arunkumar
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Meagan McMahon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Vincent Pavot
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andriani Ioannou
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Andrews SF, Chambers MJ, Schramm CA, Plyler J, Raab JE, Kanekiyo M, Gillespie RA, Ransier A, Darko S, Hu J, Chen X, Yassine HM, Boyington JC, Crank MC, Chen GL, Coates E, Mascola JR, Douek DC, Graham BS, Ledgerwood JE, McDermott AB. Activation Dynamics and Immunoglobulin Evolution of Pre-existing and Newly Generated Human Memory B cell Responses to Influenza Hemagglutinin. Immunity 2019; 51:398-410.e5. [PMID: 31350180 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced memory B cell responses to evolving viruses like influenza A involve activation of pre-existing immunity and generation of new responses. To define the contribution of these two types of responses, we analyzed the response to H7N9 vaccination in H7N9-naive adults. We performed comprehensive comparisons at the single-cell level of the kinetics, Ig repertoire, and activation phenotype of established pre-existing memory B cells recognizing conserved epitopes and the newly generated memory B cells directed toward H7 strain-specific epitopes. The recall response to conserved epitopes on H7 HA involved a transient expansion of memory B cells with little observed adaptation. However, the B cell response to newly encountered epitopes was phenotypically distinct and generated a sustained memory population that evolved and affinity matured months after vaccination. These findings establish clear differences between newly generated and pre-existing memory B cells, highlighting the challenges in achieving long-lasting, broad protection against an ever-evolving virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA.
| | - Michael J Chambers
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Jason Plyler
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Julie E Raab
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Amy Ransier
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Sam Darko
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Jianfei Hu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Qatar University Biomedical Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jeffrey C Boyington
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Michelle C Crank
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Grace L Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Emily Coates
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20902, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Behzadi MA, Stein KR, Bermúdez-González MC, Simon V, Nachbagauer R, Tortorella D. An Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin-Based Vaccine Platform Enables the Generation of Epitope Specific Human Cytomegalovirus Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7020051. [PMID: 31207917 PMCID: PMC6630953 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent pathogen with ~60%–90% seropositivity in adults. CMV can contribute to organ rejection in transplant recipients and is a major cause of birth defects in newborns. Currently, there are no approved vaccines against CMV. The epitope of a CMV neutralizing monoclonal antibody against a conserved region of the envelope protein gH provided the basis for a new CMV vaccine design. We exploited the influenza A virus as a vaccine platform due to the highly immunogenic head domain of its hemagglutinin envelope protein. Influenza A variants were engineered by reverse genetics to express the epitope of an anti-CMV gH neutralizing antibody that recognizes native gH into the hemagglutinin antigenic Sa site. We determined that the recombinant influenza variants expressing 7, 10, or 13 residues of the anti-gH neutralizing antibody epitope were recognized and neutralized by the anti-gH antibody 10C10. Mice vaccinated with the influenza/CMV chimeric viruses induced CMV-specific antibodies that recognized the native gH protein and inhibited virus infection. In fact, the influenza variants expressing 7–13 gH residues neutralized a CMV infection at ~60% following two immunizations with variants expressing the 13 residue gH peptide produced the highest levels of neutralization. Collectively, our study demonstrates that a variant influenza virus inserted with a gH peptide can generate a humoral response that limits a CMV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Kathryn R Stein
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Maria Carolina Bermúdez-González
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- The Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- The Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ng S, Nachbagauer R, Balmaseda A, Stadlbauer D, Ojeda S, Patel M, Rajabhathor A, Lopez R, Guglia AF, Sanchez N, Amanat F, Gresh L, Kuan G, Krammer F, Gordon A. Novel correlates of protection against pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus infection. Nat Med 2019; 25:962-967. [PMID: 31160818 PMCID: PMC6608747 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,St. Jude Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Memphis, TN, USA.,Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffael Nachbagauer
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Mayuri Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,St. Jude Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Memphis, TN, USA.,Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arvind Rajabhathor
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Lopez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua.,Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Andrea F Guglia
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua.,Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Florian Krammer
- Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,St. Jude Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Memphis, TN, USA. .,Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Krammer F, Palese P. Universal Influenza Virus Vaccines That Target the Conserved Hemagglutinin Stalk and Conserved Sites in the Head Domain. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:S62-S67. [PMID: 30715353 PMCID: PMC6452318 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to limitations of current influenza virus vaccines, new vaccines that mediate broad protection and show high efficacy against seasonal and pandemic viruses are urgently needed. The conserved stalk of the viral hemagglutinin has been identified as potential target antigen for this new generation of vaccines. A vaccination strategy based on chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA), which refocuses the immune response toward the stalk domain and the conserved neuraminidase, is currently being tested in clinical trials. Here we discuss how to improve the cHA antigens to generate vaccine candidates that both induce a broad antistalk response and target conserved immunosubdominant epitopes in the head domain of the hemagglutinin. These novel constructs, termed mosaic hemagglutinins, should provide enhanced protection and should be tested in clinical trials to assess their improved potential as universal influenza virus vaccine candidates.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/immunology
- Chimera/immunology
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mosaicism
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Receptors, Artificial/immunology
- Vaccination
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Krammer
- Department of, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Peter Palese
- Department ofMicrobiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibody VIS410 in adults with uncomplicated influenza A infection: Results from a randomized, double-blind, phase-2, placebo-controlled study. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:574-582. [PMID: 30638863 PMCID: PMC6412085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VIS410, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody that binds the hemagglutinin stem of influenza A viruses, was safe and efficacious in a human H1N1 virus challenge study. This study evaluated the safety and tolerability of VIS410 in non-hospitalized adult patients with uncomplicated influenza A. METHODS Patients 18 to 65 years of age with symptom onset within 72 h were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a single intravenous infusion of VIS410 4000 mg, 2000 mg, or placebo. Neuraminidase inhibitor therapy was prohibited. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated up to 100 days post-infusion. Influenza symptoms were assessed daily for 10 days using the FLU-PRO tool. Nasopharyngeal virus shedding was assessed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and viral culture through Day 7. FINDINGS Of the 150 patients randomized, 148 received study drug, and 138 were confirmed influenza A positive. Median age was 42 years; median time from symptom onset to treatment was 42 h; 93% had influenza A subtype H3N2. SAFETY TEAEs, most commonly diarrhea of mild severity, were dose-related, occurring in 55%, 35%, and 24% of the 4000 mg, 2000 mg, and placebo patients, respectively. Two serious adverse events occurred, both in placebo patients. SYMPTOM ANALYSES Baseline FLU-PRO symptom scores were balanced among groups. Mean scores were lower by Days 3 and 4 in the pooled VIS410 treatment group versus placebo (p < 0.023), with a tendency toward faster resolution by Kaplan-Meier analysis. VIROLOGY ANALYSES VIS410 was associated with reduced median nasopharyngeal viral load TCID50 AUCDay7 (days × log10 TCID50/mL) (3.66 pooled VIS410 vs 4.78 placebo, p = 0.08) and in the subset of patients with baseline hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titer ≤40 (overall, 74% of patients) was significantly reduced vs placebo (4.218 pooled VIS410 vs 6.152 placebo, p = 0.009). Kaplan-Meier estimated time to resolution of viral shedding was reduced (1.9 vs 3.6 days, p = 0.03) in VIS410 treated patients. There was a trend toward greater proportion of culture-negative patients by Day 3 (66.7% vs 51.1%, p = 0.11); when this analysis was limited to the subset of patients with positive baseline cultures, this difference became more pronounced (63.2% vs 42.5%, p = 0.053). No differences were observed in nasopharyngeal influenza qRT-PCR profiles, which represent both live and neutralized virus. INTERPRETATION VIS410 was safe and well tolerated in adults with uncomplicated influenza A, with favorable effects on symptom resolution and virus replication. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials: NCT02989194. FUNDING This project was funded in part with Federal funds from the Department of Health and Human Services; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), under Contract No. HHSO100201500018C.
Collapse
|
25
|
Drăgănescu A, Săndulescu O, Florea D, Vlaicu O, Streinu-Cercel A, Oţelea D, Aramă V, Luminos ML, Streinu-Cercel A, Niţescu M, Ivanciuc A, Bacruban R, Piţigoi D. The influenza season 2016/17 in Bucharest, Romania - surveillance data and clinical characteristics of patients with influenza-like illness admitted to a tertiary infectious diseases hospital. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:377-386. [PMID: 30391275 PMCID: PMC9427989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.10.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza continues to drive seasonal morbidity, particularly in settings with low vaccine coverage. OBJECTIVES To describe the influenza cases and viral circulation among hospitalized patients. METHODS A prospective study based on active surveillance of inpatients with influenza-like illness from a tertiary hospital in Bucharest, Romania, in the season 2016/17. RESULTS A total of 446 patients were tested, with a balanced gender distribution. Overall, 192 (43%) patients tested positive for influenza, with the highest positivity rate in the age groups 3-13 years and >65 years. Peak activity occurred between weeks 1 and 16/2017, with biphasic distribution: A viruses were replaced by B viruses from week 9/2017; B viruses predominated (66.1%). Among the 133 (69.3%) subtyped samples, all influenza A were subtype H3 (n=57) and all influenza B were B/Victoria (n=76). Patients who tested positive for influenza presented fewer comorbidities (p=0.012), except for the elderly, in whom influenza was more common in patients with comorbidities (p=0.050). Disease evolution was generally favorable under antiviral treatment. The length of hospital stay was slightly longer in patients with influenza-like illness who tested patients negative for influenza (p=0.031). CONCLUSIONS Distinctive co-circulation of A/H3 and B/Victoria in Bucharest, Romania in the 2016/17 influenza season was found. While the A/H3 subtype was predominant throughout Europe that season, B/Victoria appears to have circulated specifically in Romania and the Eastern European region, predominantly affecting preschoolers and school children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Drăgănescu
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Săndulescu
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Dragoş Florea
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Vlaicu
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Streinu-Cercel
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Oţelea
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Aramă
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Luminiţa Luminos
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Streinu-Cercel
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Niţescu
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Ivanciuc
- Cantacuzino Military-Medical Research-Development National Institute, Bucharest, Romania; Bucharest University, Faculty of Biology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Bacruban
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Piţigoi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Balș", Bucharest, Romania; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Editorial overview: Tough targets. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 53:iv-vi. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Neutralizing Anti-Hemagglutinin Monoclonal Antibodies Induced by Gene-Based Transfer Have Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects on Influenza Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030035. [PMID: 29949942 PMCID: PMC6161145 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus is a major target for vaccines. HA initiates the internalization of the virus into the host cell by binding to host sialic acid receptors; therefore, inhibition of HA can significantly prevent influenza virus infection. However, the high diversity of HA permits the influenza virus to escape from host immunity. Moreover, the vaccine efficacy is poor in some high-risk populations (e.g., elderly or immunocompromised patients). Passive immunization with anti-HA monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an attractive therapy; however, this method has high production costs and requires repeated inoculations. To address these issues, several methods for long-term expression of mAb against influenza virus have been developed. Here, we provide an overview of methods using plasmid and viral adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors that have been modified for higher expression of neutralizing antibodies in the host. We also examine two methods of injection, electro-transfer and hydrodynamic injection. Our results show that antibody gene transfer is effective against influenza virus infection even in immunocompromised mice, and antibody expression was detected in the serum and upper respiratory tract. We also demonstrate this method to be effective following influenza virus infection. Finally, we discuss the perspective of passive immunization with antibody gene transfer for future clinical trials.
Collapse
|