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Yu JH, Yuan HB, Yan ZY, Zhang X, Xu HH. The complement regulatory protein CD46 serves as a novel biomarker for cervical cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1421778. [PMID: 38919630 PMCID: PMC11196419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1421778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CD46 has been revealed to be a key factor in malignant transformation and cancer treatment. However, the clinical significance of CD46 in cervical cancer remains unclear, and this study aimed to evaluate its role in cervical cancer diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Methods A total of 180 patients with an initial diagnosis of cervical cancer were enrolled at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, China. The plasma levels of soluble CD46 (sCD46) and the expression of membrane-bound CD46 (mCD46) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Results CD46 was found to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues vs. normal tissues, while no CD46 staining was detected in paired adjacent noncancerous tissues. CD46 staining was more pronounced in cancer cells than in stromal cells in situ (in tissues). Moreover, the plasma levels of sCD46 were able to some extent discriminate between cancer patients and healthy women (AUC=0.6847, 95% CI:0.6152-0.7541). Analysis of Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that patients with low CD46 expression had slightly longer overall survival (OS) than patients with high CD46 expression in the tumor microenvironment, but no significant difference. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that CD46 (P=0.034) is an independent risk factor for OS in cervical cancer patients. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that cervical cancer patients exhibit aberrant expression of CD46, which is closely associated with a poor prognosis, suggesting that CD46 plays a key role in promoting cervical carcinogenesis and that CD46 could serve as a promising potential target for precision therapy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao-Bo Yuan
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zi-Yi Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Hui Xu
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Shajari A, Zare Ahmadabadi A, Ashrafi MM, Mahdavi T, Mirzaee M, Mohkam M, Sharafian S, Tamiji M, Jamee M. Inborn errors of immunity with kidney and urinary tract disorders: a review. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1965-1972. [PMID: 38198013 PMCID: PMC11090940 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Human inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), previously referred to as primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs), are a heterogeneous spectrum of inherited abnormalities of the immune system with different organ involvement. The number of identified IEIs is rapidly increasing, highlighting the non-negligible role of an interdisciplinary approach in clinical diagnosis. Kidney disorders are one of the important comorbidities in some of the affected patients and play a significant role in the diagnosis and course of disease. According to recent studies, 22 types of human IEI with renal manifestations have been identified so far, including immunodeficiency with congenital thrombocytopenia, thymic defects with additional congenital anomalies, complement deficiencies, type 1 interferonopathies, immunity related to non-hematopoietic tissues, congenital neutropenia's, common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) phenotype and immuno-osseous dysplasia. Based on this classification, we herein review IEIs with renal features and explain the genetic defect, inheritance, and type of renal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Shajari
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Islamic Azad University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran
| | - Atefe Zare Ahmadabadi
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moein Ashrafi
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tolue Mahdavi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool E Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Mirzaee
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mohkam
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samin Sharafian
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Tamiji
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mahnaz Jamee
- Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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3
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Lim RR, Shirali S, Rowlan J, Engel AL, Nazario, M, Gonzalez K, Tong A, Neitz J, Neitz M, Chao JR. CFH Haploinsufficiency and Complement Alterations in Early-Onset Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:43. [PMID: 38683564 PMCID: PMC11059804 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Complement dysregulation is a key component in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and related diseases such as early-onset macular drusen (EOMD). Although genetic variants of complement factor H (CFH) are associated with AMD risk, the impact of CFH and factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) expression on local complement activity in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) remains unclear. Methods We identified a novel CFH variant in a family with EOMD and generated patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE cells. We assessed CFH and FHL-1 co-factor activity through C3b breakdown assays and measured complement activation by immunostaining for membrane attack complex (MAC) formation. Expression of CFH, FHL-1, local alternative pathway (AP) components, and regulators of complement activation (RCA) in EOMD RPE cells was determined by quantitative PCR, western blot, and immunostaining. Isogenic EOMD (cEOMD) RPE was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Results The CFH variant (c.351-2A>G) resulted in loss of CFH and FHL-1 expression and significantly reduced CFH and FHL-1 protein expression (∼50%) in EOMD iPSC RPE cells. These cells exhibited increased MAC deposition upon exposure to normal human serum. Under inflammatory or oxidative stress conditions, CFH and FHL-1 expression in EOMD RPE cells paralleled that of controls, whereas RCA expression, including MAC formation inhibitors, was elevated. CRISPR/Cas9 correction restored CFH/FHL-1 expression and mitigated alternative pathway complement activity in cEOMD RPE cells. Conclusions Identification of a novel CFH variant in patients with EOMD resulting in reduced CFH and FHL-1 and increased local complement activity in EOMD iPSC RPE supports the involvement of CFH haploinsufficiency in EOMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne R. Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sharlene Shirali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jessica Rowlan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Abbi L. Engel
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Marcos Nazario,
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Kelie Gonzalez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Aspen Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jay Neitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Maureen Neitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Chao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
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4
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Nguyen VD, Hughes TR, Zhou Y. From complement to complosome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: When location matters. Liver Int 2024; 44:316-329. [PMID: 38010880 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health threat and becoming the leading cause of liver transplantation. Nevertheless, no approved specific treatment is currently available for NAFLD. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted and not yet fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role of the complement system in the development and progression of NAFLD. Here, we provide an overview of the complement system, incorporating the novel concept of complosome, and summarise the up-to-date evidence elucidating the association between complement dysregulation and the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this process, the extracellular complement system is activated through various pathways, thereby directly contributing to, or working together with other immune cells in the disease development and progression. We also introduce the complosome and assess the evidence that implicates its potential influence in NAFLD through its direct impact on hepatocytes or non-parenchymal liver cells. Additionally, we expound upon how complement system and the complosome may exert their effects in relation with hepatic zonation in NAFLD. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting the complement system, extracellularly and intracellularly, for NAFLD treatment. Finally, we present future perspectives towards a better understanding of the complement system's contribution to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Dien Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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5
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Detsika MG, Palamaris K, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE. The complement cascade in lung injury and disease. Respir Res 2024; 25:20. [PMID: 38178176 PMCID: PMC10768165 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system is an important arm of immune defense bringing innate and adaptive immunity. Although originally regarded as a major complementary defense mechanism against pathogens, continuously emerging evidence has uncovered a central role of this complex system in several diseases including lung pathologies. MAIN BODY Complement factors such as anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, their receptors C3aR, C5aR and C5aR2 as well as complement inhibitory proteins CD55, CD46 and CD59 have been implicated in pathologies such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, interstitial lung diseases, and lung cancer. However, the exact mechanisms by which complement factors induce these diseases remain unclear. Several complement-targeting monoclonal antibodies are reported to treat lung diseases. CONCLUSIONS The complement system contributes to the progression of the acute and chronic lung diseases. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will provide groundwork to develop new strategy to target complement factors for treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Detsika
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece.
| | - K Palamaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece
| | - A Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece
| | - S E Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece.
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6
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Geng X, Xue J, Zheng H, Suo L, Zeng H, Zhao M, Song S, Liu Y, Zhao C, Yang P. The association between CD46 expression in B cells and the pathogenesis of airway allergy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166845. [PMID: 37579982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
CD46 can facilitate the production of IgE. Activation of CD46 may contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between CD46 expression in B cells and the pathogenesis of airway allergy. In this study, peripheral B cells were collected from a group of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis (AR). An AR mouse model was established to test the role of CD46 in the development of airway allergy. The results showed elevated amounts of IGE in peripheral CD46+ B cells of AR patients. CD46+ B cells of AR patients showed high reticulum endoplasmic (ER) stress status. The expression of CD46 in peripheral B cells was positively associated with the AR response in patients. The production of IgE in mice with airway allergy was prevented by ablating CD46 expression in B cells. Exposure to aluminum hydroxide up regulated the expression of Cd46 in B cells through exacerbating ER stress. Administration of Cd46 shRNA carrying nanoparticles attenuated experimental airway allergy. In conclusion, peripheral B cells in AR patients display elevated CD46 expression. Cd46 ablation in B cells can mitigate the production of IgE in mice and attenuate experimental airway allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Geng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinmei Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haoyue Zheng
- Shenzhen Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Limin Suo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haotao Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Song
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of General Practical Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Changqing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Shenzhen Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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7
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Vassiliev P, Gusev E, Komelkova M, Kochetkov A, Dobrynina M, Sarapultsev A. Computational Analysis of CD46 Protein Interaction with SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins: Elucidating a Putative Viral Entry Mechanism into Human Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:2297. [PMID: 38140538 PMCID: PMC10747966 DOI: 10.3390/v15122297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines an unexplored aspect of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, which is widely understood to occur via the viral spike (S) protein's interaction with human ACE2-associated proteins. While vaccines and inhibitors targeting this mechanism are in use, they may not offer complete protection against reinfection. Hence, we investigate putative receptors and their cofactors. Specifically, we propose CD46, a human membrane cofactor protein, as a potential putative receptor and explore its role in cellular invasion, acting possibly as a cofactor with other viral structural proteins. Employing computational techniques, we created full-size 3D models of human CD46 and four key SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins-EP, MP, NP, and SP. We further developed 3D models of CD46 complexes interacting with these proteins. The primary aim is to pinpoint the likely interaction domains between CD46 and these structural proteins to facilitate the identification of molecules that can block these interactions, thus offering a foundation for novel pharmacological treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Vassiliev
- Laboratory for Information Technology in Pharmacology and Computer Modeling of Drugs, Research Center for Innovative Medicines, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, Volgograd 400087, Russia;
| | - Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 106 Pervomaiskaya Street, Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia; (E.G.); (M.D.)
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Prospekt, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia;
| | - Maria Komelkova
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Prospekt, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia;
| | - Andrey Kochetkov
- Laboratory for Information Technology in Pharmacology and Computer Modeling of Drugs, Research Center for Innovative Medicines, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, Volgograd 400087, Russia;
| | - Maria Dobrynina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 106 Pervomaiskaya Street, Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia; (E.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 106 Pervomaiskaya Street, Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia; (E.G.); (M.D.)
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Prospekt, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia;
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8
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Meyer BJ, Kunz N, Seki S, Higgins R, Ghosh A, Hupfer R, Baldrich A, Hirsiger JR, Jauch AJ, Burgener AV, Lötscher J, Aschwanden M, Dickenmann M, Stegert M, Berger CT, Daikeler T, Heijnen I, Navarini AA, Rudin C, Yamamoto H, Kemper C, Hess C, Recher M. Immunologic and Genetic Contributors to CD46-Dependent Immune Dysregulation. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:1840-1856. [PMID: 37477760 PMCID: PMC10661731 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in CD46 predispose to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) with low penetrance. Factors driving immune-dysregulatory disease in individual mutation carriers have remained ill-understood. In addition to its role as a negative regulator of the complement system, CD46 modifies T cell-intrinsic metabolic adaptation and cytokine production. Comparative immunologic analysis of diseased vs. healthy CD46 mutation carriers has not been performed in detail yet. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed clinical, molecular, immune-phenotypic, cytokine secretion, immune-metabolic, and genetic profiles in healthy vs. diseased individuals carrying a rare, heterozygous CD46 mutation identified within a large single family. Five out of six studied individuals carried a CD46 gene splice-site mutation causing an in-frame deletion of 21 base pairs. One child suffered from aHUS and his paternal uncle manifested with adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Three mutation carriers had no clinical evidence of CD46-related disease to date. CD4+ T cell-intrinsic CD46 expression was uniformly 50%-reduced but was comparable in diseased vs. healthy mutation carriers. Reconstitution experiments defined the 21-base pair-deleted CD46 variant as intracellularly-but not surface-expressed and haploinsufficient. Both healthy and diseased mutation carriers displayed reduced CD46-dependent T cell mitochondrial adaptation. Diseased mutation carriers had lower peripheral regulatory T cell (Treg) frequencies and carried potentially epistatic, private rare variants in other inborn errors of immunity (IEI)-associated proinflammatory genes, not found in healthy mutation carriers. In conclusion, low Treg and rare non-CD46 immune-gene variants may contribute to clinically manifest CD46 haploinsufficiency-associated immune-dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt J Meyer
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Kunz
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, CIRS, DIR, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Sayuri Seki
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Competence Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robin Hupfer
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Baldrich
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia R Hirsiger
- Translational Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annaïse J Jauch
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Valérie Burgener
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Aschwanden
- Department of Angiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Dickenmann
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Stegert
- Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T Berger
- Translational Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center for Immunology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Daikeler
- Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center for Immunology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Heijnen
- Division Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Rudin
- University Children's Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, CIRS, DIR, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- University Center for Immunology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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9
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Mao M, Peng Y, Tan K, Lan Z, Guo X, Huang F, Xu P, Yang S, Kwan KY, Cai X. Molecular characterization of complement regulatory factor CD46 in Trachinotus ovatus and its role in the antimicrobial immune responses and complement regulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109092. [PMID: 37722441 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
CD46, as a cofactor of complement I factor, not only regulates the complement system but also functions as a pathogen receptor and is involved in controlling early pathogen infection through autophagy. In this study, a new CD46 gene (ToCD46) was identified from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), which showed higher sequence homology with other teleosts CD46. Homology comparison showed that ToCD46 had higher sequence homology (46.95-52.85%) with other teleosts CD46 and lower homology with mammal. Tissue expression profile analysis showed that ToCD46 was generally expressed in all tissues with the highest expression level in liver, followed by head kidney, and showed different patterns of up-regulation in immune-related tissues after stimulation by Streptococcus agalactiae and Vibrio alginolyticus. The hemolytic activity analysis and apoptosis assay showed that rToCD46 decreased the hemolytic activity of serum of golden pompano and effectively inhibited the damage of A549 cells, suggesting that ToCD46 might be involved in the regulation of complement activation of golden pompano. In vitro antibacterial experiments showed that rToCD46 had antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria V. alginolyticus but no effect on positive bacteria S. agalactiae. These results suggest that ToCD46 may be involved in the immune response of golden pompano to pathogens, which will provide important basic information for elucidating the evolutionary history of the complement system of golden pompano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Mao
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Yinhui Peng
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Kianann Tan
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Zhenyu Lan
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Xiyi Guo
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Fengping Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Shaoyu Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China.
| | - Kit Yue Kwan
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China.
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- College of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China.
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10
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Guo X, Zhang M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Guo Y. Attachment, Entry, and Intracellular Trafficking of Classical Swine Fever Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1870. [PMID: 37766277 PMCID: PMC10534341 DOI: 10.3390/v15091870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus with an envelope, is a member of the Pestivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. CSFV causes a severe and highly contagious disease in pigs and is prevalent worldwide, threatening the pig farming industry. The detailed mechanisms of the CSFV life cycle have been reported, but are still limited. Some receptors and attachment factors of CSFV, including heparan sulfate (HS), laminin receptor (LamR), complement regulatory protein (CD46), MER tyrosine kinase (MERTK), disintegrin, and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17), were identified. After attachment, CSFV internalizes via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and/or caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis (CavME). After internalization, CSFV moves to early and late endosomes before uncoating. During this period, intracellular trafficking of CSFV relies on components of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and Rab proteins in the endosome dynamics, with a dependence on the cytoskeleton network. This review summarizes the data on the mechanisms of CSFV attachment, internalization pathways, and intracellular trafficking, and provides a general view of the early events in the CSFV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yidi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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11
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Parsons AJ, Stein KR, Atanasoff KE, Ophir SI, Casado JP, Tortorella D. The CD46 ectodomain participates in human cytomegalovirus infection of epithelial cells. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001892. [PMID: 37668349 PMCID: PMC10484303 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infections are typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals yet can cause increased morbidity and mortality in organ transplant recipients, AIDS patients, neonates, and the elderly. The successful, widespread dissemination of this virus among the population can be attributed in part to its wide cellular tropism and ability to establish life-long latency. HCMV infection is a multi-step process that requires numerous cellular and viral factors. The viral envelope consists of envelope protein complexes that interact with cellular factors; such interactions dictate virus recognition and attachment to different cell types, followed by fusion either at the cell membrane or within an endocytic vesicle. Several HCMV entry factors, including neuropilin-2 (Nrp2), THBD, CD147, OR14I1, and CD46, are characterized as participating in HCMV pentamer-specific entry of non-fibroblast cells such as epithelial, trophoblast, and endothelial cells, respectively. This study focuses on characterizing the structural elements of CD46 that impact HCMV infection. Infectivity studies of wild-type and CD46 knockout epithelial cells demonstrated that levels of CD46 expressed on the cell surface were directly related to HCMV infectivity. Overexpression of CD46 isomers BC1, BC2, and C2 enhanced infection. Further, CD46 knockout epithelial cells expressing CD46 deletion and chimeric molecules identified that the intact ectodomain was critical for rescue of HCMV infection in CD46 knockout cells. Collectively, these data support a model that the extracellular domain of CD46 participates in HCMV infection due to its surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Parsons
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Stein
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kristina E. Atanasoff
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sabrina I. Ophir
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jailene Paredes Casado
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Domenico Tortorella
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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12
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Laird J, Perera G, Batorsky R, Wang H, Arkun K, Chin MT. Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Focal and Normal Areas of Myocyte Disarray in Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12625. [PMID: 37628806 PMCID: PMC10454036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited disorder that can lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death, characterized at the histological level by focal areas of myocyte disarray, hypertrophy and fibrosis, and only a few disease-targeted therapies exist. To identify the focal and spatially restricted alterations in the transcriptional pathways and reveal novel therapeutic targets, we performed a spatial transcriptomic analysis of the areas of focal myocyte disarray compared to areas of normal tissue using a commercially available platform (GeoMx, nanoString). We analyzed surgical myectomy tissue from four patients with HCM and the control interventricular septum tissue from two unused organ donor hearts that were free of cardiovascular disease. Histological sections were reviewed by an expert pathologist, and 72 focal areas with varying degrees of myocyte disarray (normal, mild, moderate, severe) were chosen for analysis. Areas of interest were interrogated with the Human Cancer Transcriptome Atlas designed to profile 1800 transcripts. Differential expression analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression between HCM and the control tissue, and functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were primarily involved in interferon production and mitochondrial energetics. Within the HCM tissue, differentially expressed genes between areas of normal and severe disarray were enriched for genes related to mitochondrial energetics and the extracellular matrix in severe disarray. An analysis of the gene expression of the ligand-receptor pair revealed that the HCM tissue exhibited downregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), NOTCH, junctional adhesion molecule, and CD46 signaling while showing upregulation of fibronectin, CD99, cadherin, and amyloid precursor protein signaling. A deconvolution analysis utilizing the matched single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) data to determine cell type composition in areas of interest revealed significant differences in fibroblast and vascular cell composition in areas of severe disarray when compared to normal areas in HCM samples. Cell composition in the normal areas of the control tissue was also divergent from the normal areas in HCM samples, which was consistent with the differential expression results. Overall, our data identify novel and potential disease-modifying targets for therapy in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Laird
- Research Technology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02144, USA;
| | - Gayani Perera
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Rebecca Batorsky
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (R.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; (R.B.); (H.W.)
| | - Knarik Arkun
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Michael T. Chin
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
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13
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Wang Y, Wang M, Bao R, Wang L, Du X, Qiu S, Yang C, Song H. A novel humanized tri-receptor transgenic mouse model of HAdV infection and pathogenesis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29026. [PMID: 37578851 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a highly virulent respiratory pathogen that poses clinical challenges in terms of diagnostics and treatment. Currently, no effective therapeutic drugs or prophylactic vaccines are available for HAdV infections. One factor contributing to this deficiency is that existing animal models, including wild-type and single-receptor transgenic mice, are unsuitable for HAdV proliferation and pathology testing. In this study, a tri-receptor transgenic mouse model expressing the three best-characterized human cellular receptors for HAdV (hCAR, hCD46, and hDSG2) was generated and validated via analysis of transgene insertion, receptor mRNA expression, and protein abundance distribution. Following HAdV-7 infection, the tri-receptor mice exhibited high transcription levels at the early and late stages of the HAdV gene, as well as viral protein expression. Furthermore, the tri-receptor mice infected with HAdV exhibited dysregulated cytokine responses and multiple tissue lesions. This transgenic mouse model represents human HAdV infection and pathogenesis with more accuracy than any other reported animal model. As such, this model facilitates the comprehensive investigation of HAdV pathogenesis as well as the evaluation of potential vaccines and therapeutic modalities for HAdV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- College of Public Heaith, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Renlong Bao
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ligui Wang
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Du
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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14
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Perico L, Morigi M, Pezzotta A, Locatelli M, Imberti B, Corna D, Cerullo D, Benigni A, Remuzzi G. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces lung endothelial cell dysfunction and thrombo-inflammation depending on the C3a/C3a receptor signalling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11392. [PMID: 37452090 PMCID: PMC10349115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can interact with endothelial cells. However, no studies demonstrated the direct effect of the spike protein subunit 1 (S1) in inducing lung vascular damage and the potential mechanisms contributing to lung injury. Here, we found that S1 injection in mice transgenic for human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) induced early loss of lung endothelial thromboresistance at 3 days, as revealed by thrombomodulin loss and von Willebrand factor (vWF) increase. In parallel, vascular and epithelial C3 deposits and enhanced C3a receptor (C3aR) expression were observed. These changes preceded diffuse alveolar damage and lung vascular fibrin(ogen)/platelets aggregates at 7 days, as well as inflammatory cell recruitment and fibrosis. Treatment with C3aR antagonist (C3aRa) inhibited lung C3 accumulation and C3a/C3aR activation, limiting vascular thrombo-inflammation and fibrosis. Our study demonstrates that S1 triggers vascular dysfunction and activates complement system, instrumental to lung thrombo-inflammatory injury. By extension, our data indicate C3aRa as a valuable therapeutic strategy to limit S1-dependent lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Marina Morigi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Anna Pezzotta
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Monica Locatelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Barbara Imberti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Domenico Cerullo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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15
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Chehelgerdi M, Chehelgerdi M. The use of RNA-based treatments in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:106. [PMID: 37420174 PMCID: PMC10401791 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, mRNA vaccines have evolved from a theoretical concept to a clinical reality. These vaccines offer several advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including their high potency, rapid development, low-cost manufacturing, and safe administration. However, until recently, concerns over the instability and inefficient distribution of mRNA in vivo have limited their utility. Fortunately, recent technological advancements have mostly resolved these concerns, resulting in the development of numerous mRNA vaccination platforms for infectious diseases and various types of cancer. These platforms have shown promising outcomes in both animal models and humans. This study highlights the potential of mRNA vaccines as a promising alternative approach to conventional vaccine techniques and cancer treatment. This review article aims to provide a thorough and detailed examination of mRNA vaccines, including their mechanisms of action and potential applications in cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, the article will analyze the current state of mRNA vaccine technology and highlight future directions for the development and implementation of this promising vaccine platform as a mainstream therapeutic option. The review will also discuss potential challenges and limitations of mRNA vaccines, such as their stability and in vivo distribution, and suggest ways to overcome these issues. By providing a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of mRNA vaccines, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of this innovative approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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16
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Aitkenhead H, Stuart DI, El Omari K. Structure of Bovine CD46 Ectodomain. Viruses 2023; 15:1424. [PMID: 37515111 PMCID: PMC10385506 DOI: 10.3390/v15071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
CD46, or membrane cofactor protein, is a type-one transmembrane protein from the complement regulatory protein family. Alongside its role in complement activation, CD46 is involved in many other processes, from T-cell activation to reproduction. It is also referred to as a pathogen magnet, because it is used as a receptor by multiple bacteria and viruses. Bovine CD46 (bovCD46) in particular is involved in bovine viral diarrhoea virus entry, an economically important disease in cattle industries. This study presents the X-ray crystallographic structure of the extracellular region of bovCD46, revealing a four-short-consensus-repeat (SCR) structure similar to that in human CD46. SCR1-3 are arranged linearly, while SCR 4 has a reduced interface angle, resulting in a hockey stick-like appearance. The structure also reveals the bovine viral diarrhoea virus interaction site in SCR1, which is likely to confer pestivirus specificity for their target host, CD46. Insights gained from the structural information on pestivirus receptors, such as CD46, could offer valuable guidance for future control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Aitkenhead
- Diamond Light Source (United Kingdom), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX110DE, UK;
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37BN, UK
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot OX110FA, UK
| | - David I. Stuart
- Diamond Light Source (United Kingdom), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX110DE, UK;
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37BN, UK
| | - Kamel El Omari
- Diamond Light Source (United Kingdom), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX110DE, UK;
- The Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot OX110FA, UK
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17
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Yusni R, Mariya S, Saepuloh U, Mariya SS, Darusman HS. Kidney cell culture Macaca fascicularis as a candidate for vaccine development and in vitro model. J Med Primatol 2023. [PMID: 37296521 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell culture is the proliferation of a cell population in vitro by isolating from the original tissue or growing from existing ones. One essential source is the monkey kidney cell cultures which have an essential role in biomedical study. This is due to the significant homology between the human and macaque genomes making these useful for cultivating human viruses, especially enteroviruses, and growing vaccines. METHODS This study developed cell cultures derived from the kidney of Macaca fascicularis (Mf) and validated its gene expression. RESULTS The primary cultures were successfully subcultured up to six passages, grew as monolayers, and exhibited epithelial-like morphology. The cultured cells remained heterogeneous in phenotype and they expressed CD155 and CD46 as viral receptors, cell morphology (CD24, endosialin, and vWF), proliferation, also apoptosis markers (Ki67 and p53). CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the cell cultures can be used as in vitro model cells for vaccine development and bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Yusni
- Biotechnology Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Silmi Mariya
- Primate Research Center Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Uus Saepuloh
- Primate Research Center Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sela S Mariya
- Primate Research Center Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Cibinong Sciences center, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Huda S Darusman
- Biotechnology Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Primate Research Center Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Primatology Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
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18
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Workman AM, Heaton MP, Vander Ley BL, Webster DA, Sherry L, Bostrom JR, Larson S, Kalbfleisch TS, Harhay GP, Jobman EE, Carlson DF, Sonstegard TS. First gene-edited calf with reduced susceptibility to a major viral pathogen. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad125. [PMID: 37181049 PMCID: PMC10167990 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important viruses affecting the health and well-being of bovine species throughout the world. Here, we used CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair and somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce a live calf with a six amino acid substitution in the BVDV binding domain of bovine CD46. The result was a gene-edited calf with dramatically reduced susceptibility to infection as measured by reduced clinical signs and the lack of viral infection in white blood cells. The edited calf has no off-target edits and appears normal and healthy at 20 months of age without obvious adverse effects from the on-target edit. This precision bred, proof-of-concept animal provides the first evidence that intentional genome alterations in the CD46 gene may reduce the burden of BVDV-associated diseases in cattle and is consistent with our stepwise, in vitro and ex vivo experiments with cell lines and matched fetal clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen M Workman
- US Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 844 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Michael P Heaton
- US Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 844 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Brian L Vander Ley
- Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 820 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Dennis A Webster
- Recombinetics Inc., 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN 55121, USA
| | - Luke Sherry
- Recombinetics Inc., 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN 55121, USA
| | | | - Sabreena Larson
- Acceligen Inc., 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN 55121, USA
| | - Theodore S Kalbfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Rd Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Gregory P Harhay
- US Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 844 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Erin E Jobman
- Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 820 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Daniel F Carlson
- Recombinetics Inc., 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN 55121, USA
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19
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West EE, Kemper C. Complosome - the intracellular complement system. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023:10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1. [PMID: 37055581 PMCID: PMC10100629 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a recognized pillar of host defence against infection and noxious self-derived antigens. Complement is traditionally known as a serum-effective system, whereby the liver expresses and secretes most complement components, which participate in the detection of bloodborne pathogens and drive an inflammatory reaction to safely remove the microbial or antigenic threat. However, perturbations in normal complement function can cause severe disease and, for reasons that are currently not fully understood, the kidney is particularly vulnerable to dysregulated complement activity. Novel insights into complement biology have identified cell-autonomous and intracellularly active complement - the complosome - as an unexpected central orchestrator of normal cell physiology. For example, the complosome controls mitochondrial activity, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, cell survival and gene regulation in innate and adaptive immune cells, and in non-immune cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. These unanticipated complosome contributions to basic cell physiological pathways make it a novel and central player in the control of cell homeostasis and effector responses. This discovery, together with the realization that an increasing number of human diseases involve complement perturbations, has renewed interest in the complement system and its therapeutic targeting. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the complosome across healthy cells and tissues, highlight contributions from dysregulated complosome activities to human disease and discuss potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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20
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Xiao F, Guo J, Tomlinson S, Yuan G, He S. The role of the complosome in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146167. [PMID: 36969185 PMCID: PMC10036758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is one of the immune system's oldest defense mechanisms and is historically regarded as a liver-derived and serum-active innate immune system that 'complements' cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses against pathogens. However, the complement system is now recognized as a central component of both innate and adaptive immunity at both the systemic and local tissue levels. More findings have uncovered novel activities of an intracellularly active complement system-the complosome-that have shifted established functional paradigms in the field. The complosome has been shown to play a critical function in regulating T cell responses, cell physiology (such as metabolism), inflammatory disease processes, and cancer, which has amply proved its immense research potential and informed us that there is still much to learn about this system. Here, we summarize current understanding and discuss the emerging roles of the complosome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jixu Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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21
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Chen Z, Krishnamachary B, Mironchik Y, Ray Banerjee S, Pomper MG, Bhujwalla ZM. PSMA-specific degradable dextran for multiplexed immunotargeted siRNA therapeutics against prostate cancer. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14014-14022. [PMID: 36093754 PMCID: PMC9844541 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is ideal for gene silencing through a sequence-specific RNA interference process. The redundancy and complexity of molecular pathways in cancer create a need for multiplexed targeting that can be achieved with multiplexed siRNA delivery. Here, we delivered multiplexed siRNA with a PSMA-targeted biocompatible dextran nanocarrier to downregulate CD46 and PD-L1 in PSMA expressing prostate cancer cells. The selected gene targets, PD-L1 and CD46, play important roles in the escape of cancer cells from immune surveillance. PSMA, abundantly expressed by prostate cancer cells, allowed the prostate cancer-specific delivery of the nanocarrier. The nanocarrier was modified with acid cleavable acetal bonds for a rapid release of siRNA. Cell imaging and flow cytometry studies confirmed the PSMA-specific delivery of CD46 and PD-L1 siRNA to high PSMA expressing PC-3 PIP cells. Immunoblot, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry methods confirmed the downregulation of CD46 and PD-L1 following treatment with multiplexed siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Chen
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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22
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Schack VR, Herlin MK, Pedersen H, Jensen JMB, Færch M, Bundgaard B, Jensen RK, Jensen UB, Christensen R, Andersen GR, Thiel S, Höllsberg P. Novel homozygous CD46 variant with C-isoform expression affects C3b inactivation in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1610-1619. [PMID: 35987516 PMCID: PMC9804674 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy that may lead to organ failure. Dysregulation of the complement system can cause aHUS, and various disease-related variants in the complement regulatory protein CD46 are described. We here report a pediatric patient with aHUS carrying a hitherto unreported homozygous variant in CD46 (NM_172359.3:c.602C>T p.(Ser201Leu)). In our functional analyses, this variant caused complement dysregulation through three separate mechanisms. First, CD46 surface expression on the patient's blood cells was significantly reduced. Second, stably expressing CD46(Ser201Leu) cells bound markedly less to patterns of C3b than CD46 WT cells. Third, the patient predominantly expressed the rare isoforms of CD46 (C dominated) instead of the more common isoforms (BC dominated). Using BC1 and C1 expressing cell lines, we found that the C1 isoform bound markedly less C3b than the BC1 isoform. These results highlight the coexistence of multiple mechanisms that may act synergistically to disrupt CD46 function during aHUS development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten K. Herlin
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Henrik Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - J. Magnus Bernth Jensen
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark,Department of Molecular MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Mia Færch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | | | - Rasmus K. Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Uffe B. Jensen
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Rikke Christensen
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Gregers R. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Per Höllsberg
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
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23
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Ex Vivo and In Vivo CD46 Receptor Utilization by Species D Human Adenovirus Serotype 26 (HAdV26). J Virol 2022; 96:e0082621. [PMID: 34787457 PMCID: PMC8826919 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00826-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) is used as a gene-based vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and HIV-1. However, its primary receptor portfolio remains controversial, potentially including sialic acid, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), integrins, and CD46. We and others have shown that Ad26 can use CD46, but these observations were questioned on the basis of the inability to cocrystallize Ad26 fiber with CD46. Recent work demonstrated that Ad26 binds CD46 with its hexon protein rather than its fiber. We examined the functional consequences of Ad26 for infection in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of human CD46 on Chinese hamster ovary cells increased Ad26 infection significantly. Deletion of the complement control protein domain CCP1 or CCP2 or the serine-threonine-proline (STP) region of CD46 reduced infection. Comparing wild-type and sialic acid-deficient CHO cells, we show that the usage of CD46 is independent of its sialylation status. Ad26 transduction was increased in CD46 transgenic mice after intramuscular (i.m.) injection but not after intranasal (i.n.) administration. Ad26 transduction was 10-fold lower than Ad5 transduction after intratumoral (i.t.) injection of CD46-expressing tumors. Ad26 transduction of liver was 1,000-fold lower than that ofAd5 after intravenous (i.v.) injection. These data demonstrate the use of CD46 by Ad26 in certain situations but also show that the receptor has little consequence by other routes of administration. Finally, i.v. injection of high doses of Ad26 into CD46 mice induced release of liver enzymes into the bloodstream and reduced white blood cell counts but did not induce thrombocytopenia. This suggests that Ad26 virions do not induce direct clotting side effects seen during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with this serotype of adenovirus. IMPORTANCE The human species D Ad26 is being investigated as a low-seroprevalence vector for oncolytic virotherapy and gene-based vaccination against HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. However, there is debate in the literature about its tropism and receptor utilization, which directly influence its efficiency for certain applications. This work was aimed at determining which receptor(s) this virus uses for infection and its role in virus biology, vaccine efficacy, and, importantly, vaccine safety.
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24
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Tong T, Zhang J, Zhu X, Hui P, Wang Z, Wu Q, Tang J, Chen H, Tian X. Prognostic Autophagy-Related Model Revealed by Integrating Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data and Bulk Gene Profiles in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:729485. [PMID: 35083210 PMCID: PMC8785981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been associated with tumor progression, prognosis, and treatment response. However, an autophagy-related model and their clinical significance have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, through the integrative analysis of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing, an autophagy-related risk model was identified. The model was capable of distinguishing the worse prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC), which was validated in TCGA and two independent Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts utilizing the survival analysis, and was also independent of other clinical covariates evaluated by multivariable Cox regression. The clinical value of this model was further assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and nomogram analysis. Investigation of single-cell RNA sequencing uncovered that this model might act as an indicator of the dysfunctional characteristics of T cells in the high-risk group. Moreover, the high-risk group exhibited the lower expression of immune checkpoint markers (PDCD1 and CTLA4) than the low-risk group, which indicated the potential predictive power to the current immunotherapy response in patients with GC. In conclusion, this autophagy-associated risk model may be a useful tool for prognostic evaluation and will facilitate the potential application of this model as an indicator of the predictive immune checkpoint biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pingping Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Luwan Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianglong Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Abstract
CD46 is a receptor for human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) and is in some cells also important for infection with HHV-6B. CD46 has several isoforms of which the most commonly expressed can be distinguished by expression of a BC domain or a C domain in a serine-threonine-proline rich (STP) extracellular region. Using a SupT1 CD46 CRISPR-Cas9 knockout model system reconstituted with specific CD46 isoforms, we demonstrated that HHV-6A infection was more efficient when BC-isoforms were expressed as opposed to C-isoforms, measured by higher levels of intracellular viral transcripts and recovery of more progeny virus. Although the B domain contains several O-glycosylations, mutations of Ser and Thr residues did not prevent infection with HHV-6A. The HHV-6A infection was blocked by inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In contrast, infection with HHV-6B was preferentially promoted by C-isoforms mediating fusion-from-without, and this infection was less affected by inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Taken together, HHV-6A preferred BC isoforms, mediating endocytosis, whereas HHV-6B preferred C isoforms, mediating fusion-from-without. This demonstrates that the STP region of CD46 is important for regulating the mode of infection in SupT1 cells and suggests an epigenetic regulation of the host susceptibility to HHV-6A and HHV-6B infection. Importance CD46 is the receptor used by human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) during infection of T cells, but it is also involved in infection of certain T cells by HHV-6B. The gene for CD46 allows expression of several variants of CD46, known as isoforms, but whether the isoforms matter for infection of T cells is unknown. We used a genetic approach to delete CD46 from T cells and reconstituted them with separate isoforms to study these individually. We expressed the isoforms known as BC and C, which are distinguished by the potential inclusion of a B domain in the CD46 molecule. We demonstrate that HHV-6A prefers the BC isoform to infect T cells, and this occurs predominantly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In contrast, HHV-6B prefers the C isoform and infects predominantly by fusion-from-without. Thus, CD46 isoforms may affect susceptibility of T cells to infection with HHV-6A and HHV-6B.
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26
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CD46 Genetic Variability and HIV-1 Infection Susceptibility. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113094. [PMID: 34831317 PMCID: PMC8622916 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD46 is the main receptor for complement protein C3 and plays an important role in adaptive immune responses. CD46 genetic variants are associated with susceptibility to several infectious and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, CD46 function can be subverted by HIV-1 to evade attack by complement, a strategy shared by viruses of other families. We sought to determine the association between CD46 gene variants and HIV-1 acquired through intravenous drug use (IDU) and sexual routes (n = 823). Study subjects were of European ancestry and were HIV-1 infected (n = 438) or exposed but seronegative (n = 387). Genotyping of the rs2796265 SNP located in the CD46 gene region was done by allele-specific real-time PCR. A meta-analysis merging IDU and sexual cohorts indicates that the minor genotype (CC) was associated with increased resistance to HIV-1 infection OR = 0.2, 95% CI (0.07–0.61), p = 0.004. The HIV-1-protective genotype is correlated with reduced CD46 expression and alterations in the ratio of CD46 mRNA splicing isoforms.
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27
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Su HC, Casanova JL. Editorial overview: Human inborn errors of immunity to infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:iii-v. [PMID: 34742535 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
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