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Negi N, Selvamani SB, Ramasamy GG, Nagarjuna Reddy KV, Pathak J, Thiruvengadam V, Mohan M, Dubey VK, Sushil SN. Identification and expression dynamics of CYPome across different developmental stages of Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101305. [PMID: 39128380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Maconellicoccus hirsutus is a highly polyphagous insect pest, posing a substantial threat to various crop sp., especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. While extensive physiological and biological studies have been conducted on this pest, the lack of genetic information has hindered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth, development, and xenobiotic metabolism. The Cytochrome P450 gene, a member of the CYP gene superfamily ubiquitous in living organisms is associated with growth, development, and the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous substances, contributing to the insect's adaptability in diverse environments. To elucidate the specific role of the CYP450 gene family in M. hirsutus which has remained largely unexplored, a de novo transcriptome assembly of the pink mealybug was constructed. A total of 120 proteins were annotated as CYP450 genes through homology search of the predicted protein sequences across different databases. Phylogenetic studies resulted in categorizing 120 CYP450 genes into four CYP clans. A total of 22 CYP450 families and 30 subfamilies were categorized, with CYP6 forming the dominant family. The study also revealed five genes (Halloween genes) associated with the insect hormone biosynthesis pathway. Further, the expression of ten selected CYP450 genes was studied using qRT-PCR across crawler, nymph, and adult stages, and identified genes that were expressed at specific stages of the insects. Thus, the findings of this study reveal the expression dynamics and possible function of the CYP450 gene family in the growth, development, and adaptive strategies of M. hirsutus which can be further functionally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Negi
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India; Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492012, India. https://twitter.com/NegiNikita92892
| | - Selva Babu Selvamani
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India. https://twitter.com/MithranSelva
| | - Gandhi Gracy Ramasamy
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India.
| | - K V Nagarjuna Reddy
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India; Department of Entomology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab - 144411, India. https://twitter.com/arjun06001332
| | - Jyoti Pathak
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India
| | - Venkatesan Thiruvengadam
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India
| | - Muthugounder Mohan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Dubey
- Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492012, India
| | - Satya N Sushil
- ICAR - National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560024, India
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Wu G, Wu C, Dewer Y, Li P, Hao B, Zang L, Li F. Comparative genomics reveals evolutionary drivers of the dietary shift in Hemiptera. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 114:41-48. [PMID: 38098270 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hemiptera insects exhibit a close relationship to plants and demonstrate a diverse range of dietary preferences, encompassing phytophagy as the predominant feeding habit while a minority engages in carnivorous or haematophagous behaviour. To counteract the challenges posed by phytophagous insects, plants have developed an array of toxic compounds, causing significant evolutionary selection pressure on these insects. In this study, we employed a comparative genomics approach to analyse the expansion and contraction of gene families specific to phytophagous insect lineages, along with their adaptive evolutionary traits, utilising representative species from the Hemiptera order. Our investigation revealed substantial expansions of gene families within the phytophagous lineages, especially in the Pentatomomorpha branch represented by Oncopeltus fasciatus and Riptortus pedestris. Notably, these expansions of gene families encoding enzymes are potentially involved in hemipteran-plant interactions. Moreover, the adaptive evolutionary analysis of these lineages revealed a higher prevalence of adaptively evolved genes in the Pentatomomorpha branch. The observed branch-specific gene expansions and adaptive evolution likely contribute significantly to the diversification of species within Hemiptera. These results help enhance our understanding of the genomic characteristics of the evolution of different feeding habits in hemipteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Peiyao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Baojun Hao
- School of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Guizhou 556000, China
| | - Liansheng Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fengqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Quijano-Barraza JM, Zúñiga G, Cano-Ramírez C, López MF, Ramírez-Salinas GL, Becerril M. Evolution and functional role prediction of the CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies in Dendroctonus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) bark beetles. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1274838. [PMID: 37877122 PMCID: PMC10593416 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1274838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendroctonus-bark beetles are natural components and key ecological agents of coniferous forests. They spend most of their lives under the bark, where they are exposed to highly toxic terpenes present in the oleoresin. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a multigene family involved in the detoxification of these compounds. It has been demonstrated that CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies hydroxylate monoterpenes, whose derivatives can act as pheromone synergist compounds or be pheromones themselves in these insects. Given the diversity and functional role of CYPs, we investigated whether these cytochromes have retained their function throughout the evolution of these insects. To test this hypothesis, we performed a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to determine phylogenetic subgroups of cytochromes in these subfamilies. Subgroups were mapped and reconciled with the Dendroctonus phylogeny. Molecular docking analyses were performed with the cytochromes of each subgroup and enantiomers of α-pinene and β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, β-myrcene and R-(+)-limonene. In addition, functional divergence analysis was performed to identify critical amino acid sites that influence changes in catalytic site conformation and/or protein folding. Three and two phylogenetic subgroups were recovered for the CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies, respectively. Mapping and reconciliation analysis showed different gain and loss patterns for cytochromes of each subgroup. Functional predictions indicated that the cytochromes analyzed are able to hydroxylate all monoterpenes; however, they showed preferential affinities to different monoterpenes. Functional divergence analyses indicated that the CYP6DE subfamily has experimented type I and II divergence, whereas the CYP6DJ subfamily has evolved under strong functional constraints. Results suggest cytochromes of the CYP6DE subfamily evolve to reinforce their detoxifying capacity hydroxylating mainly α- and β-pinene to (+) and (-)-trans-verbenol, being the negative enantiomer used as a pheromone by several Dendroctonus species; whereas cytochromes of the CYP6DJ subfamily appear to retain their original function related to the detoxification of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Manuel Quijano-Barraza
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gema L. Ramírez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Diseño de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises Becerril
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
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Catto MA, Labadie PE, Jacobson AL, Kennedy GG, Srinivasan R, Hunt BG. Pest status, molecular evolution, and epigenetic factors derived from the genome assembly of Frankliniella fusca, a thysanopteran phytovirus vector. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:343. [PMID: 37344773 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca Hinds; family Thripidae; order Thysanoptera) is an important pest that can transmit viruses such as the tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus to numerous economically important agricultural row crops and vegetables. The structural and functional genomics within the order Thysanoptera has only begun to be explored. Within the > 7000 known thysanopteran species, the melon thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) and the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergrande) are the only two thysanopteran species with assembled genomes. RESULTS A genome of F. fusca was assembled by long-read sequencing of DNA from an inbred line. The final assembly size was 370 Mb with a single copy ortholog completeness of ~ 99% with respect to Insecta. The annotated genome of F. fusca was compared with the genome of its congener, F. occidentalis. Results revealed many instances of lineage-specific differences in gene content. Analyses of sequence divergence between the two Frankliniella species' genomes revealed substitution patterns consistent with positive selection in ~ 5% of the protein-coding genes with 1:1 orthologs. Further, gene content related to its pest status, such as xenobiotic detoxification and response to an ambisense-tripartite RNA virus (orthotospovirus) infection was compared with F. occidentalis. Several F. fusca genes related to virus infection possessed signatures of positive selection. Estimation of CpG depletion, a mutational consequence of DNA methylation, revealed that F. fusca genes that were downregulated and alternatively spliced in response to virus infection were preferentially targeted by DNA methylation. As in many other insects, DNA methylation was enriched in exons in Frankliniella, but gene copies with homology to DNA methyltransferase 3 were numerous and fragmented. This phenomenon seems to be relatively unique to thrips among other insect groups. CONCLUSIONS The F. fusca genome assembly provides an important resource for comparative genomic analyses of thysanopterans. This genomic foundation allows for insights into molecular evolution, gene regulation, and loci important to agricultural pest status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Catto
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Paul E Labadie
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Alana L Jacobson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University College of Agriculture, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - George G Kennedy
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | | | - Brendan G Hunt
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, 30223, USA.
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Haas J, Beck E, Troczka BJ, Hayward A, Hertlein G, Zaworra M, Lueke B, Buer B, Maiwald F, Beck ME, Nebelsiek B, Glaubitz J, Bass C, Nauen R. A conserved hymenopteran-specific family of cytochrome P450s protects bee pollinators from toxic nectar alkaloids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0885. [PMID: 37043574 PMCID: PMC10096648 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many plants produce chemical defense compounds as protection against antagonistic herbivores. However, how beneficial insects such as pollinators deal with the presence of these potentially toxic chemicals in nectar and pollen is poorly understood. Here, we characterize a conserved mechanism of plant secondary metabolite detoxification in the Hymenoptera, an order that contains numerous highly beneficial insects. Using phylogenetic and functional approaches, we show that the CYP336 family of cytochrome P450 enzymes detoxifies alkaloids, a group of potent natural insecticides, in honeybees and other hymenopteran species that diverged over 281 million years. We linked this function to an aspartic acid residue within the main access channel of CYP336 enzymes that is highly conserved within this P450 family. Together, these results provide detailed insights into the evolution of P450s as a key component of detoxification systems in hymenopteran species and reveal the molecular basis of adaptations arising from interactions between plants and beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Haas
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Elena Beck
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej J. Troczka
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Angela Hayward
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Gillian Hertlein
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Marion Zaworra
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Bettina Lueke
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Benjamin Buer
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Frank Maiwald
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Michael E. Beck
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Birgit Nebelsiek
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Glaubitz
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
| | - Chris Bass
- College for Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany
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Zhang C, Wang X, Tai S, Qi L, Yu X, Dai W. Transcription factor CncC potentially regulates cytochrome P450 CYP321A1-mediated flavone tolerance in Helicoverpa armigera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105360. [PMID: 36963951 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insect P450s play crucial roles in metabolizing insecticides and toxic plant allelochemicals. In this study, our results demonstrate that Helicoverpa armigera can adapt to a lower concentration of flavone (a flavonoid phytochemical), and P450 activities and CYP321A1 transcript levels significantly increase after exposure to flavone. RNAi-mediated knockdown of CYP321A1 significantly reduced the tolerance of H. armigera larvae to flavone. In addition, the regulatory mechanisms driving CYP321A1 induction following exposure to flavone were investigated. Flavone exposure significantly increased H2O2 generation in the larval midgut. The mRNA levels of HaCncC and HaMaf-s significantly increased in the midgut of H. armigera after exposure to flavone. Knockdown of HaCncC significantly inhibited expression of flavone-induced CYP321A1 and resulted in a decrease in flavone induction of CYP321A1. HaCncC knockdown significantly reduced the tolerance of H. armigera larvae to flavone. Taken together, these results indicate that HaCncC regulates expression of the CYP321A1 gene responsible for flavone tolerance in H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shulei Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Gao S, Guo X, Liu S, Li S, Zhang J, Xue S, Tang Q, Zhang K, Li R. Cytochrome P450 gene CYP6BQ8 mediates terpinen-4-ol susceptibility in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:271-281. [PMID: 36636814 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) in insects can encode various detoxification enzymes and catabolize heterologous substances, conferring tolerance to insecticides. This study describes the identification of a P450 gene (CYP6BQ8) from Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and investigation of its spatiotemporal expression profile and potential role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol, a component of plant essential oils. The developmental expression profile showed that TcCYP6BQ8 expression was relatively higher in early- and late-larval stages of T. castaneum compared with other developmental stages. Tissue expression profiles showed that TcCYP6BQ8 was mainly expressed in the head and integument of both larvae and adults. The expression profiling of TcCYP6BQ8 in developmental stages and tissues is closely related to the detoxification of heterologous substances. TcCYP6BQ8 expression was significantly induced after exposure to terpinen-4-ol, and RNA interference against TcCYP6BQ8 increased terpinen-4-ol-induced larval mortality from 47.78 to 66.67%. This indicates that TcCYP6BQ8 may be involved in T. castaneum's metabolism of terpinen-4-ol. Correlation investigation between the CYP6BQ8 gene and terpinen-4-ol resistance in T. castaneum revealed that the TcCYP6BQ8 gene was one of the factors behind T. castaneum's resistance to terpinen-4-ol. This discovery may provide a new theoretical foundation for future regulation of T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xinlong Guo
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Shumei Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Siying Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Shuang Xue
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Qingbo Tang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
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Shelomi M. Cytochrome P450 Genes Expressed in Phasmatodea Midguts. INSECTS 2022; 13:873. [PMID: 36292821 PMCID: PMC9603955 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are xenobiotic detoxification genes found in most eukaryotes, and linked in insects to the tolerance of plant secondary chemicals and insecticide resistance. The number and diversity of CYP clans, families, and subfamilies that an organism produces could correlate with its dietary breadth or specialization. This study examined the CYP diversity expressed in the midguts of six species of folivorous stick insects (Phasmatodea), to identify their CYP complement and see if any CYPs correlate with diet toxicity or specialization, and see what factors influenced their evolution in this insect order. CYP genes were mined from six published Phasmatodea transcriptomes and analyzed phylogenetically. The Phasmatodea CYP complement resembles that of other insects, though with relatively low numbers, and with significant expansions in the CYP clades 6J1, 6A13/14, 4C1, and 15A1. The CYP6 group is known to be the dominant CYP family in insects, but most insects have no more than one CYP15 gene, so the function of the multiple CYP15A1 genes in Phasmatodea is unknown, with neofunctionalization following gene duplication hypothesized. No correlation was found between CYPs and diet specialization or toxicity, with some CYP clades expanding within the Phasmatodea and others likely inherited from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Shelomi
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Shi Y, Sun S, Zhang Y, He Y, Du M, ÓReilly AO, Wu S, Yang Y, Wu Y. Single amino acid variations drive functional divergence of cytochrome P450s in Helicoverpa species. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 146:103796. [PMID: 35636594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Divergence of gene function is a hallmark of evolution, but assessing such divergence in one species or between species requires information on functional alterations of the alleles and homologs. Here, we explore the functional divergence of two paralogs, CYP6AE19 and CYP6AE20, from Helicoverpa armigera, and two close orthologs, CYP6B8 and CYP6B7, from two related species (Helicoverpa zea and H. armigera); although there is high sequence identity within each pair of enzymes, the latter P450 of each pair has lost metabolic competence towards the plant allelochemical xanthotoxin. Multiple chimeric and single/double site mutants were created by exchanging the diverse substrate recognition sites (SRSs) and amino acids within each pair of P450s. Heterologous expression in Sf9 cells and in vitro metabolism studies showed that the exchange of SRS4 swapped the activity of CYP6AE19 and CYP6AE20, and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the CYP6AE20 V318M substitution causes a gain-of-function towards xanthotoxin. Meanwhile, a single amino acid substitution (L489P) in SRS6 was found to swap activity between the CYP6B orthologs. Sequence alignments of CYP6AE paralogs and all reported insect xanthotoxin-metabolizing P450s suggest M318 and P489 are essential for the catalytic activities of CYP6AE paralogs and CYP6B orthologs, respectively, but P450s in different subfamilies may have different mechanisms towards the same substrate. Our findings demonstrate that a single amino acid substitution can suffice to alter substrate metabolism and this functional divergence resulting from natural mutations will help to further our understanding of the process of natural selection of P450 genes and their role in insect-host plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shuo Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yujun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yingshi He
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Minghong Du
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Andrias O ÓReilly
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Shuwen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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10
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Liu B, Xie Y, Yin H, Zhou Z, Liu Q. Identification and Defensive Characterization of PmCYP720B11v2 from Pinus massoniana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6640. [PMID: 35743081 PMCID: PMC9223603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinus massoniana is a pioneer species for afforestation timber and oleoresin, while epidemics of pinewood nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) are causing a serious biotic disaster for P. massoniana in China. Importantly, resistant P. massoniana could leak copious oleoresin terpenoids to build particular defense fronts for survival when attacked by PWN. However, the defense mechanisms regulating this process remain unknown. Here, PmCYP720B11v2, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, was first identified and functionally characterized from resistant P. massoniana following PWN inoculation. The tissue-specific expression pattern and localization of PmCYP720B11v2 at the transcript and protein levels in resistant P. massoniana indicated that its upregulation in the stem supported its involvement in the metabolic processes of diterpene biosynthesis as a positive part of the defense against PWN attack. Furthermore, overexpression of PmCYP720B11v2 may enhance the growth and development of plants. In addition, PmCYP720B11v2 activated the metabolic flux of antioxidases and stress-responsive proteins under drought conditions and improved drought stress tolerance. Our results provide new insights into the favorable role of PmCYP720B11v2 in diterpene defense mechanisms in response to PWN attack in resistant P. massoniana and provide a novel metabolic engineering scenario to reform the stress tolerance potential of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (B.L.); (Y.X.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yini Xie
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (B.L.); (Y.X.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Huanhuan Yin
- Zhengzhou Botanical Garden, Zhengzhou 450007, China;
| | - Zhichun Zhou
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (B.L.); (Y.X.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China; (B.L.); (Y.X.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
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11
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Gao S, Liu K, Liu H, Yin S, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Li R. Functional analysis of a cytochrome P450 gene CYP9Z6 responding to terpinen-4-ol in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105065. [PMID: 35430067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum is an agricultural and stored pest found throughout the world. The cytochrome P450 genes of T. castaneum can encode various detoxification enzymes and catabolize heterologous substances, conferring tolerance to insecticides. Herein, we describe the identification of a P450 gene (CYP9Z6) from T. castaneum and investigated its expression profile and potential role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol. TcCYP9Z6 expression was significantly induced after exposure to terpinen-4-ol, and RNA-mediated silencing of TcCYP9Z6 increased terpinen-4-ol-induced larval mortality from 47.75% to 63.92%, showing that TcCYP9Z6 is closely related to the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol. The developmental expression profile revealed that TcCYP9Z6 was mainly expressed in late adults and late larvae. Tissue expression profiling revealed that the highest TcCYP9Z6 expression occurred in the head, in both the adult and the larval tissues, followed by the gut in larvae and the antennae in adults. These developmental stages and tissues with high TcCYP9Z6 expression are closely related to the detoxification of heterologous substances. These results indicated that TcCYP9Z6 may play a pivotal role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol, which provides support for using TcCYP9Z6 a potential gene for the RNAi-mediated prevention and control of T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Se Yin
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xinlong Guo
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
| | - Ruimin Li
- Department of Food and Bioengineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
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12
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Jongepier E, Séguret A, Labutin A, Feldmeyer B, Gstöttl C, Foitzik S, Heinze J, Bornberg-Bauer E. Convergent Loss of Chemoreceptors across Independent Origins of Slave-Making in Ants. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:msab305. [PMID: 34668533 PMCID: PMC8760941 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of an obligate parasitic lifestyle often leads to the reduction of morphological and physiological traits, which may be accompanied by loss of genes and functions. Slave-making ants are social parasites that exploit the work force of closely related ant species for social behaviors such as brood care and foraging. Recent divergence between these social parasites and their hosts enables comparative studies of gene family evolution. We sequenced the genomes of eight ant species, representing three independent origins of ant slavery. During the evolution of eusociality, chemoreceptor genes multiplied due to the importance of chemical communication in insect societies. We investigated the evolutionary fate of these chemoreceptors and found that slave-making ant genomes harbored only half as many gustatory receptors as their hosts', potentially mirroring the outsourcing of foraging tasks to host workers. In addition, parasites had fewer odorant receptors and their loss shows striking patterns of convergence across independent origins of parasitism, in particular in orthologs often implicated in sociality like the 9-exon odorant receptors. These convergent losses represent a rare case of convergent molecular evolution at the level of individual genes. Thus, evolution can operate in a way that is both repeatable and reversible when independent ant lineages lose important social traits during the transition to a parasitic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Jongepier
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Séguret
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Anton Labutin
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Molecular Ecology Group, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Gstöttl
- Institute for Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Foitzik
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heinze
- Institute for Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erich Bornberg-Bauer
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
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13
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Hafeez M, Li X, Chen L, Ullah F, Huang J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Siddiqui JA, Zhou SX, Ren XY, Imran M, Assiri MA, Lou Y, Lu Y. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification CYP302A1 gene involved in host plant adaptation in Spodoptera frugieprda. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1079442. [PMID: 36762173 PMCID: PMC9906809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1079442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is a destructive and polyphagous pest of many essential food crops including maize and rice. The FAW is hard to manage, control, or eradicate, due to its polyphagous nature and voracity of feeding. Here, we report the characterization and functional analysis of the detoxification gene CYP302A1 and how S. frugieprda larvae use a detoxification mechanism to adapt host plants. Results demonstrated that CYP302A1 expression levels were much higher in midgut tissue and the older S. frugiperda larvae. Our current studies revealed the enhanced P450 activity in the midguts of S. frugiperda larvae after exposure to rice plants as compared to corn plants and an artificial diet. Furthermore, higher mortality was observed in PBO treated larvae followed by the exposure of rice plants as compared to the corn plant. The dsRNA-fed larvae showed downregulation of CYP302A1 gene in the midgut. At the same time, higher mortality, reduced larval weight and shorter developmental time was observed in the dsRNA-fed larvae followed by the exposure of rice plant as compared to the corn plant and DEPC-water treated plants as a control. These results concluded that the inducible P450 enzyme system and related genes could provide herbivores with an ecological opportunity to adapt to diverse host plants by utilizing secondary compounds present in their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Limin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Integrated Plant Protection Center, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shu-xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-yun Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggen Lou, ; Yaobin Lu,
| | - Yaobin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggen Lou, ; Yaobin Lu,
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Fang Y, Jiang J, Du Q, Luo L, Li X, Xie X. Cytochrome P450 Superfamily: Evolutionary and Functional Divergence in Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor) Stress Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10952-10961. [PMID: 34495670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes encode enzymes that catalyze various growth-, development-, and stress-related reactions. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a type of C4 plant and an important cash crop. However, systematic identification and analysis of functional differentiation and evolution of CYP genes have not been carried out in this species. In the present study, we revealed that the sorghum genome contains 351 CYP genes, which can be divided into nine classes. These genes are from ancestors and repeated segments, rather than tandem repeats. Based on collinearity results, a large number of CYPs were extended before cotyledon differentiation, during the emergence of Gramineae, suggesting that genomewide duplication events and stress adaptation processes were important for the expansion of CYP genes. Their gene structure and motifs contain conserved regions and include various changes and loci. The expression characteristics and functional annotation of CYP genes indicated tissue specificity and selective expression. Overall, we identified all CYP genes in the sorghum genome and preliminarily explored their naming, structure, evolution, expression, and functional differentiation. The results advanced our understanding of plant gene family evolution and functional differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Junmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoli Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Liting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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