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Santos AFM, Gradišek A, Apih T, Sebastião PJ, Dionísio M, Branco LC, Figueirinhas JL, Godinho MH. Lyotropic Aqueous 2-Picolinium Ionic Liquid Crystals and Their Shear-Induced Foams. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39153215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
1-Dodecyl-2-methylpyridinium bromide ([C12-2-Pic][Br]) and 1-hexadecyl-2-methylpyridinium bromide ([C16-2-Pic][Br]) are two ionic liquid crystals presenting thermotropic smectic phases above 80 °C. Aiming to take advantage of the liquid crystalline properties at lower temperatures, lyotropic aqueous systems were prepared from these two organic salts. Both systems were characterized by polarized optical microscopy (POM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and fast field cycling nuclear magnetic resonance (FFC-NMR) relaxometry to assess their texture, phase structure, and molecular dynamics, respectively. The mesomorphic behavior was induced at room temperature. Moreover, the lyotropic [C12-2-Pic][Br]aq revealed a smectic phase with higher separation between layers, different from the lamellar phases found in the thermotropic system (S1 and SA), which is thermally stable up to 50 °C. Furthermore, the surfactant nature of the ionic liquids diluted solutions investigated in this work allowed the formation of foams. It was found that the precursor solutions of the lyotropic dilutions with the longest alkyl chain ([C16-2-Pic][Br]aq) originated liquid foams with more stable structures than those of [C12-2-Pic][Br]aq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia F M Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Anton Gradišek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Apih
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pedro J Sebastião
- CeFEMA and Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena Dionísio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luis C Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João L Figueirinhas
- CeFEMA and Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria H Godinho
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Grunwald MA, Hagenlocher SE, Turkanovic L, Bauch SM, Wachsmann SB, Altevogt LA, Ebert M, Knöller JA, Raab AR, Schulz F, Kolmangadi MA, Zens A, Huber P, Schönhals A, Bilitiewski U, Laschat S. Does thermotropic liquid crystalline self-assembly control biological activity in amphiphilic amino acids? - tyrosine ILCs as a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37366119 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00485f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic amino acids represent promising scaffolds for biologically active soft matter. In order to understand the bulk self-assembly of amphiphilic amino acids into thermotropic liquid crystalline phases and their biological properties a series of tyrosine ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) was synthesized, carrying a benzoate unit with 0-3 alkoxy chains at the tyrosine unit and a cationic guanidinium head group. Investigation of the mesomorphic properties by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (WAXS, SAXS) revealed smectic A bilayers (SmAd) for ILCs with 4-alkoxy- and 3,4-dialkoxybenzoates, whereas ILCs with 3,4,5-trisalkoxybenzoates showed hexagonal columnar mesophases (Colh), while different counterions had only a minor influence. Dielectric measurements revealed a slightly higher dipole moment of non-mesomorphic tyrosine-benzoates as compared to their mesomorphic counterparts. The absence of lipophilic side chains on the benzoate unit was important for the biological activity. Thus, non-mesomorphic tyrosine benzoates and crown ether benzoates devoid of additional side chains at the benzoate unit displayed the highest cytotoxicities (against L929 mouse fibroblast cell line) and antimicrobial activity (against Escherichia coli ΔTolC and Staphylococcus aureus) and promising selectivity ratio in favour of antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco André Grunwald
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Selina Emilie Hagenlocher
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Larissa Turkanovic
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Soeren Magnus Bauch
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | - Luca Alexa Altevogt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Julius Agamemnon Knöller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Aileen Rebecca Raab
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Finn Schulz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22605 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures ChyN, University Hamburg, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung (BAM), D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ursula Bilitiewski
- AG Compound Profiling and Screening, Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstr. 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Kapernaum N, Lange A, Ebert M, Grunwald MA, Haege C, Marino S, Zens A, Taubert A, Giesselmann F, Laschat S. Current Topics in Ionic Liquid Crystals. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100397. [PMID: 34931472 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs), that is, ionic liquids exhibiting mesomorphism, liquid crystalline phases, and anisotropic properties, have received intense attention in the past years. Among others, this is due to their special properties arising from the combination of properties stemming from ionic liquids and from liquid crystalline arrangements. Besides interesting fundamental aspects, ILCs have been claimed to have tremendous application potential that again arises from the combination of properties and architectures that are not accessible otherwise, or at least not accessible easily by other strategies. The current review highlights recent developments in ILC research, starting with some key fundamental aspects. Further subjects covered include the synthesis and variations of modern ILCs, including the specific tuning of their mesomorphic behavior. The review concludes with reflections on some applications that may be within reach for ILCs and finally highlights a few key challenges that must be overcome prior and during true commercialization of ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kapernaum
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alyna Lange
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Max Ebert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marco A Grunwald
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Haege
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marino
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna Zens
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Frank Giesselmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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Shanker G, Paul B, Ganjiwale A. Amino Acid and Peptide-Based Liquid Crystals: An Overview. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:333-351. [PMID: 32938353 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200916092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of amino acids and peptides has found remarkable usage in both living systems and nonliving materials, which have enabled its utility by virtue of crafting molecular architectures through covalent bonds and non-covalent interactions. In material chemistry, the role of peptides in Liquid Crystals (LCs) is profound, especially in the rapid construction of supramolecular hierarchical networks. The importance of LCs for a variety of societal needs leads to the synthesis of innumerable LCs by conventional mesogenic strategy and nonconventional molecular design principles. For example, electronic appliances, including flat panel TV displays, electronic notebooks, digital cameras, domestic devices, use LCs as an integral component for such applications. In addition, LCs are useful in biological systems, including stem cell research, sensors for bacteria, virus, and proteins. These accomplishments are possible mostly due to the non-conventional molecular design principles for crafting LCs using smaller molecular motifs. The usage of amino acids and peptides in LCs facilitates many intrinsic characteristics, including side-chain diversity, chirality, directionality, reversibility, electro-optical, columnar axis, stimuli-responsive complex molecular architectures. The next essential criteria for any LCs design for useful applications are room temperature LC (RT-LC); therefore, the quest for such LCs system remains highly significant. Evidently, there are around half a million liquid crystalline molecules; only a handful of RTLCs has been found, as there is no simple, precise strategy or molecular design principles to obtain RT-LC systems. The smaller molecular motifs of amino acids and linear peptides as a structural part of mesogenic molecules led to many LC phases with properties, including lyotropic, thermotropic, and its applications in different realms. Therefore, this review serves as a compilation of Small Peptide-based LCs (SPLCs) exhibiting lyotropic and thermotropic phases with applications in the recent advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaswamy Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore, 560056, India
| | - Bishwajit Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore, 560056, India
| | - Anjali Ganjiwale
- Department of Life Sciences, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore, 560056, India
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Cao H, Hu Y, Xu W, Wang Y, Guo X. Recent progress in the assembly behavior of imidazolium-based ionic liquid surfactants. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Fang Y, Chen L, Gao L, Yan Z. Effect of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride on the lyotropic liquid crystal structure and properties of TX-100/oleic acid/water system. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lyotropic liquid crystal directed synthesis of anisotropic copper microparticles and their application in catalysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang D, Feng L, Song B, Pei X, Cui Z, Xie D. Viscoelastic lyotropic liquid crystals formed in a bio-based trimeric surfactant system. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4208-4214. [PMID: 31073550 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the self-assembly of oligomeric surfactants is expected to bridge the gap between conventional and polymeric surfactants. Using the natural resource rosin as the starting material, a bio-based star-shaped trimeric quaternary ammonium surfactant (abbreviated tri-R-4-Phe) was synthesized. With three bulky dehydroabietic acid units in the hydrophobic group, tri-R-4-Phe has a molecular weight of 1684.9 and shows strong affinity towards both water and nonpolar organic compounds. In the presence of tri-R-4-Phe, C12EO3 was able to form lamellar lyotropic liquid crystals over a wide concentration range in water. The tri-R-4-Phe/C12EO3/water tertiary system was investigated by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheological measurements. The investigated samples with different formulations all showed strong viscoelasticity, and the viscosity increased with the surfactant content. All samples showed interesting shear banding phenomena due to the shear induced mesoscale phase transition in tri-R-4-Phe/C12EO3/water systems. The present work reveals the unique behaviour of trimeric surfactant involved LLC systems and the result may be helpful in investigating delicate molecular self-assembly using natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Belyaeva EA, Vanin AA, Victorov AI. Distribution of zwitter-ionic tryptophan between the micelles of 1-dodecyl-3-methyl imidazolium and aqueous medium from molecular dynamic simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23747-23753. [PMID: 30198539 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02488j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids that form micelles have great potential as drug carriers and separating agents for bioactive substances. For such applications, a key issue is the distribution of the target substance between the micelle and its environment. We perform MD simulations to study solubilization of zwitter-ionic tryptophan in micelles of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. We found that the distribution of tryptophan depends strongly on the degree of counterion binding. A decrease in binding of bromide counterions leads to a substantial increase of the distribution coefficient. A dense layer of counterions at the micellar surface impedes the solubilization of the zwitter-ionic tryptophan but at the same time the presence of such a dense layer obstructs the washout of the solubilized tryptophan molecules from the micelle. Based on our simulation data, we conclude that an increase of the distribution coefficient of tryptophan between the micelle and water may be achieved by several means: by introducing counterions that bind weakly to the micelle (bulky ions whose charge is not strongly localized) and/or by employing micelle-forming ionic liquids with shorter alkyl chains to diminish the degree of counterion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Belyaeva
- Saint Petersburg State University 7-9, Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Gui S, Huang J, Cao J, Li Z, Li Q, Chu X. Characterization of Lipid-Based Lyotropic Liquid Crystal and Effects of Guest Molecules on Its Microstructure: a Systematic Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:2023-2040. [PMID: 29869308 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are conventionally divided into thermotropic or lyotropic, based on the organization and sequence of the controlled molecular system. Lipid-based lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC), such as lamellar (Lα), bicontinuous cubic (QII), or hexagonal (HII) phases, have attracted wide interest in the last few decades due to their practical potential in diverse applications and notable structural complexity. Various guest molecules, such as biopharmaceuticals, chemicals, and additives, can be solubilized in either aqueous or oily phase. And the LLC microstructure can be altered to affect the rate of drug release eventually. To utilize these microstructural variations to adjust the drug release in drug delivery system (DDS), it is crucial to understand the structure variations of the LLC caused by different types of guest molecules. Therefore, in this article, we review the effect of guest molecules on lipid-based LLC microstructures. In particular, we focus on the different characterization methods to evaluate this change caused by guest substances, such as polarized light microscopy (PLM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), self-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (SD-NMR), and so on.
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Photoluminescent lyotropic liquid crystals formed by Tyloxapol and n-dodecyl tetraethylene monoether. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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