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de Rosset A, Tyszkiewicz N, Wiśniewski J, Pudełko-Malik N, Rutkowski P, Młynarz P, Pasternak G. Bioelectrochemical synthesis of rhamnolipids and energy production and its correlation with nitrogen in air-cathode microbial fuel cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121514. [PMID: 38908152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have been recently proven to synthesise biosurfactants from waste products. In classic bioreactors, the efficiency of biosynthesis process can be controlled by the concentration of nitrogen content in the electrolyte. However, it was not known whether a similar control mechanism could be applied in current-generating conditions. In this work, the effect of nitrogen concentration on biosurfactant production from waste cooking oil was investigated. The concentration of NH4Cl in the electrolyte ranged from 0 to 1 g L-1. The maximum power density equal to 17.5 W m-3 was achieved at a concentration of 0.5 g L-1 (C/N = 2.32) and was accompanied by the highest surface tension decrease (to 54.6 mN m-1) and an emulsification activity index of 95.4%. Characterisation of the biosurfactants produced by the LC-MS/MS method showed the presence of eleven compounds belonging to the mono- and di-rhamnolipids group, most likely produced by P. aeruginosa, which was the most abundant (19.6%) in the community. Importantly, we have found a strong correlation (R = -0.96) of power and biosurfactant activity in response to C/N ratio. This study shows that nitrogen plays an important role in the current-generating metabolism of waste cooking oil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where the nitrogen optimisation was investigated to improve the synthesis of biosurfactants and power generation in a bioelectrochemical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander de Rosset
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Natalia Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Natalia Pudełko-Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Piotr Młynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Pasternak
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-370, Poland.
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Purwasena IA, Amaniyah M, Astuti DI, Firmansyah Y, Sugai Y. Production, characterization, and application of Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis biosurfactant: a green chemical for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Sci Rep 2024; 14:10270. [PMID: 38704438 PMCID: PMC11069559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants, as microbial bioproducts, have significant potential in the field of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). Biosurfactants are microbial bioproducts with the potential to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between crude oil and water, thus enhancing oil recovery. This study aims to investigate the production and characterization of biosurfactants and evaluate their effectiveness in increasing oil recovery. Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis was cultured on SMSS medium to produce biosurfactants. Crude oil was found to be the most effective carbon source for biosurfactant production. The biosurfactants exhibited comparable activity to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at a concentration of 400 ppm in reducing IFT. It was characterized as glycolipids, showing stability in emulsions at high temperatures (up to 120 °C), pH levels ranging from 3 to 9, and NaCl concentrations up to 10% (w/v). Response surface methodology revealed the optimized conditions for the most stable biosurfactants (pH 7, temperature of 40 °C, and salinity of 2%), resulting in an EI24 value of 64.45%. Experimental evaluations included sand pack column and core flooding studies, which demonstrated additional oil recovery of 36.04% and 12.92%, respectively. These results indicate the potential application of P. taiwanensis biosurfactants as sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches to enhance oil recovery in MEOR processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isty Adhitya Purwasena
- Microbiology Study Program, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesha No 10, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Maghfirotul Amaniyah
- Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi, Livestock Product Processing Technology Study Program, Jl. Raya Jember Km. 13, Labanasem, Kabat, Banyuwangi, East Java, 68461, Indonesia
| | - Dea Indriani Astuti
- Microbiology Study Program, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesha No 10, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Firmansyah
- Microbiology Study Program, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesha No 10, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yuichi Sugai
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Ciurko D, Chebbi A, Kruszelnicki M, Czapor-Irzabek H, Urbanek AK, Polowczyk I, Franzetti A, Janek T. Production and characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactant from a new strain of Pseudomonas antarctica 28E using crude glycerol as a carbon source. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24129-24139. [PMID: 37577095 PMCID: PMC10415746 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas is a cosmopolitan genus of bacteria found in soil, water, organic matter, plants and animals and known for the production of glycolipid and lipopeptide biosurfactants. In this study bacteria (laboratory collection number 28E) isolated from soil collected in Spitsbergen were used for biosurfactant production. 16S rRNA sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) revealed that this isolate belongs to the species Pseudomonas antarctica. In the present study, crude glycerol, a raw material obtained from several industrial processes, was evaluated as a potential low-cost carbon source to reduce the costs of lipopeptide production. Among several tested glycerols, a waste product of stearin production, rich in nitrogen, iron and calcium, ensured optimal conditions for bacterial growth. Biosurfactant production was evidenced by a reduction of surface tension (ST) and an increase in the emulsification index (E24%). According to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), the biosurfactant was identified as viscosin. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of lipopeptide was determined to be 20 mg L-1. Interestingly, viscosin production has been reported previously for Pseudomonas viscosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas libanensis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on viscosin production by a P. antarctica 28E. The results indicated the potential of crude glycerol as a low-cost substrate to produce a lipopeptide biosurfactant with promising tensioactive and emulsifying properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ciurko
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48-71-320-7734
| | - Alif Chebbi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University 00146 Rome Italy
| | - Mateusz Kruszelnicki
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymers and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Hanna Czapor-Irzabek
- Laboratory of Elemental Analysis and Structural Research, Wroclaw Medical University 50-556 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Aneta K Urbanek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw 50-383 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Izabela Polowczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymers and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences - DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Tomasz Janek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48-71-320-7734
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Rubio-Ribeaux D, da Costa RAM, Montero-Rodríguez D, do Amaral Marques NSA, Puerta-Díaz M, de Souza Mendonça R, Franco PM, Dos Santos JC, da Silva SS. Sustainable production of bioemulsifiers, a critical overview from microorganisms to promising applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:195. [PMID: 37171665 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial bioemulsifiers are molecules of amphiphilic nature and high molecular weight that are efficient in emulsifying two immiscible phases such as water and oil. These molecules are less effective in reducing surface tension and are synthesized by bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. Unlike synthetic emulsifiers, microbial bioemulsifiers have unique advantages such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, efficiency at low concentrations and high selectivity under different conditions of pH, temperature and salinity. The adoption of microbial bioemulsifiers as alternatives to their synthetic counterparts has been growing in ongoing research. This article analyzes the production of microbial-based emulsifiers, the raw materials and fermentation processes used, as well as the scale-up and commercial applications of some of these biomolecules. The current trend of incorporating natural compounds into industrial formulations indicates that the search for new bioemulsifiers will continue to increase, with emphasis on performance improvement and economically viable processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daylin Rubio-Ribeaux
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil.
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil.
| | - Rogger Alessandro Mata da Costa
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Dayana Montero-Rodríguez
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália Sá Alencar do Amaral Marques
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Mirelys Puerta-Díaz
- Pernambuco Institute of Agronomy, Recife, Pernambuco, 50761-000, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Souza Mendonça
- Nucleus of Research in Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50050-590, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcelino Franco
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio César Dos Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
| | - Silvio Silvério da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 12.602-810, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Campus Marília, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, 17.525-900, Brazil
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Li M, Yu J, Cao L, Yin Y, Su Z, Chen S, Li G, Ma T. Facultative anaerobic conversion of lignocellulose biomass to new bioemulsifier by thermophilic Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130210. [PMID: 36308930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy oil has hindered crude oil exploitation and pollution remediation due to its high density and viscosity. Bioemulsifiers efficiently facilitate the formation and stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions in low concentrations thus eliminating the above bottleneck. Despite their potential benefits, various obstacles had still impeded the practical applications of bioemulsifiers, including high purification costs and poor adaptability to extreme environments such as high temperature and oxygen deficiency. Herein, thermophilic facultative anaerobic Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 was proved capable of emulsifying heavy oils and reducing their viscosity. An exocelluar bioemulsifier could be produced by NG80-2 using low-cost lignocellulose components as carbon sources even under anaerobic condition. The purified bioemulsifier was proved to be polysaccharide-protein complexes, and both components contributed to its emulsifying capability. In addition, it displayed excellent stress tolerance over wide ranges of temperatures, salinities, and pHs. Meanwhile, the bioemulsifier significantly improved oil recovery and degradation efficiency. An eps gene cluster for polysaccharide biosynthesis and genes for the covalently bonded proteins was further certificated. Therefore, the bioemulsifier produced by G. thermodenitrificans NG80-2 has immense potential for applications in bioremediation and EOR, and its biosynthesis pathway revealed here provides a theoretical basis for increasing bioemulsifier output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yujun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaoying Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Green Manufacturing Biobased Materials, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Green Manufacturing Biobased Materials, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Verma R, Sharma S, Kundu LM, Maiti SK, Pandey LM. Enhanced production of biosurfactant by Bacillus subtilis RSL2 in semicontinuous bioreactor utilizing molasses as a sole substrate. J Biotechnol 2023; 362:24-35. [PMID: 36563858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The growth-associated metabolites are produced during the exponential phase; however, this phase terminates due to substrate depletion or product inhibition. In the present study, a semicontinuous mode with a fill-and-draw strategy was applied to extend the exponential phase of the biosurfactant production to overcome the product inhibition and in turn, enhance the yield. Bioreactor studies were performed in batch mode, followed by the semicontinuous operation. A potential biosurfactant producer Bacillus subtilis RSL2 was used in this study at the previously optimized conditions of pH 6.6, temperature 41 °C and 5% (w/v) of molasses. A better mass transfer was achieved in the bioreactor as compared to the shake flask study. In the batch bioreactor study, 90% of sugar was utilized with simultaneous 13.7 g L-1 of biosurfactant production. The sugar utilization was further improved to > 98% in the case of semicontinuous operation employing a fill-and-draw strategy. The exponential phase got extended up to 18 days and a total of 13 L of media was fed in the semicontinuous operation of 21 days as compared to 1.5 L of working volume in the batch reactor. The biosurfactant yield was enhanced by 1.5 folds and was found to be 0.97 g g-1. The produced biosurfactant was identified as a lipopeptide. The interfacial properties of the biosurfactant along with colloidal and thermal stability have been investigated. The critical micelle concentration of the produced biosurfactant was 70 mg L-1. The present study highlighted the efficient utilization of molasses for the production of biosurfactant, an alternative metabolite, in a semicontinuous mode of bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Verma
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Bio-interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Lal Mohan Kundu
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Soumen K Maiti
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Lalit M Pandey
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; Bio-interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Nageshwar L, Parameshwar J, Rahman PKSM, Banat IM, Hameeda B. Anti-oxidative property of xylolipid produced by Lactococcus lactis LNH70 and its potential use as fruit juice preservative. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2157-2172. [PMID: 36219343 PMCID: PMC9679099 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 20 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from different fruit juices, milk, and milk products. Based on preliminary screening methods like emulsification index, oil displacement method, hemolysis, and reduction in surface tension, strain LNH70 was selected for further studies. Further, it was evaluated for preliminary probiotic characteristics, identified by 16 s rRNA sequencing as Lactococcus lactis, submitted to NCBI, and an accession number was obtained (MH174454). In addition, LNH70 was found to tolerate over wide range of temperatures (10-45 °C), pH (3-10), NaCl (up to 9%), bile (0.7%), and phenol (0.1%) concentrations. Further, optimization studies at flask level revealed that lactose as carbon source, peptone as organic nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium sulfate) enhanced biosurfactant production. Chemical composition of purified biosurfactant obtained from LNH70 was characterized by various physico-chemical analytical techniques and identified as xylolipid. Xylolipid biosurfactant exhibited anti-adhesion activity against food borne pathogens in in vitro conditions. Its anti-oxidative property by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) radical scavenging activity was found in range of 60.76 ± 0.5 to 83.50 ± 0.73%. Furthermore, xylolipid (0.05, 0.1, 0.3 mg/mL) when used for its potential as orange and pineapple juices preservation revealed miniature changes in the physico-chemical parameters evaluated in this study. However, the microbial population slightly lowered when xylolipid was used at 0.3 mg/mL after 5th day. Hence, this study supports the potential use of biosurfactant from L. lactis for its application as food preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nageshwar
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-07, India
| | - J Parameshwar
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-07, India
| | - Pattanathu K S M Rahman
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Bee Hameeda
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-07, India.
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Biosurfactant Production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C11 and Streptomyces lavendulae C27 Isolated from a Biopurification System for Environmental Applications. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101892. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactant-producing bacteria can be found in contaminated environments such as biopurification systems (BPS) for pesticide treatments. A total of 18 isolates were screened to determine their ability to produce extracellular biosurfactants, using olive oil as the main carbon source. Out of the eighteen isolates, two strains (C11 and C27) were selected for biosurfactant production. The emulsification activities of the C11 and C27 strains using sunflower oil was 58.4 and 53.7%, respectively, and 46.6 and 48.0% using olive oil. Using molecular techniques and MALDI-TOF, the strains were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (C11) and Streptomyces lavendulae (C27). The submerged cultivation of the two selected strains was carried out in a 1 L stirred-tank bioreactor. The maximum biosurfactant production, indicated by the lowest surface tension measurement, was similar (46 and 45 mN/m) for both strains, independent of the fact that the biomass of the B. amyloliquefaciens C11 strain was 50% lower than the biomass of the S. lavendulae C27 strain. The partially purified biosurfactants produced by B. amyloliquefaciens C11 and S. lavendulae C27 were characterized as a lipopeptide and a glycolipid, respectively. These outcomes highlight the potential of the selected biosurfactant-producing microorganisms for improving pesticides’ bioavailability and therefore the degradational efficacy of BPS.
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Thraeib JZ, Altemimi AB, Jabbar Abd Al-Manhel A, Abedelmaksoud TG, El-Maksoud AAA, Madankar CS, Cacciola F. Production and Characterization of a Bioemulsifier Derived from Microorganisms with Potential Application in the Food Industry. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060924. [PMID: 35743955 PMCID: PMC9227042 DOI: 10.3390/life12060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development and use of natural emulsifiers, which provide biodegradability as well as non-toxicity along with giving better performance compared to existing emulsifying agents used in the food industry. A large variety of sources of starting material, i.e., the microorganisms, are available to be used, hence giving a diverse range of applications. The focus of this review paper is on the production of bioemulsifiers, which are said to be "green surfactants", from fungi, bacteria and yeasts; furthermore, an overview pertaining to the knowledge gained over the years in terms of characterization techniques is reported. The methods used for the characterization and isolation such as TLC, GC-MS, HPLC, NMR have also been studied. The end-application products such as cookies, muffins, and doughs along with the methods used for the incorporation of bioemulsifiers, microorganisms from which they are derived, properties imparted to the product with the use of a particular bioemulsifier and comparison with the existing food grade emulsifiers has been discussed in detail. The future prospects indicate that newer bioemulsifiers with anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and stabilization properties will prove to have a larger impact, and emphasis will be on improving the performance at an economically viable methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar Z. Thraeib
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (J.Z.T.); (A.J.A.A.-M.)
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (J.Z.T.); (A.J.A.A.-M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Alaa Jabbar Abd Al-Manhel
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (J.Z.T.); (A.J.A.A.-M.)
| | | | | | - Chandu S. Madankar
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (F.C.)
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Development of Olive Oil and α-Tocopherol Containing Emulsions Stabilized by FucoPol: Rheological and Textural Analyses. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122349. [PMID: 35745925 PMCID: PMC9227800 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobased raw materials like natural polysaccharides are increasingly sought by the cosmetic industry for their valuable properties. Such biodegradable and usually non-cytotoxic biopolymers are commonly used in skin-care products as rheological modifiers, bioemulsifiers and/or bioactive ingredients. FucoPol is a natural polysaccharide with reported biocompatibility, emulsion-forming and stabilizing capacity, shear-thinning behavior and bioactivity (e.g., antioxidant capacity, wound healing ability) that potentiate its utilization in skin-care products. In this study, olive oil and α-tocopherol containing emulsions were stabilized with FucoPol. Although the presence of α-tocopherol negatively impacted the emulsions’ stability, it increased their emulsification index (EI). Moreover, FucoPol outperformed the commercial emulsifier Sepigel® 305, under the tested conditions, with higher EI and higher stability under storage for 30 days. The formulation of FucoPol-based emulsions with olive oil and α-tocopherol was studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) that allowed the definition of the ingredients’ content to attain high emulsification. The RSM model established that α-tocopherol concentration had no significant impact on the EI within the tested ranges, with optimal emulsification for FucoPol concentration in the range 0.7–1.2 wt.% and olive oil contents of 20–30 wt.%. Formulations with 25 wt.% olive oil and either 0.5 or 2.0 wt.% α-tocopherol were emulsified with 1.0 wt.% or 0.7 wt.% FucoPol, respectively, resulting in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The emulsions had similar shear-thinning behavior, but the formulation with higher FucoPol content displayed higher apparent viscosity, higher consistency, as well as higher firmness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness, but lower spreadability. These findings show FucoPol’s high performance as an emulsifier for olive oil/α-tocopherol, which are supported by an effective impact on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of the emulsions. Hence, this natural polysaccharide is a potential alternative to other emulsifiers.
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Gil CV, Rebocho AT, Esmail A, Sevrin C, Grandfils C, Torres CAV, Reis MAM, Freitas F. Characterization of the Thermostable Biosurfactant Produced by Burkholderia thailandensis DSM 13276. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102088. [PMID: 35631971 PMCID: PMC9143496 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants synthesized by microorganisms represent safe and sustainable alternatives to the use of synthetic surfactants, due to their lower toxicity, better biodegradability and biocompatibility, and their production from low-cost feedstocks. In line with this, the present study describes the physical, chemical, and functional characterization of the biopolymer secreted by the bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis DSM 13276, envisaging its validation as a biosurfactant. The biopolymer was found to be a glycolipopeptide with carbohydrate and protein contents of 33.1 ± 6.4% and 23.0 ± 3.2%, respectively. Galactose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, and glucuronic acid were detected in the carbohydrate moiety at a relative molar ratio of 4:3:2:2:1. It is a high-molecular-weight biopolymer (1.0 × 107 Da) with low polydispersity (1.66), and forms aqueous solutions with shear-thinning behavior, which remained after autoclaving. The biopolymer has demonstrated a good emulsion-stabilizing capacity towards different hydrophobic compounds, namely, benzene, almond oil, and sunflower oil. The emulsions prepared with the biosurfactant, as well as with its autoclaved solution, displayed high emulsification activity (>90% and ~50%, respectively). Moreover, the almond and sunflower oil emulsions stabilized with the biosurfactant were stable for up to 4 weeks, which further supports the potential of this novel biopolymer for utilization as a natural bioemulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia V. Gil
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Rebocho
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Asiyah Esmail
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Chantal Sevrin
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Grandfils
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Cristiana A. V. Torres
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-212948300
| | - Maria A. M. Reis
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
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Production and Characterization of a Novel Biosurfactant Molecule from Bacillus safensis YKS2 and Assessment of Its Efficiencies in Wastewater Treatment by a Directed Metagenomic Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactant is a biodegradation accelerator that improves bioavailability and facilitates degradation by microorganisms. The study was meant to produce a novel biosurfactant molecule from Bacillussafensis YKS2. An efficient biosurfactant-producing strain, namely, Bacillus safensis YKS2, was selected using hemolytic activity, drop collapsing test, oil spreading test and blue agar plate methods in four oil-degrading strains isolated from a soil sample. Biosurfactant production in the optimization of bacteria culture conditions by RSM is a statistical grouping technique that is analyzed using the AVOVA approach to surface tention. In addition, the study was characterized by UV spectrophotometer FT-IR, HR-SEM, and GC-MS analyses to explain its structural and chemical details. Wastewater treatment was monitored for pH, EC, turbidity, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in order to justify the efficacy of the biosurfactant during wastewater treatment. The results of the UV spectrophotometer showed absorption at 530 nm, and the FT-IR analyzed carboxylic acids, alcohol and phenols groups, whichthe GC-MS analysis indicated were lipopeptide purified by hexadecanoic andtetradecanoic processes, respectively. The results show that the wastewater removal efficiency of 70% wasachieved within 24 h. In comparison, metagenomics was conducted during the treatment process to identify changes in the microbial load and diversity, which essentially indicatethe biosurfactant performance of the wastewater treatment process. The microbial load in the treated biosurfactant wastewater (84,374 sequences) was greatly decreased compared to untreated wastewater (139,568 sequences). It was concluded that B. safensis YKS2, producing a glycolipid form of biosurfactant, has possible benefits in the remediation of wastewater, and can be used for large-scale processing inbiosurfactant industries.
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Madankar CS, Meshram A. Review on classification, physicochemical properties and applications of microbial surfactants. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-2021-2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic microbial compounds synthesized from plants and micro organisms that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones, which are classified into liquid-liquid, liquid-solid and liquid-gas interfaces. Due to their versatile nature, low toxicity, and high reactivity at extreme temperatures, as well as – extremely important – their good biodegradability and environmental compatibility, biobased surfactants provide approaches for use in many environmental industries. Biosurfactants produced by microorganisms have potential applications in bioremediation as well as in the petroleum, agricultural, food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. In this review article, we include a detailed overview of the knowledge obtained over the years, such as factors influencing bio-surfactant production and developments in the incorporation of biomolecules in different industries and future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandu S. Madankar
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
| | - Ashwini Meshram
- Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology , Mumbai , India
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Vieira IMM, Santos BLP, Ruzene DS, Silva DP. An overview of current research and developments in biosurfactants. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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John WC, Ogbonna IO, Gberikon GM, Iheukwumere CC. Evaluation of biosurfactant production potential of Lysinibacillus fusiformis MK559526 isolated from automobile-mechanic-workshop soil. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:663-674. [PMID: 33462721 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosurfactants are amphipathic biological compounds with surface active potential and are produced by many microorganisms. Biosurfactant production by Lysinibacillus fusiformis MK559526 isolated from automobile-mechanic-shop soil was investigated with a view to assessing its potential for production and potential for optimization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, temperature and incubation periods on biosurfactant production were evaluated with a view to optimizing the processes. Fourier Transform Infra-Red absorption peaks and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry were used to determine the functional groups of the chemical make-up and the chemical profile of the biosurfactant respectively. RESULTS Lysinibacillus fusiformis surfactant had emulsification index of 65.15 ± 0.35 %, oil displacement of 2.7 ± 0.26 mm, zone of haemolysis of 7.3 ± 0.16 mm and a positive drop collapse test. Optimized culture conditions for biosurfactant production: temperature, 35 ºC; pH, 7.0; starch solution, 40 g/L and urea, 1.5 g/L showed a reduction in surface tension to 28.46 ± 1.11 mN/m and increased emulsification index to 93.80 ± 0.41 %. Maximum biosurfactant production of 2.92 ± 0.04 g/L was obtained after 72 h. The biosurfactant contained peptides and fatty acids. The predominant fatty acid was 9-Octadecenoic acid (80.80%). CONCLUSIONS The above results showing high emulsification potential and remarkable reduction in the surface tension are good biosurfactant attributes. Consequently, Lysinibacillus fusiformis MK559526 is a good candidate for biosurfactant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chinaka John
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Forestry, Jos, Nigeria
| | | | - Grace M Gberikon
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
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Ahmad Z, Zhang X, Imran M, Zhong H, Andleeb S, Zulekha R, Liu G, Ahmad I, Coulon F. Production, functional stability, and effect of rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Klebsiella sp. on phenanthrene degradation in various medium systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111514. [PMID: 33254394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the stability and efficacy of a biosurfactant produced by Klebsiella sp. KOD36 under extreme conditions and its potential for enhancing the solubilization and degradation of phenanthrene in various environmental matrices. Klebsiella sp. KOD36 produced a mono-rhamnolipids biosurfactant with a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) value. The biosurfactant was stable under extreme conditions (60 °C, pH 10 and 10% salinity) and could lower surface tension by 30% and maintained an emulsification index of > 40%. The emulsion index was also higher (17-43%) in the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons compared to synthetic surfactant Triton X-100. Investigation on phenanthrene degradation in three different environmental matrices (aqueous, soil-slurry and soil) confirmed that the biosurfactant enhanced the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene in all matrices. The high functional stability and performance of the biosurfactant under extreme conditions on phenanthrene degradation show the great potential of the biosurfactant for remediation applications under harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China.
| | - Shaista Andleeb
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Rabail Zulekha
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guansheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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Luft L, Confortin TC, Todero I, Zabot GL, Mazutti MA. An overview of fungal biopolymers: bioemulsifiers and biosurfactants compounds production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1059-1080. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Luft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tássia C. Confortin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Izelmar Todero
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Giovani L. Zabot
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Cachoeira do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcio A. Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Panjiar N, Mattam AJ, Jose S, Gandham S, Velankar HR. Valorization of xylose-rich hydrolysate from rice straw, an agroresidue, through biosurfactant production by the soil bacterium Serratia nematodiphila. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138933. [PMID: 32371209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants, amphiphilic compounds that reduce interfacial tension in oil-aqueous mixtures, are used in the petroleum, pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture industries. Fermentative production of biosurfactants requires expensive sugar or lipid substrates. Lignocellulosic biomass is a relatively cheap and abundant agricultural residue that can be used as an alternative substrate. Currently, several million tonnes of rice and wheat straw are generated globally as agricultural residues, most of which is disposed by open-field burning thereby leading to severe environmental pollution. This study aimed to produce biosurfactants in xylose-rich hydrolysates generated from rice straw. The hydrolysate is also a byproduct of 2G biofuel processes that often goes underutilized. A soil bacterium capable of growing and producing biosurfactants in rice straw hydrolysates, which typically contain growth-inhibitory compounds such as furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural, was isolated. Interestingly, the organism, identified as Serratia nematodiphila, exhibited higher glycolipid formation (4.5 ± 0.6 gL-1) in xylose-rich hydrolysate than in glucose-rich enzymatic hydrolysate (3.1 ± 0.2 gL-1) despite the higher bacterial cell density observed with the latter. The biosurfactants were thermostable and possessed promising emulsifying property and anti-microbial activity against bacteria and yeast. Further optimization of C:N resulted in a 2.8-fold increase in glycolipid production from xylose-rich hydrolysates. This study demonstrates the production of glycolipid biosurfactants from lignocellulosic biomass, a low-cost substrate and offers a plausible strategy for the management of these residues. Further, it also provides insights into the generation of additional high-value compounds in a bioethanol biorefinery to improve its commercial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Panjiar
- Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabanahalli, Devanagonthi, Hoskote, Bengaluru 560067, India
| | - Anu Jose Mattam
- Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabanahalli, Devanagonthi, Hoskote, Bengaluru 560067, India
| | - Steffi Jose
- Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabanahalli, Devanagonthi, Hoskote, Bengaluru 560067, India
| | - Sriganesh Gandham
- Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabanahalli, Devanagonthi, Hoskote, Bengaluru 560067, India
| | - Harshad Ravindra Velankar
- Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Centre, KIADB Industrial Area, Tarabanahalli, Devanagonthi, Hoskote, Bengaluru 560067, India.
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Cazals F, Huguenot D, Crampon M, Colombano S, Betelu S, Galopin N, Perrault A, Simonnot MO, Ignatiadis I, Rossano S. Production of biosurfactant using the endemic bacterial community of a PAHs contaminated soil, and its potential use for PAHs remobilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136143. [PMID: 31884277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are surface-active agents produced by microorganisms whose use in soil remediation processes is increasingly discussed as a more environmentally friendly alternative than chemically produced surfactants. In this work, we report the production of a biosurfactant by a bacterial community extracted from a polluted soil, mainly impacted by PAHs, in order to use it in a soil-washing process coupled with bioremediation. Nutrient balance was a critical parameter to optimize the production. Best conditions for biosurfactant production were found to be 20 g/L of glucose, 2 g/L of NH4NO3, and 14.2 g/L of Na2HPO4, corresponding to a C/N/P molar ratio equal to 13/1/2. Purification of the produced biosurfactant by acidification and double extraction with dichloromethane as a solvent allowed measuring the Critical Micellar Concentration (CMC) as equal to 42 mg/L. The capacity of the purified biosurfactant to increase the apparent solubility of four reference PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene) was completed. The solubilisation ratios, in mg of PAH/g of biosurfactant for phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene are 0.214, 0.1204 and 0.0068, respectively. Identification of the bacteria found in the colony producing the biosurfactant showed the presence of bacteria able to produce biosurfactant (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas), as well as, others able to degrade PAHs (Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacteraceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Cazals
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, France; Colas Environnement, France; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), France.
| | - David Huguenot
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - Marc Crampon
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Marie-Odile Simonnot
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Stéphanie Rossano
- Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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Jahan R, Bodratti AM, Tsianou M, Alexandridis P. Biosurfactants, natural alternatives to synthetic surfactants: Physicochemical properties and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 275:102061. [PMID: 31767119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biosurfactants comprise a wide array of amphiphilic molecules synthesized by plants, animals, and microbes. The synthesis route dictates their molecular characteristics, leading to broad structural diversity and ensuing functional properties. We focus here on low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) biosurfactants of microbial origin. These are environmentally safe and biodegradable, making them attractive candidates for applications spanning cosmetics to oil recovery. Biosurfactants spontaneously adsorb at various interfaces and self-assemble in aqueous solution, resulting in useful physicochemical properties such as decreased surface and interfacial tension, low critical micellization concentrations (CMCs), and ability to solubilize hydrophobic compounds. This review highlights the relationships between biosurfactant molecular composition, structure, and their interfacial behavior. It also describes how environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength can impact physicochemical properties and self-assembly behavior of biosurfactant-containing solutions and dispersions. Comparison between biosurfactants and their synthetic counterparts are drawn to illustrate differences in their structure-property relationships and potential benefits. Knowledge of biosurfactant properties organized along these lines is useful for those seeking to formulate so-called green or natural products with novel and useful properties.
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Khalikova E, Somersalo S, Korpela T. Metabolites Produced by Alkaliphiles with Potential Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:157-193. [PMID: 31240347 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alkaliphiles are a diverse group of relatively less known microorganisms living in alkaline environments. To thrive in alkaline environments, alkaliphiles require special adaptations. This adaptation may have evolved metabolites which can be useful for biotechnological processes or other applications. In fact, certain metabolites are found unique to alkaliphiles or are effectively produced by alkaliphiles. This probably aroused the interest in metabolites of alkaliphiles. During recent years, many alkaliphilic microbes have been isolated, especially in countries having alkaline environments, like soda lakes. Even if the number of such isolated alkaliphiles is large, their metabolites have not yet been extensively analyzed and exploited. This is expected to come in the years ahead. So far, the focus of interests in metabolites from alkaliphiles falls into categories such as organic acids, ingredients for foodstuffs and cosmetics, antibiotics, and substances which modify properties of other materials used in industry. This chapter deals with biotechnologically important metabolites of alkaliphiles including compatible solutes, biosurfactants, siderophores, carotenoids, exopolysaccharides, and antimicrobial agents. It also covers the promising potential of alkaliphiles as sources of bioplastic raw materials. Moreover, an overview of the patent literature related to alkaliphiles is highlighted. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Khalikova
- Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Timo Korpela
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Haloi S, Medhi T. Optimization and characterization of a glycolipid produced by Achromobacter
sp. to use in petroleum industries. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:238-248. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Haloi
- Applied Biochemistry Lab; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Tezpur University; Napaam, Sonitpur Assam India
| | - Tapas Medhi
- Applied Biochemistry Lab; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Tezpur University; Napaam, Sonitpur Assam India
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2013-2014. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:353-491. [PMID: 29687922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is the eighth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2014. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly- saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:353-491, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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da Rocha Junior RB, Meira HM, Almeida DG, Rufino RD, Luna JM, Santos VA, Sarubbo LA. Application of a low-cost biosurfactant in heavy metal remediation processes. Biodegradation 2018; 30:215-233. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nurfarahin AH, Mohamed MS, Phang LY. Culture Medium Development for Microbial-Derived Surfactants Production-An Overview. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051049. [PMID: 29723959 PMCID: PMC6099601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are compounds that can reduce the surface tension between two different phases or the interfacial tension of the liquid between water and oil, possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Biosurfactants have traits that have proven to be advantageous over synthetic surfactants, but these compounds do not compete economically with synthetic surfactants. Different alternatives increase the yield of biosurfactants; development of an economical production process and the usage of cheaper substrates during process have been employed. One of the solutions relies on the suitable formulation of a production medium by including alternative raw materials sourced from agro-wastes, hydrocarbons, or by-products of a process might help in boosting the biosurfactant production. Since the nutritional factors required will be different among microorganisms, the establishment of a suitable formulation for biosurfactant production will be challenging. The present review describes various nutrients and elements considered in the formulation of a production medium with an approach focusing on the macronutrient (carbon, nitrogen source, and C/N ratio), minerals, vitamins, metabolic regulators, and salinity levels which may aid in the study of biosurfactant production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hamid Nurfarahin
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Lai Yee Phang
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
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Reis CBLD, Morandini LMB, Bevilacqua CB, Bublitz F, Ugalde G, Mazutti MA, Jacques RJS. First report of the production of a potent biosurfactant with α,β-trehalose by Fusarium fujikuroi under optimized conditions of submerged fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49 Suppl 1:185-192. [PMID: 29728339 PMCID: PMC6328722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants have many advantages over synthetic surfactants but have higher production costs. Identifying microorganisms with high production capacities for these molecules and optimizing their growth conditions can reduce cost. The present work aimed to isolate and identify a fungus with high biosurfactant production capacity, optimize its growth conditions in a low cost culture medium, and characterize the chemical structure of the biosurfactant molecule. The fungal strain UFSM-BAS-01 was isolated from soil contaminated with hydrocarbons and identified as Fusarium fujikuroi. To optimize biosurfactant production, a Plackett–Burman design and a central composite rotational design were used. The variables evaluated were pH, incubation period, temperature, agitation and amount of inoculum in a liquid medium containing glucose. The partial structure of the biosurfactant molecule was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. F. fujikuroi reduced surface tension from 72 to 20 mN m−1 under the optimized conditions of pH 5.0, 37 °C and 7 days of incubation with 190 rpm agitation. The partial identification of the structure of the biosurfactant demonstrated the presence of an α,β-trehalose. The present study is the first report of the biosynthesis of this compound by F. fujikuroi, suggesting that the biosurfactant produced belongs to the class of trehalolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabricio Bublitz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ugalde
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Mazutti
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Yu Q, Fein JB. Controls on Bacterial Cell Envelope Sulfhydryl Site Concentrations: The Effect of Glucose Concentration During Growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:7395-7402. [PMID: 28603975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial sulfhydryl sites can form strong complexes with chalcophilic metals such as Hg and Cd, thereby affecting the fate, transport, and bioavailability of these metals in both natural and engineered systems. In this study, five bacterial species were cultured in M9 minimal media containing a range of glucose concentrations as carbon source and in a high-nutrient TSB medium enriched with 50 g/L of glucose, and the sulfhydryl site concentrations of the obtained biomass samples were determined through selective sulfhydryl site-blocking, potentiometric titrations, and surface complexation modeling. The experimental results show that the glucose concentration in the M9 minimal media strongly affects the concentration of sulfhydryl sites that are present on the bacteria, with higher glucose concentrations yielding higher bacterial sulfhydryl site concentrations for each species studied. In contrast, although adding 50 g/L of glucose to the TSB medium significantly increases the sulfhydryl site concentrations for the three Bacillus species studied, the elevated glucose concentration does not significantly affect sulfhydryl site concentrations for S. oneidensis and P. putida samples when grown in the TSB medium. Our results suggest that bacterial sulfhydryl site concentrations in natural systems are likely affected by the composition of the bacterial community and by the available nutrients, and that these factors must be considered in order to determine and model the effects of bacterial cells on metal cycling and metal bioavailability in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jeremy B Fein
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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In Vitro Apoptosis Induction in a Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line by Thermotolerant Glycolipid from Bacillus licheniformis SV1. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-1986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Silva-Bedoya LM, Sánchez-Pinzón MS, Cadavid-Restrepo GE, Moreno-Herrera CX. Bacterial community analysis of an industrial wastewater treatment plant in Colombia with screening for lipid-degrading microorganisms. Microbiol Res 2016; 192:313-325. [PMID: 27664750 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The operation of wastewater treatment technologies depends on a combination of physical, chemical and biological factors. Microorganisms present in wastewater treatment plants play essential roles in the degradation and removal of organic waste and xenobiotic pollutants. Several microorganisms have been used in complementary treatments to process effluents rich in fats and oils. Microbial lipases have received significant industrial attention because of their stability, broad substrate specificity, high yields, and regular supply, as well as the fact that the microorganisms producing them grow rapidly on inexpensive media. In Colombia, bacterial community studies have focused on populations of cultivable nitrifying, heterotrophic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria present in constructed wetlands. In this study, culture-dependent methods, culture-independent methods (TTGE, RISA) and enzymatic methods were used to estimate bacterial diversity, to monitor temporal and spatial changes in bacterial communities, and to screen microorganisms that presented lipolytic activity. The dominant microorganisms in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) examined in this study belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The enzymatic studies performed indicated that five bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates possessed the ability to degrade lipids; additionally, the Serratia, Kosakonia and Mucor genera presented lipase-mediated transesterification activity. The implications of these findings in regard to possible applications are discussed later in this paper. Our results indicate that there is a wide diversity of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria inhabiting the different sections of the WWTP, which could indicate its ecological condition, functioning and general efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Marcela Silva-Bedoya
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Microbiodiversity and Bioprospecting Group, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | - Gloria Ester Cadavid-Restrepo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Microbiodiversity and Bioprospecting Group, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Claudia Ximena Moreno-Herrera
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Microbiodiversity and Bioprospecting Group, Medellín, Colombia.
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Wong-Villarreal A, Reyes-López L, Corzo-González H, Blanco-González C, Yáñez-Ocampo G. Characterization of Bacteria Isolation of Bacteria from Pinyon Rhizosphere, Producing Biosurfactants from Agro-Industrial Waste. Pol J Microbiol 2016; 65:183-189. [DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1204478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rossi EM, Beilke L, Kochhann M, Sarzi DH, Tondo EC. Biosurfactant Produced by Salmonella Enteritidis SE86 Can Increase Adherence and Resistance to Sanitizers on Lettuce Leaves (Lactuca sativa L., cichoraceae). Front Microbiol 2016; 7:9. [PMID: 26834727 PMCID: PMC4722381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis SE86 is an important foodborne pathogen in Southern Brazil and it is able to produce a biosurfactant. However, the importance of this compound for the microorganism is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the biosurfactant produced by S. Enteritidis SE86 on adherence to slices of lettuce leaves and on resistance to sanitizers. First, lettuce leaves were inoculated with S. Enteritidis SE86 in order to determine the amount of biosurfactant produced. Subsequently, lettuce leaves were inoculated with S. Enteritidis SE86 with and without the biosurfactant, and the adherence and bacterial resistance to different sanitization methods were evaluated. S. Enteritidis SE86 produced biosurfactant after 16 h (emulsification index of 11 to 52.15 percent, P < 0.05) and showed greater adherence capability and resistance to sanitization methods when the compound was present. The scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that S. Enteritidis was able to adhere, form lumps, and invade the lettuce leaves' stomata in the presence of the biosurfactant. Results indicated that the biosurfactant produced by S. Enteritidis SE86 contributed to adherence and increased resistance to sanitizers when the microorganism was present on lettuce leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliandra M Rossi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa CatarinaSão Miguel do Oeste, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia e Controle de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luniele Beilke
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina São Miguel do Oeste, Brazil
| | - Marília Kochhann
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina São Miguel do Oeste, Brazil
| | - Diana H Sarzi
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina São Miguel do Oeste, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Tondo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Controle de Alimentos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Okaiyeto K, Nwodo UU, Mabinya LV, Okoli AS, Okoh AI. Characterization of a Bioflocculant (MBF-UFH) Produced by Bacillus sp. AEMREG7. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12986-3003. [PMID: 26062133 PMCID: PMC4490482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioflocculant named MBF-UFH produced by a Bacillus species isolated from sediment samples of Algoa Bay of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa was characterized. The bacterial identification was through 16S rDNA sequencing; nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank as Bacillus sp. AEMREG7 with Accession Number KP659187. The production of the bioflocculant was observed to be closely associated with cell growth. The bioflocculant had the highest flocculating activity of 83.2% after 72 h of cultivation, and approximately 1.6 g of purified MBF-UFH was recovered from 1 L of fermentation broth. Its chemical analyses indicated that it is a glycoprotein composed of polysaccharide (76%) and protein (14%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that it consisted of hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl and methoxyl as the functional moieties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the amorphous structure of MBF-UFH and flocculated kaolin clay particles. The maximum flocculating activity of 92.6% against kaolin clay suspension was achieved at 0.3 mg/mL over pH ranges of 3-11 with the peak flocculating rate at pH 8 in the presence of MgCl2. The bioflocculant retained high flocculating activity of 90% after heating at 100 °C for 1 h. MBF-UFH appears to have immense potential as an alternative to conventional chemical flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Okaiyeto
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
| | - Leonard V Mabinya
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
| | - Arinze S Okoli
- GenØK-Centre for Biosafety, Forskningsparken i Breivika, Postboks 6418, 9294 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- South Africa-Medical Research Council (SA-MRC), Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, 5700 Alice, South Africa.
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Uzoigwe C, Burgess JG, Ennis CJ, Rahman PKSM. Bioemulsifiers are not biosurfactants and require different screening approaches. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:245. [PMID: 25904897 PMCID: PMC4387539 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzo Uzoigwe
- Technology Futures Institute, School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University Middlesbrough, UK
| | - J Grant Burgess
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher J Ennis
- Technology Futures Institute, School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Pattanathu K S M Rahman
- Technology Futures Institute, School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University Middlesbrough, UK
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Sharma D, Saharan BS, Chauhan N, Procha S, Lal S. Isolation and functional characterization of novel biosurfactant produced by Enterococcus faecium. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:4. [PMID: 25674491 PMCID: PMC4320184 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to isolate the biosurfactant (BS) producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional fermented food (buttermilk) and its functional and structural characterization. BS isolated from strain MRTL9 reduced surface tension from 72.0 to 40.2 mN m(-1). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of BS was 2.25 mg ml(-1) with emulsification efficiency (E24) after 24 h of 64% against kerosene oil. The cell bound BS was partially purified by silica gel column chromatography and found as glycolipid. The gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy data revealed the fatty acid as hexadecanoic acid. Xylose was determined as hydrophilic moiety. The BS was found to be stable to pH changes over a range of 4.0-12.0, being most effective at pH 7 and showed no apparent loss of surface tension and emulsification efficiency after heat treatment at 120°C for 15 min. The outcomes of cellular toxicity showed lower toxicity of BS in comparison to SDS and rhamnolipids. Current study confirmed the preventive anti-adhesion activity of BS. These amphiphilic molecules, interferes with the microbial adhesion and found to be least cytotoxic with cellular compatibility with mouse fibroblasts cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepansh Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119 INDIA
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132 001 India
| | | | - Nikhil Chauhan
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - Suresh Procha
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119 India
| | - Sohan Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119 India
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Production and structural characterization of Lactobacillus helveticus derived biosurfactant. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:493548. [PMID: 25506070 PMCID: PMC4253709 DOI: 10.1155/2014/493548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A probiotic strain of lactobacilli was isolated from traditional soft Churpi cheese of Yak milk and found positive for biosurfactant production. Lactobacilli reduced the surface tension of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) from 72.0 to 39.5 mNm−1 pH 7.2 and its critical micelle concentration (CMC) was found to be 2.5 mg mL−1. Low cost production of Lactobacilli derived biosurfactant was carried out at lab scale fermenter which yields 0.8 mg mL−1 biosurfactant. The biosurfactant was found least phytotoxic and cytotoxic as compared to the rhamnolipid and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at different concentration. Structural attributes of biosurfactant were determined by FTIR, NMR (1H and 13C), UPLC-MS, and fatty acid analysis by GCMS which confirmed the presence of glycolipid type of biosurfactant closely similar to xylolipids. Biosurfactant is mainly constituted by lipid and sugar fractions. The present study outcomes provide valuable information on structural characterization of the biosurfactant produced by L. helveticus MRTL91. These findings are encouraging for the application of Lactobacilli derived biosurfactant as nontoxic surface active agents in the emerging field of biomedical applications.
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Song T, Zhang W, Wei C, Jiang T, Xu H, Cao Y, Cao Y, Qiao D. Isolation and characterization of agar-degrading endophytic bacteria from plants. Curr Microbiol 2014; 70:275-81. [PMID: 25331792 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Agar is a polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of some macro-algaes. Among the reported agarases, most of them come from marine environment. In order to better understand different sources of agarases, it is important to search new non-marine native ones. In this study, seven agar-degrading bacteria were first isolated from the tissues of plants, belonging to three genera, i.e., Paenibacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Klebsiella sp. Among them, the genus Klebsiella was first reported to have agarolytic ability and the genus Pseudomonas was first isolated from non-marine environment with agarase activity. Besides, seven strains were characterized by investigating the growth and agarase production in the presence of various polysaccharides. The results showed that they could grow on several polysaccharides such as araban, carrageenan, chitin, starch, and xylan. Besides, they could also produce agarase in the presence of different polysaccharides other than agar. Extracellular agarases from seven strains were further analyzed by SDS-PAGE combined with activity staining and estimated to be 75 kDa which has great difference from most reported agarases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29#, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Velioglu Z, Ozturk Urek R. Concurrent Biosurfactant and Ligninolytic Enzyme Production by Pleurotus spp. in Solid-State Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1354-1364. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Production of a bioemulsifier with potential application in the food industry. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3234-52. [PMID: 24504690 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are of considerable interest due to their biodegradability, low degree of toxicity, and diverse applications. However, the high production costs involved in the acquisition of biosurfactants underscore the need for optimization of the production process to enable viable application on an industrial scale. The aims of the present study were to select a species of Candida that produces a biosurfactant with the greatest emulsifying potential and to investigate the influence of components of the production medium and cultivation conditions. Candida utilis achieved the lowest surface tension (35.53 mN/m), best emulsification index (73%), and highest yield (12.52 g/l) in a medium containing waste canola frying oil as the carbon source and ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source. The best combination of medium components and cultivation conditions was 6% (w/v) glucose, 6% (w/v) waste canola frying oil, 0.2% (w/v) ammonium nitrate, 0.3% (w/v) yeast extract, 150 rpm, 1% inoculum (w/v), and 88 h of fermentation. The greatest biosurfactant production and the lowest surface tension were achieved in the first 24 h of production, and the maximum biomass production was recorded at 72 h. The biosurfactant produced from C. utilis under the conditions investigated in the present study has a potential to be a bioemulsifier for application in the food industry.
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Kavita K, Singh VK, Mishra A, Jha B. Characterisation and anti-biofilm activity of extracellular polymeric substances from Oceanobacillus iheyensis. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Effect of unconventional carbon sources on biosurfactant production and its application in bioremediation. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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