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Eskiköy Bayraktepe D, Yıldız C, Yazan Z. The development of electrochemical DNA biosensor based on poly-l-methionine and bimetallic AuPt nanoparticles coating: Picomolar detection of Imatinib and Erlotinib. Talanta 2023; 257:124361. [PMID: 36801759 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on the preparation of a new and simple electrochemical DNA biosensor based on DNA/AuPt/p-L-Met coating on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) and its use in the determination of the cancer therapy agents, Imatinib (IMA) and Erlotinib (ERL). Poly-l-methionine (p-L-Met), gold, and platinum nanoparticles (AuPt) were successfully coated by one-step electrodeposition onto the SPE from a solution containing L-Met, HAuCl4, and H2PtCl6. The immobilization of DNA was achieved by drop-casting on the surface of the modified electrode. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the morphology, the structure, and the electrochemical performance of the sensor. Experimental factors influencing the coating and DNA immobilization processes were optimized. The peak currents originating from guanine (G) and adenine (A) oxidation of ds-DNA were used as signals to quantify IMA and ERL in the concentration range 2.33-80 nM and 0.032-1.0 nM with the LODs of 0.18 nM and 0.009 nM, respectively. The biosensor developed was suitable for determining IMA and ERL in human serum and pharmaceutical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ceren Yıldız
- Ankara University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yazan
- Ankara University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry, Ankara, 06560, Turkey.
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2
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Hu H, Wu S, Wang C, Wang X, Shi X. Electrochemical behaviour of cellulose/reduced graphene oxide/carbon fiber paper electrodes towards the highly sensitive detection of amitrole. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1867-1876. [PMID: 36712608 PMCID: PMC9830654 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07662d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amitrole is a non-selective triazole herbicide that is widespread used to control a variety of weeds in agriculture, but it may pollute the environment and do harm to organisms. Thus, it is of critical significance to enlist a low-cost, sensitive, stable and renewable method to detect amitrole. In this paper, electrochemical experiments were carried out using carbon fibers/reduced graphene oxide/cellulose paper electrodes, which demonstrated good electrocatalytic performance for amitrole detection. The electrochemical process of amitrole on the surface of the reduced paper electrode was a quasi-reversible reaction controlled by diffusion. Cyclic voltammetry and the amperometric i-t curve method were used for amitrole determination at a micro molar level and higher-concentration range with the following characteristics: linear range 5 × 10-6 mol L-1 to 3 × 10-5 mol L-1, detection limit 2.44 × 10-7 mol L-1. In addition, the relative standard deviation of repeatability is 3.74% and of stability is 4.68%. The reduced paper electrode with high sensitivity, low detection limit, good stability and repeatability provides novel ideas for on-site amitrole detection in food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hu
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China
| | - Si Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources, Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- School of Resource and Environmental Science, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China
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3
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Manasa G, Bhakta AK, Bafna J, Mascarenhas RJ, Malode SJ, Shetti NP. An amperometric sensor composed of carbon hybrid-structure for the degradation of aminotriazole herbicide. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113541. [PMID: 35640708 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of the herbicide aminotriazole (3-ATA) in agriculture poses rising concerns about global water-borne contamination. Due to its toxicity which is known to cause cancer and thyroid dysfunction, 3-ATA is considered an important analytical target. Environmental protection agencies worldwide have introduced several directives that set concentration limits for chemicals to combat water pollution. Hence, to evaluate the presence of 3-ATA in water and limit their impact on ecosystems and human health, the development of an efficient real-time monitoring device is the key. The as-synthesized copper oxide decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes at 400 °C (CuO-MWCNT@400) showed remarkable efficiency as modifiers. Under optimal conditions, we explored the direct oxidation of 3-ATA at CuO-MWCNT@400 modified carbon paste electrode (MCPE). With its distinguishing synergistic features like high levels of porosity, stability, and surface area, this structure favoured greater detection, selectivity, and sensitivity. The amperometric i-t curve technique was adopted for the first time for 3-ATA quantification. This technique rendered a good detection sensitivity of 1.65 × 10-8 mol L-1 and anti-interference characteristics for several interferent species, including fungicides, fertilizers, herbicides, inorganic ions, and carbohydrates. Finally, the proof-of-concept was yielded by selective and sensitive detection of 3-ATA from two different samples of spiked water. We believe this work will enhance awareness and garner appreciation of the electrochemical sensor's analytical performance in protecting our environment and water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manasa
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Lalbagh Road, Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India
| | - Arvind K Bhakta
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Lalbagh Road, Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeevika Bafna
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Lalbagh Road, Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India
| | - Ronald J Mascarenhas
- Electrochemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Lalbagh Road, Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shweta J Malode
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnataka, India.
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4
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Çakır O, Bakhshpour M, Göktürk I, Yılmaz F, Baysal Z. Sensitive and selective detection of amitrole based on molecularly imprinted nanosensor. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2929. [PMID: 34378825 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SPR sensor used for amitrole detection was prepared without using any modification. Molecularly imprinted SPR sensor enabled high selectivity for amitrole pesticide. Amino acid-based functional monomer MATrp was integrated as a recognition element. Tailor-made SPR sensor enables real-time monitoring of amitrole pesticide. Synthetic recognition sites provided by MATrp were prepared without labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuz Çakır
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | | | - Ilgım Göktürk
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry Technology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gerede, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Baysal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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5
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Development of a colorimetric sensor array based on monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles for discrimination of triazole fungicides. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:5297-5308. [PMID: 33855603 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the widespread use of pesticides and their harmful effects on humans and wildlife, monitoring their residual amounts in crops is critically essential but still challenging regarding the development of high-throughput approaches. Herein, a colorimetric sensor array has been proposed for discrimination and identification of triazole fungicides using monometallic and bimetallic silver and gold nanoparticles. Aggregation-induced behavior of AgNPs, AuNPs, and Au-AgNPs in the presence of four triazole fungicides produced a fingerprint response pattern for each analyte. Innovative changes to the metal composition of nanoparticles leads to the production of entirely distinct response patterns that can be used for the detection and discrimination of triazoles. Pattern recognition methods, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis, have been employed for the differentiation of triazoles in the concentration range of 0.1-0.55 μg mL-1. Besides, the sensor array demonstrates promising practicability to satisfactorily distinguished triazole in mixtures and complex media of wheat flour and cucumber samples. The proposed colorimetric sensor array might pave the way towards a cost-effective and rapid, yet sensitive platform for high-throughput monitoring of residual amounts of pesticides for on-site applications.
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6
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Congur G. Monitoring of glyphosate-DNA interaction and synergistic genotoxic effect of glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using an electrochemical biosensor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116360. [PMID: 33412448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is a broad-spectrum herbicide used worldwide to control broadleaf sedge, and grass weeds to control non-specific vegetation. Although it was evaluated as non-toxic agent in 20th century, its carcinogenic and genotoxic potential has being intensively investigated all over the world in the last decade. Moreover, the combination of GLY and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been widely applied. Although genotoxicity of GLY has been evaluated in vivo studies, there is no report in the literature for the monitoring of in vitro biointeraction of GLY and double stranded DNA, or how effect the combination of GLY and 2,4-D onto DNA. Herein, an electrochemical biosensor platform was developed for detection of the pesticide-DNA interaction by using disposable pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs). First, voltammetric detection of the interaction between GLY and DNA was investigated and the electrochemical characterization of the interaction was achieved. Taking a step further, the synergistic genotoxic effect of the mixture of GLY and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or the mixture of their herbicide forms onto DNA could be monitored. This effect was concentration dependent, and the herbicide of GLY or the use of mixture of herbicides of GLY and 2,4-D had more genotoxic effect than analytical grade of the active molecules, GLY and 2,4-D. The single-use PGEs provided to fabricate robust, eco-friendly and time saver recognition platform for monitoring of herbicide-DNA interaction with the sensitive and reliable results. It is expected that this study will lead to be designed miniaturized lab-on-a chip platforms for on-line analysis of the pesticide-nucleic acid interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Congur
- Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Vocational School of Health Services, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey; Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Biotechnology Application and Research Center, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
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7
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Malode SJ, Keerthi Prabhu K, Shetti NP. Electrocatalytic behavior of a heterostructured nanocomposite sensor for aminotriazole. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04644b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterostructured nano-composite sensor for aminotriazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta J. Malode
- Center for Electrochemical Science & Materials
- Department of Engineering Chemistry
- K.L.E. Institute of Technology
- Hubballi 580027
- India
| | - K. Keerthi Prabhu
- Center for Electrochemical Science & Materials
- Department of Engineering Chemistry
- K.L.E. Institute of Technology
- Hubballi 580027
- India
| | - Nagaraj P. Shetti
- Center for Electrochemical Science & Materials
- Department of Engineering Chemistry
- K.L.E. Institute of Technology
- Hubballi 580027
- India
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8
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Zare AR, Ensafi AA, Rezaei B. An impedimetric biosensor based on poly(l-lysine)-decorated multiwall carbon nanotubes for the determination of diazinon in water and fruits. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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He X, Xing R, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. The improved antiviral activities of amino-modified chitosan derivatives on Newcastle virus. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:335-340. [PMID: 31179762 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1620264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is widely used as a medical material because of its excellent biological activities. However, the low solubility of natural chitosan limited its medicinal activity to some extent. The solubility can be improved by introducing more active groups and lowering molecular weight. Therefore, 6-amine chitosan derivatives were synthesized in this paper since more active groups were introduced to increase the medicinal activity. Those derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, HPLC, and FT-IR and the antiviral activity was tested by hemagglutination tests. Finally, 6-amine chitosan derivatives improved the antiviral activity, especially after the introduction of bromine ion. When 6-deoxy-6-bromo-N-phthaloyl chitosan was 1 g/L, they reduced the hemagglutination titer of virus to zero. The RT-PCR result showed that the expression level of TNF-α and IFN-β increased significantly, which indicated that the antiviral activity of amino-modified chitosan worked through the stimulation of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei He
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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10
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Zhou Y, Fang Y, Ramasamy RP. Non-Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes for Electrochemical Biosensor Development. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E392. [PMID: 30669367 PMCID: PMC6358788 DOI: 10.3390/s19020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied and used for the construction of electrochemical biosensors owing to their small size, cylindrical shape, large surface-to-volume ratio, high conductivity and good biocompatibility. In electrochemical biosensors, CNTs serve a dual purpose: they act as immobilization support for biomolecules as well as provide the necessary electrical conductivity for electrochemical transduction. The ability of a recognition molecule to detect the analyte is highly dependent on the type of immobilization used for the attachment of the biomolecule to the CNT surface, a process also known as biofunctionalization. A variety of biofunctionalization methods have been studied and reported including physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, polymer encapsulation etc. Each method carries its own advantages and limitations. In this review we provide a comprehensive review of non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with a variety of biomolecules for the development of electrochemical biosensors. This method of immobilization is increasingly being used in bioelectrode development using enzymes for biosensor and biofuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
- Nano Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Yi Fang
- Nano Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Ramaraja P Ramasamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
- Nano Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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11
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Hatamluyi B, Es'haghi Z. Quantitative Biodetection of Anticancer Drug Rituxan with DNA Biosensor Modified PAMAM Dendrimer/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Hatamluyi
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; 19395-4697 Tehran I.R. of IRAN
| | - Zarrin Es'haghi
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; 19395-4697 Tehran I.R. of IRAN
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12
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Aptamer@Au-o-phenylenediamine modified pencil graphite electrode: A new selective electrochemical impedance biosensor for the determination of insulin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Using a fluorescence quenching method to detect DNA adsorption onto single-walled carbon nanotube surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:201-206. [PMID: 28934663 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with DNA molecules has attracted much attention in recent years to increase SWNT solubility and make various SWNT-based nanobiodevices. Therefore, there is a critical need to quantify the interaction between DNA molecules and SWNT surfaces, particularly the intermediate structures during DNA adsorption. In this study, we demonstrate the ability to detect the adsorption of DNA oligomers on SWNT surfaces by fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescein-labelled, 30mer, thymine oligonucleotides (F-T30) were employed as a fluorescent probe to study the interaction of DNA with SWNTs. A clear quenching effect was observed when F-T30 was adsorbed onto SWNT surfaces. Using this method, the amount of DNA adsorbed onto the SWNT surfaces was measured under different sonication conditions to correlate adsorption efficiency with sonication strength and duration. When a bath-type sonicator was used, mild adsorption of F-T30 on SWNT surfaces was observed. Furthermore, a two-step adsorption was observed in this condition. In contrast, we observed rapid adsorption of F-T30 to SWNT surfaces at the higher sonication amplitude (60% maximal) using a probe-type sonicator, while only slight adsorption of DNA molecules was observed at the lower amplitude (20% maximal). Our data revealed that the quenching effect can be used to evaluate DNA adsorption onto SWNT surfaces. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) were conducted to provide complementary information on the DNA-SWNT nanoconjugates.
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14
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Khan I, Pandit UJ, Limaye SN. Design of Electrochemically Modified fMWCNT-pencil Graphite Electrode Decorated with Cu and Ag Nanofilm and its Electrocatalytic Behavior Towards Imazethapyr. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Rare Earth and Electroanalytical Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Dr. HariSingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar, (M.P.); India
| | - Umar J. Pandit
- Rare Earth and Electroanalytical Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Dr. HariSingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar, (M.P.); India
| | - Sudhir N. Limaye
- Rare Earth and Electroanalytical Research Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Dr. HariSingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University) Sagar, (M.P.); India
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15
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Khan I, Pandit UJ, Wankar S, Limaye SN. Design of Electrochemical Sensor Based on fMWCNT-CPE Decorated with Ti Nanofilm and Its Electrocatalytic Behavior Towards Aminotriazole. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Ozkan-Ariksoysal D, Kayran YU, Yilmaz FF, Ciucu AA, David IG, David V, Hosgor-Limoncu M, Ozsoz M. DNA-wrapped multi-walled carbon nanotube modified electrochemical biosensor for the detection of Escherichia coli from real samples. Talanta 2017; 166:27-35. [PMID: 28213234 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces DNA-wrapped multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified genosensor for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified real samples while Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was used to investigate the selectivity of the biosensor. The capture probe specifically recognizing E. coli DNA and it was firstly interacted with MWCNTs for wrapping of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) onto the nanomaterial. DNA-wrapped MWCNTs were then immobilised on the surface of disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) for the detection of DNA hybridization. Electrochemical behaviors of the modified PGEs were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sequence selective DNA hybridization was determined and evaluated by changes in the intrinsic guanine oxidation signal at about 1.0V by DPV. Numerous factors affecting the hybridization were optimized such as target concentration, hybridization time, etc. The designed DNA sensor can well detect E. coli DNA in 20min detection time with 0.5pmole of detection limit in 30µL of sample volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsat Ozkan-Ariksoysal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Yasin Ugur Kayran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fethiye Ferda Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anton Alexandru Ciucu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Avenue, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Avenue, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Avenue, District 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mine Hosgor-Limoncu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozsoz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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17
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Simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, acetaminophen and codeine based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with magnetic nanoparticles paste electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:1-11. [PMID: 27612682 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on incorporating ZnCrFeO4 into multi-walled carbon nanotubes paste matrix (MWCNTs/ZnCrFeO4/CPE), a chemically modified electrode was prepared for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (AA), acetaminophen (AC) and codeine (CO). The prepared electrode, MWCNTs/ZnCrFeO4/CPE, was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The MWCNTs/ZnCrFeO4/CPE showed an efficient electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of AA, AC, and CO. The separations of the oxidation peak potentials for AA-AC and AC-CO were about 250mV and 630mV, respectively. The calibration curves obtained for AA, AC, and CO were in the ranges of 0.4-730.0μmolL(-1), 0.1-368.0μmolL(-1), and 0.3-250.0μmolL(-1), respectively. The detection limits (S/N=3) were 0.03μmolL(-1), 0.009μmolL(-1), and 0.01μmolL(-1) for AA, AC, and CO, respectively. The method was also successfully employed as a selective, simple, and precise method to determinate AA, AC, and CO in pharmaceutical and biological samples.
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Ozkan SA, Uslu B. From mercury to nanosensors: Past, present and the future perspective of electrochemistry in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:126-140. [PMID: 27210510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polarography was the first developed automated method of voltage-controlled electrolysis with dropping mercury electrode (DME). Then, hanging mercury drop and static mercury drop electrodes were added as an alternative indicator electrode. In this way, polarography turned formally into voltammetry with mercury electrodes in the electroreduction way. Solid electrodes such as noble metal and carbon based electrodes can be used for the investigation of the compounds for both oxidation and reduction directions, which is called voltammetry. The voltammetric and polarographic techniques are more sensitive, reproducible, and easily used electroanalytical methods that can be alternative to more frequently used separation and spectrometric methods. Furthermore, in some cases there is a relationship between voltammetry and pharmaceutical samples, and the knowledge of the mechanism of their electrode reactions can give a useful clue in elucidation of the mechanism of their interaction with living cells. The voltammetric and polarographic analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical preparations are by far the most common use of electrochemistry for analytical pharmaceutical problems. Recent trends and challenges in the electrochemical methods for the detection of DNA hybridization and pathogens are available. Low cost, small sample requirement and possibility of miniaturization justifies their increasing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies on the interaction between luteolin and DNA. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Mani V, Devasenathipathy R, Chen SM, Vasantha VS, Ajmal Ali M, Huang ST, Al-Hemaid FMA. A simple electrochemical platform based on pectin stabilized gold nanoparticles for picomolar detection of biologically toxic amitrole. Analyst 2016; 140:5764-71. [PMID: 26171468 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00930h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amitrole is a biologically toxic nonselective herbicide which contaminates surface and ground waters at unprecedented rates. All reported modified electrodes that detect amitrole within sub-micromolar to nanomolar levels were based on the electro-oxidation of amitrole. Herein, we developed a new conceptual idea to detect picomolar concentrations of amitrole based on calcium cross linked pectin stabilized gold nanoparticle (CCLP-GNP) film modified electrode which was prepared by electrodeposition. When the electrochemical behavior of amitrole was investigated at the CCLP-GNP film, the reduction peak current of the GNPs linearly decreased as the concentration of amitrole increases. We have designed a determination platform based on the amitrole dependent decrease of the GNP cathodic peak. The described concept and high sensitivity of square wave voltammetry together facilitate the great sensing ability; as a result the described approach is able to reach a low detection limit of 36 pM which surpassed the detection limits of existing protocols. The sensor presents a good ability to determine amitrole in two linear concentration ranges: (1) 100 pM-1500 pM with a detection limit of 36 pM; (2) 100 nM-1500 nM with a detection limit of 20 nM. The preparation of CCLP-GNPs is simple, rapid and does not require any reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerappan Mani
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No.1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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21
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Hayashida T, Umemura K. Atomic Force Microscopy of DNA-wrapped Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:526-531. [PMID: 27045980 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated hybrids of DNA and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in aqueous solution and in air using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Although intensive AFM observations of these hybrids were previously carried out for samples in air, this is the first report on AFM observations of these hybrids in solution. As expected, diameters of DNA-SWNT hybrids dramatically increased in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (TE) buffer solution. The data suggest that DNA molecules maintain their structures even on the SWNT surfaces. Furthermore, we simultaneously observed single DNA-SWNT hybrids using three different AFM modes in air and in the TE buffer solution. Height value of the hybrids was largest in the solution, and lowest for the mode that repulsive force is expected in air. For the bare SWNT molecules, height differences among the three AFM modes were much lower than those of the DNA-SWNT hybrids. DNA molecules adsorbed on SWNT surfaces flexibly changed their morphology as well as DNA molecules on flat surfaces such as mica. This is hopeful results for biological applications of DNA-SWNT hybrids. In addition, our results revealed the importance of the single-molecule approach to evaluate DNA structures on SWNT surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hayashida
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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22
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Taei M, Abedi F. New modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes paste electrode for electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of warfarin in biological and pharmaceutical samples. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)61039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Umemura K, Ishibashi Y, Oura S. Physisorption of DNA molecules on chemically modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with and without sonication. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:483-9. [PMID: 26846296 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the physisorption phenomenon of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules onto two types of commercially available chemically functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and agarose gel electrophoresis. We found that DNA molecules can adsorb on the water-soluble SWNT surfaces without sonication, although sonication treatment has been used for hybridization of DNA and SWNTs in many previous studies. Using our method, damage of DNA molecules by sonication can be avoided. On the other hand, the amount of DNA molecules adsorbed on SWNT surfaces increased when the samples were sonicated. This fact suggests that the sonication is effective not only at debundling of SWNTs, but also at assisting DNA adsorption. Furthermore, DNA adsorption was affected by the types of functionalized SWNTs. In the case of SWNTs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG-SWNT), physisorption of ssDNA molecules was confirmed only by agarose-gel electrophoresis. In contrast, amino-terminated SWNTs (NH2-SWNTs) showed a change in the height distribution profile based on AFM observations. These results suggest that DNA molecules tended to adsorb to NH2-SWNT surfaces, although DNA molecules can also adsorb on PEG-SWNT surfaces. Our results revealed fundamental information for developing nanobiodevices using hybrids of DNA and SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Umemura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yu Ishibashi
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shusuke Oura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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Tiwari JN, Vij V, Kemp KC, Kim KS. Engineered Carbon-Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomolecules. ACS NANO 2016; 10:46-80. [PMID: 26579616 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of electrochemical behavior of bioactive molecules has become one of the most rapidly developing scientific fields. Biotechnology and biomedical engineering fields have a vested interest in constructing more precise and accurate voltammetric/amperometric biosensors. One rapidly growing area of biosensor design involves incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials in working electrodes, such as one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, two-dimensional graphene, and graphene oxide. In this review article, we give a brief overview describing the voltammetric techniques and how these techniques are applied in biosensing, as well as the details surrounding important biosensing concepts of sensitivity and limits of detection. Building on these important concepts, we show how the sensitivity and limit of detection can be tuned by including carbon-based nanomaterials in the fabrication of biosensors. The sensing of biomolecules including glucose, dopamine, proteins, enzymes, uric acid, DNA, RNA, and H2O2 traditionally employs enzymes in detection; however, these enzymes denature easily, and as such, enzymeless methods are highly desired. Here we draw an important distinction between enzymeless and enzyme-containing carbon-nanomaterial-based biosensors. The review ends with an outlook of future concepts that can be employed in biosensor fabrication, as well as limitations of already proposed materials and how such sensing can be enhanced. As such, this review can act as a roadmap to guide researchers toward concepts that can be employed in the design of next generation biosensors, while also highlighting the current advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra N Tiwari
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Varun Vij
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - K Christian Kemp
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Kwang S Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798, Korea
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Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N. Pharmacogenomic study using bio- and nanobioelectrochemistry: Drug-DNA interaction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 61:1002-17. [PMID: 26838928 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules that bind genomic DNA have proven that they can be effective anticancer, antibiotic and antiviral therapeutic agents that affect the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Drug-DNA interaction affects DNA replication and division; causes strand breaks, and mutations. Therefore, the investigation of drug-DNA interaction is needed to understand the mechanism of drug action as well as in designing DNA-targeted drugs. On the other hand, the interaction between DNA and drugs can cause chemical and conformational modifications and, thus, variation of the electrochemical properties of nucleobases. For this purpose, electrochemical methods/biosensors can be used toward detection of drug-DNA interactions. The present paper reviews the drug-DNA interactions, their types and applications of electrochemical techniques used to study interactions between DNA and drugs or small ligand molecules that are potentially of pharmaceutical interest. The results are used to determine drug binding sites and sequence preference, as well as conformational changes due to drug-DNA interactions. Also, the intention of this review is to give an overview of the present state of the drug-DNA interaction cognition. The applications of electrochemical techniques for investigation of drug-DNA interaction were reviewed and we have discussed the type of qualitative or quantitative information that can be obtained from the use of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanochemistry, Nano Technology Research Center and Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Electrochemical ds-DNA-based biosensor decorated with chitosan modified multiwall carbon nanotubes for phenazopyridine biodetection. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-Chitosan Modified Single-Use Biosensors for Electrochemical Monitoring of Drug-DNA Interactions. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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28
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Highly Selective Electrochemical Determination of Taxol Based on ds-DNA-Modified Pencil Electrode. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:344-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Umemura K. Hybrids of Nucleic Acids and Carbon Nanotubes for Nanobiotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 5:321-350. [PMID: 28347014 PMCID: PMC5312852 DOI: 10.3390/nano5010321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the combination of nucleic acids and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been briefly reviewed here. Since discovering the hybridization phenomenon of DNA molecules and CNTs in 2003, a large amount of fundamental and applied research has been carried out. Among thousands of papers published since 2003, approximately 240 papers focused on biological applications were selected and categorized based on the types of nucleic acids used, but not the types of CNTs. This survey revealed that the hybridization phenomenon is strongly affected by various factors, such as DNA sequences, and for this reason, fundamental studies on the hybridization phenomenon are important. Additionally, many research groups have proposed numerous practical applications, such as nanobiosensors. The goal of this review is to provide perspective on biological applications using hybrids of nucleic acids and CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Umemura
- Biophysics Section, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan.
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30
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Ensafi AA, Heydari-Bafrooei E, Rezaei B. On the Use of Amperometry for Real Time Assessment of Drug-Release Profile from Therapeutic Nanoparticles. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Primo E, Gutierrez F, Luque G, Dalmasso P, Gasnier A, Jalit Y, Moreno M, Bracamonte M, Rubio ME, Pedano M, Rodríguez M, Ferreyra N, Rubianes M, Bollo S, Rivas G. Comparative study of the electrochemical behavior and analytical applications of (bio)sensing platforms based on the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in different polymers. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 805:19-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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