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Zafar S, Rana SJ, Sayed E, Chohan TA, Kucuk I, Nazari K, Arshad MS, Ahmad Z. Enhancing linezolid activity in the treatment of oral biofilms using novel chitosan microneedles with iontophoretic control. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 164:213995. [PMID: 39154559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare and assess active microneedle (MN) patches based on a novel biomaterial and their effective coupled (physical and electrical) transdermal delivery of a model drug (Linezoid). Modified MN patches (e.g. fabricated from Linezoid, boronated chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and D-sorbitol) were engineered using a vacuum micromoulding method. Physicochemical, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), in-silico, structural and thermal analysis of prepared formulations were conducted to ascertain MN quality, composition and integrity. In-vitro mechanical tests, membrane toxicity, drug release, antibiofilm, ex-vivo mucoadhesion, insertion and in-vivo antibiofilm studies were performed to further validate viability of the coupled system. Optimized MN patch formulation (CSHP3 - comprising of 3 % w/v boronated chitosan, 3.5 % w/v PVA and 10 % w/w D-sorbitol) exhibited sharp-tipped, equi-distant and uniform-surfaced micron-scaled projections with conforming physicochemical features. FTIR analysis confirmed modification (i.e., boronation) of chitosan and compatibility as well as interaction between CSHP3 constituents. In-silico analysis indicated non-covalent interactions between all formulation constituents. Moreover, boronated chitosan-mucin glycoprotein complex showed a stronger bonding (∼1.86 times higher CScore) as compared to linezolid-mucin counterpart. Thermal analysis indicated amorphous nature of CSHP3. A ∼ 1.42 times higher tensile strength was displayed by CSHP3 as compared to control (i.e., pure chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and D-sorbitol-based MN patch). Membrane toxicity study indicated non-toxic and physiological compatible nature of CSHP3. Within 90 min, 91.99 ± 2.3 % linezolid was released from CSHP3. During release study on agarose gel, CSHP3-iontophoresis treatment resulted in a ∼ 1.78 and ∼ 1.20 times higher methylene blue-covered area and optical density, respectively, within 60 min as compared to CSHP3 treatment alone. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms treated with CSHP3 exhibited 65 ± 4.2 % reduction in their mass. CSHP3 MN patches remained adhered to the rabbit oral mucosa for 6 ± 0.15 h. Mucosa treated with CSHP3 and CSHP3-iontophoresis combination showed a generation of pathways in the epithelium layers without any damage to the underlying lamina propria. Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus from oral mucosal wounds and complete tissue regeneration was recorded following 7-day treatment using CSHP3-iontophoresis coupled approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Zafar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Jafar Rana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Elshaimaa Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Israfil Kucuk
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom; Institute of Nanotechnology, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey
| | - Kazem Nazari
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom.
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do Couto RO, Thomaz DV, Duarte MPF, Lopez RFV, Pedrazzi V, de Freitas O, Tartaglia GM. Assessing α-Bisabolol as a Transmucosal Permeation Enhancer of Buccal Local Anesthetics. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:1198. [PMID: 39339234 PMCID: PMC11434793 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16091198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Needle-free buccal anesthesia improves dental treatment outcomes for both patients and dentists. In this study, we report on an assessment of the enhancement effects of α-bisabolol on the in vitro transmucosal permeation of prilocaine hydrochloride (PCl) and lidocaine hydrochloride (LCl) from needleless buccal films. We also evaluated the mechanical properties of the film, which consisted of Methocel™ K100 LV as the film-forming polymer (3% m·m-1), PEG 400 as a cosolvent (15% m·m-1 based on drug loading), α-bisabolol (15 and 30% m·m-1 based on drug loading), and the drugs combined at a 1:1 ratio (15 mg·unit-1). The porcine esophageal epithelium was used as a membrane barrier, and artificial saliva was the release medium. After a 1 h experiment at 25 ± 2 °C, α-bisabolol significantly decreased, rather than enhanced, the permeation fluxes (five-fold), permeability coefficients (seven-fold), and retentions (two-fold) of both PCl and LCl through the epithelium, regardless of the concentration. Moreover, the resistance and flexibility of the films markedly decreased compared to those without α-bisabolol. Therefore, under the experimental conditions, using α-bisabolol as a buccal permeation enhancer for the hydrophilic local anesthetics PCl and LCl from buccal films is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renê Oliveira do Couto
- “Dona Lindu” Midwest Campus, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinopolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Douglas Vieira Thomaz
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (D.V.T.); (G.M.T.)
| | - Maira Perez Ferreira Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (M.P.F.D.); (R.F.V.L.); (O.d.F.)
| | - Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (M.P.F.D.); (R.F.V.L.); (O.d.F.)
| | - Vinícius Pedrazzi
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil;
| | - Osvaldo de Freitas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (M.P.F.D.); (R.F.V.L.); (O.d.F.)
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy; (D.V.T.); (G.M.T.)
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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da Silva CB, dos Santos CP, Serpe L, Sanchez JB, Ferreira LEN, de Melo NFS, Groppo FC, Fraceto LF, Volpato MC, Franz-Montan M. Polymeric Nanocapsules Loaded with Lidocaine: A Promising Formulation for Topical Dental Anesthesia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:485. [PMID: 38675445 PMCID: PMC11054800 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lidocaine is the most commonly used local anesthetic worldwide, known for its rapid onset and moderate duration of anesthesia. However, it is short-lived and does not effectively promote effective topical anesthesia in the oral cavity when used alone. Our aim was to investigate whether an approximate 50% encapsulation of lidocaine in poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (LDC-Nano) would be able to increase its permeation and analgesic efficacy and reduce cytotoxicity. In this study, we characterized LDC-Nano and conducted MTT tests with HaCaT cells to assess their in vitro cytotoxicity. Additionally, in vitro permeation assays across the pig esophageal epithelium and the anesthetic efficacy of the hind paw incision model in rats were performed. Plain lidocaine (LDC) was compared with LDC-Nano and lidocaine hydrochloride plus epinephrine (LDC-Epi). The physicochemical characteristics of LDC-Nano were satisfactory (pH: 8.1 ± 0.21; polydispersity index: 0.08 ± 0.01; mean diameter (nm): 557.8 ± 22.7; and encapsulation efficiency (%): 51.8 ± 1.87) and remained stable for up to 4 months. LDC-Nano presented similar in vitro cytotoxicity to LDC but was higher than LDC-Epi (LD50: LDC = 0.48%; LDC-Nano = 0.47%; and LDC-Epi = 0.58%; p < 0.0001). Encapsulation increased the permeability coefficient about 6.6 times and about 7.5 the steady-state flux of lidocaine across the mucosal epithelium. Both encapsulation and epinephrine improved anesthesia duration, with epinephrine demonstrating superior efficacy (100% of animals were anesthetized up to 100, 30, and 20 min when LDC-Epi, LDC-nano, and LDC were used, respectively). Although LDC-Epi demonstrated superior in vivo anesthetic efficacy, the in vitro permeation and cytotoxicity of LDC-Nano indicate promising avenues for future research, particularly in exploring its potential application as a topical anesthetic in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Batista da Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Cleiton Pita dos Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Luciano Serpe
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Jonny Burga Sanchez
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Luiz Eduardo Nunes Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP 07023-070, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba, SP 18087-180, Brazil; (N.F.S.d.M.); (L.F.F.)
| | - Maria Cristina Volpato
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Michelle Franz-Montan
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; (C.B.d.S.); (C.P.d.S.); (L.S.); (J.B.S.); (L.E.N.F.); (F.C.G.); (M.C.V.)
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Miranda TC, Oliveira LA, Hilgert LA, Cunha-Filho M, Gelfuso GM, Gratieri T. Iontophoresis use for increasing drug penetration into root canals and dentinal tubules: A proof-of-concept study. J Dent 2024; 141:104797. [PMID: 38061412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The success of endodontic treatment depends on the significant disinfection of the root canal system, its irregularities, and dentinal tubules. However, achieving complete disinfection remains challenging, with frequent failures and occurrence of secondary infections. Here, we propose using iontophoresis to increase the penetration and distribution of disinfecting agents into root canals, using methylene blue for proof-of-concept. METHODS The marker was applied in bovine root canals, and the radial distribution of the dye in the dentinal tubules was evaluated by optical microscopy. Iontophoresis was applied at 0.5 and 1.5 mA for 5 and 15 min. RESULTS A significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the marker penetration between passive and iontophoretic applications. Both current density and application time had an important effect on methylene blue distribution, with a greater efficacy delivery to the apical region achieved after 1.5 mA for 5 min or 0.5 mA for 15 min, showing longer application time can compensate for lower application current. CONCLUSION Iontophoresis increases the penetration and distribution of methylene blue into bovine root canals and dentinal tubules, including its innermost portions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Iontophoresis has shown to be a promising technique for root canal and dentinal tubule disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires C Miranda
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Laudimar A Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Hilgert
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Medeiros L, Dos Santos RF, da Rolt Nervis B, Jacobi M, Hashizume LN, Gazzi RP, Visioli F, Nunes JS, Lavayen V, De Franco VC, Daitx TS, Pereira SC, Ferreira GA, Pohlmann A, Guterres S, Frank LA, Bussamara R. Synthesis of films based on chitosan and protic ionic liquids to be used as wound dressing on the oral mucosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127134. [PMID: 37776933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosal ulcerations expose connective tissue to different pathogens and this can progress to systemic infection. This study aimed to synthesize environmentally-friendly films with chitosan and protic ionic liquids, possessing mucoadhesive properties, activity against opportunistic microorganisms, enhanced malleability and mechanical resistance to be used as a wound dressing on the oral mucosa. Therefore, films with chitosan and 10, 35, and 50 % (wt/wt) of 2-hydroxy diethylammonium lactate, salicylate, and maleate protic ionic liquids were synthesized. Thickness measurements and mechanical properties analysis were performed. In addition, oral mucoadhesion, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity properties were investigated. Results showed that the addition of 35wt% and 50wt% of all kinds of protic ionic liquids tested presented significant improvements in film thickness and mechanical properties. Films based on chitosan and the protic ionic liquid 2-hydroxy diethylammonium salicylate at percentages of 35 and 50wt% exhibited superior mucoadhesive properties, antimicrobial activity on opportunistic microorganisms and an improvement in their flexibility after immersion in synthetic saliva. Cytotoxicity results suggest that all kinds of chitosan/protic ionic liquids films tested are safe for intra-oral use. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that these materials could be good candidates for efficient and environmentally-friendly wound dressing films on the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Medeiros
- Laboratory of Proteins and Microorganisms Applied to Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogério F Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Proteins and Microorganisms Applied to Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Brenda da Rolt Nervis
- Laboratory of Proteins and Microorganisms Applied to Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marly Jacobi
- Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lina Naomi Hashizume
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela P Gazzi
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia Silveira Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2492, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Lavayen
- Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C De Franco
- Laboratory of Magnetism, Institute of Physics, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tales S Daitx
- Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cerqueira Pereira
- Escola Politécnica(,) Department of Chemical Engineering, UFBA, R. Aristides Novis 2, CEP 40210-630 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gicelia Antonia Ferreira
- Escola Politécnica(,) Department of Chemical Engineering, UFBA, R. Aristides Novis 2, CEP 40210-630 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Adriana Pohlmann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90160-093 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guterres
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90160-093 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Abrahão Frank
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Post-Graduate Program, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90160-093 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Bussamara
- Laboratory of Proteins and Microorganisms Applied to Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Tani R, Yamasaki S, Hamada A, Higaki M, Asada Y, Yanamoto S. Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Lidocaine Tape for Topical Anesthesia of the Oral Mucosa: A Preliminary Controlled Trial. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:276. [PMID: 38132414 PMCID: PMC10742647 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Local anesthesia is administered to reduce pain-induced stress during dental treatment. However, local anesthetic injections are extremely painful; thus, methods to minimize this pain should be developed. Clinical studies on the pain-relieving effects of dental topical anesthetics have shown that few topical anesthetics provide fast and adequate pain relief without harming the oral mucosa. We examined the efficacy and safety of lidocaine tape, which has a potent topical anesthetic effect. Lidocaine tape was applied to the oral mucosa of 14 healthy participants, and its suppression effect was assessed by examining the pain intensity at the non-lidocaine tape-applied site using the visual analog evaluation scale and the verbal evaluation scale. Lidocaine tape application significantly reduced visual analog scale (VAS) scores during mucosal puncture compared to non-application (p < 0.01). Moreover, lidocaine tape application significantly reduced VAS scores during local anesthetic injection compared to non-application (p < 0.001). Adverse events were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0. No adverse events attributed to the application of lidocaine tape were observed in any participant. The findings in this study suggest that the application of lidocaine tape before infiltration anesthesia can reduce patient distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouji Tani
- Department of Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (S.Y.); (A.H.); (M.H.); (Y.A.); (S.Y.)
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Mistry H, Fernandes S, Haq MA, Bafna Y, Bhatt R, Sinha S, Gajjar S, Kumar S, Haque M. Iontophoresis-Infused Deep Topical Anesthesia and Injectable Local Anesthesia for Dental Procedures Among Pediatric Patients: Performances and Consequences. Cureus 2023; 15:e43748. [PMID: 37600432 PMCID: PMC10439667 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exploring routes of needle-free anesthesia has drawn particular attention to the iontophoretic technique. Iontophoresis has a wide range of applications in dentistry, treating hypersensitivity, oral ulcers, non-invasive procedures of deep topical anesthesia, etc. Hence, this research was performed for a comparative assessment of topical anesthesia spray infused via iontophoresis and local anesthesia (LA) infiltration for dental procedures among 5-12-year-old patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was undertaken over two years among study subjects aged 5 to 12 years. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the first (Group A - iontophoresis group) received topical anesthesia spray (Lidayn®; Pyrax Polymers, Roorkee, India) applied by iontophoresis, and the second (Group B - LA infiltration group) received local infiltration of 2% lignocaine solution (LignoTer®; Lusture Pharma, Ahmedabad, India), where primary teeth extraction or pulpectomy was performed. The Wong-Baker Facial Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS) was used for a subjective assessment immediately following anesthesia. RESULTS The mean value of current intensity for the extraction procedure was 9.43±0.95 mA, and the duration of application was 1.85±0.80 minutes. The mean value of current intensity for pulpectomy was 9.07±1.34 mA, and the time was 2.40±0.74 minutes. In inter-group comparison, WBFPRS scores were lower in Group A (1.96±1.64) compared to Group B (3.62±1.11), which was statistically significant with p=0.001. CONCLUSION Compared to local infiltration, iontophoresis as a non-invasive approach for topical anesthesia was more well-received by pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Mistry
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Shobha Fernandes
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, IND
| | - Md Ahsanul Haq
- Bio-Statistics, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, BGD
| | - Yash Bafna
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, IND
| | - Rohan Bhatt
- Pediatric Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Susmita Sinha
- Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD
| | - Shreya Gajjar
- Periodontology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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Wanasathop A, Nimmansophon P, Murawsky M, Krishnan DG, Li SK. Iontophoresis on Porcine and Human Gingiva. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1977-1987. [PMID: 37258949 PMCID: PMC10524680 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iontophoresis is a noninvasive method that enhances drug delivery using an electric field. This method can improve drug delivery to the tissues in the oral cavity. The effects of iontophoresis on gingival drug delivery have not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine the flux enhancement of model permeants across porcine and human gingiva during iontophoresis, (b) examine the transport mechanisms of gingival iontophoresis, and (c) evaluate the potential of iontophoretically enhanced delivery for three model drugs lidocaine, ketorolac, and chlorhexidine. METHODS Passive and iontophoretic fluxes were determined with porcine and human gingiva using a modified Franz diffusion cell and model drugs and permeants. To investigate the transport mechanisms of iontophoresis, the enhancement from the direct-field effect was determined by positively and negatively charged model permeants. The electroosmosis enhancement effect was determined with neutral permeants of different molecular weight. The alteration of the gingival barrier due to electropermeabilization was evaluated using electrical resistance measurements. RESULTS Significant flux enhancement was observed during gingival iontophoresis. The direct-field effect was the major mechanism governing the iontophoretic transport of the charged permeants. Electroosmosis was from anode to cathode. The effective pore radius of the iontophoretic transport pathways in the porcine gingiva was ~0.68 nm. Irreversible electropermeabilization was observed after 2 and 4 h of iontophoresis under the conditions studied. CONCLUSION Iontophoresis could enhance drug delivery and reduce transport lag time, showing promise for gingival drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apipa Wanasathop
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Patcharawan Nimmansophon
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Michael Murawsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0514, USA
| | - Deepak G Krishnan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - S Kevin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, MSB # 3005, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0514, USA.
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9
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Liu L, Wu D, Tu H, Cao M, Li M, Peng L, Yang J. Applications of Hydrogels in Drug Delivery for Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020146. [PMID: 36826316 PMCID: PMC9956178 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial diseases have an important impact on local function, facial appearance, and general health. As a multifunctional platform, hydrogels are widely used in the biomedical field due to their excellent physicochemical properties. In recent years, a large number of studies have been conducted to adapt hydrogels to the complex oral and maxillofacial environment by modulating their pore size, swelling, degradability, stimulus-response properties, etc. Meanwhile, many studies have attempted to use hydrogels as drug delivery carriers to load drugs, cytokines, and stem cells for antibacterial, anticancer, and tissue regeneration applications in oral and maxillofacial regions. This paper reviews the application and research progress of hydrogel-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases such as caries, endodontic diseases, periodontal diseases, maxillofacial bone diseases, mucosal diseases, oral cancer, etc. The characteristics and applications of hydrogels and drug-delivery systems employed for the treatment of different diseases are discussed in order to provide a reference for further research on hydrogel drug-delivery systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Heng Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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Huang M, Huang Y, LIU H, Tang Z, Chen Y, Huang Z, Xu S, Du J, Jia B. Hydrogels for Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases: Current Research, Challenge, and Future Directions. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6413-6446. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial diseases such as infection and trauma often involve various organs and tissues, resulting in structural defects, dysfunctions and/or adverse effects on facial appearance. Hydrogels have been applied...
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11
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Adami LE, Freitas OD, Figueiredo FATD, Ferreira MP, Macedo AP, Couto ROD, Pedrazzi V. Needle-free anesthesia: clinical efficacy of a mucoadhesive patch for atraumatic anesthesia in dental procedures. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e131. [PMID: 34932660 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study showcases the clinical efficacy of mucoadhesive patches designed for the buccal delivery of lidocaine and prilocaine hydrochlorides (1:1, 30 mg/patch). Such patches were developed for needle-free pre-operative local anesthesia in dentistry, aiming at mitigating the use of infiltrative anesthesia for medium-complexity clinical procedures. The patches were manufactured encompassing drug-release, mucoadhesive and backing layers, all prepared through film casting using biocompatible materials. Fifty-eight (n = 58) adult patients (65% women and 35% men) were randomly selected and included in a one-arm open clinical prospective cohort study. The average age of the subjects was of 50 years. The majority (59%) of the subjects, mostly women (82%), reported needle-phobia or anxiety due to dental procedures, which was assessed through a questionnaire approved by the ethical council for human use in research. The patches were positioned in the gingival region of the teeth involved in the procedure (86% on the maxillary and 14% on the mandibular bone). Two anesthetic patches were applied on each patient: one in the vestibular region and another in the palate/lingual portion, and these patches remained attached to the placement sites throughout the procedures. Concerning the dental procedures performed, 40% were cavity preparations and dental restorations of medium cavities; 29% staple facilities; 10% gingival retractions; 9% subgingival scrapings; 3% gingivalplasties; 3% supragingival preparations; 3% occlusal adjustments; and 2% subgingival preparations. In 90% of the cases, it was not necessary to complement with conventional infiltrative local anesthesia during the procedures. Patients did not report any discomfort or side effect during or after the administration of the patches. Among the cases in which there was the need for complementation, 50% were cavity preparations and dental restorations; 33% supragingival preparations; and 17% gingivoplasties. The complementary anesthesia volume was of 0.63 ± 0.23 mL and women corresponded to 83% of the participants who needed such intervention. Furthermore, in most cases, the patch was capable of initiating the anesthesia within a short time frame (5 minutes) and reaching the maximum anesthetic effect within 15 and 25 min, lasting at least 50 min. Undesirable side effects were not reported either 2 h after the administration or within the 6-month follow-up. Therefore, the anesthetic patches developed provide needle-free, painless, safe, and patient/dentist-friendly advances in performing routine medium-complexity dental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisse Eduardo Adami
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo de Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maíra Peres Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renê Oliveira do Couto
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei - UFSJ, "Dona Lindu" Midwest Campus, Divinopolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Pedrazzi
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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12
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Abdoltajedini F, Hadjizadeh A, Ajji A. Fabrication and characterization of polymeric nano/micro fibers containing silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2021.1990059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abdoltajedini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afra Hadjizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- IndustrialMaterials Institute, National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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13
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Tyagi V, Serna-Jiménez CE, Kalia YN. Controlled simultaneous iontophoresis of buflomedil hydrochloride and dexamethasone sodium phosphate to the mucosa for oral submucous fibrosis. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121009. [PMID: 34391856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel concentric experimental set-up was used to investigate short-duration topical co-iontophoresis of cationic buflomedil hydrochloride (BUF) and anionic dexamethasone phosphate (DEX-P) to the oral mucosa. A constant current of 3.0 mA (0.6 mA/cm2 for BUF and 1.95 mA/cm2 for DEX-P) was applied to porcine esophageal mucosa for 5, 10 and 20 min. Iontophoresis for only 5 min increased total delivery of BUF from 29.8 ± 5.1 nmol/cm2 to 194.3 ± 23.8 nmol/cm2 and DEX-P from 29.4 ± 1.2 nmol/cm2 to 193.3 ± 19.8 nmol/cm2 as compared to passive controls. Quantification of drug between the electrode compartments reported on lateral ion migration. In the absence of current, DEX-P did not migrate laterally; however, iontophoresis for 5 min increased DEX-P delivery >5-fold under the cathodal compartment (its application area) and >8-fold in the adjacent "inter-electrode" area. Similarly, delivery of BUF increased ~6.8-fold under the anodal compartment and ~12.8-fold under the cathode. The results showed that co-iontophoresis enabled the controlled simultaneous delivery of BUF and DEX-P achieving therapeutically relevant concentrations after current application for only 5 min. Short duration topical co-iontophoresis of single or multiple therapeutics to the mucosa increases local bioavailability and presents a patient-friendly treatment for diseases of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Tyagi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - César E Serna-Jiménez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Resistivity Technique for the Evaluation of the Integrity of Buccal and Esophageal Epithelium Mucosa for In Vitro Permeation Studies: Swine Buccal and Esophageal Mucosa Barrier Models. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050643. [PMID: 33946622 PMCID: PMC8147247 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeation assays are important for the development of topical formulations applied on buccal mucosa. Swine buccal and esophageal epithelia are usually used as barriers for these assays, while frozen epithelia have been used to optimize the experimental setup. However, there is no consensus on these methods. In transdermal studies, barrier integrity has been evaluated by measuring electrical resistance (ER) across the skin, which has been demonstrated to be a simple, fast, safe, and cost-effective method. Therefore, the aims here were to investigate whether ER might also be an effective method to evaluate buccal and esophageal epithelium mucosa integrity for in vitro permeation studies, and to establish a cut-off ER value for each epithelium mucosa model. We further investigated whether buccal epithelium could be substituted by esophageal epithelium in transbuccal permeation studies, and whether their permeability and integrity were affected by freezing at -20 °C for 3 weeks. Fresh and frozen swine buccal and esophageal epithelia were mounted in Franz diffusion cells and were then submitted to ER measurement. Permeation assays were performed using lidocaine hydrochloride as a hydrophilic drug model. ER was shown to be a reliable method for evaluating esophageal and buccal epithelia. The esophageal epithelium presented higher permeability compared to the buccal epithelium. For both epithelia, freezing and storage led to decreased electrical resistivity and increased permeability. We conclude that ER may be safely used to confirm tissue integrity when it is equal to or above 3 kΩ for fresh esophageal mucosa, but not for buccal epithelium mucosa. However, the use of esophageal epithelium in in vitro transmucosal studies could overestimate the absorption of hydrophilic drugs. In addition, fresh samples are recommended for these experiments, especially when hydrophilic drugs are involved.
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15
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Batista da Silva C, Volpato MC, Muniz BV, dos Santos CP, Serpe L, Ferreira LEN, de Melo NFS, Fraceto LF, Groppo FC, Franz-Montan M. Promising potential of articaine-loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanocapules for intraoral topical anesthesia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246760. [PMID: 33571275 PMCID: PMC7877576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine whether the permeation capacity and analgesic efficacy of articaine (ATC) could be increased and cytotoxicity decreased by encapsulation in poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanocapsules (ATCnano), aiming at local or topical anesthesia in dentistry. Cellular viability was evaluated (using the MTT test and fluorescence microscopy) after 1 h and 24 h exposure of HaCaT cells to ATC, ATCnano, ATC with epinephrine (ATCepi), and ATC in nanocapsules with epinephrine (ATCnanoepi). The profiles of permeation of 2% ATC and 2% ATCnano across swine esophageal epithelium were determined using Franz-type vertical diffusion cells. Analgesic efficacy was evaluated with a von Frey anesthesiometer in a postoperative pain model in rats, comparing the 2% ATC, 2% ATCnano, 2% ATCepi, and 2% ATCnanoepi formulations to 4% ATCepi (a commercially available formulation). We show that use of the nanocapsules decreased the toxicity of articaine (P<0.0001) and increased its flux (P = 0.0007). The 2% ATCepi and 4% ATCepi formulations provided higher analgesia success and duration (P<0.05), compared to 2% ATC, 2% ATCnano, and 2% ATCnanoepi. Articaine-loaded poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanocapsules constitute a promising formulation for intraoral topical anesthesia (prior to local anesthetic injection), although it is not effective when injected in inflamed tissues for pain control, such as irreversible pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Batista da Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Health Sciences, University of Mogi das Cruzes–UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Volpato
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Vilela Muniz
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Itapeva Faculty of Social and Agrarian Sciences—FAIT, Itapeva, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Pita dos Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Serpe
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Nunes Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunology, Guarulhos University–UNG, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Ferreira Silva de Melo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Institute, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Franz-Montan
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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16
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Helmy AM. Overview of recent advancements in the iontophoretic drug delivery to various tissues and organs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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do Couto RO, Cubayachi C, Duarte MPF, Lopez RFV, Pedrazzi V, De Gaitani CM, de Freitas O. Towards the advance of a novel iontophoretic patch for needle-free buccal anesthesia. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111778. [PMID: 33641881 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a mucoadhesive iontophoretic patch for anesthetic delivery in the buccal epithelium. The patch was comprised of three different layers, namely i) drug release (0.64 cm2); ii) mucoadhesive (1.13 cm2); and iii) backing (1.13 cm2). Prilocaine and lidocaine hydrochlorides were used as model drugs (1:1 ratio, 12.5 mg per unit). An anode electrode (0.5 cm2 spiral silver wire) was placed in between the drug release and mucoadhesive/backing layers to enable iontophoresis. Surface microscopy; mechanical and in vitro mucoadhesive properties; drug release kinetics and mechanism; and drug permeation through the porcine esophageal epithelium were assessed. Topographic analysis evidenced differences in the physical structures for the several layers. All layers presented suitable handling properties i.e., flexibility, elasticity and resistance. Both the release and mucoadhesive layers presented features of a soft and tough material, while the backing layer matched the characteristics of a hard and brittle material. A synergy between the drug release and mucoadhesive layers on the mucoadhesive force and work of adhesion of the tri-layered patch was observed. Passive drug release of both drugs fitted to First-order, Hixson-Crowell and Weibull kinetic models; and the release mechanism was attributed to anomalous transport. Iontophoresis remarkably enhanced the permeation of both drugs, but mainly prilocaine through the mucosa as evidenced by the permeability coefficient parameter (3.0-fold). The amount of these amino amide salts retained in the mucosa were also equally enhanced (4.7-fold), while the application of a tiny constant electric current (1 mA·cm-2·h-1) significantly decreased the lag time for lidocaine permeation by about 45%. In view of possible in vitro / in vivo correlations, the buccal iontophoretic patch displays a promising strategy for needle-free and patient-friendly local anesthesia in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renê Oliveira do Couto
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste (Dona Lindu), Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
| | - Camila Cubayachi
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinícius Pedrazzi
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo de Freitas
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Monteiro E Silva SA, Ricci Leonardi G. Development and cathodic iontophoretic permeation evaluation of liquid crystalline systems provided of retinoic acid microparticles. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2317-2327. [PMID: 33145890 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intracellular form of action of retinoids requires these agents to reach deeper layers of the skin with viable cells to ensure therapeutic efficiency. However, studies on swine skin models show that some retinoids have low skin permeability. Thus, the association of innovative formulations with technological strategies involving physical permeation promoters can be employed to increase the permeability of this active, ensuring a targeting effect of the active. AIMS In this study, it was proposed the development and evaluation of the release and permeation profile of liquid crystalline systems with retinoic acid polymeric microparticles under passive or iontophoretic diffusional conditions. METHODS For this study, release, permeation, and diffusional characterization assays were employed using the Franz diffusion cell model, associating or not the cathodic iontophoresis. RESULTS Retinoic acid was considered stable in front of the electric current of 0.5mA/cm2 , because it did not show significant degradation (with maintenance from 96.03% to 98.57%), indicating the viability of such agents to be applied with iontophoresis. Controlled release profile was evidenced for microencapsulated systems. Comparatively, formulations F1, F3, and F5 presented a significantly higher RA release profile when compared to formulations with retinoic acid microencapsulated. A significant increase was observed in the absolute amount of RA retained in the skin with cathodic iontophoresis in all proposed formulations (P < .01). The increase was up to two times in relation to the passive condition. CONCLUSIONS The combination of iontophoresis technique with application of retinoic acid and microencapsulated retinoic acid allows the penetration of the active ingredient to deeper layers of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Arandas Monteiro E Silva
- Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Silva-Alvarez AF, Ferreira MP, Vicentini FTMC, Pedrazzi V, de Freitas O. A New Approach to Ex Vivo Permeation Studies in In-Situ Film-Forming Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:257. [PMID: 32895787 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01799-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest human organ and an important topical route. Even with some challenges, it is an important ally in medication administration, mainly because it is painless and easy-to-apply. Semisolid formulations are the most used dosage forms for drug administration via this delivery route and can be optimized when transformed into a film, favoring on-site maintenance, and promoting drug permeation. However, in situ film-forming systems are difficult to assess and characterize using Franz-type diffusion cells once this apparatus is ideal to formulations without transition phases. The present study proposed a different method to characterize these formulations and provide complementary data on drug and penetration enhancer behaviors, as close as possible to real application conditions. This characterization method allowed us to analyze drug concentration on three necessary occasions: remaining in the polymer film, stratum corneum using adhesive tape, and skin to check where drugs will have a desirable effect. As a proof-of-concept, the proposed ex vivo permeation method was used to evaluate a film-forming system containing lidocaine and prilocaine. We could also evaluate transition phases of drug compositions and quantify drugs at key times after application. Hence, the developed method may be used to provide complementary data to the Franz diffusion cell method, in terms of drug and penetration enhancer behaviors incorporated into film-forming delivery systems.
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Hybrid nanofilms as topical anesthetics for pain-free procedures in dentistry. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11341. [PMID: 32647250 PMCID: PMC7347607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical anesthetics are widely applied in order to relieve the discomfort and anxiety caused by needle insertion and other painful superficial interventions at the oral cavity. So far, there are no commercially available effective topical anesthetic formulations for that purpose, and the most of developments are related to hydrophilic and low mucoadhesive forms. Therefore, we have prepared different hybrid nanofilms composed of biopolymer matrices (chitosan, pectin, and chitosan-pectin) blended with nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) loading the eutectic mixture of 5% lidocaine-prilocaine (LDC-PLC), in order to fulfill this gap in the market. These dual systems were processed as hybrid nanofilms by the solvent/casting method, and its mucoadhesive, structural and mechanical properties were detailed. The most appropriate hybrid nanofilm combined the advantages of both pectin (PCT) and NLC components. The resultant material presented sustained LDC-PLC release profile for more than 8 h; permeation across porcine buccal mucosa almost twice higher than control and non-cytotoxicity against 3T3 and HACAT cell lines. Then, the in vivo efficacy of PCT/NLC formulation was compared to biopolymer film and commercial drug, exhibiting the longest-lasting anesthetic effect (> 7 h), assessed by tail flick test in mice. These pectin-based hybrid nanofilms open perspectives for clinical trials and applications beyond Dentistry.
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Silva Favacho HA, Oliveira do Couto R, Ferreira Duarte MP, Garofo Peixoto MP, Vianna Lopez RF, Pedrazzi V, Masetto de Gaitani C, de Freitas O. Synergy between surfactants and mucoadhesive polymers enhances the transbuccal permeation of local anesthetics from freeze-dried tablets. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Pinto S, Pintado ME, Sarmento B. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro assessment of buccal permeation of drugs from delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 17:33-48. [PMID: 31786958 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1699913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Buccal mucosa has been described as an attractive site for local and systemic drug delivery, owing its accessibility, safety, and excellent blood supply. The absorption of drugs through buccal mucosa has been assessed by in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro permeability studies, using animal and cell-based models with close resemblance to the human buccal mucosa.Areas covered: This paper focuses on the current in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro permeability studies to analyze the absorption of compounds of interest through buccal mucosa, as well as their advantages and limitations in the preclinical studies of the drugs absorption profiles. The techniques for preparation and preservation of the animal buccal tissue are also discussed to evaluate their interference in the integrity and permeability of the tissues.Expert opinion: Overall, the permeability studies have been useful to evaluate the drugs absorption and to clarify the mechanism of transport of drugs across human buccal mucosa, as well as to explain the enhancement of permeability provided by certain dosage forms. Currently, several researchers have demonstrated particular interest in ex vivo permeability studies, due to their effectiveness in the evaluation of drug absorption and low costs in the acquisition of buccal mucosa samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
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Tyagi V, del Río-Sancho S, Lapteva M, Kalia YN. Topical iontophoresis of buflomedil hydrochloride increases drug bioavailability in the mucosa: A targeted approach to treat oral submucous fibrosis. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Overcoming hurdles in iontophoretic drug delivery: is skin the only barrier? - an update. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:211-214. [PMID: 30991922 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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25
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Pauli MC, Tabchoury CPM, Silva SAME, Ambrosano GMB, Lopez RFV, Leonardi GR. Effect of iontophoresis on fluoride uptake in enamel with artificial caries lesion. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e037. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Hybrid Hydrogel Composed of Polymeric Nanocapsules Co-Loading Lidocaine and Prilocaine for Topical Intraoral Anesthesia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17972. [PMID: 30568251 PMCID: PMC6299281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the development of nanostructured hydrogels for the sustained release of the eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (both at 2.5%) for intraoral topical use. The local anesthetics, free or encapsulated in poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules, were incorporated into CARBOPOL hydrogel. The nanoparticle suspensions were characterized in vitro in terms of particle size, polydispersity, and surface charge, using dynamic light scattering measurements. The nanoparticle concentrations were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Evaluation was made of physicochemical stability, structural features, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release kinetics. The CARBOPOL hydrogels were submitted to rheological, accelerated stability, and in vitro release tests, as well as determination of mechanical and mucoadhesive properties, in vitro cytotoxicity towards FGH and HaCaT cells, and in vitro permeation across buccal and palatal mucosa. Anesthetic efficacy was evaluated using Wistar rats. Nanocapsules were successfully developed that presented desirable physicochemical properties and a sustained release profile. The hydrogel formulations were stable for up to 6 months under critical conditions and exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flows, satisfactory mucoadhesive strength, non-cytotoxicity, and slow permeation across oral mucosa. In vivo assays revealed higher anesthetic efficacy in tail-flick tests, compared to a commercially available product. In conclusion, the proposed hydrogel has potential for provision of effective and longer-lasting superficial anesthesia at oral mucosa during medical and dental procedures. These results open perspectives for future clinical trials.
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Selected Medicines Used in Iontophoresis. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10040204. [PMID: 30366360 PMCID: PMC6320882 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iontophoresis is a non-invasive method of systemic and local drug delivery using an electric field. Iontophoresis enables diffusion of the selected drug via skin, mucosa, enamel, dentin, and other tissues. The amount of delivered therapeutic molecules is about 10⁻2000 times greater than conventional forms of delivery. Among other fields, this method is used in dentistry, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and dermatology. According to related literature, the most important drugs studied or administered by iontophoresis are: Local anesthetics, opioids, steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs, antifungal drugs, antiviral drugs, anticancer drugs, fluorides, and vitamins. The present review covers current available data regarding the selected medicines used in iontophoresis. Furthermore, indications and conditions of iontophoresis application are reviewed.
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Iontophoretic Drug Delivery in the Oral Cavity. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030121. [PMID: 30087247 PMCID: PMC6161066 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Iontophoresis is a noninvasive method to enhance systemic and local drug delivery by the application of an electric field. For systemic drug delivery in the oral cavity, iontophoresis was studied primarily for transbuccal delivery. Significant enhancement of drug delivery was observed in buccal iontophoresis compared to passive transport for different drugs. For local drug delivery in the oral cavity, iontophoresis could enhance drug penetration into the enamel, dentin, and other oral tissues for the treatment of oral diseases. Iontophoresis was evaluated in dentistry such as to produce local anesthesia and treat tooth decalcification and hypersensitivity, but this technology has not been fully utilized. The most common drugs in these evaluations were fluoride and lidocaine. In general, there is limited knowledge of the mechanisms of iontophoresis in the oral tissues. In vivo animal and human studies have suggested that iontophoresis is safe in the oral cavity under the conditions investigated. The present review covers the topics of iontophoretic drug delivery in the oral cavity for both systemic and local treatments. The anatomy and diseases in the oral cavity for iontophoretic drug delivery are also briefly reviewed, and the challenges for this drug delivery method are discussed.
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Goyal AK, Singh R, Chauhan G, Rath G. Non-invasive systemic drug delivery through mucosal routes. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:539-551. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1463230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K. Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Ranjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhit University, Meerut, India
| | - Gaurav Chauhan
- Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
- Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Sensors and Devices Research Group, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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do Couto RO, Cubayachi C, Calefi PL, Lopez RFV, Pedrazzi V, De Gaitani CM, de Freitas O. Combining amino amide salts in mucoadhesive films enhances needle-free buccal anesthesia in adults. J Control Release 2017; 266:205-215. [PMID: 28974451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Needle-phobia is usually a great concern in dentistry, and the replacement of painful injections by patient-friendly needle-free topical formulations would bring several advantages in dental practice worldwide. In this pursuit, the effects of combining prilocaine hydrochloride (PCL) and lidocaine hydrochloride (LCL) in different proportions in mucoadhesive films on their in vitro permeation and retention through porcine esophageal mucosa was studied. Complementarily, the permeation and retention of isolated LCL was investigated. The in vitro model used for evaluating buccal anesthetic penetration and retention in buccal epithelium was validated. In addition, the feasibility of a novel in vivo model to evaluate the painful sensation due to puncture "needle-shaped" gum jaw of adults at shallow and deep levels was demonstrated. The in vivo clinical survey revealed the efficiency of the films, which had onset of anesthesia at 5min, peak of anesthetic effect within 15 and 25min and anesthesia duration of 50min after being placed in maxillary sites. The in vitro drug flux, permeability coefficient and retention in the epithelium significantly correlated with in vivo onset, peak and extent of shallow and deep anesthetic effect. At shallow level, the permeation of LCL has shown to be closely related to the onset of anesthesia, while the penetration of PCL has a significant impact in the peak of anesthetic effect. Concerning the deep level, the penetration of PCL is required to attain the onset of anesthetic effect. The total amount of drug retained in the epithelium showed to modulate the extent of both shallow and deep anesthesia. Thus, the combination of LCL and PCL in mucoadhesive films may offer dentists and their patients a safe improvement for pain management during dental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renê Oliveira do Couto
- The State University of Londrina, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Camila Cubayachi
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Linares Calefi
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Pedrazzi
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo de Freitas
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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31
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King CH, Beutler SS, Kaye AD, Urman RD. Pharmacologic Properties of Novel Local Anesthetic Agents in Anesthesia Practice. Anesthesiol Clin 2017; 35:315-325. [PMID: 28526152 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic duration of traditional local anesthetics when used in peripheral nerve blocks is normally limited. This article describes novel approaches to extend the duration of peripheral nerve blocks currently available or in development. Three newer approaches on extending the duration of peripheral nerve blocks include site-1 sodium channel blockers, novel local anesthetics delivery systems, and novel adjuvants of local anesthetics. Compared with plain amide-based and ester-based local anesthetics, alternative approaches show significant promise in decreasing postoperative pain, rescue opioid requirement, hospital length-of-stay, and overall health care cost, without compromising the established safety profile of traditional local anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih H King
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sascha S Beutler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, LSU Health Science Center, 1542 Tulane Avenue, Room 659, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Richard D Urman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Franz-Montan M, Ribeiro LNDM, Volpato MC, Cereda CMS, Groppo FC, Tofoli GR, de Araújo DR, Santi P, Padula C, de Paula E. Recent advances and perspectives in topical oral anesthesia. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:673-684. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1227784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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The Monoglyceride Content Affects the Self-Assembly Behavior, Rheological Properties, Syringeability, and Mucoadhesion of In Situ–Gelling Liquid Crystalline Phase. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2355-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Król Ż, Malik M, Marycz K, Jarmoluk A. Characteristic of Gelatine, Carrageenan and Sodium Alginate Hydrosols Treated by Direct Electric Current. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E275. [PMID: 30974552 PMCID: PMC6432096 DOI: 10.3390/polym8080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of using direct electric current (DC) of 400 mA for five minutes on the physiochemical properties of gelatine (2%, 4%, and 8%), carrageenan (1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and sodium alginate (0.75%, 1%, and 1.25%) hydrosols with different sodium chloride concentration. The pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), available chlorine concentration (ACC) and rheological parameters were measured. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out. The results have shown that pH, ORP, EC and ACC values are changed upon applying DC and the magnitude of change depends on the concentration of the polymer and the addition of sodium chloride. After seven days of storage, the ACC of the samples exposed to DC decreased by 88%⁻96%. The FT-IR spectra demonstrated that the structure of gelatine, carrageenan and sodium alginate are not significantly affected by DC. Furthermore, the use of DC did not affect the flow and gelation temperature of the hydrosols. These results suggest that the use of DC did not cause undesirable changes in hydrosols layer and these innovative materials can be used, e.g., for food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Król
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Malik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38 C, 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Jarmoluk
- Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Santos MRE, Fonseca AC, Mendonça PV, Branco R, Serra AC, Morais PV, Coelho JFJ. Recent Developments in Antimicrobial Polymers: A Review. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9070599. [PMID: 28773721 PMCID: PMC5456892 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial polymers represent a very promising class of therapeutics with unique characteristics for fighting microbial infections. As the classic antibiotics exhibit an increasingly low capacity to effectively act on microorganisms, new solutions must be developed. The importance of this class of materials emerged from the uncontrolled use of antibiotics, which led to the advent of multidrug-resistant microbes, being nowadays one of the most serious public health problems. This review presents a critical discussion of the latest developments involving the use of different classes of antimicrobial polymers. The synthesis pathways used to afford macromolecules with antimicrobial properties, as well as the relationship between the structure and performance of these materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson R E Santos
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Fonseca
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia V Mendonça
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal.
| | - Rita Branco
- CEMUC, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-401, Portugal.
| | - Arménio C Serra
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal.
| | - Paula V Morais
- CEMUC, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-401, Portugal.
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- CEMUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-790, Portugal.
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Telò I, Tratta E, Guasconi B, Nicoli S, Pescina S, Govoni P, Santi P, Padula C. In-vitro characterization of buccal iontophoresis: the case of sumatriptan succinate. Int J Pharm 2016; 506:420-8. [PMID: 27113869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Buccal administration of sumatriptan succinate might be an interesting alternative to the present administration routes, due to its non-invasiveness and rapid onset of action, but because of its low permeability, a permeation enhancement strategy is required. The aim of this work was then to study, in-vitro, buccal iontophoresis of sumatriptan succinate. Permeation experiments were performed in-vitro across pig esophageal epithelium, a recently proposed model of human buccal mucosa, using vertical diffusion cells. The iontophoretic behavior of the tissue was characterized by measuring its isoelectric point (Na(+) transport number and the electroosmotic flow of acetaminophen determination) and by evaluating tissue integrity after current application. The results obtained confirm the usefulness of pig esophageal epithelium as an in-vitro model membrane for buccal drug delivery. The application of iontophoresis increased sumatriptan transport, proportionally to the current density applied, without tissue damage: electrotransport was the predominant mechanism. Integrating the results of the present work with literature data on the transport of other molecules across the buccal mucosa and across the skin, we can draw a general conclusion: the difference in passive transport across buccal mucosa and across the skin is influenced by permeant lipophilicity and by the penetration pathway. Finally, buccal iontophoretic administration of sumatriptan allows to administer 6mg of the drug in 1h, representing a promising alternative to the current administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Telò
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Tratta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Guasconi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Nicoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Pescina
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Govoni
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Traslational Sciences, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Santi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina Padula
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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