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Pan K, Zhu Y, Chen P, Yang K, Chen Y, Wang Y, Dai Z, Huang Z, Zhong P, Zhao X, Fan S, Ning L, Zhang J, Chen P. Biological functions and biomedical applications of extracellular vesicles derived from blood cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:43-61. [PMID: 38848784 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using extracellular vesicles (EVs) for therapeutic applications. EVs are composed of cytoplasmic proteins and nucleic acids and an external lipid bilayer containing transmembrane proteins on their surfaces. EVs can alter the state of the target cells by interacting with the receptor ligand of the target cell or by being internalised by the target cell. Blood cells are the primary source of EVs, and 1 μL of plasma contains approximately 1.5 × 107 EVs. Owing to their easy acquisition and the avoidance of cell amplification in vitro, using blood cells as a source of therapeutic EVs has promising clinical application prospects. This review summarises the characteristics and biological functions of EVs derived from different blood cell types (platelets, erythrocytes, and leukocytes) and analyses the prospects and challenges of using them for clinical therapeutic applications. In summary, blood cell-derived EVs can regulate different cell types such as immune cells (macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells), stem cells, and somatic cells, and play a role in intercellular communication, immune regulation, and cell proliferation. Overall, blood cell-derived EVs have the potential for use in vascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, degenerative diseases, and injuries. To promote the clinical translation of blood cell-derived EVs, researchers need to perform further studies on EVs in terms of scalable and reproducible isolation technology, quality control, safety, stability and storage, regulatory issues, cost-effectiveness, and long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yiyu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yongcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Zhanqiu Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325088, China
| | - Zhenxiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Peiyu Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China; Key Laboratory of Mechanism Research and Precision Repair of Orthopaedic Trauma and Aging Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
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Bertolino GM, Maumus M, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Therapeutic potential in rheumatic diseases of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:682-694. [PMID: 37666995 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and injuries to articular cartilage that lead to osteochondral defects is predicted to rise as a result of population ageing and the increase in high-intensity physical activities among young and middle-aged people. Current treatments focus on the management of pain and joint functionality to improve the patient's quality of life, but curative strategies are greatly desired. In the past two decades, the therapeutic value of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been evaluated because of their regenerative potential, which is mainly attributed to the secretion of paracrine factors. Many of these factors are enclosed in extracellular vesicles (EVs) that reproduce the main functions of parental cells. MSC-derived EVs have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic as well as pro-regenerative activities. Research on EVs has gained considerable attention as they are a potential cell-free therapy with lower immunogenicity and easier management than whole cells. MSC-derived EVs can rescue the pathogenetic phenotypes of chondrocytes and exert a protective effect in animal models of rheumatic disease. To facilitate the therapeutic use of EVs, appropriate cell sources for the production of EVs with the desired biological effects in each disease should be identified. Production and isolation of EVs should be optimized, and pre-isolation and post-isolation modifications should be considered to maximize the disease-modifying potential of the EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Maumus
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295, Montpellier, France.
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France.
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295, Montpellier, France.
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France.
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Alanazi AA, Abdulaziz F, Alyami M, Alotibi S, Sakka S, Mallouh SA, Abu-Zurayk R, Alshaaer M. The Effect of Full-Scale Exchange of Ca 2+ with Zn 2+ Ions on the Crystal Structure of Brushite and Its Phase Composition. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:333. [PMID: 37622938 PMCID: PMC10452532 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a complete exchange of Ca2+ with Zn2+ ions on the structure of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O), which might be advantageous in the production process of CaxZn1-xHPO4·nH2O. To acquire the starting solutions needed for the current study, (NH4)2HPO4, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O were utilized in several molar concentrations. The findings indicate that Ca is partly substituted by Zn when the Zn/Ca molar ratio is below 0.25 and that Zn doping hinders the crystallization of brushite. A continued increase in the Zn/Ca molar ratio to 1 (at which point the supersaturation of the Zn solution rises) led to a biphasic compound of monoclinic brushite and parascholzite precipitate. Elevating the Zn/Ca molar ratio to 1.5 resulted in a precipitate of a parascholzite-like mineral. Finally, increasing the Zn/Ca molar ratio to 4 and above resulted in the formation of the hopeite mineral. Future biomaterial production with specific and bespoke characteristics can be achieved by adjusting the Zn/Ca ratio in the starting solution. It Rhas been established that the Zn/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be adjusted to obtain minerals with specific compositions. Thus, new synthesis methods for parascholzite and hopeite were introduced for the first time in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A. Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad Abdulaziz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Alyami
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Satam Alotibi
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Salah Sakka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saida Abu Mallouh
- Nanotechnology Center-Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.A.M.); (R.A.-Z.)
| | - Rund Abu-Zurayk
- Nanotechnology Center-Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.A.M.); (R.A.-Z.)
| | - Mazen Alshaaer
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (S.A.)
- Department Mechanics of Materials and Constructions (MEMC), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Mohammadi AH, Ghazvinian Z, Bagheri F, Harada M, Baghaei K. Modification of Extracellular Vesicle Surfaces: An Approach for Targeted Drug Delivery. BioDrugs 2023; 37:353-374. [PMID: 37093521 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a promising drug delivery vehicle candidate because of their natural origin and intrinsic function of transporting various molecules between different cells. Several advantages of the EV delivery platform include enhanced permeability and retention effect, efficient interaction with recipient cells, the ability to traverse biological barriers, high biocompatibility, high biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Furthermore, EV membranes share approximately similar structures and contents to the cell membrane, which allows surface modification of EVs, an approach to enable specific targeting. Enhanced drug accumulation in intended sites and reduced adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs are the most prominent effects of targeted drug delivery. In order to improve the targeting ability of EVs, chemical modification and genetic engineering are the most adopted methods to date. Diverse chemical methods are employed to decorate EV surfaces with various ligands such as aptamers, carbohydrates, peptides, vitamins, and antibodies. In this review, we introduce the biogenesis, content, and cellular pathway of natural EVs and further discuss the genetic modification of EVs, and its challenges. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive deliberation on the various chemical modification methods for improved drug delivery, which are directly related to increasing the therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghazvinian
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masako Harada
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yu B, Li H, Zhang Z, Chen P, Wang L, Fan X, Ning X, Pan Y, Zhou F, Hu X, Chang J, Ou C. Extracellular vesicles engineering by silicates-activated endothelial progenitor cells for myocardial infarction treatment in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2094. [PMID: 37055411 PMCID: PMC10102163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have shown good potential in disease treatments including ischemic injury such as myocardial infarction. However, the efficient production of highly active extracellular vesicles is one of the critical limitations for their clinical applications. Here, we demonstrate a biomaterial-based approach to prepare high amounts of extracellular vesicles with high bioactivity from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by stimulation with silicate ions derived from bioactive silicate ceramics. We further show that hydrogel microspheres containing engineered extracellular vesicles are highly effective in the treatment of myocardial infarction in male mice by significantly enhancing angiogenesis. This therapeutic effect is attributed to significantly enhanced revascularization by the high content of miR-126a-3p and angiogenic factors such as VEGF and SDF-1, CXCR4 and eNOS in engineered extracellular vesicles, which not only activate endothelial cells but also recruit EPCs from the circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hekai Li
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowenbin Zhang
- Wenzhou Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 325000, Wenzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Super fine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peier Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Research Center, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Fan
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Ning
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Pan
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiran Zhou
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Ceramics and Super fine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Caiwen Ou
- The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510280, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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Erwin N, Serafim MF, He M. Enhancing the Cellular Production of Extracellular Vesicles for Developing Therapeutic Applications. Pharm Res 2023; 40:833-853. [PMID: 36319886 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have various advantageous properties, including a small size, high biocompatibility, efficient cargo loading, and precise cell targeting ability, making them promising tools for therapeutic development. EVs have been increasingly explored for applications like drug delivery. However, due to limited cellular secretion rates of EVs, wide-scale clinical applications are not achievable. Therefore, substantial strategies and research efforts have been devoted to increasing cellular secretion rates of EVs. This review describes various studies exploring different methods to increase the cellular production of EVs, including the application of electrical stimulus, pharmacologic agents, electromagnetic waves, sound waves, shear stress, cell starvation, alcohol, pH, heat, and genetic manipulation. These methods have shown success in increasing EV production, but careful consideration must be given as many of these strategies may alter EV properties and functionalities, and the exact mechanisms causing the increase in cellular production of EVs is generally unknown. Additionally, the methods' effectiveness in increasing EV secretion may diverge with different cell lines and conditions. Further advancements to enhance EV biogenesis secretion for therapeutic development is still a significant need in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Erwin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Serafim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
- UF Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd, Lab: 0475G, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
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Tian T, Qiao S, Tannous BA. Nanotechnology-Inspired Extracellular Vesicles Theranostics for Diagnosis and Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:182-199. [PMID: 35929960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shuttling various bioactive substances across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) bidirectionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been opening new frontiers for the diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, clinical translation of EV-based theranostics remains challenging due to difficulties in effective EV engineering for superior imaging/therapeutic potential, ultrasensitive EV detection for small sample volume, as well as scale-up and standardized EV production. In the past decade, continuous advancement in nanotechnology provided extensive concepts and strategies for EV engineering and analysis, which inspired the application of EVs for CNS diseases. Here we will review the existing types of EV-nanomaterial hybrid systems with improved diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy for CNS diseases. A summary of recent progress in the incorporation of nanomaterials and nanostructures in EV production, separation, and analysis will also be provided. Moreover, the convergence between nanotechnology and microfluidics for integrated EV engineering and liquid biopsy of CNS diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Shuya Qiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Syromiatnikova V, Prokopeva A, Gomzikova M. Methods of the Large-Scale Production of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810522. [PMID: 36142433 PMCID: PMC9506336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively investigated as potential substitutes for cell therapy. Research has suggested their ability to overcome serious risks associated with the application of these cells. Although, the translation of EVs into clinical practice is hampered by the lack of a cheap reasonable way to obtain a clinically relevant number of EVs, an available method for the large-scale production of EVs ensures vesicles’ integrity, preserves their biological activity, and ensures they are well reproducible, providing homogeneity of the product from batch to batch. In this review, advances in the development of methods to increase EVs production are discussed. The existing approaches can be divided into the following: (1) those based on increasing the production of natural EVs by creating and using high capacity “cell factories”, (2) those based on the induction of EVs secretion under various cell stressors, and (3) those based on cell fragmentation with the creation of biomimetic vesicles. The aim of this review is to stimulate the introduction of EVs into clinical practice and to draw attention to the development of new methods of EVs production on a large scale.
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Luo X, Xiao D, Zhang C, Wang G. The Roles of Exosomes upon Metallic Ions Stimulation in Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030126. [PMID: 36135561 PMCID: PMC9506099 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic ions have been widely investigated and incorporated into bone substitutes for bone regeneration owing to their superior capacity to induce angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Exosomes are key paracrine mediators that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication. However, the role of exosomes in metallic ion-induced bone formation and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, this review systematically analyzes the effects of metallic ions and metallic ion-incorporated biomaterials on exosome secretion from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages, as well as the effects of secreted exosomes on inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. In addition, possible signaling pathways involved in metallic ion-mediated exosomes, followed by bone regeneration, are discussed. Despite limited investigation, metallic ions have been confirmed to regulate exosome production and function, affecting immune response, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Although the underlying mechanism is not yet clear, these insights enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of the metallic ion-induced microenvironment for bone regeneration, benefiting the design of metallic ion-incorporated implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwei Luo
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Dongqin Xiao
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (G.W.)
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- Research Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (G.W.)
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Ng CY, Kee LT, Al-Masawa ME, Lee QH, Subramaniam T, Kok D, Ng MH, Law JX. Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7986. [PMID: 35887332 PMCID: PMC9315612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute vesicles with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs are secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, EVs have received much attention, as they are rich in biological components such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that play essential roles in tissue regeneration and disease modification. In addition, EVs can be developed as vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases, as the vesicle membrane has an abundance of antigenic determinants and virulent factors. EVs for therapeutic applications are typically collected from conditioned media of cultured cells. However, the number of EVs secreted by the cells is limited. Thus, it is critical to devise new strategies for the large-scale production of EVs. Here, we discussed the strategies utilized by researchers for the scalable production of EVs. Techniques such as bioreactors, mechanical stimulation, electrical stimulation, thermal stimulation, magnetic field stimulation, topographic clue, hypoxia, serum deprivation, pH modification, exposure to small molecules, exposure to nanoparticles, increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, and genetic modification have been used to improve the secretion of EVs by cultured cells. In addition, nitrogen cavitation, porous membrane extrusion, and sonication have been utilized to prepare EV-mimetic nanovesicles that share many characteristics with naturally secreted EVs. Apart from inducing EV production, these upscaling interventions have also been reported to modify the EVs' cargo and thus their functionality and therapeutic potential. In summary, it is imperative to identify a reliable upscaling technique that can produce large quantities of EVs consistently. Ideally, the produced EVs should also possess cargo with improved therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Li Ting Kee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Qian Hui Lee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Thayaalini Subramaniam
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - David Kok
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Jalan Menara Gading No. 1, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (C.Y.N.); (L.T.K.); (M.E.A.-M.); (Q.H.L.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (M.H.N.)
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11
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The Impact of Full-Scale Substitution of Ca2+ with Ni2+ Ions on Brushite’s Crystal Structure and Phase Composition. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Because the impact of the full-scale substitution of Ca2+ in brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) with Ni2+ ions has never been systematically explored, it is the focus of this investigation, as it holds potential for use in CaxNi1−xHPO4·nH2O production. These biomaterials have many beneficial characteristics that can be modified to suit diverse applications, including bone tissue regeneration and pharmaceutics. For the present study, NaH2PO4·2H2O, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O were used in various molar concentrations to obtain the required starting solutions. Previous studies have shown that adding Ni ions in the initial solution below 20% results in the precipitation of monophasic brushite with slight changes in the crystal structure. However, this study confirms that when the Ni ions substitution increases to 20%, a mixture of phases from both brushite and hexaaquanickel(II) hydrogenphosphate monohydrate HNiP (Ni(H2O)6·HPO4·H2O) is formed. The results confirm that the full replacement (100%) of Ca ions by Ni ions results in a monophasic compound solely comprising orthorhombic HNiP nanocrystals. Therefore, a novel technique of HNiP synthesis using the precipitation method is introduced in this research work. These materials are subsequently analyzed utilizing powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results confirm that the material microstructure is controlled by the Ni/Ca ratio in the starting solution and can be modified to obtain the desired characteristics of phases and crystals.
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12
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Jiang XC, Zhang T, Gao JQ. The in vivo fate and targeting engineering of crossover vesicle-based gene delivery system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114324. [PMID: 35640803 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes and biomimetic vesicles are widely used for gene delivery because of their excellent gene loading capacity and stability and their natural targeting delivery potential. These vesicles take advantages of both cell-based bioactive delivery system and synthetical lipid-derived nanovectors to form crossover characteristics. To further optimize the specific targeting properties of crossover vesicles, studies of their in vivo fate and various engineering approaches including nanobiotechnology are required. This review describes the preparation process of exosomes and biomimetic vesicles, and summarizes the mechanism of loading and delivery of nucleic acids or gene editing systems. We provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques employed for preparing the targeting crossover vesicles based on their cellular uptake and targeting mechanism. To delineate the future prospects of crossover vesicle gene delivery systems, various challenges and clinical applications of vesicles have also been discussed.
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13
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Jia M, Zheng X, Liu Y, Wang C, Lei F, Niu H, Chunhong L. ZIF-8 nanoparticles coated with macrophage-derived microvesicles for sustained, targeted delivery of dexamethasone to arthritic joints. J Drug Target 2022; 30:1006-1016. [PMID: 35549591 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2077949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dex) is widely used in the clinic for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, it circulates in blood for a short time and it is linked to high risk of severe side effects caused by repeated dosing. Here, we encapsulated Dex onto zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) to prepare metal-organic framework nanoparticles with high drug loading efficiency. To prevent clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system and extend time in circulation, the nanoparticles were also camouflaged with macrophage-derived microvesicles (MV) to obtain the biomimetic drug delivery system MV/Dex/ZIF-8. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the nanosystem had high drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, high stability, and long circulation time, and it permitted sustained drug release longer in inflamed joint tissues. Our study provides new insights into designing camouflaged drug carriers to prevent their phagocytosis and prolong their time in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiu Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fenting Lei
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Hong Niu
- Department of Pharmacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Li Chunhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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14
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Lima TSM, Souza W, Geaquinto LRO, Sanches PL, Stepień EL, Meneses J, Fernández-de Gortari E, Meisner-Kober N, Himly M, Granjeiro JM, Ribeiro AR. Nanomaterial Exposure, Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Adverse Cellular Outcomes: A Scoping Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1231. [PMID: 35407349 PMCID: PMC9000848 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The progressively increasing use of nanomaterials (NMs) has awakened issues related to nanosafety and its potential toxic effects on human health. Emerging studies suggest that NMs alter cell communication by reshaping and altering the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), leading to dysfunction in recipient cells. However, there is limited understanding of how the physicochemical characteristics of NMs alter the EV content and their consequent physiological functions. Therefore, this review explored the relevance of EVs in the nanotoxicology field. The current state of the art on how EVs are modulated by NM exposure and the possible regulation and modulation of signaling pathways and physiological responses were assessed in detail. This review followed the manual for reviewers produced by The Joanna Brigs Institute for Scoping Reviews and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. The research question, "Do NMs modulate cellular responses mediated by EVs?" was analyzed following the PECO model (P (Population) = EVs, E (Exposure) = NMs, C (Comparator) = EVs without exposure to NMs, O (Outcome) = Cellular responses/change in EVs) to help methodologically assess the association between exposure and outcome. For each theme in the PECO acronym, keywords were defined, organized, and researched in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, up to 30 September 2021. In vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and clinical studies that analyzed the effect of NMs on EV biogenesis, cargo, and cellular responses were included in the analysis. The methodological quality assessment was conducted using the ToxRTool, ARRIVE guideline, Newcastle Ottawa and the EV-TRACK platform. The search in the referred databases identified 2944 articles. After applying the eligibility criteria and two-step screening, 18 articles were included in the final review. We observed that depending on the concentration and physicochemical characteristics, specific NMs promote a significant increase in EV secretion as well as changes in their cargo, especially regarding the expression of proteins and miRNAs, which, in turn, were involved in biological processes that included cell communication, angiogenesis, and activation of the immune response, etc. Although further studies are necessary, this work suggests that molecular investigations on EVs induced by NM exposure may become a potential tool for toxicological studies since they are widely accessible biomarkers that may form a bridge between NM exposure and the cellular response and pathological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais S. M. Lima
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Souza
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Luths R. O. Geaquinto
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Priscila L. Sanches
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias 25071-202, Brazil
| | - Ewa. L. Stepień
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland;
| | - João Meneses
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.M.); (E.F.-d.G.)
| | - Eli Fernández-de Gortari
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.M.); (E.F.-d.G.)
| | - Nicole Meisner-Kober
- Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.M.-K.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Himly
- Department of Biosciences & Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (N.M.-K.); (M.H.)
| | - José M. Granjeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil; (T.S.M.L.); (W.S.); (L.R.O.G.); (P.L.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Biomedicine, University Grande Rio, Duque de Caxias 25071-202, Brazil
- Dental School, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Ana R. Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.M.); (E.F.-d.G.)
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Luo L, Wu Z, Wang Y, Li H. Regulating the production and biological function of small extracellular vesicles: current strategies, applications and prospects. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:422. [PMID: 34906146 PMCID: PMC8670141 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed the great application potentials of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in biological medical field, especially in tissue repair and regeneration. However, the production capability of sEVs by noncancerous cells is very limited, while their dosage requirements in disease treatments are usually very high. Meanwhile, as cell aging, the sEV production capability of cells decreases and the biological function of sEVs changes accordingly. In addition, for special applications, sEVs carrying desired bioactive substances should be designed to perform their expected biological function. Therefore, improving the production of sEVs and precisely regulating their biological function are of great significance for promoting the clinical applications of sEVs. In this review, some of the current classic strategies in affecting the cellular behaviors of donor cells and subsequently regulating the production and biological function of their sEVs are summarized, including gene engineering methods, stress-inducing conditions, chemical regulators, physical methods, and biomaterial stimulations. Through applying these strategies, increased yield of sEVs with required biological function can be obtained for disease treatment and tissue repair, such as bone regeneration, wound healing, nerve function recovery and cancer treatment, which could not only reduce the harvest cost of sEV but promote the practical applications of sEVs in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia.
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16
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Hariharan H, Kesavan Y, Raja NS. Impact of native and external factors on exosome release: understanding reactive exosome secretion and its biogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7559-7573. [PMID: 34626311 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are minuscule vesicles secreted in the endolytic region of most mammalian cells. The release of exosomes from the cell engenders cell-to-cell signaling between cellular-compartments. The trading of exosomes between tumor and yonder cells plays a hypercritical role in tumor growth and progression. The exosome released from each tumor cell sequestrates a unique biogenetic pathway reflecting its cellular origin depending on the tumor type. However, treatment of tumor cells with certain physiological factors like drugs, chemotherapy, radiation, etc., enhance the release of exosomes and alters its biogenetic pathway compared with untreated tumor cells. In this review, we will discuss how the non-native physiological factors influence the release of exosomes and how these reactive exosomes orchestrate a unique patterning of a cargo sorting mechanism. We will also discuss the role of reactively secreted exosomes in mediating tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Hariharan
- MPI Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, India
| | - Yasodha Kesavan
- MPI Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, India
| | - Natesan Sella Raja
- MPI Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, India.
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17
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The therapeutic triad of extracellular vesicles: As drug targets, as drugs, and as drug carriers. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114714. [PMID: 34332957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing interest in the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has led to the accumulation of evidence on their critical roles in various pathologies, as well as opportunities to design novel therapeutic EV-based applications. Efficiently exploiting the constantly expanding knowledge of the biology and function of EVs requires a deep understanding of the various possible strategies of using EVs for therapeutic purposes. Accordingly, in the present work, we have narrowed the broad therapeutic potential of EVs and consider the similarities and differences of various strategies as we articulate three major aspects (i.e., a triad) of their therapeutic uses: (i) EVs as drug targets, whereby we discuss therapeutic targeting of disease-promoting EVs; (ii) EVs as drugs, whereby we consider the natural medicinal properties of EVs and the available options for their optimization; and (iii) EVs as drug carriers, whereby we highlight the advantages of EVs as vehicles for efficacious drug delivery of natural compounds. Finally, after conducting a comprehensive review of the latest literature on each of these aspects, we outline opportunities, limitations, and potential solutions.
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18
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Effect of Ca2+ Replacement with Cu2+ Ions in Brushite on the Phase Composition and Crystal Structure. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Cu2+ ions in brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) has been extensively studied and discussed. The approach adopted in this work has not been systematically explored in previous studies. This novel approach may prove beneficial for the production of Ca1−xCuxHPO4·nH2O materials with desired properties suitable for medical applications. Solutions of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate, NaH2PO4·2H2O, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, copper nitrate trihydrate, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, ammonium hydroxide solution, and diluted HCl were used for the preparation of these materials. At low Cu/Ca molar ratios (up to 0.25) in the starting solution, biphasic phosphate minerals were formed: brushite and sampleite. When the Cu/Ca molar ratio increases gradually from 0.67 to 1.5, sampleite-like mineral precipitates. Powdered XRD (X-ray diffraction), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) techniques were employed for the study of the microstructure of the produced materials for different degrees of Ca replacement with Mg. It is found that the Cu/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be adjusted to obtain materials with tailored composition. Thus, a new method of sampleite-like synthesis as a rare mineral is introduced in this study. Both phosphate minerals brushite and sampleite-like minerals are attractive as precursors of bioceramics and biocements. The search for such products that may decrease the possibility of post prosthetic or implant infection can be crucial in preventing devastating post-surgical complications.
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19
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Park DJ, Seo YJ. Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles Based on Payload Changes for Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:485-497. [PMID: 34050888 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of tissue regeneration and tissue engineering, many years ago, various nano to macroscopic-sized materials have been used to reduce inflammation and restore damaged tissue. Whether it is safe to study the regeneration of all tissues based on the biological mechanisms of an organism composed of cells is still debated, and studies using extracellular vesicles derived from cells have become popular in the past decade. It has been reported that exosomes with a size of 100 nm or less, which plays an important role in cell-cell communication, contain various factors, such as proliferation, anti-inflammatory, and growth factors. In addition, the payload of exosomes varies depending on the parent cell and the recipient cell, and a technology to differentiate the selective payload must treat specific diseases. In this review, we examined the current trends in research using exosomes derived from cells or tissues and analyzed various research reports on factors that can affect tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 212 Dickinson Street, MC 8236, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea.,Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea
| | - Young Joon Seo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Hearing Enhancement, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea. .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.
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20
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Jahromi LP, Shahbazi M, Maleki A, Azadi A, Santos HA. Chemically Engineered Immune Cell-Derived Microrobots and Biomimetic Nanoparticles: Emerging Biodiagnostic and Therapeutic Tools. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002499. [PMID: 33898169 PMCID: PMC8061401 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, considerable attention has been dedicated to the exploitation of diverse immune cells as therapeutic and/or diagnostic cell-based microrobots for hard-to-treat disorders. To date, a plethora of therapeutics based on alive immune cells, surface-engineered immune cells, immunocytes' cell membranes, leukocyte-derived extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and artificial immune cells have been investigated and a few have been introduced into the market. These systems take advantage of the unique characteristics and functions of immune cells, including their presence in circulating blood and various tissues, complex crosstalk properties, high affinity to different self and foreign markers, unique potential of their on-demand navigation and activity, production of a variety of chemokines/cytokines, as well as being cytotoxic in particular conditions. Here, the latest progress in the development of engineered therapeutics and diagnostics inspired by immune cells to ameliorate cancer, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular complications, and infectious diseases is reviewed, and finally, the perspective for their clinical application is delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pourtalebi Jahromi
- Drug Research ProgramDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz71468‐64685Iran
- Present address:
Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research SaarlandHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBiogenic Nanotherapeutics GroupCampus E8.1Saarbrücken66123Germany
| | - Mohammad‐Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research ProgramDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC)Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139‐56184Iran
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC)Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan45139‐56184Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz71468‐64685Iran
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz71468‐64685Iran
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Drug Research ProgramDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFI‐00014Finland
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21
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Gradual Replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ Ions in Brushite for the Production of Ca1−xMgxHPO4·nH2O Materials. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the gradual replacement of Ca2+ with Mg2+ ions in brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O). To date, this approach has not been systematically explored and may prove beneficial for the production of Ca1−xMgxHPO4·nH2O materials with tailored properties which are suitable for environmental and medical applications. For their production, solutions of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dehydrate, NaH2PO4·2H2O, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, Mg(NO3)2·6H2O and ammonium hydroxide solution, NH4OH, were used. At low Mg/Ca molar ratios (up to 0.25) in the starting solution, partial replacement of Ca with Mg takes place (Mg doping) but no struvite is produced as discrete phase. When the Mg/Ca molar ratio increases gradually to 1.5, in addition to Mg-doped brushite, struvite, NH4MgPO4·6H2O, precipitates. The microstructure of the materials produced for different degrees of Ca replacement with Mg has been analyzed in depth with the use of powdered XRD (X-ray diffraction), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The results of this study prove that the Mg/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be monitored in such a way that materials with tailored composition are obtained.
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22
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Recent Advancement and Technical Challenges in Developing Small Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2021; 38:179-197. [PMID: 33604783 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicles and act like 'messages in a bottle' in cell-cell communication by transporting their cargoes to recipient cells. Small EVs (sEVs, < 200 nm) are highly researched recently and have been harnessed as novel delivery systems for the treatment of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and most importantly cancer primarily because of their non-immunogenicity, tissue penetration and cell-tropism. This review will first provide a comprehensive overview of sEVs regarding the current understanding on their properties, biogenesis, new classification by the ISEV, composition, as well as their roles in cancer development (thereby called "oncosomes"). The primary focus will be given to the current state of sEVs as natural nanocarriers for cancer drug delivery, the technologies and challenges involved in sEV isolation and characterization, therapeutic cargo loading, and surface modification to enhance tumor-targeting. We will also provide examples of sEV products under clinical trials. Furthermore, the current challenges as well as the advance in "sEV mimetics" to address some of the sEVs limitations is briefly discussed. We seek to advance our understanding of sEVs to unlock their full potential as superior drug delivery vehicles in cancer therapy.
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Lee JH, Yoon JY, Lee JH, Lee HH, Knowles JC, Kim HW. Emerging biogenesis technologies of extracellular vesicles for tissue regenerative therapeutics. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211019015. [PMID: 34104388 PMCID: PMC8155774 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211019015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, carry the genetic packages of RNA, DNA, and proteins and are heavily involved in cell-cell communications and intracellular signalings. Therefore, EVs are spotlighted as therapeutic mediators for the treatment of injured and dysfunctional tissues as well as biomarkers for the detection of disease status and progress. Several key issues in EVs, including payload content and bioactivity, targeting and bio-imaging ability, and mass-production, need to be improved to enable effective therapeutics and clinical translation. For this, significant efforts have been made recently, including genetic modification, biomolecular and chemical treatment, application of physical/mechanical cues, and 3D cultures. Here we communicate those recent technological advances made mainly in the biogenesis process of EVs or at post-collection stages, which ultimately aimed to improve the therapeutic efficacy in tissue healing and disease curing and the possibility of clinical translation. This communication will help tissue engineers and biomaterial scientists design and produce EVs optimally for tissue regenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science
& BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook
University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science,
College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental
Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan,
Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook
University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine
Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
| | - Ji-Young Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science
& BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook
University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science
& BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook
University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental
Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan,
Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook
University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine
Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science,
College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine
Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine
Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue
Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free
Hospital, London, UK
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative
and Precision Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London,
UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration
Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science
& BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook
University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science,
College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental
Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan,
Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook
University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, South Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine
Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Chungcheongnam-do, Cheonan, Republic of
Korea
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Ambattu LA, Ramesan S, Dekiwadia C, Hanssen E, Li H, Yeo LY. High frequency acoustic cell stimulation promotes exosome generation regulated by a calcium-dependent mechanism. Commun Biol 2020; 3:553. [PMID: 33020585 PMCID: PMC7536404 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are promising disease diagnostic markers and drug delivery vehicles, although their use in practice is limited by insufficient homogeneous quantities that can be produced. We reveal that exposing cells to high frequency acoustic irradiation stimulates their generation without detriment to cell viability by exploiting their innate membrane repair mechanism, wherein the enhanced recruitment of calcium ions from the extracellular milieu into the cells triggers an ESCRT pathway known to orchestrate exosomal production. Given the high post-irradiation cell viabilities (≈95%), we are able to recycle the cells through iterative irradiation and post-excitation incubation steps, which facilitate high throughput production of a homogeneous population of exosomes-a particular challenge for translating exosome therapy into clinical practice. In particular, we show that approximately eight- to ten-fold enrichment in the number of exosomes produced can be achieved with just 7 cycles over 280 mins, equivalent to a yield of around 1.7-2.1-fold/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizebona August Ambattu
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Sherif AY, Harisa GI, Alanazi FK, Youssof AME. Engineering of Exosomes: Steps Towards Green Production of Drug Delivery System. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1537-1549. [PMID: 31309889 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190715104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of therapeutic agents to their specific site of action not only increases the treatment efficacy, but also reduces systemic toxicity. Therefore, various drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed to achieve this target. However, most of those DDSs have several issues regarding biocompatibility and environmental hazard. In contrast to the synthetic DDSs, exosome-based natural carriers are biocompatible, biodegradable and safe for the environment. Since exosomes play a role in intercellular communication, they have been widely utilized as carriers for different therapeutic agents. This article was aimed to provide an overview of exosomes as an environment-friendly DDS in terms of engineering, isolation, characterization, application and limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Y Sherif
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin I Harisa
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fars K Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M E Youssof
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Azarmi M, Maleki H, Nikkam N, Malekinejad H. Transcellular brain drug delivery: A review on recent advancements. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang Q, Sun Y, Yang Y, Li C, Zhang J, Wang S. Quantitative proteomic analysis of urinary exosomes in kidney stone patients. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:1572-1584. [PMID: 32944520 PMCID: PMC7475656 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased urinary exosomes are associated with kidney stones but how they work is unknown. In this study, we aim to identify dysregulated proteins in urinary exosomes from kidney stone patients and to explore the potential role of exosomal proteins in nephrolithiasis. Methods First morning voids were collected from participants. Urinary exosomes were isolated via ultracentrifugation. Label free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to analyze the proteome of urine exosomes from three kidney stone patients and three age-/sex-matched healthy controls. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify dysregulated proteins associated with stone formation. Results of proteomic analysis were verified by Western blotting in other three kidney stone patients and three healthy controls. Results Nine hundred and sixty proteins were identified with proteomic analysis, of which 831 were identified in the control group and 879 in the stone group. Sixteen proteins in urinary exosomes were found most significantly different between kidney stone patients and healthy controls. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that dysregulated proteins were enriched in innate immune response, defense response to bacterium and calcium-binding. S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 were common in above three GO terms and were chosen for further study. Western blotting confirmed that the expression of these three S100 proteins was higher in urinary exosomes from kidney stone patients. In addition, S100 proteins were aggregated in urinary exosomes and it was difficult to detect them in urine. Conclusions Urinary exosomes from kidney stone patients are rich in S100 proteins and play a role in innate immune response, defense response to bacterium and calcium-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Alkoussa S, Hulo S, Courcot D, Billet S, Martin PJ. Extracellular vesicles as actors in the air pollution related cardiopulmonary diseases. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:402-423. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1763252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Alkoussa
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sébastien Hulo
- IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on Human Health, ULR 4483 - IMPECS, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Occupational Health, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Sylvain Billet
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Perrine J. Martin
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, UCEIV EA4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, Dunkerque, France
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Chinnappan M, Srivastava A, Amreddy N, Razaq M, Pareek V, Ahmed R, Mehta M, Peterson JE, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Exosomes as drug delivery vehicle and contributor of resistance to anticancer drugs. Cancer Lett 2020; 486:18-28. [PMID: 32439419 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membranous vesicles implicated in intercellular signalling. Through their uncanny ability to carry and deliver donor cellular cargo (biomolecules) to target cells, they exert a profound effect on the regular functioning of healthy cells and play a significant role in pathogenesis and progression of several diseases, including cancer. The composition and number of endogenously circulating exosomes frequently vary, which is often reflective of the pathophysiological status of the cell. Applicability of exosomes derived from normal cells as a drug carrier with or without modifying their intraluminal and surface components are generally tested. Conversely, exosomes also are reported to contribute to resistance towards several anti-cancer therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the role of exosomes in cancer progression, resistance and the potential use of exosomes as a delivery vehicle of cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in the exploitation of exosomes as a drug delivery vehicle. We also discuss the role of exosomes in conferring resistance to anti-cancer therapeutics. While this review is focused on cancer, the exosome-based drug delivery and resistance is also applicable to other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Chinnappan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Narsireddy Amreddy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mohammad Razaq
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Vipul Pareek
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rebaz Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jo Elle Peterson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Bioactive Glass as a Nanoporous Drug Delivery System for Teicoplanin. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glass (BG) was made by the sol–gel method and doped with boron (B) to increase its bioactivity. Microstructures of BG and B-doped BG were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and phase identification was performed using an X-ray diffraction diffractometer. The ion concentrations released after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 4, and 7 days were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the pH value of the SBF was measured after soaking samples to determine the variation in the environment. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis was performed to further verify the characteristics of mesoporous structures. High performance liquid chromatography was used to evaluate the drug delivery ability of teicoplanin. Results demonstrated that B-doped BG performed significantly better than BG in parameters assessed by the BET analysis. B-doped BG has nanopores and more rough structures, which is advantageous for drug delivery as there are more porous structures available for drug adsorption. Moreover, B-doped BG was shown to be effective for keeping pH values stable and releasing B ions during soaking in SBF. The cumulative release of teicoplanin from BG and B-doped BG reached 20.09% and 3.17% on the first day, respectively. The drug release gradually slowed, reaching 29.43% and 4.83% after 7 days, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed bioactive glass has potential as a drug delivery system.
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Yi LJ, Li JF, Ma MG, Zhu YJ. Nanostructured Calcium-based Biomaterials and their Application in Drug Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:5189-5212. [PMID: 30806303 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190222193357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the past several decades, various types of nanostructured biomaterials have been developed. These nanostructured biomaterials have promising applications in biomedical fields such as bone repair, tissue engineering, drug delivery, gene delivery, antibacterial agents, and bioimaging. Nanostructured biomaterials with high biocompatibility, including calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and calcium silicate, are ideal candidates for drug delivery. This review article is not intended to offer a comprehensive review of the nanostructured biomaterials and their application in drug delivery but rather presents a brief summary of the recent progress in this field. Our recent endeavors in the research of nanostructured biomaterials for drug delivery are also summarized. Special attention is paid to the synthesis and properties of nanostructured biomaterials and their application in drug delivery with the use of typical examples. Finally, we discuss the problems and future perspectives of nanostructured biomaterials in the drug delivery field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Yi
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jun-Feng Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Ming-Guo Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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